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{{Short description|Identity document issued by a government or international entity}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2021}}
[[File:Aeroport de dubai terminal 3 egate (echecking of passport).jpg|thumb|Automated travel document inspection at [[Dubai International Airport|Dubai Airport]]]]
A '''travel document''' is an [[identity document]] issued by a [[government]] or international entity pursuant to international agreements to enable individuals to clear [[border control]] measures. [[Travel]] documents usually assure other governments that the bearer may return to the issuing country, and are often issued in booklet form to allow other governments to place [[Visa (document)|visas]] as well as [[Passport stamp|entry and exit stamps]] into them.

The most common travel document is a ''[[passport]]'', which usually gives the bearer more privileges like visa-free access to certain countries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ppt.gc.ca/pptc/documents.aspx?lang=eng|title=Passports Canada|access-date=2009-04-14|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090313062304/http://www.ppt.gc.ca/pptc/documents.aspx?lang=eng|archive-date=2009-03-13}}</ref> While passports issued by governments are the most common variety of travel document, many states and international organisations issue other varieties of travel documents that allow the holder to travel internationally to countries that recognise the documents. For example, [[Statelessness|stateless]] persons are not normally issued a national passport, but may be able to obtain a ''[[refugee travel document]]'' or the earlier "''[[Nansen passport]]''" which enables them to travel to countries which recognise the document, and sometimes to return to the issuing country.

Border control policies typically require travellers to present valid travel documents in order to ascertain their identity, nationality or permanent residence status, and eligibility to enter a given jurisdiction. The most common form of travel document is the passport, a booklet-form identity document issued by national authorities or the governments of certain subnational territories{{efn|The local governments of most inhabited [[British Overseas Territories]] issue passports to [[British Overseas Territories citizen]]s resident holding [[belonger status]] in the territory concerned, while the Chinese [[Special Administrative Region]]s of Hong Kong and Macau issue passports to Chinese citizens holding permanent residence in the region concerned.}} containing an individual's personal information as well as space for the authorities of other jurisdictions to affix stamps, visas, or other permits authorising the bearer to enter, reside, or travel within their territory. Certain jurisdictions permit individuals to clear border controls using identity cards, which typically contain similar personal information.

Different countries impose varying travel document regulations and requirements as part of their border control policies and these may vary based on the traveller's mode of transport. For instance, whilst America does not subject passengers departing by land or most boats to any border control, it does require that passengers departing by air hold a valid passport (or certain specific passport-replacing documents). Consequently, even though travellers departing America by air might not be required to have a passport to enter a certain country, they will be required to have a valid passport booklet to board their flight in order to satisfy American immigration authorities at departure.<ref>{{cite web|title=Page 7 of IATA document |url=https://www.iata.org/publications/timatic/Documents/using_timatic_v3.pdf|access-date=2 August 2018|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051323/https://www.iata.org/publications/timatic/Documents/using_timatic_v3.pdf}}</ref> Similarly, although several countries outside the [[European Economic Area]] accept national identity cards issued by its member states for entry, Sweden and Finland do not permit their citizens to depart for countries outside the EEA using solely their identity cards.<ref>[http://www.regeringen.se/sb/d/19836/a/253101 Ökade möjligheter att resa inom EU med nationellt identitetskort] (Swedish)</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FINLEX – Ursprungliga författningar: Statsrådets förordning om styrkande av rätten… 660/2013 |url=https://www.finlex.fi/sv/lagstiftning/forfattningssamling/2013/660}}</ref>

Many countries normally allow entry to holders of passports of other countries, sometimes requiring a [[Visa (document)|visa]] also to be obtained, but this is not an automatic right. Many other additional conditions may apply, such as not being likely to become a public charge for financial or other reasons, and the holder not having been [[Criminal conviction|convicted of a crime]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uscis.gov/iframe/ilink/docView/SLB/HTML/SLB/0-0-0-1/0-0-0-29/0-0-0-2006.html|title=ilink – USCIS|work=uscis.gov|access-date=2021-11-13|archive-date=2016-03-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308050051/https://www.uscis.gov/iframe/ilink/docView/SLB/HTML/SLB/0-0-0-1/0-0-0-29/0-0-0-2006.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Where a country does not [[Diplomatic recognition|recognise]] another, or is in dispute with it, it may prohibit the use of their passport for travel to that other country, or may [[#Limitations on use|prohibit entry]] to holders of that other country's passports, and sometimes to others who have, for example, visited the other country. Some individuals are subject to sanctions which deny them entry into particular countries.

Travel documents may be requested in other circumstances to confirm identification such as checking into a hotel or when changing money to a local currency. Passports and other travel documents have an expiry date, after which it is no longer recognised, but it is recommended that a passport is valid for at least six months as many airlines deny boarding to passengers whose passport has a shorter expiry date, even if the destination country may not have such a requirement.

{{TOC limit|2}}

==Specifications==
===Format===
[[Image:CBP checking authenticity of a travel document.jpg|thumb|U.S. [[U.S. Customs and Border Protection|CBP]] [[Office of Field Operations]] agent checking the [[Authentication|authenticity]] of a travel document at an [[international airport]] using a [[stereo microscope]]]]
Travel documents are typically issued in one of two formats:
*Booklets: the most common format for travel documents containing one or two pages with the individual information and endorsements from the issuing government as well as a number of additional pages for passport stamps or visas to be affixed
*[[Identity card]]s: a card-sized document containing an individual's identifying information

The [[International Civil Aviation Organization|ICAO]] (ICAO) issues standards for both booklet and identity card-format travel documents which are treated as recommendations to national governments. The size of booklet-form travel documents normally complies with the [[ISO/IEC 7810]] ID-3 standard, which specifies a size of {{convert|125x88|mm}}. This size is the [[ISO 216|B7]] format. Cards are issued to the ID-1 (credit card sized) standard.<ref>{{cite web
 | url = http://www.icao.int/publications/Documents/9303_p1_cons_en.pdf
 | title = Doc 9303: Machine Readable Travel Documents 
 | date = 2015
 | series = Seventh Edition, 2015
 | publisher = International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
 | location = Montréal, Quebec, Canada
 | language = en
 | access-date = 22 November 2015
 | quote = ICAO's work on machine readable travel documents began in 1968 with the establishment, by the Air Transport Committee of the Council, of a Panel on Passport Cards. This Panel was charged with developing recommendations for a standardized passport book or card that would be machine readable, in the interest of accelerating the clearance of passengers through passport controls.&nbsp;... In 1998, the New Technologies Working Group of the TAG/MRTD began work to establish the most effective biometric identification system and associated means of data storage for use in MRTD applications, particularly in relation to document issuance and immigration considerations. The bulk of the work had been completed by the time the events of 11 September 2001 caused States to attach greater importance to the security of a travel document and the identification of its holder. The work was quickly finalized and endorsed by the TAG/MRTD and the Air Transport Committee.&nbsp;... The Seventh Edition of Doc 9303 represents a restructuring of the ICAO specifications for Machine Readable Travel Documents. Without incorporating substantial modifications to the specifications, in this new edition Doc 9303 has been reformatted into a set of specifications for Size 1 Machine Readable Official Travel Documents (TD1), Size 2 Machine Readable Official Travel Documents (TD2), and Size 3 Machine Readable Travel Documents (TD3)&nbsp;...
 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book
 | url = http://www.icao.int/publications/Documents/9303_p2_cons_en.pdf
 | title = Doc 9303: Machine Readable Travel Documents, Part 2: Specifications for the Security of the Design, Manufacture and Issuance of MRTDs 
 | date = 2015
 | series = Seventh Edition, 2015
 | publisher = International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
 | location = Montréal, Quebec, Canada
 | language = en
 | isbn = 978-92-9249-791-0
 | access-date = 22 November 2015
 | quote = The Seventh Edition of Doc 9303 represents a restructuring of the ICAO specifications for Machine Readable Travel Documents. Without incorporating substantial modifications to the specifications, in this new edition Doc 9303 has been reformatted into a set of specifications for Size 1 Machine Readable Official Travel Documents (TD1), Size 2 Machine Readable Official Travel Documents (TD2), and Size 3 Machine Readable Travel Documents (TD3), as well as visas. This set of specifications consists of various separate documents in which general  (applicable to all MRTDs) as well as MRTD form factor specific specifications are grouped&nbsp;... Where the substrate used for the biographical data page (or inserted label) of a passport book or MRTD card is formed entirely of plastic or a variation of plastic, it is not usually possible to incorporate many of the security components described in 5.1.1 through 5.1.3&nbsp;... '''A.5.2.5  Special security measures for use with cards and biographical data pages made of plastic''' Where a travel document is constructed entirely of plastic, optically variable security features shall be employed which  give a changing appearance with angle of viewing. Such devices may take the form of latent images, lenticular features, colour-shifting ink, or diffractive optically variable image features.
 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book
 | url = http://www.icao.int/publications/Documents/9303_p3_cons_en.pdf
 | title = Doc 9303: Machine Readable Travel Documents, Part 3: Specifications Common to all MRTDs 
 | date = 2015
 | series = Seventh Edition, 2015
 | publisher = International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
 | location = Montréal, Quebec, Canada
 | language = en
 | isbn = 978-92-9249-792-7
 | access-date = 22 November 2015
 | quote = Part 3 defines specifications that are common to TD1, TD2 and TD3 size machine readable travel documents (MRTDs) including those necessary for global interoperability using visual inspection and machine readable (optical character recognition) means. Detailed specifications applicable to each form factor appear in Doc 9303, Parts 4 through 7.
 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book
 | url = http://www.icao.int/publications/Documents/9303_p5_cons_en.pdf
 | title = Doc 9303: Machine Readable Travel Documents, Part 5: Specifications for TD1 Size Machine Readable Official Travel Documents (MROTDs)
 | date = 2015
 | series = Seventh Edition, 2015
 | publisher = International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
 | location =Montréal, Quebec, Canada
 | language = en
 | isbn = 978-92-9249-794-1
 | access-date = 22 November 2015
 | quote = The nominal dimensions shall be those specified in ISO/IEC 7810 for the ID-1 type card: 53.98 mm x 85.6 mm (2.13 in x 3.37 in)&nbsp;... The edges of the document after final preparation shall be within the area circumscribed by the concentric rectangles as illustrated in Figure 1. Inner rectangle: 53.25 mm x 84.85 mm (2.10 in x 3.34 in),   Outer rectangle: 54.75 mm x 86.35 mm (2.16 in x 3.40 in). In no event shall the dimensions of the finished TD1 document exceed the dimensions of the outer rectangle, including any final preparation (e.g. laminate edges)&nbsp;... Note k: The first character shall be A, C or I. Historically these three characters were chosen for their ease of recognition in the OCR-B character set. The second character shall be at the discretion of the issuing State or organization except that V shall not be used, and C shall not be used after A except in the Crew Member Certificate.
 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
 | url = http://www.us-passport-service-guide.com/passport-card.html
 | title = U.S. Passport Service Guide – Passport Card Facts
 | date = 2015
 | language = en
 | access-date = 22 November 2015
 | quote = A passport card serves the same purpose as a passport book. It attests to your United States citizenship and your identity. The passport card is a fully valid passport. However, it is similar in size to a credit card&nbsp;... Production of the passport card began on July 14, 2008. Millions of cards have already been issued since that date. }}</ref>
* A standard booklet format travel document includes the cover, which contains the name of the issuing country, a national symbol, a description of the document (e.g., laissez-passer, passport, diplomatic passport), and a [[biometric passport|biometric]] symbol, if applicable. Inside, there is a title page, also naming the country. A data page follows, containing information about the bearer and the issuing authority. There are blank pages for visas, and to stamp for entries and exit. Passports have numerical or alphanumerical designators ("[[serial number]]") assigned by the issuing authority.
* [[Machine-readable passport|Machine-readable]] standards for travel documents have been issued by the ICAO,<ref name="ICAO">{{cite web | title = Machine Readable Travel Documents (MRTD) | work = ICAO | url = http://mypassportphotos.com/Biometrics-deployment-of-Machine-Readable-Travel-Documents.pdf|access-date = August 8, 2016 }}</ref> with an area set aside where most of the information written as text is also printed in a manner suitable for [[optical character recognition]].
* [[Biometric passport|Biometric booklets and cards]] (or e-passports) have an embedded [[Contactless smart card|contactless chip]] in order to conform to ICAO standards. These chips contain data about the passport bearer, a photographic portrait in digital format, and data about the passport itself. Many countries now issue biometric passports, in order to speed up clearance through immigration and the prevention of identity fraud.  These reasons are disputed by privacy advocates.<ref name=Schneier>{{cite news | title = The ID Chip You Don't Want in Your Passport | work = [[Bruce Schneier]] | url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/15/AR2006091500923.html|access-date = September 1, 2007 | date=2006-09-16}}</ref><ref name=Grunwald>{{cite news|title=Scan This Guy's E-Passport and Watch Your System Crash |work=Kim Zetter |url=https://www.wired.com/politics/security/news/2007/08/epassport |access-date=September 1, 2007 |date=1 August 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070801212645/http://www.wired.com/politics/security/news/2007/08/epassport |archive-date=August 1, 2007 }}</ref>

===Immigration stamps===
{{main|Passport stamp}}
For immigration control, officials of many countries affix entry and exit stamps to booklet format travel documents. Depending on the country, a stamp can serve different purposes. For example, in the [[United Kingdom]], an immigration stamp in a passport includes the formal [[leave to enter]] granted to a person subject to entry control. In other countries, a stamp activates or acknowledges the continuing leave conferred in the passport bearer's [[Entry Clearance|entry clearance]]. Under the [[Schengen Information System|Schengen system]], a foreign travel document is stamped with a date stamp which does not indicate any duration of stay, indicating that the person is deemed to have permission to remain either for three months or for the period shown on his visa if specified otherwise. Member states of the [[European Union]] are not permitted to place a stamp in the passport of a person who is not subject to immigration control. Stamping is prohibited because it is an imposition of a control that the person is not subject to.  Some travellers "collect" immigration stamps in their travel documents, and will choose to enter or exit countries via different means (for example, land, sea or air) in order to have different categories of stamps. Some countries, such as [[Liechtenstein]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.about-liechtenstein.co.uk/tourism/|title=About Liechtenstein - Tourism Overview|work=about-liechtenstein.co.uk|access-date=2013-09-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620010856/http://www.about-liechtenstein.co.uk/tourism/|archive-date=2013-06-20|url-status=dead}}</ref> that do not stamp passports may provide a passport stamp on request for such "memory" purposes. [[Monaco]] (at its tourist office) and [[Andorra]] (at its border) do this as well. These are official stamps issued by government offices.

==Passports==
{{main|Passport}}
In general, a passport is a travel document that also serves as proof of [[nationality]] from the issuing country. Although generally accepted by the majority of countries in the world, some  issuing countries expressly exclude the validity of passports from nations that are not [[Diplomatic recognition|recognised]] by their governments.<ref>{{cite web|title=Non-recognition of documentation, etc.| url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm199899/cmselect/cmfaff/366/36608.htm|work=Select Committee on Foreign Affairs Fourth Report| publisher=House of Commons – Foreign Affairs|date=8 June 1999| access-date=15 June 2010}}</ref>

Governments around the world issue a variety of passports for different purposes. The most common variety are ordinary passports issued to individual citizens and other nationals. In the past, certain countries issued collective passports{{efn|These were issued to defined groups for travel together to particular destinations, such as a group of school children on a school trip.<ref>{{cite web|title=Collective (group) passports|url=https://www.gov.uk/collective-group-passports/overview|website=GOV.UK|publisher=[[Government Digital Service]]|access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref>}} or family passport. Family passports were typically issued to one passport holder, who may travel alone or with other family members included in the passport. A family member not listed as the passport holder could not use the passport for travel without the passport holder. These passports are essentially obsolete as most countries; including all the [[European Union|EU]] states, Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom; require each traveller to have their own passport.<ref>{{cite web|title=Passports for children|url=http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/passport/child/index.asp|website=Canada.CA|publisher=Government of Canada|access-date=6 December 2015}}</ref> Today, passports are typically issued to individual travellers rather than groups. Aside from ordinary passports issued to citizens by national governments, there are a variety of other types of passports by governments in specific circumstances.

==International Certificate of Vaccination==
{{main| International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis}}

[[File:The New Cover of the International Certificate of Vaccination issued by the Philippines.jpg|thumb|left|upright|New cover of Carte Jaune issued by the Philippines since 2021]]

The International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis (ICVP), also known as the Carte Jaune, is an official [[vaccination]] report created by the [[World Health Organization|WHO]].<ref name="Rice">{{Cite book |last=Rice |first=Evan S. |date=2017 |title=The Wayfarer's Handbook: A Field Guide for the Independent Traveler |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=35QnDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT256 |location=New York |publisher=Hachette Book Group |page=256 |isbn=9780316271356 |access-date=29 November 2020}}</ref> As a travel document, it is a kind of medical [[passport]] that is recognised internationally and may be required for entry to certain countries where there are increased health risks for travellers (see section on [[#Biosecurity|biosecurity]]).<ref name="Rice"/>

Various schemes for health passports or vaccination certificates have been proposed for people who have been [[COVID-19 vaccine|vaccinated against COVID-19]]. The IATA Travel Pass application for smart phones, introduced by the [[International Air Transport Association]] (IATA) in early 2021, is a [[mobile app]] designed to standardise the health verification process confirming whether aeroplane passengers have been vaccinated against, or tested negative for, COVID-19 prior to travel. The application is intended to eventually replace the Carte Jaune and to facilitate the verification of vaccination for [[Yellow Fever]] and other diseases prescribed by border control policies in various countries. Trials of the application are carried out by a number of airlines including [[Singapore Airlines]], [[Emirates (airline)|Emirates]], [[Qatar Airways]], [[Etihad]] and [[Air New Zealand]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.itnews.com.au/news/air-new-zealand-to-trial-digital-health-pass-app-on-sydney-auckland-route-561343
 |title =Air New Zealand to trial digital health pass app on Sydney-Auckland route
 |last = Hendry|first = Justin|date = 22 February 2021
 |work = itnews.com.au|publisher = nextmedia Pty Ltd|access-date=17 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.iata.org/en/youandiata/travelers/iata-travel-pass-for-travelers/|title=IATA Travel Pass for Travelers |publisher=IATA}}</ref>

Due to the prevalence of counterfeit certificates in some places, several countries, including Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Nigeria, have been developing digital certificates to be used in conjunction with and to authenticate an ICVP.<ref name="tech">{{cite web |date=30 October 2020 |title=Fighting fake immunization travel certificates with frontier technologies |url=https://www.afro.who.int/news/fighting-fake-immunization-travel-certificates-frontier-technologies |publisher=World Health Organization |access-date=20 December 2020}}</ref><ref name="nigeria">{{cite web |last1=Sowards |first1=Will |date=23 August 2019 |title=Why Do I Need a Yellow Fever Card? |url=https://www.passporthealthusa.com/2019/08/why-do-i-need-a-yellow-fever-card/ |publisher=PassportHealth |access-date=20 December 2020}}</ref> As of July 2019, Nigeria requires its citizens to have its digital "e-Yellow Card" for travel outside the country. The card has a QR code that can be scanned to verify its validity. This requirement does not affect travellers from other countries with valid ICVPs, but those arriving in Nigeria who have not been vaccinated for yellow fever may receive the vaccine and the e-Yellow Card upon arrival.<ref name="nigeria ministry">{{cite web |title=FG phases out old yellow card, replaces with new electronic version |url=https://www.bh4a.com.ng/2019/06/28/fg-phases-out-old-yellow-card-replaces-with-new-electronic-version/ |publisher="Better Health for All" (BH4A) Organization. Nigerian Federal Ministry of Health |date=28 June 2019 |access-date=15 March 2021}}</ref><ref name="osac">{{cite web |title=Nigeria's eYellow Card Rollout |url=https://prd-medweb-cdn.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/globalsupport/files/OSAC%20Nigeria%20eYellow%20Card%20Rollout.pdf |publisher=US Department of State Overseas Security Advisory Council |date=11 July 2019 |access-date=20 December 2020}}</ref><ref name="berry">{{cite web |title=E-yellow cards mandatory as of April 1 |url=https://www.balglobal.com/bal-news/nigeria-e-yellow-cards-mandatory-as-of-april-1/ |publisher=Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP |date=23 April 2019 |access-date=20 December 2020}}</ref>

==Indigenous nations==
===Indigenous passports===
Various indigenous nations in the Americas, as well as the [[Aboriginal Provisional Government]] in Australia, issue passports to their citizens as an assertion of [[sovereignty]] symbolically rejecting the legitimacy of [[settler colonialism|settler authorities]]. Notable examples include the [[Iroquois passport|Haudenosaunee passport]] issued by the Six Nations of the [[Iroquois#Iroquois Confederacy|Haudenosaunee confederacy]], the [[Aboriginal passport]] in Australia, and various indigenous passports in Latin America such as the Kichwa passport in Ecuador.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://intercontinentalcry.org/indigenous-passports-assert-self-determination-in-ecuador/ | title=Indigenous passports assert self-determination in Ecuador &#124; Intercontinental Cry }}</ref> Indigenous passports are typically not recognised as valid travel documents for border control purposes. In particular, the [[Haudenosaunee men's national lacrosse team|Haudenosaunee Nationals]] [[lacrosse]] team has been involved in high-profile disputes over their refusal to travel on Canadian or American passports to [[World Lacrosse Championship|international lacrosse competitions]], being prevented from attending the [[2010 World Lacrosse Championship]] in the United Kingdom<ref>{{cite news |last1=Marshall |first1=Tabitha |title=The Iroquois Nationals and the 2010 World Lacrosse Championships  |work=The Canadian Encyclopedia |date=August 15, 2013 |url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/the-iroquois-nationals-and-the-2010-world-lacrosse-championships-feature/ |access-date=23 November 2017}}</ref> but being permitted to attend the [[2018 World Lacrosse Championship|tournament in 2018]] in Israel subject to guarantees from the Canadian and American governments that the players would be permitted to return home.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/indigenous/iroquois-nationals-face-travel-delays-to-world-lacrosse-championship-over-passport-issues-1.4740828|title=Iroquois Nationals face travel delays to World Lacrosse Championship over passport issues |work=CBC|access-date=12 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bnaibrith.ca/iroquois_lacrosse_team_defies_bds_to_reach_israel|title=Iroquois Lacrosse Team Defies BDS to Reach Israel|work=B'nai Brith Canada|access-date=12 July 2018}}</ref>

===Certificate of Indigenous Status===
While indigenous passports are generally not recognised by border control authorities, the Certificate of Indigenous Status issued by the Canadian government to individuals on the [[Indian Register]] is accepted by American and Canadian border control authorities for travel by land or sea.<ref name="AFN2020"/><ref>{{Cite web|publisher=[[Indigenous Services Canada]]|date=11 October 2024 |url=https://www.sac-isc.gc.ca/eng/1100100032399/1572459562067|title=Crossing the Canada-U.S. border with a status card|access-date=7 April 2025}}</ref> In 2018, the Canadian government introduced a Secure Certificate of Indigenous Status that serves as a [[Machine-readable passport|machine readable travel document]] to enable Indigenous individuals to cross the border more efficiently.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 December 2018 |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/crown-indigenous-relations-northern-affairs/news/2018/12/canada-implements-measures-to-address-canada-united-states-border-crossing-issues-for-first-nations.html |title=Canada implements measures to address Canada – United-States border-crossing issues for First Nations |publisher=Government of Canada; Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada Branch |access-date=26 October 2021}}</ref> In order to address the desire of members of indigenous nations not to be labelled as Canadian citizens, the Secure Certificate of Indigenous Status does not state the individual's nationality.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Fennario|first=Tony|date=4 June 2019 |url=https://www.aptnnews.ca/national-news/new-feature-on-status-cards-will-make-border-crossing-easier/ |title=New feature on status cards will make border crossing easier|access-date=26 October 2021}}</ref> The Canadian government issues Certificates of Indigenous Status to registered indigenous individuals regardless of whether or not they are Canadian citizens or hold Canadian permanent residence<ref name="AFN2020">{{Cite web|last=Assembly of First Nations|first=Legal Affairs and Justice |url=https://www.afn.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/07-19-02-06-AFN-Fact-Sheet-Registration-and-the-Canada-US-Border-final-revised.pdf|title=Registration and the Canada-United States Border|date=7 January 2020|access-date=31 October 2021}}</ref> but, although America permits Canadian citizens exercising [[Jay Treaty]] freedom of movement rights to enter using the document,<ref name="8 CFR 212.1">[https://ecfr.federalregister.gov/current/title-8/chapter-I/subchapter-B/part-212/section-212.1 8 CFR 212.1 Documentary requirements for nonimmigrants], Code of Federal Regulations, January 21, 2021.</ref> indigenous individuals holding American citizenship are instead required to use tribal identity cards<ref name="USHRN2006">{{Cite web|last=Indigenous Alliance Without Borders|title=Handbook on Indigenous Peoples' Border Crossing Rights Between the United States and Mexico |url=https://ushrnetwork.org/uploads/Resources/Border%20Crossing%20Rights%20Handbook%2006.06.19final.pdf|date=19 June 2006|access-date=31 October 2021}}</ref> or other American-issued [[Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative|WHTI]]-compliant documents.

===Enhanced Tribal Identity Cards===
Under the [[Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative]], indigenous people holding [[United States nationality law|American citizenship]] may clear land and sea border controls using [[machine readable passport|machine readable]] enhanced tribal identity cards, which contain similar features to enhanced driving licences issued by certain states and provinces.<ref name="USHRN2006"/> Unlike the Certificate of Indigenous Status, the document is only issued to American citizens.<ref name="USHRN2006"/> The document is treated by Canadian and American border controls as equivalent to an [[enhanced driver's license|enhanced driving licence]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ezbordercrossing.com/the-inspection-experience/documentation-needed-to-cross-border/types-of-documentation/|title=Types of Documentation|access-date=31 October 2021}}</ref> and may additionally be accepted by Mexican border control for entry up to 20–30&nbsp;km from the border subject to prevailing permit requirements.<ref>[https://www.inm.gob.mx/fmme/publico/en/solicitud.html Forma Migratoria Múltiple (FMM)], National Migration Institute of Mexico.</ref><ref>[https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/Mexico.html Mexico], U.S. Department of State, 17 December 2019.</ref>

===Kikapoo I-872 Native American Card===
Mexican citizens enrolled in the [[Texas Band of Kickapoo Indians]] or [[Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma]] may enter United States by land or sea using the Form I-872 American Indian Card, which provides for freedom of movement across the border for the Kickapoo first nation regardless of citizenship.<ref name="8 CFR 212.1"/><ref name="USHRN2006"/>{{efn|Since Mexico permits the use of [[Matrícula Consular|identity cards issued by Mexican consulates overseas]]<ref name="CIC2003"/> and other documents demonstrating Mexican citizenship for its citizens entering the country, Mexican citizens holding membership in the Kickapoo first nation are effectively not required by either country to hold a passport or [[Border Crossing Card]] when travelling between the two countries by land or sea}}

===American Samoans===
While the indigenous peoples of Hawaii, the American mainland, and most American territories have been granted full American citizenship and the accompanying right to apply for a passport on the same basis as any other American, the native population of American Samoa have not. As specified in {{usc|8|1408}}, a person whose only connection to the America is through birth in an outlying possession (which is defined in {{usc|8|1101}} as [[American Samoa]] and [[Swains Island]], which is administered as part of American Samoa), or through descent from a person so born, acquires American nationality but not citizenship. This was formerly the case in only four other current or former [[U.S. overseas possessions|American territories]].<ref>In the [[Panama Canal Zone]] only those persons born there prior to January&nbsp;1, 2000 with at least one parent as a U.S. citizen were recognised as U.S. citizens and were both nationals and citizens. Also in the former [[Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands]] the residents were considered nationals and citizens of the Trust Territory and not U.S. nationals.</ref> The origin of this distinction in status is the [[United States Supreme Court]]’s jurisprudence in the [[Insular Cases]], in which the court held that the indigenous inhabitants of newly acquired territories did not automatically acquire full American citizenship. Consequently, American Samoans are issued passports containing endorsement code 9 which states: "THE BEARER IS A UNITED STATES NATIONAL AND NOT A UNITED STATES CITIZEN." on the annotations page.<ref>{{Cite book
|url=https://fam.state.gov/FAM/08FAM/08FAM050502.html
|title=8 FAM 505.2 Passport Endorsements
|publisher=U.S. Department of State
|date=2018-06-27
|access-date=2018-08-03
}}
</ref> Non-citizen American nationals may reside and work in the United States without restrictions, but must apply for citizenship under the same rules as resident aliens. Like resident aliens, they are [[Right of foreigners to vote in the United States|not presently allowed by any American state to vote in federal or state elections]], although, as with resident aliens, there is no constitutional prohibition against their doing so.

=={{anchor|Laissez-Passer|Laissez-passer}}Laissez-passers==
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{{redirect|Laissez-passer}}

A laissez-passer ({{IPA|fr|lɛse pase}}; {{literally|let pass}}) is a travel document issued by a national government or certain international organisations. A laissez-passer is often for one-way travel to the issuing country for [[humanitarian]] reasons only such as [[Restoring Family Links]]. Some national governments issue laissez-passers to their own nationals as emergency [[passport]]s. Others issue them to people who are [[statelessness|stateless]], or who are unable to obtain a passport from their own government, or whose government is not recognised by the issuing country. During the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], they were issued by French consulates to people who would otherwise be unable to enter the country due to travel restrictions, but were allowed to enter for a single trip on compassionate grounds.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères |title=Coronavirus : les réponses à vos questions |url=https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/le-ministere-et-son-reseau/actualites-du-ministere/informations-coronavirus-covid-19/coronavirus-les-reponses-a-vos-questions/article/coronavirus-les-reponses-a-vos-questions |website=France Diplomatie – Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères |language=fr |access-date=1 November 2020}}</ref>

Historically, laissez-passers were commonly issued during wartime and at other periods, literally acting as a pass to allow travel to specific areas, or out of war zones or countries for various officials, diplomatic agents, other representatives or citizens of third countries. In these contexts, a laissez-passer would frequently include quite specific and limited [[freedom of movement]]. The form and issuing authority would be more or less standardized, depending on the circumstances. For example, during the early 1950s, the Iraqi government granted permission to its 120,000 Jewish citizens to leave ([[Operation Ezra and Nehemiah]]), conditional on their renouncing their citizenship and leaving behind all their properties and assets. The travel document that was issued was the ''laissez-passer'', since an Iraqi passport was no longer possible.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Paradise Lost: An Iraqi Jewish Story |url=http://reformjudaismmag.net/04winter/ruben.shtml |date=Winter 2004|volume=33|issue=2|journal=Reform Judaism|publisher=Union for Reform Judaism|issn=0482-0819|access-date=15 June 2010}}</ref>

The most common laissez-passer is the [[United Nations laissez-passer]] (UNLP) issued by the [[United Nations]] under the provisions of Article VII of the 1946 [[Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Convention on the privileges and immunities of the United Nations |url=http://www.unog.ch/80256EDD006B8954/(httpAssets)/C8297DB1DE8566F2C1256F2600348A73/$file/Convention%20P%20&%20I%20(1946)%20-%20E.pdf |publisher=[[United Nations]] |year=1946 |access-date=17 May 2010}}</ref> in its offices in New York and Geneva, as well as by the [[International Labour Organization|ILO]].<ref name="munch">{{cite web |url=http://www.unjiu.org/data/notes/2005/NOTE2005_2.pdf|access-date=7 April 2025 |title=Review of the Management of the United Nations Laissez-passer|first1=Wolfgang |last1=Münch |first2=Guangting |last2=Tang |first3=M. Deborah |last3=Wynes |publisher=Joint Inspection Unit, [[United Nations|UN]] |year=2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728145032/http://www.unjiu.org/data/notes/2005/NOTE2005_2.pdf |archive-date=28 July 2011}}</ref> The UNLP is issued to UN and ILO staff as well as staff members of international organisations such as the [[WHO]], the [[IAEA]], the [[World Tourism Organization]], the [[Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organisation Preparatory Commission]], the [[Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons]] (OPCW), the [[World Trade Organization|WTO]], the [[International Monetary Fund]], the [[International Organization for Migration|International Organisation for Migration]] (IOM), the World Intellectual Property Organization and the [[World Bank]]. The document is written in English and French, two of the six [[working language#United Nations working languages|working languages of the United Nations]], those two being selected because French was in the recent past the language of diplomacy, but was replaced with English when the British Empire decolonized, creating a large network of English language diplomacy economies.<ref>{{cite web |title=How Did English Become a Global Language? |url=https://word-connection.com/how-did-english-become-a-global-language/ |website=Word Connection |date=18 November 2020 |publisher=PRESS Co., Ltd Tokyo |access-date=7 October 2023}}</ref> The UNLP is a valid travel document, which can be used like a national passport (in connection with travel on official missions only). However, UNLP holders often encounter immigration officials who are unfamiliar with the document and require them to show a national passport in addition.<ref name="munch"/> As with national passports, some countries and regions accept it for entry without the need for a [[Travel visa|visa]] (e.g., [[Turkmenistan]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://turkmenportal.com/en/blog/34773/the-president-of-turkmenistan-has-simplified-the-visa-regime-for-un-staff | title=The President of Turkmenistan has simplified the visa regime for UN staff &#124; Politics | date=30 June 2023 }}</ref> Kenya, the United Kingdom, [[Schengen Area]], Lebanon, etc.), while other countries may require a visa before accepting it for entry (depending on the nationality of the UNLP holder).

Similarly, the [[European Union laissez-passer]] is issued to civil servants and members of the [[institutions of the European Union]]. It is proof of privileges and immunities the holders enjoy. The document is valid in all countries of the [[European Union]] as well as in over 100 other countries. In 2006, the [[European Commission]] issued or renewed 2,200 laissez-passer, and other agencies may issue the document as well.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:52007DC0849 |title=Communication from the Commission to the Council – Draft Council Regulation laying down the form of the laissez-passer issued to members and servants of the institutions |publisher=eur-lex.europa.eu |date=21 December 2007 |access-date=18 November 2015}}</ref>

The [[Interpol Travel Document]] is a document similar to the United Nations and European Union laissez-passer and is issued to [[Interpol]] officers for travel to Interpol member countries. They are intended to reduce response times for personnel deployed to assist with transnational criminal investigations, major events or emergency situations by waiving normal visa requirements.<ref>{{cite news |title=Interpol Cops to Travel Without Visas |first=Kelly |last=Bellknap |url=https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/headlines/2009/10/global-policemen-to-travel-without-visas/ |website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |date=13 October 2009 |access-date=20 March 2012}}</ref> The travel documents consist of an [[Passport|e-Passport Booklet]] and an [[ID card|e-Identification Card]] identifying the holder as an Interpol officer, granting them special immigration status when travelling on official Interpol duties to participating member countries.<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2010 |title=The Interpol Travel Document Initiative – Information Leaflet |url=http://www.interpol.int/content/download/9010/67036/version/4/file/PassportLeaflet%5B1%5D.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111121051947/http://www.interpol.int/content/download/9010/67036/version/4/file/PassportLeaflet[1].pdf |archive-date=21 Nov 2011 |access-date=15 June 2013 |website=Interpol}}</ref>

<gallery>
File:UN-laissez-passer.jpg|The front cover of a blue [[machine-readable passport|machine-readable]] United Nations laissez-passer
File:UN-laissez-passer red.jpg|The front cover of a red [[machine-readable passport|machine-readable]] United Nations diplomatic laissez-passer
File:Interpol ID card front.jpg|The front of the card-form Interpol Travel Document
</gallery>

''Laissez-passer'' documents may also be issued to goods or other non-living objects to facilitate their transport across international borders. For instance, the [[Agreement on the Transfer of Corpses]] sets out rules whereby [[cadaver|human corpses]] may be issued ''laissez-passer'' documents in order for a body to be buried or cremated in a country different from the one in which the person died.

==Identity cards==
{{multiple image
| total_width = 300
| image1=DNIArg-anv-wikipedia.jpg |
| image2=DNIArg-rev-wikipedia.jpg |
| footer = Argentine [[Documento Nacional de Identidad (Argentina)|National ID card]] valid for travel to other [[Mercosur]] countries in lieu of a passport
}}

Certain jurisdictions permit the use of identity cards to clear border controls. For instance, when travelling between India and Nepal or Bhutan, Indian citizens may utilise national voter ID cards, ration cards, or [[Aadhar|national identity cards]]. Indian citizens may also obtain identity slips at the Indian consulate in Phuentsholing if they intend to proceed beyond city limits as Phuentsholing, the financial capital of Bhutan, is de facto within India's visa and customs area. When travelling to India, citizens of Nepal and Bhutan can utilise similar documents. Children may use birth certificates as proof of identity. Similarly, many [[Mercosur]] countries reciprocally permit travel using identity cards.

Permanent residents of [[Hong Kong]] and [[Macau]] [[Special administrative regions of China|SARs]] do not require passports when travelling in either region regardless of their citizenship status. Hong Kong residents can enjoy 1 year visa-free access to Macau and Macau residents can enjoy 180 days visa-free access to Hong Kong. But such non-permanent residents of Hong Kong and Macau who possess a [[Hong Kong Document of Identity for Visa Purposes]] or [[Visit Permit for Residents of Macao to HKSAR]] to travel in either region with identity cards for up to 30 days.

In Western Europe, travel using identity cards is relatively common for citizens of the European Economic Area and adjacent territories.{{efn|
* [[Albania]] accepts national ID cards or passports for entry from nationals of the EU, EFTA, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Monaco, Montenegro, North Macedonia, San Marino and Singapore.
* [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] accepts national ID cards or passports for entry from citizens of the EU, EFTA, Monaco, Montenegro, San Marino and Serbia.
* [[North Macedonia]] accepts national ID cards or passports for entry from nationals of the EU, EFTA, Albania, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo and Serbia.
* [[Montenegro]] accepts national ID cards or passports for entry from nationals of the EU, EFTA, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Monaco, North Macedonia, San Marino and Serbia.
* [[Serbia]] accepts national ID cards or passports for entry from nationals of the EU, EFTA (except Liechtenstein), Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and North Macedonia.
* [[Turkey]] allows citizens of Belgium, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, the partly recognized [[Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus]], Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, and Ukraine to enter with a valid national ID card.
* [[Ukraine]] reciprocally accepts for travel national ID cards issued to citizens of Georgia and Turkey.
* EU and Turkish citizens are allowed to enter the partly recognized [[Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus]] with a valid ID card.
* EU and Turkish citizens are allowed to enter Georgia with a valid ID card.
* Turkish citizens are allowed to enter Moldova with a valid ID card.
* Turkish citizens are allowed to enter Ukraine and Azerbaijan with a valid ID card if arriving directly from Turkey.}} Within the Schengen Area, there are limited border controls in place and national identity cards may be used to clear them. Since August 2021, identity cards within the European Economic Area have been standardised under [[National identity cards in the European Economic Area#New European Union standards from 2019|EU Regulation 2019/1157]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2019/1157/oj|title=EUR-Lex – 32019R1157 – EN – EUR-Lex|website=eur-lex.europa.eu |access-date=13 September 2019}}</ref> The new standard is intended to replace and harmonise the various identity card models currently in use across the [[European Union]] (EU) and the [[European Economic Area]] (EEA).{{Efn|The legal ''[[Acquis communautaire|acquis]]'' has been identified as [[European Economic Area|EEA]]-relevant by the EU Commission, which makes it under scrutiny for incorporation into the [[European Economic Area|EEA Agreement]] by [[Iceland]], [[Liechtenstein]] and [[Norway]]. However, the legal basis rely on Article 21 of the [[Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union]], an article which is not reflected in the EEA Agreement.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fri bevegelse av personer: styrket sikkerhet av ID-kort og oppholdsdokumenter |url=https://europalov.no/rettsakt/fri-bevegelse-av-personer-styrket-sikkerhet-av-id-kort-oppholdsdokumenter/id-25563|access-date=4 September 2020|website=europalov.no|date=17 April 2018 }}</ref>|name=eea-relevance|group=}}

Citizens of [[Lebanon]] and [[Jordan]] do not require passports when travelling in either country if they are carrying ID cards, while citizens of the [[Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf]] countries need only national ID cards (also referred to as civil ID cards) to cross the borders of council countries.

In North America, American citizens may travel to Canada or certain islands in the Caribbean using the [[United States Passport Card|passport card]] while children holding Canadian or American citizenship may travel between America and Canada using birth certificates under certain circumstances. An [[Enhanced Drivers License|Enhanced Driving Licence]] is an identity card issued by provincial and state authorities in Canada and America that, in addition to serving as a valid driving licence, enables its bearer to clear land border controls between the two countries. It is not valid for air travel and does not permit its holder to clear border controls at airports. Certain provinces and states may issue similar enhanced versions of regional identity cards issued to individuals who do not drive. Similarly, a [[Border Crossing Card]] (BCC) is an identity document issued by the American government to nationals of Mexico. As a standalone document, the BCC allows its holder to visit border areas{{efn|Defined as follows:
*[[California]] and [[Texas]]: within 40 km of the border
*[[Arizona]] within 121 km of the border
*[[New Mexico]] within 89 km of the border or up to [[Interstate 10]], whichever is further north
}} when entering by land or sea directly from Mexico for up to 30 days<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-06-12 |title=Extension of Border Zone in the State of New Mexico |url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2013/06/12/2013-13946/extension-of-border-zone-in-the-state-of-new-mexico |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=Federal Register |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=8 CFR 235.1 -- Scope of examination. |url=https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-8/part-235/section-235.1 |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=www.ecfr.gov |language=en}}</ref> and, when presented with a valid [[Mexican passport]], functions as a [[B visa|B1/B2 visa]] for entry to any part of the United States by any means of transportation.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://help.cbp.gov/s/article/Article-1670 |title=The Border Crossing Card (BCC) – What documents do I need as a Mexican national to visit the United States? |date=12 December 2020 |publisher=U.S. Customs and Border Protection |access-date=7 April 2021}}</ref><ref name="8 CFR 212.1"/> Additionally, Mexico permits the use of [[Matrícula Consular|identity cards issued by Mexican consulates overseas]],<ref name="CIC2003">{{Cite web|url=https://cis.org/Report/IDs-Illegals-Matricula-Consular-Advances-Mexicos-Immigration-Agenda|last=Dinerstain|first=Marti|title=IDs for Illegals: The 'Matricula Consular' Advances Mexico's Immigration Agenda|publisher=Center for Immigration Studies|date=1 January 2003|access-date=31 October 2021}}</ref> voter ID cards, and [[Unique Population Registry Code|CURP cards]] by Mexican citizens entering the country, which has the effect of enabling individuals who use the BCC or an American Permanent Resident Card as a standalone travel document when travelling to re-enter Mexico without a passport.

Members of the East African Community (composed of [[Kenya]], [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]], [[Rwanda]] and [[Burundi]]) may issue an [[East African Community#East African passport|East African passport]]. East African passports are recognised by only the five members, and are only used for travel between or among those countries. The requirements for eligibility are less rigorous than are the requirements for national passports used for other international travel. The member states of the [[Economic Community of West African States]] (ECOWAS) do not require passports for their citizens when moving within the community. National ID cards are sufficient. The member states are [[Benin]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Cape Verde]], [[Gambia]], [[Ghana]], [[Guinea]], [[Guinea-Bissau|Guinea Bissau]], [[Ivory Coast]], [[Liberia]], [[Mali]], [[Niger]], [[Nigeria]], [[Senegal]], [[Sierra Leone]], and [[Togo]].

Many Central American and South American nationals can travel within their respective regional economic zones, such as [[Mercosur]] and the [[Andean Community of Nations]], or on a bilateral basis (e.g., between Chile and Peru, between Brazil and Chile), without passports, presenting instead their national ID cards, or, for short stays, their voter-registration cards. In some cases this travel must be done overland rather than by air. 
[[Mercosur]] citizens can travel visa-free and only with their ID cards between the member and associated countries (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay, Brazil and Argentina).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.mercosur.int/documento/acuerdo-documentos-de-viaje/ | title=Acuerdo Documentos de Viaje }}</ref>

==Travel documents for permanent residents==
{{further|Permanent residency}}
[[File:United States Travel Document Cover Page.jpg|thumb|upright|The American re-entry permit is a travel document for permanent residents issued on request.]]
[[File:2017-us-green-card-specimen.png|thumb|left|upright|Green Card issued to all American permanent residents]]
[[File:Japan Re-entry Permit 2012.png|thumb|left|upright|A booklet-form Japan re-entry permit issued to [[Special permanent resident (Japan)|special permanent residents]] of Japan]]
[[File:Japan Re-entry Permit Stamp.png|thumb|upright|A sticker/stamp form Japanese Re-entry Permit issued to ordinary permanent residents]]

Some countries issue travel documents to permanent residents (i.e. foreign citizens permitted to reside there indefinitely) or other non-citizens, usually for re-entry but also occasionally valid for international travel.

The [[U.S. re-entry permit|American Re-Entry Permit]] is an example of such a document. Valid for international travel, it is issued to lawful permanent residents temporarily expatriating overseas. Unlike the [[Permanent residence (United States)|"Green Card"]] issued to all permanent residents, this document is not mandatory. The American "Green Card", on its own or in conjunction with a passport, is valid for international travel albeit not to the same extent as the re-entry permit. Both documents can be utilised to clear American border controls regardless of the bearer's nationality, thus resulting in America not requiring permanent residents to hold a passport from their home country in order to remain lawfully present or to lawfully enter.{{efn|Since Mexico permits the use of [[Matrícula Consular|identity cards issued by Mexican consulates overseas]]<ref name="CIC2003"/> and other documents demonstrating Mexican citizenship for its citizens entering the country, Mexicans holding permanent residence in America are effectively not required by either country to hold a Mexican passport when travelling between the two countries}}

Singapore issues [[National Registration Identity Card|national identity cards]] to permanent residents in the same manner as it does to citizens, but additionally requires any permanent resident travelling abroad to hold a valid electronic re-entry permit and a passport or other travel document from their home country. Similarly, Hong Kong and Macau issue permanent resident cards to all permanent residents including those without Chinese citizenship.

While Canada does not issue a mandatory national identity card to its citizens, it issues the [[Canada permanent resident card]], which serves as a valid travel document for Canadian permanent residents to clear border controls in the country. Additionally, Canada requires any Canadian Permanent Residents entering the country by air to use their [[Canada permanent resident card|Permanent Resident Card]] or a special document authorising their return.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ircc.canada.ca/english/helpcentre/answer.asp?qnum=1050&top=16|title=I am a permanent resident of Canada. Do I need an eTA if I leave and want to return to Canada by air?|publisher=[[Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada]]|date=4 April 2025|access-date=7 April 2025}}</ref> No such requirement is imposed on a permanent resident entering by land or sea. Canadian citizens are prohibited from using a foreign passport to enter the country.<ref name="dual">{{cite web|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/visit-canada/dual-canadian-citizens-visit-canada.html#findOut|title=Dual Canadian citizens need a valid Canadian passport|publisher=Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada|date=18 March 2021|access-date=7 April 2025}}</ref>

Japan issues a [[Japan Re-entry Permit|re-entry permit]] for individuals holding [[Immigration to Japan#Permanent Resident|permanent resident status]]. This document is issued in one of two formats depending on the nationality status of the holder. For ordinary permanent residents holding a passport from their country of citizenship, it is issued as a stamp or sticker affixed to a page on its holder's passport. For members of the [[Chōsen-seki]] community and descendants of Taiwanese immigrants whose ancestors moved to Japan when Korea and Taiwan were Japanese colonies, who are classified as [[Special permanent resident (Japan)|special permanent residents]], a booklet-form Japan re-entry Permit is issued for international travel. While special permanent residents are treated by Japanese authorities as similar to Japanese citizens in most regards, including access to consular assistance, they are [[Right of foreigners to vote#Japan|unable to participate]] in elections or exercise other rights reserved specifically for Japanese citizens. Nevertheless, they enjoy greater legal rights than ordinary permanent residents. For example, special permanent residents are not subject to immigration control under Article 5 of the [http://www.immi-moj.go.jp/english/newimmiact/pdf/RefugeeRecognitionAct01.pdf Immigration Control Act 1951]. During the [[COVID-19 pandemic|coronavirus pandemic of 2020]], special permanent residents were allowed the right of return, while other permanent residents were denied permission to enter Japan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Japan weighs up whether to give foreign residents the vote |url=https://japantoday.com/category/features/lifestyle/japan-weighs-up-whether-to-give-foreign-residents-the-vote |website=Japan Today |access-date=27 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Regarding refusal of landing to prevent the spread of COVID-19 disease (novel Coronavirus) |url=http://www.moj.go.jp/content/001316999.pdf |publisher=Ministry of Justice (Japan) |access-date=27 April 2020 |archive-date=28 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428161019/http://www.moj.go.jp/content/001316999.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Seafarers' identity documents==
{{main|Seafarers' Identity Documents Convention (Revised), 2003|Seafarers' Identity Documents Convention, 1958}}
[[File:U.S. Passport and Merchant Mariner Credential.png|thumb|upright|Comparison between a passport and a seafarers' identity document]]
[[File:Merchant Mariner Credential Data Page.png|thumb|upright|left|Data page of a seafarers' identity document]]

A seafarers' identity document (also known as a seaman's identity document or merchant mariner credential) is a travel document issued to [[licensed mariner|individuals authorised]] to serve as crew members aboard vessels engaged in international voyages. Like an ordinary passport, it contains its holder's personal information and is generally issued by the same authorities. Additionally, it contains information as to its bearer's qualifications to serve on a ship's crew. In certain jurisdictions, of seafarers' identity documents are entitled to simplified visa requirements when travelling on duty. For instance, [[Visa policy of mainland China#Merchant seamen|mainland China]] maintains a simplified visa regime for holders of certain countries' seafarers' identity documents travelling on duty.

==Special travel documents==
While the majority of international travellers clear border controls using passports or national identity cards, a wide variety of travel documents are utilised by individuals in irregular situations, ranging from de jure or de facto [[statelessness|stateless]] individuals to individuals affected by international border disputes, the aftermath of the fall of states such as Yugoslavia or the USSR, or other legal complexities. Such travel documents are typically subject to greater scrutiny by border control authorities, with countries such as Singapore imposing [[Visa policy of Singapore#Assessment Level II Countries|strict controls]] on stateless individuals and refugees regardless of the issuing country of their travel documents.

===Certificate of identity===
{{main|Certificate of Identity|Refugee travel document| 1954 Convention travel document}}
[[File:Reiseausweis D innen.jpg|thumb|A 1954 Convention travel document issued in Germany in 2008]]
[[File:Front cover of a Canadian travel document issued to refugees under the 1951 convention.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Canadian Refugee Travel Document]]

A certificate of identity is a travel document issued by a country to non-citizens (also called [[Alien (law)|alien]]s) residing within their borders who are [[statelessness|stateless persons]] or otherwise unable to obtain a passport from their state of nationality (generally [[refugee]]s). Some states also issue certificates of identity to their own citizens as a form of emergency [[passport]] or otherwise in lieu of a passport. The visa requirements of certificates of identity may be different from those of regular passports. There are three types of certificate of identity: [[1954 Convention travel document]]s, [[refugee travel document|1951 Convention travel documents]], and non-convention travel documents.

A 1954 Convention travel document is a certificate of identity issued to a (typically, but not always, [[statelessness|stateless]]) person in circumstances of any difficulties in gaining a travel document from their country of origin.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=Brad K. |editor1-last=Blitz |editor2-first=Maureen |editor2-last=Lynch |title=Statelessness and the Benefits of Citizenship: A Comparative Study |date=June 2009 |publisher=Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights and International Observatory on Statelessness |isbn=978-0-9563275-1-2 |page=27 |quote=[T]he Convention also provides for the issuance of travel documents, this time to stateless persons who are lawfully staying in the territory of a contracting state. The so-called Convention Travel Document (CTD) is designed to function in lieu of a passport—a document that is generally unavailable to stateless persons since it is usually issued by the country of nationality. |url=http://www.udhr60.ch/report/statelessness_paper0609.pdf |access-date=31 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008171613/http://www.udhr60.ch/report/statelessness_paper0609.pdf |archive-date=8 October 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Similarly, a 1951 Convention travel document (or refugee travel document) is a certificate of identity issued to a [[refugee]] by the state in which they normally reside in allowing them to travel outside that state and to return there. Refugees are unlikely to be able to obtain [[passport]]s from their state of nationality (from which they have sought asylum) and therefore need travel documents so that they might engage in international travel. The 145 states which are parties to the 1951 [[Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees]] are obliged to issue travel documents to refugees lawfully resident in their territory.<ref>Under Article 28 of the Convention.</ref> Refugee travel documents are passport-like booklets. Their cover bears the words "Travel Document" in English and [[French language|French]] (and often in the language of the issuing state), as well as the date of the convention: 28 July 1951.  The documents were originally grey, though some countries now issue them in other colours, with two diagonal lines in the upper left corner of the front cover.

Non-Convention (or non-National) travel documents are certificates of identity issued by a country to non-citizen (also called [[Alien (law)|alien]]) residents who do not have access to passport facilities from their own countries, are not recognised as either Convention refugees, and are not officially [[statelessness|stateless]] under the 1954 [[Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons]] (or the country they live in has not signed that convention). These are issued in many jurisdictions across the globe in which significant numbers of residents are stateless. For instance, Singapore permanent residents who are stateless are issued booklet-form [[Singapore Certificate of Identity|Certificates of Identity]] in lieu of a passport while Indonesia issues the [[Paspor Orang Asing]] to its stateless permanent residents. The issue [[Hong Kong Document of Identity for Visa Purposes]] and [[Macao Special Administrative Region Travel Permit|Macau Travel Permit]], serve a similar function in China's special administrative regions and are issued to stateless permanent residents and to Chinese citizens temporarily residing in the region who hold neither permanent residence of Hong Kong or Macau nor residence status in the mainland and are thereby ineligible for any category of Chinese passport.

The Indian government issues [[Indian Identity Certificate|non-convention certificates of identity]] to members of the large Tibetan exile community and to other stateless residents of India. Certificates of identity are routinely issued upon request of the Dalai Lama's Tibetan government in exile based in [[Dharamsala]]. This document is accepted by most countries border control policies in lieu of a passport, although it is not a machine readable document. Tibetans travelling to areas administered by the Republic of China or People's Republic of China may be required to use a [[National without household registration|ROC passport without right of abode]] or a Chinese Travel Document instead. When issued to a Tibetan residing in India, a certificate of identity is invariably endorsed as being valid for return to India and therefore exempts the holder from requiring a visa to clear Indian border controls upon re-entry.

Between 2000<ref name="un.org">{{Cite web |url=https://www.un.org/peace/kosovo/news/99/mar00_4.htm |title=Complete UN Kosovo Coverage |access-date=2021-11-12 |archive-date=2012-10-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025194516/http://www.un.org/peace/kosovo/news/99/mar00_4.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> and 2008, the [[United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo]] (UNMIK) issued the UNMIK Travel Document, a non-convention travel document, to residents of [[Kosovo]]{{efn|Kosovo is the subject of a territorial dispute between the [[Kosovo|Republic of Kosovo]] and the [[Serbia|Republic of Serbia]].<ref>{{cite news|title=First passports issued in Kosovo|work=Southeast European Times|access-date=10 December 2022
|url=http://www.setimes.com/cocoon/setimes/xhtml/en_GB/features/setimes/features/2008/07/31/feature-02|date=31 July 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080917104927/http://www.setimes.com/cocoon/setimes/xhtml/en_GB/features/setimes/features/2008/07/31/feature-02 |archive-date=17 September 2008}}</ref> The Republic of Kosovo [[2008 Kosovo declaration of independence|unilaterally declared independence]] on 17 February 2008. [[Kosovo–Serbia relations|Serbia continues to claim]] it as part of its [[Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija|own sovereign territory]]. The two governments [[Belgrade–Pristina negotiations|began to normalise relations]] in 2013, as part of the [[Brussels Agreement (2013)|2013 Brussels Agreement]]. Kosovo is currently recognised as an independent state by {{#expr:{{Numrec/Kos|N}}-{{Numrec/Kos|W}}}} out of the {{UNnum}} [[member states of the United Nations|United Nations member states]]. In total, {{Numrec|Kosovo}} UN member states have recognised Kosovo at some point, of which {{Numrec|Kosovo|W=Y}} later withdrew their recognition.}} who were not able to obtain a passport from [[Yugoslavia]], for the purpose of foreign travel.<ref name="un.org"/> After the government of Kosovo started to issue [[Kosovan passport|their own passports]], the UNMIK ceased issuing them. Existing UNMIC travel documents retained their validity until expiry (the last ones expired in 2010). In light of the disputed nationality status of residents of Kosovo, the UNMIK travel document did not contain information on [[nationality]]. The document was labelled ''UNMIK travel document/titre de voyage'' on the cover, contained 32 pages, and was valid for 2 years. It contained a [[Machine-readable passport|machine readable]] strip. As the issuing authority was the UNMIK, the document had the official three-letter code "UNK" where normally the country code is placed.<ref>{{Cite web|publisher=International Civil Aviation Organization |url=http://www.icao.int/atb/sfbranch/files/MRTDStateCode.pdf |title=Appendix 7 to Section IV: Three-Letter Codes |access-date=7 April 2025 |archive-date=2007-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070812113111/http://www.icao.int/atb/sfbranch/files/MRTDStateCode.pdf}}</ref> It was the only other travel document issued by the [[United Nations]] besides the [[United Nations Laissez-Passer]], which is mainly issued to employees of the UN and its specialised agencies. As the status of Kosovo was and remains controversial, the document was not widely accepted<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unmikonline.org/misc/traveldocs.htm |title=LIST OF COUNTRIES WHICH RECOGNIZE THE UNMIK TRAVEL DOCUMENT |access-date=2018-05-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090805200559/http://www.unmikonline.org/misc/traveldocs.htm |archive-date=2009-08-05 }}</ref> and, although America did accept the UNMIK Travel Document, it did not place visa stickers in the document itself, but on a detached sheet.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://travel.state.gov/visa/frvi/reciprocity/reciprocity_4208.html |title=Kosovo Reciprocity Schedule |access-date=2021-11-12 |archive-date=2010-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100626004400/http://travel.state.gov/visa/frvi/reciprocity/reciprocity_4208.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Chinese Travel Document===
[[File:TD PRC.jpg|thumb|upright|Chinese Travel Document]]
The Chinese Government requires certain Chinese citizens to use the [[Chinese Travel Document]] ({{zh|s=中国旅行证|p=Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Lǚxíng Zhèng}}) when entering the mainland. Circumstances in which the CTD is required include:
* When it is "inconvenient", "unnecessary", or not permitted to issue a [[People's Republic of China passport]] to Chinese nationals.<ref>{{Cite web |title="What's the difference between a Travel Document and a Passport?" |url=https://www.gov.cn/banshi/2005-06/01/content_3133.htm |access-date=2024-06-26 |website=www.gov.cn |language=zh}}</ref>
* Chinese nationals residing in [[Mainland China]] who lost their passport while travelling abroad may apply for this document as an emergency passport for returning to China.
* Chinese nationals who are permanent residents of Hong Kong and [[Macau]] intending to enter Mainland China directly from other countries without a [[Home Return Permit]].
* Taiwanese residents of the areas administered by the Republic of China{{efn|name=ROC|The area under the definition consists of:
*[[Geography of Taiwan|Taiwan]] ({{zh|t=台灣}})
*[[Penghu]] ({{zh|t=澎湖}})
*[[Kinmen]] ({{zh|t=金門|p=Jīnmén}})
*[[Matsu Islands]] ({{zh|t=馬祖列島|p=Mǎzǔ Lièdǎo}})
*[[List of islands of Taiwan|Other nearby islands]]}} intending to enter Mainland China or Hong Kong directly from other countries, who are Chinese nationals according to Chinese law. Travelling to Hong Kong, however, requires a separate application for a visa-like entry permit.
* Chinese nationals born abroad who acquired Chinese nationality at birth in accordance with the [[Nationality Law of the People's Republic of China]] through ''[[jus sanguinis]]''. The Chinese Travel Document is issued as a Chinese identification and travel document.
* Chinese nationals born in China who do not have a Hukou in China and who have exited China using an exit permit. This could include a person who holds a non-Chinese passport.

===Israeli Travel Document in lieu of a National Passport===

A [[Israeli travel document in lieu of national passport|Travel Document in Lieu of National Passport]] ({{langx|he|תעודת מעבר במקום דרכון לאומי}} ''Teudat Ma'avar bimkom Darkon Leumi'')<ref>{{Cite web |title=Travel Document in Lieu of National Passport |publisher=Embassy of the Czech Republic in Tel Aviv |website=www.mzv.cz |url=https://www.mzv.cz/telaviv/en/visa_and_consular_services/travel_document_in_lieu_of_national/index.html |access-date=2021-11-12 |archive-date=2019-09-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190908205623/http://www.mzv.cz/telaviv/en/visa_and_consular_services/travel_document_in_lieu_of_national/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> may be issued to an [[Israeli citizenship|Israeli citizen]] in a number of circumstances.{{efn|

*A new immigrant to Israel acquires Israeli nationality immediately when issued with a certificate of immigration (תעודת עולה teudat oleh) upon arrival in the country, but this nationality may be waived with retroactive effect to the moment the certificate of immigration was issued if such an application is filed with the ministry of the interior within 90 days following the issuance of the certificate of immigration. During these 90 days, a new immigrant cannot apply for an Israeli passport or travel document unless they file a waiver of the right to waive the automatic acquisition of Israeli nationality. Prior to 2017, a new immigrant could not be issued with an Israeli passport until they had resided in Israel for a period of at least 270 days following the issuance of their certificate of immigration. In 2017, this restriction was lifted when the passport act was modified by the Knesset.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Applying for an Israeli Passport|date=January 20, 2014|url=http://archive.jewishagency.org/now-youre-here/program/8611|website=The Jewish Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/new-immigrants-will-no-longer-have-to-wait-to-get-israeli-passport-497980|title=New immigrants will no longer have to wait to get Israeli passport|website=The Jerusalem Post|date=26 June 2017 }}</ref>
*Israeli citizens with criminal record.
*Israeli citizens who have lost or destroyed over three passports.
*Israeli citizens who have lost their passport during an overseas trip.
*Israeli citizens who are returning to Israel by decision of the Israeli government.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbn.org.il/aliyahpedia/government-services/post-aliyah-travel/traveling-abroad-as-a-new-oleh/ |title=Getting an Israeli Passport & Teudat Ma'avar|date=January 30, 2014}}</ref>}}

They are normally valid for two years, and not for more than five years. The issuance of travel documents instead of passports became prevalent in the 1990s as the Israeli government reacted to a wave of Russian organised crime gangs who immigrated to Israel and began using Israeli passports for their activities.<ref>{{Citation | last1 = Zaitch | first1 = D. | last2 = Bunt | first2 = H. | last3 = Siegel | first3 = D. | title = Global Organized Crime: Trends and Developments |section = Israel – The Promised Land for Russian-speaking Crime Bosses | publisher = Springer | place = Netherlands  | edition = 1st | year = 2003 |pages = 52–55 }}</ref> Individuals holding such travel documents may face greater scrutiny by border control officers overseas as well as ineligibility for visa free entry to certain jurisdictions.

<gallery>
File:Isr travel doc 1.JPG|Israeli travel document front cover
File:Isr travel doc 3.JPG|The first page within the Israeli travel document
</gallery>

==Travel documents for animals==
{{see also|Animal passport (disambiguation)}}
===Pet Travel Scheme===
{{main article|Pet passport}}
The Pet Travel Scheme (PETS) is a system which allows animals to travel easily between member countries without undergoing [[quarantine]]. A pet passport is a document that officially records information related to a specific animal, as part of that procedure. The effect is to drastically speed up and simplify travel with and transport of animals between member countries, compared to previous procedures if the regulations are followed.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=June 20, 2020|title=Pet Passports - European Union|url=https://www.aphis.usda.gov/pet-travel/another-country-to-us-import/pet-passports-european-union|website=Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service}}</ref> On 1 October 2001, the European Union introduced the PETS scheme, under which animals from any member country may freely travel to any other member country on approved carriers. PETS was originally introduced for the benefit of animals entering or returning to the United Kingdom from other European Union countries, since historically the United Kingdom had very strong controls to safeguard against [[rabies]] including a compulsory six-month [[quarantine]] period on imports of many animals.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Regen|first=Charlotte|date=2021-10-07|title=Government suspends checks for people travelling to Northern Ireland with dogs|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/uk-news/government-suspends-checks-people-travelling-21793769|access-date=2021-11-03|website=WalesOnline|language=en}}</ref> Over time the scheme has rolled out to other countries such as the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.

The pet passport itself comes in multiple forms, sometimes a pink A4 sheet, sometimes a small blue booklet. It contains the [[microchip implant (animal)|microchip]] or the tattoo number of the animal, the certification that it has had a rabies vaccination, and needs to be signed by an officially approved [[veterinary|veterinarian.]]<ref name=":0" /> A new style passport with laminated strips and additional security measures was introduced in the United Kingdom in December 2014. Old style passports remain valid.<ref>{{Cite news|title=NI vets declare a pet passport shortage just as summer arrives|url=https://www.belfastlive.co.uk/news/northern-ireland/ni-vets-declare-pet-passport-21016883}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Changes to pet passports to strengthen travel scheme|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/changes-to-pet-passports-to-strengthen-travel-scheme|access-date=2021-11-03|website=GOV.UK|date=29 December 2014 |language=en}}</ref> The passport is not to be confused with a much smaller folder (sometimes purple coloured), routinely issued by vets,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-17|title=Q&As for Pet Travel from 1 January 2021 {{!}} Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs|url=https://www.daera-ni.gov.uk/articles/qas-pet-travel-1-january-2021|access-date=2021-11-03|website=DAERA|language=en}}</ref> which records the complete vaccination history of the pet.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pet Passport - Relocation & Travel|url=https://www.ferndalekennels.com/resources/pet-passports/|access-date=2021-11-03|website=Ferndale Kennels & Cattery|language=en-US}}</ref>

Requirements for eligible animals:
* Subcutaneous (below the skin) [[Microchip implant (animal)|microchip implant]] that meets the [[International Society of Pharmacovigilance]] (SoP) specification.
* Certified [[rabies]] [[vaccine|vaccination]] and results from a [[blood]] [[serology]] test to confirm the presence of rabies antibodies. For pet travel in Europe, the rabies vaccine should be administered by a veterinarian with a minimum of 21 days before travel. Some countries may differ and always check with your local veterinarian for the procedures to follow.<ref>{{Cite web|title=How can I take my dog overseas? Your guide to pet passports, air and ferry travel|url=https://www.independent.ie/life/travel/how-can-i-take-my-dog-overseas-your-guide-to-pet-passports-air-and-ferry-travel-40772171.html|access-date=2021-11-03|website=independent|date=21 August 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
*Proof of treatment for [[tick]]s, [[flea]]s and [[tapeworm]]s  
* Veterinarian's letter or certificate confirming fitness to travel and/or no obvious signs of disease
* Government certification that the veterinarian's export documentation and certificates are in order for travel
In some countries, the formal passport is needed. Others will accept documentation in any form so long as it provides clear evidence of the procedure being followed. Usually, the animal and its papers are checked thoroughly upon both departure and arrival.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pet travel: checks on pets by transport carriers |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/pet-travel-checks-on-pets-by-transport-carriers/pet-travel-checks-on-pets-by-transport-carriers |access-date=2024-06-26 |website=GOV.UK |language=en}}</ref>

A pet passport alone can be used to enter some countries if it records all relevant information (e.g., the United Kingdom), but it will not suffice to enter many countries. For instance [[Guatemala]], in common with almost every country operating such a scheme, demands that all [[import]]ed pets have a rabies vaccination, but will not accept the pet passport as proof of said vaccination. They require the proof of the rabies vaccination in the animal's records.<ref>{{Cite web|title=How to microchip and register your pet in Dubai|url=https://gulfnews.com/living-in-uae/ask-us/how-to-microchip-and-register-your-pet-in-dubai-1.1631176268699|access-date=2021-11-03|website=gulfnews.com|date=4 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

Tapeworm treatment must be administered by a vet not less than 24 hours and not more than 120 hours (1–5 days) before scheduled arrival time.<ref name=":0" />

Specific country regulations:

*United Kingdom: The rules for bringing pets into the United Kingdom can be quite complex. The official United Kingdom Government website covers this topic in detail.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/bring-your-pet-to-great-britain|title=Bring your pet to Great Britain: step by step|access-date=7 April 2025|website=gov.uk}}</ref> Dogs, cats & ferrets with Pet Passports from EU (& some other) countries can enter the United Kingdom via specified routes and ferry companies, including the Channel Tunnel by car. Before entering the United Kingdom, most pet dogs (including assistance dogs), but not cats or ferrets, must be treated for tapeworm.<ref name="tapeworm">{{Cite web|title=Bringing your pet dog, cat or ferret to Great Britain: Tapeworm treatment for dogs|url=https://www.gov.uk/bring-pet-to-great-britain/tapeworm-treatment-dogs?step-by-step-nav=9c8e6e6d-29f7-41d3-bc31-efcf20ee0d69|access-date=7 April 2025|website=gov.uk}}</ref> The treatment must be administered by a vet not less than 24 hours and not more than 120 hours (1–5 days) before its scheduled arrival time in the United Kingdom. (There is no mandatory requirement for tick treatment.) No treatment is required for dogs entering the United Kingdom from Finland, Ireland, Norway or Malta.<ref name="tapeworm"/> All animals (except guide dogs) travelling by air to the United Kingdom must travel in the hold as manifest cargo & can only use specific airports and airlines. (Similar rules apply to pets arriving by sea, other than by specific ferry services.) British law precludes all animals entering the United Kingdom by air either in the cabin or in the hold as 'excess' or 'checked' baggage. Most airlines do not offer cargo services to individual passengers directly and specialist agents are normally used. United Kingdom law does not prohibit the transport of dogs and cats in the cabin or as hold baggage when departing from the United Kingdom, but restrictions may be imposed by individual airlines or destination countries.
*Japan: Although a participant in the PETs scheme, to bring pets into Japan from member states there are several separate procedures that must be followed. These do not cover Iceland, Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Hawaii, and Guam, which have designated region ([[rabies]] free) status. If you take a pet out of Japan, it may take between 6 months to a year for it to re-enter. Including prior contact with Japanese Quarantine several months before entry.{{efn|
* The dog or cat must be microchipped.
* The dog or cat must have stayed in the country for at least 180 days (6 months) since its birth or having left Japan.
* The dog or cat must have had 2 rabies injections and a blood test 6 month before entering/re-entering Japan, proving the pet is free of rabies. This test must be carried out at a designated laboratory.
* The dog or cat does not have or show signs of rabies or Leptospirosis (dogs only).

To take a dog or cat out of Japan, on top of the necessary injections and microchip, you must:<ref name=":1" />
* Have certificates issued by an official vet to prove that your dog/cat has been vaccinated, microchipped and wormed as necessary. These are vets designated by the prefecture as able to issue certificates and officially vaccinate your dog. 
* More than a week before travelling, notify Animal Quarantine Service at the port of departure, and apply for an export inspection for your dog/ cat. The inspection will be carried out by the Quarantine Office (Ken'eki-kyoku) before you check your pet in.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Japan Pet Passport - Current Dog and Cat Import Requirements|url=https://www.pettravel.com/immigration/Japan.cfm|access-date=2020-12-16|website=www.pettravel.com}}</ref>}}

The PETS scheme is not yet standardised. This leads to much confusion. Every journey between any two countries should be researched separately to ensure that the animal will be accepted for travel upon arrival at the departure point.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Crisp|first1=James|last2=Yorke|first2=Harry|date=2021-10-14|title='Ferret wars' new front in Northern Ireland Brexit deal battle|language=en-GB|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2021/10/14/ferret-wars-new-front-northern-ireland-brexit-deal-battle/|access-date=2021-11-03|issn=0307-1235}}</ref>

* The major delay in obtaining a pet passport is the time required for the rabies vaccination. The implications are:
*# An animal may get a valid rabies vaccination and serology check, and then apply for a passport on the spot, at a later date.
*# An animal whose rabies vaccination is allowed to go out of date (typically 1–2 years) by even one day, without a [[Booster dose|booster]], must start with a new vaccination and delay.
* Because PETS is European wide, the regulations may differ for travel within, and outside, Europe. Pet owners should take care since the requirements for travel to a destination may be quite different from the requirements upon returning.
* A suitable and carrier-approved [[crate (pet)|travel crate]] may be required, which must have the correct food and water containers as set out by the relevant bodies.
* Animals should '''not''' be sedated for air travel since altitude can affect medications. Most airlines will not accept tranquilised animals nowadays. Instead, they are kept in a dark, heated, pressurized hold, which encourages them to sleep for the duration of travel.
* Larger animals may be restricted to airline routes which can accommodate their crates. Not all airlines will carry animals, and charges vary widely – check with each airline before travel.
* Some routes will not fly animals if the temperature is adverse
* Many airlines are unable to provide details of formal procedures, you may need to check with a vet or the [[consulate]] of the relevant countries to confirm details.
* Since airline staff are often (at present) poorly trained or uncertain, and conflicting information may be provided, at present it is sensible to double check and document all information supplied.
* In airlines, animals may travel as excess baggage or [[cargo]]. "Excess baggage" (in effect treating the crate and animal as another suitcase)  ensures they travel on the same flight and is often much cheaper.
* The United Kingdom restricts incoming flights to ship animals as cargo. A cheaper alternative around this aberration in the rules is to fly to some other European city, such as [[Paris]] or [[Amsterdam]], and then travel to the United Kingdom by [[Rail transport|rail]] or [[ferry]] instead, which do not have this restriction. Passengers travelling with animals by rail or ferry to or from the United Kingdom must in many cases need to have access to a vehicle, as you cannot currently take animals directly on foot by Eurostar, and neither on most ferry routes. After arriving in Europe from a non-EU participating country, the certificate received from customs/quarantine is valid for Europe wide travel for up to 4 months, though it is best to contact [[Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs|DEFRA]] directly prior to travel.

===Horse passports===
{{main article|Horse passport}}
A horse passport is documentation that allows [[horse]]s to be accurately identified and more easily be transported internationally. In the United States, they are primarily intended for animals competing in [[International Federation for Equestrian Sports]] (FEI) events. In the United Kingdom, it is now required for all equines to have a "passport" and an animal cannot be sold without one.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weatherbys.co.uk/horse-passports|title=Weatherbys Limited - Horse Passports|work=weatherbys.co.uk|access-date=24 July 2015}}</ref>

The United Kingdom law, passed in 2003, allows owners to keep a horse from entering the food chain for [[horse slaughter|slaughter]] by signing a declaration which allows the horse to be treated with medications that are inexpensive but not appropriate for animals that will be used as food. It also means the owners will have to find a means other than slaughter to dispose of an unwanted horse.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.horsepassportagency.co.uk|title=Horse Passport Agency Ltd - Specialising in identity passports for horses|work=horsepassportagency.co.uk|access-date=24 July 2015}}</ref> All equines, including horses, ponies, donkeys and other equids, must have a passport and owners can be fined up to £5,000 if the animal does not.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/horse-passport/overview|title=Getting and using a horse passport|work=www.gov.uk|access-date=24 July 2015}}</ref>

In the United States, the [[United States Equestrian Federation]] (USEF) issues passports for FEI competition. To obtain a passport, the horse must be life-registered with the USEF, be owned by a U.S. Citizen, who must be a member of the USEF. The passport must be renewed every four years and updated if the animal changes ownership.<ref>{{cite web|title=Horse Passports 101|url=http://www.usef.org/documents/international/Passports101_2.pdf|website=usef.org|publisher=United States Equestrian Federation|access-date=24 July 2015}}</ref>

==Internal travel documents==
{{main|Border control#Internal border controls}}

In countries which maintain [[Border control#Internal border controls|internal border controls]], travel documents are required for travellers crossing internal borders.

Internal travel documents are commonly issued in minority and border regions of India and China. In India, special permits are required to travel across much of the country's north-east and requirements may vary within a given state. Special provisions are occasionally made for individuals from [[Bhutan]] or [[Nepal]] proceeding to or from their home country. Additionally, individuals arriving in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands from elsewhere in India receive passport stamps (see gallery at end of section), even though only foreigners are typically subject to permit requirements. Permits issued for minority regions in India include: 
* [[Foreigners (Protected Areas) Order 1958 (India)|Restricted Area Permits and Protected Area Permits]] for foreigners in portions of north-eastern India and the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
* [[Inner Line Permit]]s for Indian citizens

Similarly, in the [[Tibet Autonomous Region]] ([[Classical Tibetan|Tibetan]]: བོད་རང་སྐྱོང་ལྗོངས།; {{zh|s=西藏自治区}}), [[Visa policy of China#Tibet Autonomous Region|two categories]] of permits are issued:
* The Tibet Travel Permits ({{zh|s=外国人入藏函}} ''foreigners' entrance letter'') required for all foreigners (as well as Chinese citizens from the [[Republic of China]]) to enter the region
* The Alien Travel Permit required for holders of the Tibet Travel Permit to travel outside major urban and tourist areas of the region
* The Military Permit (or Border Permit)<ref name= "AITtpp"/> is required for travel to [[Ngari Prefecture|Ngari]] ([[Classical Tibetan|Tibetan]]:  མངའ་རིས་ས་ཁུལ་; {{zh|s=阿里}}), [[Nyingchi]] ([[Classical Tibetan|Tibetan]]: ཉིང་ཁྲི་ས།; {{zh|s=林芝}}), and [[Nagqu]] ([[Classical Tibetan|Tibetan]]: ནག་ཆུ།; {{zh|s=那曲}})
* Additionally, special permits are issued to nationals of India and Bhutan for religious pilgrimages to Hindu and Buddhist holy sites in the Tibet Autonomous Region.<ref name= "AITtpp">{{cite web | url=https://www.adventuresintibet.com/travel-permit-pilgrims/ | title=Apply Tibet Travel Permit for Indians & Bhutanese - Adventures in Tibet }}</ref>

Internal air and rail travel within non-autonomous portions of India and mainland China also generally require travel documents to be checked by government officials as a form of interior border checkpoint. For such travel within India, Indian citizens may utilise their [[Voter ID (India)|Voter ID]], [[Aadhaar|National Identity Card]], passport, or other proof of Indian citizenship whilst Nepali nationals may present any similar proof of Napali citizenship. Meanwhile, for such travel within mainland China, Chinese nationals from the mainland are required to use their national identity cards.

Within China, extensive border controls are also maintained for those travelling between the [[Mainland China|mainland]], [[Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China|special administrative regions]] of [[Hong Kong]] and [[Macau]], and [[Free area of the Republic of China|areas controlled by the Republic of China]].{{efn|name=ROC}} Foreign nationals need to present their passports or other required types of travel documents when travelling between these areas. For Chinese nationals (including those with [[British National (Overseas)]] status), there are special documents{{efn|For example, [[Hong Kong Permanent Identity Card]] or [[Macau Identity Card]] and [[Home Return Permit]] ({{zh|s=回乡证|t=回鄉證|p=Huíxiāngzhèng}}) are required for Hong Kong or Macau Permanent Residents who are Chinese citizens to cross the border, whilst mainlanders require a [[Exit-Entry Permit for Travelling to and from Hong Kong and Macau|Two-Way Permit]] ({{zh|s=双程证}}).}} for travel between these territories. Similar arrangements exist for travel between territories controlled by the [[Republic of China]] and territories controlled by the [[People's Republic of China]].{{efn|Documents required for travel between the PRC and ROC are:
*The [[Mainland Travel Permit for Taiwan Residents]] ({{zh|s=台胞证|t=臺胞證|p=Táibāozhèng}}) issued by the PRC for entry to the mainland, which is also valid but not mandatory for entry to Hong Kong and Macau
*The [[Exit & Entry Permit for Taiwan|Taiwan Entry Permit]] ({{zh|s=入臺證|t=入臺證|p=Rùtáizhèngg}}) issued to mainlanders by the ROC
*The [[Exit & Entry Permit for Taiwan|Kinmen-Matsu Permit]] ({{zh|first=t|t=金馬證|s=金马证|p=JīnMǎ zhèng|poj=Kim-Má-chèng}}) issued to residents of [[Kinmen]] and [[Matsu Islands|Matsu]] (ROC-administered territories in [[Fujian Province, Republic of China|Fujian]] as well as [[Penghu]] for travel to and from the mainland.}} Internal border controls in China have also resulted in the creation of special permits allowing Chinese citizens to immigrate to or reside in other immigration areas within the country. The following documents are currently issued for this purpose:
* For mainlanders emigrating to either of the two Special Administrative Regions, authorities in the mainland issue the [[People's Republic of China Permit for Proceeding to Hong Kong and Macao|One Way Travel Permit]] ({{zh|c=单程证|p=Dānchéngzhèng}}). As the policy is designed to curtail [[emigration]] from the mainland rather than immigration to either SAR, issuance is exclusively the responsibility of authorities in the mainland.
* Since September 2018, authorities in the mainland have issued the [[Residence Permit for Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan Residents]] ({{zh|s=港澳台居民居住证|p=Gǎng-Aò-Tái Jūmín Jūzhùzhèng}}) authorising Chinese citizens from Hong Kong, Macau, and areas administered by the Republic of China to reside in the mainland. The permit is designed to resemble the national identity card issued to individuals with [[hukou|household registration]] in the mainland and enables holders to access public and private sector services that require a national identity card number.

In Malaysia, where an arrangement was agreed upon during the formation of the country, the [[East Malaysia]]n states of [[Sabah]] and [[Sarawak]] were allowed to retain their respective immigration control systems. Therefore, a passport is required for foreign visitors when travelling from [[Peninsular Malaysia]] to East Malaysia, as well as moving between Sabah and Sarawak. For social/business visits not more than 3 months, Peninsular Malaysians are required to produce a [[Malaysian identity card|MyKad]] or, for children below 12 years a [[birth certificate]], and obtain a special immigration printout form to be kept until departure.<ref>[http://www.imi.gov.my/index.php/en/main-services/travel-document/document-in-lieu-of-internal-travel-document Document In Lieu of Internal Travel Document IMM.114] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002730/http://www.imi.gov.my/index.php/en/main-services/travel-document/document-in-lieu-of-internal-travel-document |date=2016-03-04 }}, Immigration Department of Malaysia; retrieved 26 March 2014</ref> However, one may present a [[Malaysian passport]] or a Restricted Travel Document and get an entry stamp on the travel document to avoid the hassle of keeping an extra sheet of paper. For other purposes, Peninsular Malaysians are required to have a long-term residence permit along with a passport or a Restricted Travel Document.

Prior to 2016, [[Norfolk Island]], one of [[States and territories of Australia|Australia's external, self-governing territories]], maintained its own immigration controls. Until 2018, Australian and New Zealand citizens travelling to the territory were required to carry a passport, or an [[Australian Document of Identity]], while people of other nationalities must also have a valid Australian visa and/or [[Permanent Resident of Norfolk Island visa]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.norfolkisland.com.au/general-info/customs-a-immigration |title=NorfolkIsland.com |access-date=2016-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204063337/https://www.norfolkisland.com.au/general-info/customs-a-immigration |archive-date=2016-02-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Additionally, some states issue [[internal passport]] as an [[identity document]]. An example is the [[internal passport of Russia]] or certain other post-Soviet countries dating back to imperial times. Some countries use internal passports for controlling migration within a country. In some countries, the ''international passport'' or ''passport for travel abroad'' is a second passport, in addition to the internal passport, required for a citizen to travel abroad within the country of residence.
Separate passports for travel abroad existed or exist in the following countries:
*[[Russia]]: see [[Internal passport of Russia]]
*[[Ukraine]]: see [[Ukrainian identity card#Previous internal passport (1992-2016)]]
*In the [[Soviet Union]], there were several types of international passport: an ordinary one, a civil service passport, a diplomatic passport, and a sailor's passport. See [[Passport system in the Soviet Union]].
*Countries of the [[Eastern Bloc]] had a system of internal/international passports similar to that of the Soviet Union.

<gallery>
File:RAP Immigration Stamp.JPG|Domestic Immigration stamp permitting entry into the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in India
File:People's Republic of China Permit for Proceeding to Hong Kong and Macao.jpg|Sample of a One Way Travel Permit for internal emigration from mainland China to Hong Kong or Macau
File:Republic of China Multiple Exit and Entry Permit (China Mainland Citizen).jpg|Data page of a booklet type [[Exit & Entry Permit for Taiwan|internal travel document]] issued by Taiwan authorities to a Mainland Chinese resident
File:Sabah Visitor Pass.jpg|Document In Lieu of Internal Travel Document (IMM.114) given to West Malaysian citizens entering the state of [[Sabah]] using [[Malaysian identity card]] for social and business visits. The form must be returned to the immigration officer upon departure from Sabah.
File:Malaysia entry stamp.jpg|Malaysian entry stamps specify which jurisdictions (i.e. West or Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, and Sarawak) the bearer is permitted to enter, and there are immigration checks when entering each.
File:Entrance to Shenzhen Bay Port Passenger Terminal.jpg|The entrance to the building of the [[Shenzhen Bay Control Point]], an internal border checkpoint between Hong Kong and the Chinese mainland
File:Tibet Travel Permit for foreigners (cropped).jpg|The Tibet Travel Permit, required to enter the [[Tibet Autonomous Region]], is an example of internal border controls in minority regions of China and India. Other similar documents include Restricted Area Permits and Protected Area permits primarily issued to enter India's northeast.
File:Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan residents' residence permit.jpg|Front and back of [[Residence Permit for Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan Residents|mainland residence permits]] for Chinese citizens from Hong Kong and Macau (left) and Chinese citizens from areas administered by the Republic of China (right)
File:Biometric Two-way Permit (Front).jpg|[[Exit-Entry Permit for Travelling to and from Hong Kong and Macau|Internal travel document]] issued to Chinese citizens from the mainland for travel to and from Hong Kong and Macau
</gallery>

==International travel without travel documents==
[[File:TorresStraitIslandsMap.png|thumb|The [[Torres Strait]] separating [[Australia]] and [[Papua New Guinea]]]]
International travel is possible without travel documents in some circumstances.<ref name=Timatic_olympicair>[https://www.olympicair.com/en/Info/Timatic PASSPORT & VISA REQUIREMENTS] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803011639/https://www.olympicair.com/en/Info/Timatic |date=2017-08-03 }} (Timatic, through olympicair.com)</ref> Nonetheless, a document stating citizenship, such as a [[national identity card]] or an [[Enhanced Drivers License|Enhanced Driving Licence]], is usually required.<ref name=Timatic_olympicair/>

The [[Kartarpur Corridor]] allows devotees from India to visit the gurdwara in Kartarpur, 4.7 kilometres (2.9 miles) from the India–Pakistan border on the Pakistani side without a passport<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/no-need-for-passport-for-sikh-pilgrims-visiting-kartarpur-pakistan-pm/articleshow/71847069.cms?from=mdr|title=No need for passport for Sikh pilgrims visiting Kartarpur: Pakistan PM|publisher=Times of India|date=1 November 2019}}</ref> or a visa.
Residents of nine coastal villages in [[Papua New Guinea]] are permitted to enter the 'Protected Zone' of the [[Torres Strait]]  (part of [[Queensland]], [[Australia]]) for traditional purposes. This exemption from passport control is part of a treaty between Australia and Papua New Guinea negotiated when PNG became independent from Australia in 1975.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/torres_strait/index.html|title=Torres Strait Treaty and You - What is free movement for traditional activities?|publisher=Australian Government = Dept. of Foreign Affairs and Trade|access-date=3 March 2010|archive-date=13 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413221839/http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/torres_strait/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Vessels from other parts of Papua New Guinea and other countries attempting to cross into Australia or Australian waters are stopped by [[Australian Customs and Border Protection Service|Australian Customs]] or the [[Royal Australian Navy]].

Travel documents are not needed by citizens of [[India]] and [[Nepal]] to travel to each other's country, but some identification is required for border crossings and citizens from either country are not necessarily required to be inspected at checkpoints, though foreign nationals are required to comply with each country's visa policy. Similarly, Travel with minimal travel documents is possible between the United Kingdom, the [[Isle of Man]], [[Guernsey]], [[Jersey]], and Ireland, which together form the [[Common Travel Area]].

The countries that are part of the [[Schengen Area]], do not implement passport controls between each other, unless exceptional circumstances occur. It is, however, mandatory to carry a passport, compliant national identity card, alien's resident permit or some other photo ID.

The [[Nordic Passport Union]] allows Nordic citizens, i.e. citizens of Denmark (including the Faroe Islands), Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden to visit any of these countries without being in possession of identity documents (Greenland and Svalbard are excluded).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Den nordiska passkontrollöverenskommelsen {{!}} Nordic cooperation |url=https://www.norden.org/sv/treaties-and-agreements/den-nordiska-passkontrolloverenskommelsen |access-date=2024-06-27 |website=www.norden.org |language=sv}}</ref> This is an extension of the principle that Nordic citizens need no identity document in their own country. A means to prove identity when requested is recommended (e.g. using a driver's licence, which does not state citizenship), even in one's own country. Joining the Schengen Area in 2001 has not changed those rules.

For travel to the French islands of [[Saint Pierre and Miquelon]] directly from Canada, Canadians and foreign nationals holding Canadian identification documents are exempted from travel document and visa requirements for stays of maximum duration of 3 months within a period of 6 months.

===''De facto'' travel documents===
{{See also|Common Travel Area}}
De facto travel documents are documents which in practice will be sufficient to cross borders legally, but with no legal status as a travel document. These are necessary in practice in areas in which travel documents are not expressly required for nationals of part
Within the [[Common Travel Area#Identity and immigration checks|Border Controls in the Common Travel Area]], travel between [[Ireland]], the [[United Kingdom]], the [[Crown Dependencies|British Crown Dependencies]], [[Isle of Man]] and [[Channel Islands]], no travel documents are required by British or Irish citizens. As this requirement does not hold for others, these citizens have to establish the presumption of having this nationality, which requires in practice some form of identification. The documents used for this purpose (most notably: driving licence) are thus ''de facto'' travel documents. Some airlines still require passport from CTA citizens.

The [[Nordic Passport Union]] means that [[Nordic countries|Nordic]] citizens (of Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Finland and Iceland) can stay in all those countries (on the paper) without any I.D., in the same way as in the home country. In reality an I.D. card is needed for travel and other situations, and any Nordic I.D. card is valid in the area for travel purposes (but not for residence, e.g. banking or authority contacts).

==Other means of identification==
Strictly speaking, it is not necessary for an [[Citizenship of the European Union|EU]], [[European Economic Area|EEA]] or [[Swiss nationality law|Swiss]] citizen to possess a valid travel document (such as a [[National identity cards in the European Union|national identity card]] or [[Passports of the European Union|passport]]) to enjoy the [[Directive 2004/38/EC on the right to move and reside freely|right of free movement]] in the EU, EEA and [[Switzerland]]. In theory, if an EU, EEA or Swiss citizen can prove their nationality by 'any other means' (e.g., by presenting an expired national identity card or passport, or a citizenship certificate), they must be permitted to enter and reside in the EU, EEA and Switzerland without a visa. An EU citizen who is unable to demonstrate their nationality satisfactorily must nonetheless be given 'every reasonable opportunity' to obtain the necessary documents or to have them delivered within a reasonable period of time.<ref>Article 6.3.2 of the Practical Handbook for Border Guards ([http://register.consilium.europa.eu/pdf/en/06/st15/st15010.en06.pdf C (2006) 5186])</ref><ref>Judgement of the [[European Court of Justice]] [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:62003CJ0215:EN:HTML of 17 February 2005, Case C 215/03, Salah Oulane vs. Minister voor Vreemdelingenzaken en Integratie]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ukba.homeoffice.gov.uk/sitecontent/documents/policyandlaw/borderforce/primary-checkpoint/initial-examination/uk-eea-no-passport.pdf?view=Binary|title=UK Border Force Operations Manual: Processing British and EEA Passengers without a valid Passport or Travel Document|url-status=dead|archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20120808141830/http%3A//www.ukba.homeoffice.gov.uk/sitecontent/documents/policyandlaw/borderforce/primary%2Dcheckpoint/initial%2Dexamination/uk%2Deea%2Dno%2Dpassport.pdf?view%3DBinary|archive-date=2012-08-08}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Chinese Travel Document]]
* [[Identity document]]
* [[Immigration law]]
* [[Interpol Travel Document]]
* [[Passport]]
* [[PRADO – Public Register of Travel and Identity Documents Online]] – for European travel documents
* [[Refugee travel document]]
* [[Travel visa]]
* [[U.S. Re-entry Permit]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{Cite book|title=Statutory Instrument 2004 No. 2364: The Rabies (Importation of Dogs, Cats and Other Mammals) (England) (Amendment) Order 2004|date=2004-09-17|publisher=Office of Public Sector Information|isbn=978-0-11-049813-3 |url=http://www.opsi.gov.uk/SI/si2004/20042364.htm}}

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage|Travelling with pets}}
*[https://www.uscis.gov/i-131 I-131, Application for Travel Documents, Parole Documents, and Arrival/Departure Records]
*[https://www.consilium.europa.eu/prado/EN/prado-start-page.html PRADO – Public Register of Authentic Identity and Travel Documents Online, Council of the European Union]
* [https://food.ec.europa.eu/animals/movement-pets_en Movement of Pets, European Commission]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070702065258/http://www.defra.gov.uk/animalh/quarantine/quarantine/regulation/eu_reg_qa.htm European Regulation on the non-commercial movement of pet animal - questions and answers]
* [[wikihow:Ship-a-Pet-to-the-UK|Ship-a-Pet-to-the-UK]] at wikiHow
*[https://howto.fei.org/content/7/39/en/how-to-issue-a-fei-passport.html How to issue a FEI Passport]

{{identity cards}}
{{passports}}
{{tourism}}
{{Visa policy by country}}
{{Visa Requirements}}

[[Category:International travel documents| ]]
[[Category:Identity documents]]
[[Category:International border crossings]]
[[Category:International relations]]
[[Category:Passports]]
[[Category:Visas]]