View source for Tropical rainforest climate

{{short description|Type of tropical climate in which there is no dry season}}
[[File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_v2_Af_1991–2020.svg|thumb|upright=1.8|Worldwide zones of tropical rainforest climate (Af).]]
A '''tropical rainforest climate''' or '''equatorial climate''' is a [[tropical climate]] sub-type usually found within 10 to 15 degrees latitude of the [[equator]]. There are some other areas at higher latitudes, such as the coast of southeast Florida, United States, and Okinawa, Japan that fall into the tropical rainforest climate category. They experience high mean annual temperatures, small temperature ranges, and rain that falls throughout the year. Regions with this climate are typically designated '''''Af''''' by the [[Köppen climate classification]]. A tropical rainforest climate is typically hot, very humid, and wet with no [[dry season]].

==Description==
[[File:Cloud forest mount kinabalu.jpg|upright=0.8
|thumb|Borneo, with the typical vegetation of tropical forests.]]
[[File:Amazon Manaus forest.jpg|upright=1.2|thumb|Amazon rainforest, Manaus, Brazil.]]
Tropical rainforests have a type of [[tropical climate]] (with an average temperature of at least {{Convert|18|C|F}} in their coldest month) in which there is no [[dry season]]—all months have an average [[precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]] value of at least {{convert|60|mm|in|abbr=on}}. There are no distinct wet or dry seasons as rainfall is high throughout the months. One day in a tropical rainforest climate can be very similar to the next, while the change in temperature between day and night may be larger than the average change in temperature during the year.<ref name="McKnight">{{Cite book
| last1 = McKnight
| first1 = Tom L
| last2 = Hess
| first2 = Darrel
| year = 2000
| chapter = Climate Zones and Types
| title = Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation
| pages = [https://archive.org/details/physicalgeographmckn/page/205 205–8]
| location = Upper Saddle River, NJ
| publisher = Prentice Hall
| isbn = 978-0-13-020263-5
| chapter-url = https://archive.org/details/physicalgeographmckn/page/205
}}</ref>

=== Equatorial climates and tropical trade-wind climates ===
When tropical rainforest climates are more dominated by the [[Intertropical Convergence Zone]] (ITCZ) than the [[trade winds]] (and with no or rare cyclones), so usually located near the equator, they are also called equatorial climates. Otherwise, when they are more dominated by the trade winds than the ITCZ, they are called tropical trade-wind climates. In pure equatorial climates, the atmospheric pressure is almost constantly low so the horizontal pressure gradient is low. Consequently, the winds are rare and usually weak (except sea and land breezes in coastal areas) while in tropical trade-wind climates, often located at higher latitudes than the equatorial climates, the wind is almost permanent which incidentally explains why rainforest formations are impoverished compared to those of equatorial climates due to their necessary resistance to strong winds accompanying tropical disturbances.<ref>Climatologie Pierre Estienne Alain Godard, pages 309 and 316</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Seidel|first1=Dian J.|last2=Fu|first2=Qiang|last3=Randel|first3=William J.|last4=Reichler|first4=Thomas J.|date=January 2008|title=Widening of the tropical belt in a changing climate|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo.2007.38|journal=Nature Geoscience|language=en|volume=1|issue=1|pages=21–24|doi=10.1038/ngeo.2007.38|bibcode=2008NatGe...1...21S|issn=1752-0908|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

==Cities with tropical rainforest climates==
{{col-begin|width=75%}}
{{col-1-of-2}}
'''Asia'''
* [[Malacca, Car Nicobar|Malacca]] - [[Car Nicobar]],<ref>{{WWF ecoregion|name=Nicobar Islands rain forests|id=im0133}}</ref> India
* [[Balikpapan]], Indonesia
* [[Medan]], Indonesia 
* [[Palembang]], Indonesia
* [[Ishigaki, Okinawa|Ishigaki]], Japan
* [[Kuching]], Malaysia
* [[Johor Bahru]], Malaysia
* [[Kuala Lumpur]], Malaysia
* [[Davao City]], Philippines 
* [[Polomolok]], Philippines 
* [[Tacloban, Leyte]], Philippines
* [[Singapore]]
* [[Colombo]], Sri Lanka
* [[Ratnapura]], Sri Lanka
* [[Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte]], Sri Lanka 
* [[Orchid Island]], Taiwan
* [[Nakhon Si Thammarat]], Thailand

'''Oceania'''
* [[Pago Pago]], American Samoa
* [[Tubuai]], Austral Islands
* [[Kuranda, Queensland]], Australia
* [[Innisfail, Queensland]], Australia
* [[Palikir]], Federated States of Micronesia
* [[Suva]], Fiji
* [[Hanga Roa]], Easter Island, Chile
* [[Hagåtña]], Guam
* [[Atuona]], French Polynesia
* [[Mata Utu]], French Polynesia
* [[Papeete]], French Polynesia
* [[Tarawa]], Kiribati
* [[Majuro]], Marshall Islands
* [[Alofi]], Niue, New Zealand
* [[Koror (city)|Koror]], Palau
* [[Tabubil]], Papua New Guinea
* [[Lae]], Papua New Guinea
* [[Pitcairn Island]]
* [[Apia]], Samoa
* [[Honiara]], Solomon Islands
* [[Nuku’alofa]], Tonga
* [[Funafuti]], Tuvalu
* [[Hilo]], Hawaii, United States
* [[Port Vila]], Vanuatu
{{col-2-of-2}}
'''Africa'''
* [[Moroni, Comoros]]
* [[Kisumu]], Kenya
* [[Harper, Liberia]]
* [[Greenville, Liberia]]
* [[Antalaha]], Madagascar
* [[Manakara]], Madagascar
* [[Toamasina]], Madagascar
* [[Victoria, Seychelles]]
* [[Kampala]], Uganda

'''Americas'''
* [[Punta Gorda, Belize]]
* [[Hamilton, Bermuda]]
* [[Villa Tunari]], Bolivia
* [[Belém]], Brazil
* [[Macaé]], Brazil
* [[Salvador, Bahia|Salvador]], Brazil
* [[Buenaventura, Valle del Cauca]], Colombia
* [[Florencia, Caquetá|Florencia]], Colombia
* [[Leticia, Amazonas|Leticia]], Colombia
* [[Cocos Island]], Costa Rica
* [[Limón]], Costa Rica
* [[Higüey (city)|Higüey]], Dominican Republic
* [[Puyo, Pastaza|Puyo]], Ecuador
* [[Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni]], French Guiana
* [[Pointe-à-Pitre]], Guadeloupe
* [[Puerto Barrios]], Guatemala
* [[Georgetown, Guyana]]
* [[La Ceiba]], Honduras
* [[Port Antonio]], Jamaica
* [[Bluefields]], Nicaragua
* [[Changuinola]], Panama
* [[Iquitos]], Peru
* [[Lelydorp]], Suriname
* [[Paramaribo]], Suriname
* [[Scarborough, Trinidad and Tobago]]
* [[West Palm Beach]], Florida, United States
* [[Fort Lauderdale]], Florida, United States
{{col-end}}

{{climate chart|[[Paramaribo|Paramaribo, Suriname]]
|22|30|200
|22|30|140
|22|30|150
|22|31|210
|23|30|290
|22|31|290
|22|31|230
|23|32|170
|23|32|90
|23|33|90
|23|32|120
|22|30|180
|float=left
|clear=none
|source= [http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=52218&refer=&units=metric]
}}

{{climate chart|[[Mbandaka|Mbandaka, DR Congo]]
|19|31|80
|20|32|100
|20|32|150
|20|31|140
|20|31|130
|19|30|110
|17|30|100
|17|29|100
|19|30|200
|19|30|210
|19|30|190
|19|30|120
|float=left
|clear=none
|source=[http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=50046&refer=&units=metric]
}}

{{climate chart|[[Pontianak|Pontianak, Indonesia]]
|22.7|32.4|260
|22.6|32.7|215
|23.0|32.9|254
|23.2|33.2|292
|23.4|33.0|256
|23.1|33.2|212
|22.3|32.9|201
|22.5|33.4|180
|22.6|32.6|295
|22.8|32.6|329
|22.6|32.2|400
|22.4|32.0|302
|float=left
|clear=none
|source= [https://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=653]
}}

{{climate chart
| [[Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia]]
| 23.8 | 32.6 | 226.7
| 24.0 | 33.3 | 192.8
| 24.5 | 33.7 | 270.4
| 24.7 | 33.7 | 301.5
| 25.0 | 33.6 | 229.9
| 24.8 | 33.3 | 145.8
| 24.4 | 32.8 | 165.2
| 24.5 | 32.8 | 174.3
| 24.2 | 32.7 | 220.3
| 24.2 | 32.6 | 283.8
| 24.1 | 32.3 | 355.8
| 24.0 | 32.0 | 280.6
|float  =left
|clear  = none
|source = Monthly Statistical Bulletin Sarawak<!--- source of the data --->
}}

{{climate chart|[[Davao City|Davao, Philippines]]
|23.3|30.8|140.3
|23.3|31.2|109.4
|23.6|32.2|108.4
|24.2|33.0|124.7
|24.6|32.6|158.7
|24.2|31.8|186.7
|23.9|31.5|165.0
|24.0|31.7|170.0
|23.9|31.9|170.4
|23.9|32.3|174.8
|23.9|32.1|138.1
|23.7|31.4|112.6
|float=left
|clear=none
|source= [https://data.gov.ph/?q=dataset/climatological-normal-values/resource/d9212dc8-8164-44ae-8170-cf3a306c7d82]
}}

{{climate chart
| [[Quibdó|Quibdó, Colombia]]
|23|30.1|579.3
|23.1|30.2|505.4
|23.2|30.4|526.1
|23.4|30.8|654.6
|23.2|31|776.2
|23|31.2|761.6
|22.8|31.1|802.6
|22.9|31|851.7
|22.8|30.7|702.4
|22.7|30.4|654
|22.8|30.2|728.1
|23|29.6|588.5
|maxprecip = 851.7
|float = left
|clear = 652652625
|source = [http://bart.ideam.gov.co/cliciu/quibdo/tabla.htm]
}}
{{clear}}

==See also==
* [[Tropics]]
* [[Monsoon climate]]
* [[Tropical savanna climate]]
* [[Köppen climate classification]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Koppen}}

[[Category:Köppen climate types]]
[[Category:Rainforests]]
[[Category:Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests]]
[[Category:Tropical rainforests]]
[[Category:Tropics|Climate, Rainforest]]