View source for Trappists

{{Short description|Roman Catholic religious order}}
{{Redirect|Trappist}}
{{Redirect|OCSO}}
{{Infobox organization
|name = Order of Cistercians of the Strict Observance
|native_name = Ordo Cisterciensis Strictioris Observantiae
|native_name_lang = la
|logo = Trappist website logo 2018.png
|logo_size = 160px
|logo_caption = Logo of the Trappists
|image = Armand Bouthillier Rance.jpg
|size = 200px
|caption = [[Armand Jean le Bouthillier de Rancé]], the founder of the Trappists
|abbreviation = OCSO
|formation = {{start date and age|1664}}
|founder = [[Armand Jean le Bouthillier de Rancé]]
|founding_location = [[La Trappe Abbey]]
|headquarters = Viale Africa, 33<br /> [[Rome]], [[Italy]]
|type = [[Catholic religious order]]
|leader_title = Abbot General
|leader_name = Bernardus Peeters
|parent_organization = [[Catholic Church]]
|website = {{URL|https://ocso.org}}
}}

The '''Trappists''', officially known as the '''Order of Cistercians of the Strict Observance''' ({{langx|la|Ordo Cisterciensis Strictioris Observantiae}}, abbreviated as '''OCSO''') and originally named the '''Order of Reformed Cistercians of Our Lady of La Trappe''',<ref>{{Cite book|title=Cistercian Europe: Architecture of Contemplation|last=Kinder|first=Terryl N.|date=19 Apr 2002|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing|isbn=9780802838872|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cistercianeurope2002kind/page/50 50]|quote=... the Order of the Reformed Cistercians of Our Lady of La Trappe (today called the Cistercian Order of the Strict Observance [O.C.S.O.], popularly known as the Trappists and Trappistines) was founded in 1892.|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/cistercianeurope2002kind/page/50}}</ref> are a [[Religious order (Catholic)|Catholic religious order]] of [[enclosed religious orders|cloistered]] [[Monasticism|monastics]] that branched off from the [[Cistercians]]. They follow the [[Rule of Saint Benedict]] and have communities of both [[monk]]s and [[nun]]s that are known as Trappists and Trappistines, respectively. They are named after [[La Trappe Abbey]], the monastery from which the movement and religious order originated. The movement began with the reforms that Abbot [[Armand Jean le Bouthillier de Rancé]] introduced in 1664, later leading to the creation of Trappist [[Congregation (group of houses)|congregations]], and eventually the formal constitution as a separate religious order in 1892.

== History ==
The order takes its name from [[La Trappe Abbey]] or ''La Grande Trappe'', located in the French province of [[Normandy]], where the reform movement began. [[Armand Jean le Bouthillier de Rancé]], originally the [[commendatory abbot]] of La Trappe, led the reform. As commendatory abbot, de Rancé was a secular individual who obtained income from the monastery but was not a professed monk and otherwise had no monastic obligations. The second son of Denis Bouthillier, a [[Conseiller d'État (France)|Councillor of State]], he possessed considerable wealth and was earmarked for an ecclesiastical career as [[coadjutor bishop]] to the [[Archbishop of Tours]]. However, after undergoing a conversion of life between 1660 and 1662, de Rancé renounced his possessions, formally joined the abbey, and became its regular abbot in 1663.<ref>{{Cite CE1913|id=12639a|title=Jean-Armand le Bouthillier de Rancé|access-date=2 June 2019|first=Edmond|last=Obrecht}}</ref>[[Image:Orval church etychon 200611.jpg|thumb|[[Orval Abbey]] in Belgium|alt=|left]]In 1664, in reaction to the relaxation of practices in many Cistercian [[monasteries]], de Rancé introduced an austere reform.<ref name="pennington">{{cite web |url=http://www.osb.org/cist/intro.html |author=M. Basil Pennington, OCSO |title=The Cistercians: An Introductory History |publisher=The Order of Saint Benedict |access-date=2008-01-01 |archive-date=2010-04-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100407002750/http://www.osb.org/cist/intro.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} De Rancé's reform was first and foremost centered on penitence; it prescribed hard manual labour, silence, a meagre diet, isolation from the world, and renunciation of most studies. The hard labour was in part a penitential exercise, in part a way of keeping the monastery self-supportive so that communication with the world might be kept at a minimum. This movement spread to many other Cistercian monasteries, which took up de Rancé's reforms. In time, these monasteries also spread and created new foundations of their own. These monasteries called themselves "Trappist" in reference to La Trappe, the source and origin of their reforms.

In 1792, during the [[French Revolution]], La Trappe Abbey, like all other monasteries at the time, was confiscated by the French government and the Trappists expelled. [[Augustin de Lestrange]], a monk of La Trappe at that time, led a number of monks to establish a new monastery in the ruined and unroofed former Carthusian [[Charterhouse (monastery)|charterhouse]] of [[La Valsainte Charterhouse|Val-Sainte]] in the [[Canton of Fribourg]], [[Switzerland]], where the monks subsequently carried out an even more austere reform practising the ancient observances of [[Benedict of Nursia]] and the first usages of [[Cîteaux]]. In 1794, [[Pope Pius VI]] raised Val-Sainte to the status of an abbey and motherhouse of the Trappists, and Dom Augustin was elected the first abbot of the abbey and the leader of the Trappist congregation. However, in 1798, when the French invaded Switzerland, the monks were again exiled and had to roam different countries seeking to establish a new home, until Dom Augustin and his monks of Val-Sainte were finally able to re-establish a community in La Trappe.<ref name=":0">{{Cite CE1913|id=15024a|title=Trappists|access-date=2 June 2019|first=Edmond|last=Obrecht}}</ref>

In 1834, the [[Holy See]] formed all French monasteries into the Congregation of the Cistercian Monks of Notre-Dame de la Trappe, with the abbot of La Trappe being the [[vicar general]] of the congregation. However, there were differences in observances between the dependencies of Val-Sainte and those of Notre-Dame de l'Eternité, an abbey itself founded by Val-Sainte in 1795. This led to two different Trappist congregations being formed by decree of the [[Holy See]] in 1847. These were named the 'Ancient Reform of Our Lady of La Trappe' and the 'New Reform of Our Lady of La Trappe', the former following the Constitutions of de Rancé, with the latter following the Rule of Saint Benedict combined with the ancient constitution of Cîteaux, except in a few areas prescribed by the Holy See in the same decree.<ref name=":0" />

In 1892, seeking unity among the different Trappist observances, the Trappist congregations left the Cistercian Order entirely and merged to form a new order with the approval of [[Pope Leo XIII]] named the 'Order of Reformed Cistercians of Our Lady of La Trappe', formalising their identity and spirituality as a separate monastic community.<ref>{{cite web |author=OCist.Hu - A Ciszterci Rend Zirci Apátsága |url=http://www.ocist.hu/index.php?lid=2&cid=4 |title=History |publisher=OCist.Hu |date=2002-12-31 |access-date=2011-03-09 |archive-date=2020-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200624204307/https://www.ocist.hu/index.php?lid=2&cid=4 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1909, the Trappists of [[Mariannhill]] were separated from the rest of the Trappist Order by decree of the Holy See to form the [[Congregation of Mariannhill Missionaries]].<ref name="OSV">{{cite web|url=https://www.osv.com/OSVNewsweekly/ByIssue/Article/TabId/735/ArtMID/13636/ArticleID/4036/How-one-monk-changed-the-South-African-landscape.aspx|title=How one monk changed the South African landscape|author=Denny-Dimitriou, Julia|date=Nov 23, 2010|work=[[OSV Newsweekly]]|access-date=June 26, 2016|archive-date=February 20, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220063331/https://www.osv.com/OSVNewsweekly/ByIssue/Article/TabId/735/ArtMID/13636/ArticleID/4036/How-one-monk-changed-the-South-African-landscape.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>

A well-known Trappist theologian was [[Thomas Merton]], a prominent author in the [[mysticism|mystic]] tradition and a noted poet and social and literary critic. He entered the [[Abbey of Gethsemani]] in 1941 where his writings and letters to world leaders became some of the most widely read spiritual and social works of the 20th century. Merton's widely read works include his autobiography, ''[[The Seven Storey Mountain]]'', as well as ''New Seeds of Contemplation'' and ''No Man is an Island''.

The first Trappist to be canonized was [[Rafael Arnáiz Barón]], who was a [[Oblate#Conventual oblates|conventual oblate]] of the Abbey of San Isidro de Dueñas in [[Dueñas, Palencia]]. His defining characteristic was his intense devotion to a religious life and personal piety despite the setbacks of his affliction with [[diabetes mellitus]]. He died in 1938, aged 27 from complications of diabetes, was beatified in 1992 by [[Pope John Paul II]] and canonized in 2009 by [[Pope Benedict XVI]].

== Monastic life ==
[[File:Trappists, Kentucky Library of Congress Pictures.jpg|thumb|Monks of the [[Abbey of Our Lady of Gethsemani]] in the early 20th century]]
Trappists, like the [[Benedictines]] and [[Cistercians]] from whom they originate, follow the Rule of Saint Benedict. "Strict Observance" refers to the Trappists' goal of following the Rule closely. They take the three vows described in the Rule (c. 58): stability, fidelity to monastic life, and obedience.
[[File:Terce at the Church of the Hermitage of Saint Mary Rawaseneng 2.JPG|thumb|Trappist monks in Pertapaan Rawaseneng, Indonesia, praying [[Terce]]]]
Benedict's precept to minimize conversation means that Trappists generally speak only when necessary; thus idle talk is strongly discouraged. However, contrary to popular belief, they do not take a [[vow of silence]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=FAQ's : Order of Cistercians of the Strict Observance: OCSO |url=https://ocso.org/who-we-are/faqs/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511210854/https://ocso.org/who-we-are/faqs/ |archive-date=2024-05-11 |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=ocso.org |language=en}}</ref> According to Benedict, speech disturbs a disciple's quietude and receptivity, and may tempt one to exercise one's own will instead of the will of God. Speech that leads to unkind amusement or laughter is considered evil and is forbidden.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.osb.org/rb/text/rbejms3.html#6 |title=OSB. Rule of Benedict : Text, English, Jan May Sep 3/3 |publisher=Osb.org |date=2006-05-06 |access-date=2011-03-09 |archive-date=2011-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524093807/http://www.osb.org/rb/text/rbejms3.html#6 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A Trappist sign language, one of several [[monastic sign language]]s, was developed to render speaking unnecessary. Meals are usually taken in contemplative silence as Trappists listen to a reading.<ref>[[Rule of St. Benedict]], c. 38: ''Reading must not be wanting at the table of the brethren when they are eating''. The 1949 Edition Translated by Rev. Boniface Verheyen, OSB.</ref>

Unlike the Benedictines and Cistercians,<ref>{{citation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hLlmbc1P0R4C |title=Please Don't Eat the Animals |author1=Jennifer Horsman |author2=Jaime Flowers |publisher=Quill Driver Books |year=2006 |isbn=9781884956607 |page=10 |postscript=.}}</ref><ref>{{citation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OxV87Fup-SUC |title=The Benedictine Handbook |editor=Anthony Marett-Crosby |publisher=Hymns Ancient and Modern Ltd |year=2003 |isbn=9781853114991 |page=331 |postscript=.}}</ref> Trappists fully abstain from "flesh meats" (pig, cattle, sheep, venison, etc), described by Saint Benedict as "four-footed animals".<ref name="Diet">{{citation |url=http://www.trappists.org/visitor-questions/can-i-maintain-my-own-dietary-discipline-trappist |title=Can I maintain my own dietary discipline as a Trappist? |publisher=Order of Cistercians of the Strict Observance |access-date=2016-05-13 |archive-date=2016-11-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104190741/http://www.trappists.org/visitor-questions/can-i-maintain-my-own-dietary-discipline-trappist |url-status=dead }}</ref> However, they generally do not live as strict [[vegetarian]]s, as they consume poultry, fish and seafood, though their diet mostly consists of vegetables, beans, and grain products.<ref name="Diet" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.trappists.org/newcomers/monastic-discipline/lifestyle|title=A Newcomer's Guide to the Trappists {{!}} Becoming a Trappist Monk or Nun|website=www.trappists.org|access-date=2017-06-19|archive-date=2017-06-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626215956/http://www.trappists.org/newcomers/monastic-discipline/lifestyle|url-status=dead}}</ref> Some monasteries also raise [[Broiler|broiler chickens]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Farm |url=https://www.calvaryabbey.com/the-farm/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912131959/https://www.calvaryabbey.com/the-farm/ |archive-date=September 12, 2022 |access-date=September 12, 2022 |website=[[Notre Dame du Calvaire Abbey|Our Lady of Calvary Abbey]] |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Daily life===

The [[Liturgy of the Hours]] is the foundation of every Trappist's life. However, the details of daily life can vary from community to community and based on the [[Liturgical year|liturgical calendar]]. The following schedule is a representative summary of a Trappist's daily life.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Daily Life - Trappist Monastery, Moncks Corner, South Carolina |url=https://mepkinabbey.org/our-daily-life/ |access-date=2022-12-08 |website=Mepkin Abbey |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Daily Schedule – New Melleray |url=https://newmelleray.org/schedule/daily-schedule/ |access-date=2022-12-08 |language=en-US}}</ref>

*3:30 AM | Rise
*4:00 AM | [[Vigil (liturgy)|Vigils]] followed by Meditation, [[Lectio Divina]] or private prayer
*5:30 AM | Breakfast available
*6:30 AM | [[Lauds]]
*7:30 AM | [[Eucharist]] ([[Mass in the Catholic Church|Mass]]) (10:00 AM on Sundays)
*8:00 AM | Great Silence Ends
*8:30 AM | [[Liturgy of the Hours|Terce]]
*9:00 AM | Morning work period begins
*12:00 PM | [[Sext]]
*12:15 PM | Dinner
*12:45 PM | Rest
*1:30 PM | [[Liturgy of the Hours|None]]
*1:45 PM | Afternoon work period begins
*5:00 PM | Supper
*6:00 PM | [[Vespers]]
*7:30 PM | [[Compline]]
*8:00 PM | Grand Silence Begins & Retire

[[File:Mariawald zelle lectio 2007-08-20 bmd.jpg|thumb|A Trappist novice reading at his desk]]
[[File:Trappist praying 2007-08-20 dti.jpg|thumb|A Trappist novice kneeling at a crucifix]]

=== Becoming a Trappist ===
Though each monastery is autonomous and may have different rules, generally the stages to enter the Trappist life can be described as follows:<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.ocso.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=51&Itemid=61&lang=en |title=Becoming a monk or nun |publisher=Ordo Cisterciensis Strictioris Observantiae |postscript=. |access-date=2016-04-28 |archive-date=2016-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160521062701/http://www.ocso.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=51&Itemid=61&lang=en |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Candidate/observership: candidates or observers visit a monastery and consult the vocation director and/or the superior to help them discern their vocation. Usually they will be asked to live in the monastery for a short period of time, at least one month.
* [[Postulancy]]: candidates live as a member of the monastery as a postulant for some months and are guided by the novice director.
* [[Novitiate]]: postulants will be clothed with the monastic habit and are formally received as a member of this order. Novices are still guided by the novice director, and they undergo this stage for two years.
* After novitiate, novices may take temporary [[Religious vows|vows]]. They will live this stage for three to nine years to deepen study, practicing the Gospel in the monastic way and integration within the society.
* After finishing the previous stage, the professed members may take final vows for their entire life.

=== Manual labor ===
The 48th chapter of the Rule of St. Benedict states "for then are they monks in truth, if they live by the work of their hands".<ref name='benedict_rule48'>{{cite web |url=http://www.ccel.org/ccel/benedict/rule2/files/rule2.html#ch48 |title=The Rule of St. Benedict |publisher=Ccel.org |access-date=2011-03-09 |archive-date=2007-01-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070103202915/http://www.ccel.org/ccel/benedict/rule2/files/rule2.html#ch48 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Thus, the life of a Trappist monk is centered on manual labor in addition to their spiritual activities. In addition to the tangible results of manual labor, which goes to support the economy of the community and the poor, the monk's work also contributes and reinforces the monk's and community's spiritual growth.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Work – New Melleray |url=https://newmelleray.org/work-4/ |access-date=2022-12-08 |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208033805/https://newmelleray.org/work-4/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The goods produced range from [[:Category:Trappist cheeses|cheeses]], bread and other foodstuffs to clothing and coffins. Their most famous products are [[Trappist beer]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://99percentinvisible.org/post/24136733632/episode-55-the-best-beer-in-the-world|title=The Best Beer in the World|work=99% Invisible|access-date=8 October 2015|archive-date=20 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130820000310/http://99percentinvisible.org/post/24136733632/episode-55-the-best-beer-in-the-world|url-status=dead}}</ref> These are a unique category within the beer world,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://beer.about.com/od/beerstyles/f/What-Are-Trappist-Beers.htm|title=What are Trappist beers?|author=Bryce Eddings|work=About.com Food|access-date=8 October 2015|archive-date=6 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906111254/http://beer.about.com/od/beerstyles/f/What-Are-Trappist-Beers.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> and are lauded for their high quality and flavor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://shop.belgianshop.com/acatalog/buy-online-book-trappist-the-seven-magnificent-beers.html|title=TRAPPIST - THE SEVEN MAGNIFICENT BEERS|work=BelgianShop Online|access-date=8 October 2015|archive-date=5 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305030319/http://shop.belgianshop.com/acatalog/buy-online-book-trappist-the-seven-magnificent-beers.html|url-status=live}}</ref> These monasteries brew beer both for the monks themselves and for sale to the general public. Trappist beers are bottle conditioned, containing residual sugars and living yeast to improve with age.<ref name="Beerhunter">{{cite web |url=http://www.beerhunter.com/documents/19133-000107.html |title=Michael Jackson's Beer Hunter - Chastity, poverty and a pint |publisher=Beerhunter.com |access-date=2011-03-09 |archive-date=2022-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526202206/https://beerhunter.com/documents/19133-000107.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Trappist monks of the [[Tre Fontane Abbey]] raise the lambs whose wool is used to make the [[pallium|pallia]] of new [[metropolitan bishop|metropolitan archbishops]]. The pope blesses the pallia on the [[Feast of Saints Peter and Paul]]; the metropolitan archbishops receive those pallia in a separate ceremony within their home dioceses from the hands of the apostolic nuncio, who personally represents the pope in their respective countries.

The monks of [[New Melleray Abbey]] in rural [[Peosta, Iowa]] produce caskets for both themselves and for sale to the public.

[[Cistercian College, Roscrea]], a boys' boarding secondary school in Ireland, is the only Trappist school left in the world, and one of only two remaining monastic secondary schools in Ireland.

== Saints, Blesseds, and other holy people ==
'''Saints'''

* [[Rafael Arnaiz Barón|Rafael (Maria Rafael) Arnáiz Barón]] (9 April 1911 - 26 April 1938), oblate, canonized on 11 October 2009.

'''Blesseds'''

* [[Rochefort martyrs|Augustin-Joseph (Élie) Desgardin]] (21 December 1750 - 6 July 1794), Martyr of the French Revolution, beatified on 1 October 1995. 
* [[Rochefort martyrs|Gervais-Protais Brunel]] (18 June 1744 - 20 August 1794), Martyr of the French Revolution, beatified on 1 October 1995. 
* [[Rochefort martyrs|Paul-Jean Charles]] (29 September 1743 - 25 August 1794),  Martyr of the French Revolution, beatified on 1 October 1995. 
* [[Pierre-Joseph Cassant]] (6 March 1878 – 17 June 1903), priest, beatified on 3 October 2004.
* [[Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War|Pio Heredia Zubia and 15 Companions]] (died between 28 July to 31 December 1936), Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War, beatified on 3 October 2015.
* [[Maria Gabriella Sagheddu]] (17 March 1914 – 23 April 1939), nun, beatified on 25 January 1983.
* [[Cyprian Michael Iwene Tansi]] (c. September 1903 – 20 January 1964), Nigerian priest, beatified on 22 March 1998
* [[Murder of the monks of Tibhirine|Christian de Cherge and 6 Companions]] (died 21 May 1996), martyred during the Algerian Civil War, beatified on 8 December 2018.

'''Venerables'''

* [[Romano Bottegal]] (28 December 1921 - 19 February 1978), priest, declared Venerable on 9 December 2013.

'''Servants of God'''

* Joseph (Alois) Bley (25 January 1865 - 13 August 1904), martyred in Papua New Guinea<ref>{{Cite web |title=1904 |url=http://newsaints.faithweb.com/year/1904.htm |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=newsaints.faithweb.com}}</ref>
* [[Franz Pfanner|Wendelin (Franz) Pfanner]] (21 September 1825 – 24 May 1909), [[Abbot]] of Mariannhill Abbey and founder of the Missionary Sisters of the Precious Blood and [[Mariannhillers|Congregation of the Missionaries of Mariannhill]], declared as a Servant of God on 8 April 2013.
* André (Marie-Emmanuel) Robial (25 October 1884 - 9 October 1937), Martyr of China from the Diocese of Zhengding, declared as a Servant of God in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |title=China (4) |url=http://newsaints.faithweb.com/martyrs/China4.htm |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=newsaints.faithweb.com}}</ref>
* Chrysostomus Chang and 32 Companions (died between 15 August 1947 to c. April 1948), Martyrs of China from the Monastery of Yangjiaping<ref>{{Cite web |title=China (5) |url=http://newsaints.faithweb.com/martyrs/China5.htm |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=newsaints.faithweb.com}}</ref>
* Zacarías Santamaría Aramendía (10 June 1907 - 20 August 1986), professed religious, declared as a Servant of God on 14 December 2002<ref>{{Cite web |title=1986 |url=http://newsaints.faithweb.com/year/1986.htm |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=newsaints.faithweb.com}}</ref>
* Anselm (Abraham) Isidahome Ojefua (15 January 1910 - 28 July 1988), Nigerian priest and founder of the Knights of Saint Mulumba, declared as a Servant of God on 28 October 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1988 |url=http://newsaints.faithweb.com/year/1988.htm |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=newsaints.faithweb.com}}</ref>
* Jean-Richard (François) Mahieu (15 April 1919 - 31 January 2002), Belgian priest<ref>{{Cite web |title=2002 |url=http://newsaints.faithweb.com/year/2002.htm |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=newsaints.faithweb.com}}</ref>
* Michael Strode (5 June 1923 - 27 December 2010), English oblate<ref>{{Cite web |title=2019 |url=http://newsaints.faithweb.com/year/2019.htm |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=newsaints.faithweb.com}}</ref>

== Organization ==
[[File:Latrun-Monastery.jpg|thumb|Latroun Abbey, [[Latroun]], [[Israel]]]]
Cistercian monasteries have continued to spread, with many founded outside Europe in the 20th century. In particular, the number of Trappist monasteries throughout the world has more than doubled over the past 60 years: from 82 in 1940 to 127 in 1970, and 169 at the beginning of the 21st century.<ref name="OCSOFAQ4">{{cite web|url=http://www.ocso.org/HTM/net/faq-eng.htm#chi |title=Cistercian Order of the Strict Observance (Trappists): Frequently Asked Questions |publisher=Ocso.org |date=2003-12-08 |access-date=2010-01-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090917223746/http://www.ocso.org/HTM/net/faq-eng.htm |archive-date=September 17, 2009 }}</ref> In 1940, there were six Trappist monasteries in Asia and the Pacific, only one Trappist monastery in Africa, and none in Latin America.<ref name="OCSOFAQ4" /> Now there are 13 in Central and South America, 17 in Africa, and 23 in Asia and the Pacific.<ref name="OCSOFAQ4" /> In general, these communities are growing faster than those in other parts of the world.<ref name="OCSOFAQ4" />

Over the same period, the total number of monks and nuns in the Order decreased by about 15%.<ref name="OCSOFAQ4" /> There are on average 25 members per community – less than half those in former times.<ref name="OCSOFAQ4" /> {{As of|2018|1|1}}, there were 1,796 Trappist monks<ref name="monks-statistics">{{cite report |url=https://www.ocso.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/2017-Statistiques-Moines-Monk-Monjes.pdf |title=STATISTIQUES Moines - Monks - Monjes |publisher=Order of Cistercians of Strict Observance |website=ocso.org |date=1 January 2018 |access-date=12 October 2018}}</ref> and 1,592 Trappistine nuns<ref name="nuns-statistics">{{cite report |url=https://www.ocso.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/2017-Statistiques-Moniales-Nuns-Monjas.pdf |title=STATISTIQUES Moniales - Nuns - Monjas |publisher=Order of Cistercians of Strict Observance |website=ocso.org |date=1 January 2018 |access-date=12 October 2018}}</ref> across the world.

=== Institutional Structure ===
Cistercian communities are autonomous but united in a communion implemented by key institutions:

* '''Regular Visitation:''' An independent "Father Immediate" is appointed to help and support the abbot in the exercise of his pastoral charge and to foster concord in the community. The Father Immediate or other representative visits the monastery approximately every two years. The purpose of this “Regular Visitation” is to strengthen and supplement the pastoral action of the local superior, to correct violations where necessary, and to renew the nuns’ or monks’ spiritual fervor.
* '''General Chapter:''' The General Chapter is the supreme authority of the order. Since 2011, Abbots and Abbesses form a single General Chapter. They meet every 3 years for three weeks to strengthen the bonds of the order and to make key decisions, including the election of the Abbot General when necessary.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Structure : Ordre Cistercien de la Stricte Observance: OCSO |url=https://ocso.org/who-we-are/our-structure/ |access-date=2022-12-08 |website=ocso.org |archive-date=2022-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208032126/https://ocso.org/who-we-are/our-structure/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The Abbot General chairs the General Chapter.

=== Abbots General ===
[[File:Dom Sébastien Wyart.jpg|thumb| [[Sébastien Wyart]], 1st Abbot General of the Trappists between 1892 and 1904]]
The Abbot General is elected for an unrestricted amount of time by the General Chapter. He is assisted by a Council that is composed of five members, four of them are elected by the General Chapter and the fifth is chosen by the elected Council members. The Abbot General and his Council reside in Rome and are generally in charge of the order's affairs.<ref name="AOLHT">{{cite web |url=http://www.holytrinityabbey.org/order_history.html |title=Abbey of Our Lady of the Holy Trinity: Brief History |publisher=Holytrinityabbey.org |access-date=2010-01-18 |archive-date=2010-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100225115504/http://holytrinityabbey.org/order_history.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The present Abbot General is Dom [[Bernardus Peeters]] of [[Koningshoeven Abbey]] in the Netherlands.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://monks.org/bernardus-peeters-elected-abbot-general |title=Dom Bernardus Peeters elected Abbot General |date=10 March 2022 |publisher=monks.org |access-date=2022-06-16 |archive-date=2023-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231022230734/https://monks.org/bernardus-peeters-elected-abbot-general/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

# 1892–1904: [[Sébastien Wyart]]
# 1904–1922: [[Augustin Marre]]
# 1922–1929: Jean-Baptiste Ollitraut de Keryvallan
# 1929–1943: Herman-Joseph Smets
# 1943–1951: Dominique Nogues
# 1951–1963: Gabriel Sortais
# 1964–1974: Ignace Gillet
# 1974–1990: Ambroise Southey
# 1990–2008: Bernardo-Luis-José Oliveira
# 2008–2022: [[Eamon Fitzgerald (trappist)|Eamon Fitzgerald]]
# 2022–present: [[Bernardus Peeters]]

=== List of Trappist monasteries and convents ===
{{As of|2018}}, there were 168 Trappist monasteries and convents.<ref>{{cite web |title=Alphabetical List : Order of Cistercians of the Strict Observance : OCSO |url=https://www.ocso.org/monasteries/alphabetical-list/ |website=ocso.org |publisher=Order of Cistercians of the Strict Observance |access-date=13 October 2018 |archive-date=13 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013093157/https://www.ocso.org/monasteries/alphabetical-list/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width: 50%;" | Monks
! style="width: 50%;" | Nuns
|- bgcolor="#ffffff"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |'''Africa'''
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|{{Plainlist|
* {{flagicon|ALG}} [[Abbey of Our Lady of Atlas]], [[Médéa]], [[Algeria]]<ref name=":1">{{cite web |url=http://www.ocso.org/?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=279&Itemid=147 |work=tibhirine monastery today |title=Tibhirine Today |date=21 May 2006 |access-date=25 July 2023 |publisher=Order of Cistercians of Strict Observance |last=Olivera |first=Bernardo |location=[[Rome]] |archive-date=25 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725214114/https://ocso.org/?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=279&Itemid=147 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* {{flagicon|ANG}} Mosteiro Cisterciense, [[Benguela]], [[Angola]]
* {{flagicon|DRC}} Monastère Notre-Dame de l'Emmanuel, [[Kinshasa]], DR Congo
* {{flagicon|DRC}} Monastere Notre-Dame des Mokoto, [[Goma]], DR Congo
* {{flagicon|NGA}} Our Lady of Mount Calvary Monastery, [[Enugu (city)|Enugu]], Nigeria
* {{flagicon|NGA}} Holy Cross Monastery, [[Illah]], Nigeria
* {{flagicon|NGA}} Our Lady of the Angels Priory, [[Nsugbe]], Nigeria
* {{flagicon|BEN}} Monastère Notre-Dame de Kokoubou, Parakou, Benin
* {{flagicon|MAD}} {{Interlanguage link|Monastera Masina Maria|fr|Monastère de Maromby}}, [[Fianarantsoa]], [[Madagascar]]
* {{flagicon|CMR}} Bamenda Abbey, [[Bamenda]], [[Cameroon]]
* {{flagicon|CMR}} Monastère Notre-Dame de Koutaba, [[Koundja]], Cameroon
* {{flagicon|MAR}} [[Abbey of Our Lady of Atlas|Priory of Our Lady of Atlas]], [[Midelt]], [[Morocco]]<ref name=":0" />
* {{flagicon|UGA}} Monastery of Our Lady of Victoria, [[Kyotera]], Uganda
}}
|{{Plainlist|
* {{flagicon|ANG}} Mosteiro Cisterciense, [[Huambo]], [[Angola]]
* {{flagicon|DRC}} Abbaye de la Clarté-Dieu, Cyangugu, [[Bukavu]], [[DR Congo]]
* {{flagicon|DRC}} Monastère Notre-Dame de Mvanda, [[Kinshasa]], DR Congo
* {{flagicon|NGA}} St. Justina's Monastery, [[Abakaliki]], [[Nigeria]]
* {{flagicon|BEN}} Monastère l'Étoile Notre-Dame, [[Parakou]], [[Benin]]
* {{flagicon|MAD}} Monastera Masina Maria Ampibanjinana, [[Fianarantsoa]], [[Madagascar]]
* {{flagicon|RWA}} Soeurs Trappistines, [[Kibungo]], [[Rwanda]]
* {{flagicon|CMR}} Monastère Notre-Dame de Grandselve, [[Obout]], Cameroon
* {{flagicon|UGA}} Abbey Our Lady of Praise, Butende, [[Masaka]], [[Uganda]]
}}
|- bgcolor="#ffffff"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |'''Asia'''
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|{{Plainlist|
*{{flagicon|Hong Kong}} [[Trappist Haven Monastery|Our Lady of Joy Abbey]], [[Lantao]], [[Hong Kong]]
*{{flagicon|India}} [[Kurisumala Ashram]] in [[Vagamon]], [[India]]
*{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Pertapaan Trappist Lamanabi]] in Tanjung Bunga, [[East Flores Regency|East Flores]], Indonesia
*{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Pertapaan Santa Maria Rawaseneng]] in Kandangan, [[Temanggung Regency|Temanggung]], Indonesia
*{{flagicon|Israel}} {{Interlanguage link|Latroun Abbey|fr|3=Abbaye de Latroun}}, [[Latrun]], [[Israel]]
*{{flagicon|JPN}} {{ill|Our Lady of the Annunciation Monastery|ja|大分トラピスト修道院}} in [[Minamihata]] near [[Hiji, Ōita]], Japan
*{{flagicon|JPN}} Our Lady of the Lighthouse Abbey in [[Mitsuishi, Hokkaido]], Japan
*{{flagicon|PHI}} [[Our Lady of the Philippines Trappist Monastery|Our Lady of the Philippines Trappist Abbey]] in [[Jordan, Guimaras]], Philippines
*{{flagicon|ROC}} Holy Mother of God Monastery in [[Shuili, Nantou]], Taiwan
}}
|{{Plainlist|
*{{flagicon|India}} Ananda Matha Ashram, [[Kunnambetta]] near [[Wayanad]], India
*{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Pertapaan Bunda Pemersatu Gedono]] in Getasan, [[Semarang Regency|Semarang]], Indonesia
*{{flagicon|JPN}} Ajimu no Seibo Shudoin in [[Kayagomori]], [[Ōita Prefecture]], Japan
*{{flagicon|JPN}} Torapisuto Shudoin in [[Imari, Saga]], Japan
*{{flagicon|JPN}} Our Lady of Nasu Monastery in [[Nasu, Tochigi]], Japan
*{{flagicon|JPN}} B. M. Nishinomiya (Torapisuto), [[Nishinomiya]], Japan
*{{flagicon|JPN}} Torapisuto Shudoin (Tenshien) in [[Kamiyunokawa]] near [[Hakodate, Hokkaido]], Japan
*{{flagicon|MAC}} Trappistine Monastery "Our Lady Star of Hope", [[Macau]]
*{{flagicon|PHI}} Our Lady of Matutum in [[Polomolok, South Cotabato]], Philippines 
*{{flagicon|KOR}} Trappistine Monastery in [[Sujong-ri]], [[Masanhappo-gu]], South Korea
*{{flagicon|SYR}} Monastero Beata Maria Fons Pacis in [[Talkalakh]], Syria
}}
|- bgcolor="#ffffff"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |'''Europe'''
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|{{Plainlist|
*{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Engelszell Abbey]] in [[Engelhartszell]], Austria
*{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Achel Abbey|Saint Benedictus-Abbey]] in [[Achel]], Belgium (closed January 2021)<ref>{{Cite web |title=The world is one Trappist beer poorer as abbey loses last monk |author=Alan Hope |date=23 January 2021 |url=https://www.brusselstimes.com/news/art-culture/150901/the-world-is-one-trappist-beer-poorer-as-abbey-loses-last-monk/ |website=[[The Brussels Times]] |access-date=28 September 2023 |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928043738/https://www.brusselstimes.com/news/art-culture/150901/the-world-is-one-trappist-beer-poorer-as-abbey-loses-last-monk/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Orval Abbey|Abbaye Notre-Dame d'Orval]] in [[Villers-devant-Orval]], Belgium
*{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Rochefort Abbey|Abbey of Notre-Dame de Saint-Rémy]] in [[Rochefort, Belgium]]
*{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Scourmont Abbey]] in [[Forges, Belgium]]
*{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Westvleteren Abbey|St. Sixtus' Abbey]] in [[Westvleteren]], Belgium
*{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Westmalle Abbey]] in [[Westmalle]], Belgium
*{{flagicon|BIH}} [[Mariastern Abbey, Banja Luka|Opatija Marija Zvijezda]] in [[Banja Luka]], Bosnia and Herzegovina
*{{flagicon|CZE}} [[Nový Dvůr Monastery]], [[Czech Republic]]
*{{flagicon|DEN}} Myrendal Kloster in [[Allinge]], [[Denmark]]
*{{flagicon|FRA}} {{Interlanguage link|Abbaye Notre-Dame d'Acey|fr}} in [[Vitreux]], France
*{{flagicon|FRA}} Abbaye [[Aiguebelle Abbey|Notre-Dame d'Aiguebelle]] in [[Montjoyer]], France
*{{flagicon|FRA}} {{Interlanguage link|Abbaye Notre-Dame de Bellefontaine|fr}} in [[Bégrolles en Mauges]], France
*{{flagicon|FRA}} {{Interlanguage link|Abbaye Notre-Dame de Grâce|fr|3=Abbaye Notre-Dame-de-Grâce de Bricquebec}} in [[Bricquebec]], France
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Cîteaux Abbey|Abbaye Notre-Dame de Cîteaux]] in [[Saint-Nicolas-lès-Cîteaux]], France
*{{flagicon|FRA}} {{Interlanguage link|Abbaye Sainte-Marie du Désert|fr}} in [[Bellegarde-Sainte-Marie]], France
*{{flagicon|FRA}} Abbaye [[La Trappe Abbey|Notre-Dame de la Trappe]] in [[Soligny-la-Trappe]], France
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Melleray Abbey|Abbaye Notre-Dame de Melleray]] in [[La Meilleraye-de-Bretagne]], France
*{{flagicon|FRA}} {{Interlanguage link|Abbaye Sainte-Marie-du-Mont|fr|3=Abbaye du Mont des Cats}} in [[Godewaersvelde]], France
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Our Lady of the Snows (Trappist monastery)|Abbaye Notre-Dame-des-Neiges]] in [[St-Laurent-les-Bains]], France
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Oelenberg Abbey|Abbaye Notre-Dame d'Oelenberg]] in [[Reiningue]], France
*{{flagicon|FRA}} Abbaye [[Port-du-Salut Abbey|Notre-Dame du Port-du-Salut]] in [[Entrammes]], France
*{{flagicon|FRA}} Abbaye [[Sept-Fons Abbey|Notre-Dame de Sept-Fons]] in [[Dompierre-sur-Besbre]], France
*{{flagicon|FRA}} Abbaye [[Tamié Abbey|Notre-Dame de Tamié]] in [[Plancherine]], France
*{{flagicon|FRA}} {{Interlanguage link|Abbaye Notre-Dame de Timadeuc|fr}} in [[Bréhan]], France
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Mariawald Abbey]] in [[Heimbach]], Germany (closed September 2018)
*{{flagicon|IRL}} [[Mellifont Abbey]] in [[Collon]], Ireland
*{{flagicon|IRL}} [[Mount Melleray Abbey]] in [[Cappoquin]], Ireland
*{{flagicon|IRL}} [[Mount St. Joseph Abbey, Roscrea|Mount St. Joseph Abbey]] in [[Roscrea]], Ireland
*{{flagicon|ITA}} Monastero Cistercense “Madonna dell’Unione” di Boschi in [[Monastero di Vasco]], [[Italy]]
*{{flagicon|ITA}} Abbazia Nostra Signora del Santissimo Sacramento in [[Frattocchie]], Italy
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Tre Fontane Abbey|Abbazia delle Tre Fontane]] in [[Rome]], Italy
*{{flagicon|NED}} [[Abdij Sion|Abdij O. L. Vr. van Sion]] in [[Diepenveen]], Netherlands
*{{flagicon|NED}} [[Lilbosch Abbey|Cisterciënser Abdij Lilbosch]] in [[Echt, Netherlands|Echt]], Netherlands
*{{flagicon|NED}} [[Koningshoeven Abbey|Abdij O.L.Vrouw van Koningshoeven]] in [[Berkel-Enschot]], Netherlands
*{{flagicon|NED}} Abdij Maria-Toevlucht in [[Klein Zundert]], Netherlands
*{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Munkeby Abbey]] near [[Levanger (town)|Levanger]], [[Norway]]
*{{flagicon|ESP}} {{Interlanguage link|Monasterio de San Pedro de Cardeña|es}} in [[Castrillo del Val]], Spain
*{{flagicon|ESP}} {{Interlanguage link|Monasterio de Santa María de las Escalonias|es}} in [[Hornachuelos]], Spain
*{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Monasterio de Santa María de Huerta]] in [[Santa María de Huerta]], Spain
*{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Santa María de la Oliva|Monasterio de Santa María la Real de la Oliva]] in [[Carcastillo]], Spain
*{{flagicon|ESP}} Monasterio de Monte Sión in [[Toledo, Spain]]
*{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Monastery of Santa María la Real of Oseira]] in [[Oseira]], Spain
*{{flagicon|ESP}} {{Interlanguage link|Monasterio de San Isidro de Dueñas|es}} in [[San Isidro de Dueñas]], Spain
*{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Sobrado Abbey|Monasterio de Santa María de Sobrado]] in [[Sobrado, Galicia|Sobrado]], Spain
*{{flagicon|ESP}} {{Interlanguage link|Abadía de Santa María de Viaceli|es}} in [[Cóbreces]], Spain
*{{flagicon|ESP}} {{Interlanguage link|Monasterio de Santa María de Cenarruza|es|3=Monasterio de Cenarruza}} in [[Ziortza-Bolibar|Cenarruza]], Spain
*{{flagicon|UK}} [[Caldey Abbey]] on [[Caldey Island]], [[Wales]]
*{{flagicon|UK}} [[Mount Saint Bernard Abbey]] near [[Coalville]], [[England]]
*{{flagicon|UK}} [[Sancta Maria Abbey, Nunraw|Sancta Maria Abbey]] in [[Nunraw]], [[Scotland]]
*{{flagicon|UK}} [[Portglenone Abbey|Our Lady of Bethlehem Abbey]] in [[Portglenone]], [[Northern Ireland]]
}}
|{{Plainlist|
*{{flagicon|BEL}} {{Interlanguage link|Abbaye Notre-Dame de Brialmont|fr}} in {{Interlanguage link|Tilff|fr}}, [[Esneux]], Belgium
*{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Chimay Abbey|Abbaye Notre-Dame de la Paix]] in [[Chimay]], Belgium
*{{flagicon|BEL}} {{Interlanguage link|Abbaye Notre-Dame de Clairefontaine|fr}} in [[Bouillon, Belgium|Bouillon]], Belgium
*{{flagicon|BEL}} Priorij {{Interlanguage link|Klaarland Abbey|fr|3=Prieuré Notre-Dame de Klaarland|lt=O.L. Vr van Klaarland}} in [[Bocholt, Belgium]]
*{{flagicon|BEL}} Abdij [[Brecht Abbey|O.L. Vr. van Nazareth]] in [[Brecht, Belgium]]
*{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Abbaye Notre-Dame de Soleilmont]] in [[Fleurus]], Belgium
*{{flagicon|CZE}} Klášter Naší Paní nad Vltavou in [[Neveklov]], [[Czech Republic]]
*{{flagicon|FRA}} {{Interlanguage link|Abbaye de Baumgarten|fr|lt=Abbaye Notre-Dame de Baumgarten}} in [[Bernardvillé]], France
*{{flagicon|FRA}} {{Interlanguage link|Abbaye de Belval|fr|3=Abbaye de Belval (Troisvaux)}} in [[Troisvaux]], France
*{{flagicon|FRA}} {{Interlanguage link|Abbaye Notre-Dame de Bon Secours|fr|3=Abbaye Notre-Dame de Bon Secours de Blauvac}} in [[Blauvac]], France
*{{flagicon|FRA}} {{Interlanguage link|Abbaye Notre-Dame de Bonneval|fr}} in [[Le Cayrol]], France
*{{flagicon|FRA}} Monastère de la [[Paix-Dieu]] in [[Anduze]], France
*{{flagicon|FRA}} {{Interlanguage link|Abbaye de la Joie Notre-Dame|fr}} in [[Campénéac]], France
*{{flagicon|FRA}} {{Interlanguage link|Chambarand Abbey|fr|3=Abbaye de Chambarand|lt=Notre-Dame du Sacré-Cœur de Chambarand}} in [[Roybon]], France
*{{flagicon|FRA}} {{Interlanguage link|Abbaye Notre-Dame de Bonne-Espérance|fr|3=Abbaye Notre-Dame de Bonne-Espérance d'Échourgnac}} in [[Échourgnac]], France
*{{flagicon|FRA}} Monastère {{Interlanguage link|Notre-Dame des Gardes|fr|3=Abbaye Notre-Dame des Gardes}} in [[Saint-Georges-des-Gardes]], France
*{{flagicon|FRA}} Monastère {{Interlanguage link|Notre-Dame de la Coudre|fr|3=Abbaye Notre-Dame de la Coudre}} in [[Laval, Mayenne|Laval]], France
*{{flagicon|FRA}} {{Interlanguage link|Monastère du Jassonneix|fr|3=Prieuré du Jassonneix}} in [[Meymac]], France
*{{flagicon|FRA}} {{Interlanguage link|Abbaye Sainte-Marie du Rivet|fr}} in [[Auros]], France
*{{flagicon|FRA}} Abbaye {{Interlanguage link|Ubexy Abbey|fr|3=Abbaye d'Ubexy|lt=Notre-Dame de Saint-Joseph d'Ubexy}} in [[Charmes, Vosges|Charmes]], France
*{{flagicon|FRA}} Abbaye {{Interlanguage link|Notre-Dame du Val d'Igny|fr|3=Abbaye Notre-Dame d'Igny}} in [[Arcis-le-Ponsart]], France
*{{flagicon|GER}} Kloster Gethsemani at [[Donnersberg]] near [[Dannenfels]], Germany
*{{flagicon|GER}} Trappistinnenabtei Maria Frieden in [[Dahlem, North Rhine-Westphalia|Dahlem]], Germany
*{{flagicon|IRL}} [[St. Mary's Abbey, Glencairn|St. Mary's Abbey in Glencairn]] near [[Lismore, County Waterford]], Ireland
*{{flagicon|ITA}} Monastero di N.S. di Valserena in [[Guardistallo]], Italy
*{{flagicon|ITA}} Monastero Trappiste Nostra Signora di San Giuseppe in [[Vitorchiano]], Italy
*{{flagicon|NED}} Abdij {{Interlanguage link|Koningsoord Abbey|fr|3=Abbaye Notre-Dame de Koningsoord|lt=O.L. Vr. van Koningsoord}} in [[Arnhem]], Netherlands
*{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Tautra Abbey|Tautra Mariakloster]] in [[Frosta Municipality|Frosta]], Norway
*{{flagicon|ESP}} Monasterio Santa MarÍa de San José in [[Alloz-Estella]], Spain
*{{flagicon|ESP}} Monasterio de Santa María la Real near [[Arévalo]], Spain
*{{flagicon|ESP}} Monasterio de Armenteira in [[Armenteira]], Spain
*{{flagicon|ESP}} Monasterio Cisterciense de Santa Ana in [[Ávila, Spain|Avila]], Spain
*{{flagicon|ESP}} Monasterio Santa Maria de Gratia Dei in [[Benaguasil]], Spain
*{{flagicon|ESP}} {{Interlanguage link|Monasterio de Santa María de Carrizo|es}} in [[Carrizo de La Ribera]], Spain
*{{flagicon|ESP}} Monasterio Nuestra Señora de la Paz in La Palma, [[Cartagena, Spain]]
*{{flagicon|ESP}} {{Interlanguage link|Monasterio de Santa María de la Caridad|es}} in [[Tulebras]], Spain
*{{flagicon|ESP}} {{Interlanguage link|Monasterio de Nuestra Señora de Vico|es}} in [[Arnedo]], Spain
*{{flagicon|SUI}} [[Abbaye de la Fille-Dieu]] in [[Romont]], Switzerland
*{{flagicon|SUI}} Monastère Notre Dame de Géronde in [[Sierre]], Switzerland
*{{flagicon|UK}} Holy Cross Abbey in [[Whitland]], Wales
}}
|- bgcolor="#ffffff"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |'''Latin America'''
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|{{Plainlist|
*{{flagicon|ARG}} Abadía Nuestra Señora de los Angeles in [[Azul, Buenos Aires Province|Azul]], [[Argentina]]
*{{flagicon|BRA}} Nossa Senhora do Novo Mundo in [[Campo do Tenente]], Brazil
*{{flagicon|CHI}} Monasterio Sta Maria de Miraflores in [[Rancagua]], [[Chile]]
*{{flagicon|DOM}} Monasterio Santa Maria del Evangelio in [[Jarabacoa]], [[Dominican Republic]]
*{{flagicon|ECU}} Monasterio de Santa María del Paraíso in [[Latacunga]], [[Ecuador]]
*{{flagicon|MEX}} Monasterio Cisterciense Virgen del Curutarán in [[Jacona, Michoacán|Jacona]], Mexico
*{{flagicon|VEN}} Monasterio Nuestra Señora de los Andes in [[El Vigía]], Venezuela
}}
|{{Plainlist|
*{{flagicon|ARG}} Monasterio de la Madre de Cristo Hermanas Trapenses in [[Hinojo, Buenos Aires|Hinojo]], Argentina
*{{flagicon|BRA}} Mosteiro Trapista Nossa Senhora da Boa Vista in [[Rio Negrinho]], [[Brazil]]
*{{flagicon|CHI}} Monasterio Nuestra Señora de Quilvo in [[Curicó]], Chile
*{{flagicon|ECU}} Monasterio de Santa María de la Esperanza in [[Esmeraldas, Ecuador]]
*{{flagicon|MEX}} Abadía Madre de Dios El Encuentro Rincón de San Jerónimo in [[Ciudad Hidalgo, Michoacán|Ciudad Hidalgo]], [[Mexico]]
*{{flagicon|NIC}} Monasterio Santa Maria de la Paz in [[Santo Tomás, Chontales|Santo Tomás]], [[Nicaragua]]
*{{flagicon|VEN}} Monasterio N.S. de Coromoto in [[El Tocuyo]], [[Venezuela]]
}}
|- bgcolor="#ffffff"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |'''North America'''
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|{{Plainlist|
*{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Notre Dame du Calvaire Abbey]] in [[Nouvelle-Arcadie, New Brunswick]], Canada
*{{flagicon|CAN}} Monastère N.-D. de Mistassini in [[Dolbeau-Mistassini]], Quebec, Canada
*{{flagicon|CAN}} Our Lady of the Prairies Abbey in [[Holland, Manitoba]], Canada
*{{flagicon|CAN}} Abbaye Val Notre-Dame in [[Saint-Jean-de-Matha, Quebec]], Canada
*{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Abbey of Notre-Dame du Lac (Oka, Quebec)|Abbey of Notre-Dame du Lac]] in [[Oka, Quebec]], Canada, now defunct
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Assumption Abbey, Missouri|Assumption Abbey]] in [[Douglas County, Missouri]], [[United States]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Holy Cross Abbey, Virginia|Holy Cross Abbey]] in [[Berryville, Virginia]], United States
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Monastery of the Holy Spirit]] in [[Conyers, Georgia]], United States
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Abbey of the Genesee|Our Lady of the Genesee Abbey]] in [[Piffard, New York]], United States
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Abbey of Our Lady of Gethsemani]] in [[Bardstown, Kentucky]], United States
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Our Lady of Guadalupe Trappist Abbey|Our Lady of Guadalupe Abbey]] in [[Carlton, Oregon]], United States
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Abbey of Our Lady of the Holy Trinity]] in [[Huntsville, Utah]], United States.<ref name="nytimes.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/17/us/trappist-monks-mepkin-abbey.html|title=The World Is Changing. This Trappist Abbey Isn't. Can It Last?|website=[[The New York Times]]|date=17 March 2018|last1=Hiltner|first1=Stephen|access-date=18 March 2018|archive-date=18 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318184626/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/17/us/trappist-monks-mepkin-abbey.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Closed down August 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vimeo.com/236672432|title=To Close A Monastery|last=RadioWest|date=3 October 2017|via=Vimeo|access-date=18 March 2018|archive-date=18 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318184630/https://vimeo.com/236672432|url-status=live}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Mepkin Abbey]] in [[Moncks Corner, South Carolina]], United States<ref name="nytimes.com"/>
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[New Melleray Abbey]] in [[Peosta, Iowa]], United States
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[St. Benedict's Monastery, Colorado|St. Benedict's Monastery]] in [[Snowmass, Colorado]], United States
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[St. Joseph's Abbey, Massachusetts|St. Joseph's Abbey]] in [[Spencer, Massachusetts]], United States
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Abbey of New Clairvaux]] in [[Vina, California]], United States
}}
|{{Plainlist|
*{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Notre-Dame de l'Assomption Abbey]] in [[Nouvelle-Arcadie, New Brunswick]], [[Canada]]
*{{flagicon|CAN}} Abbaye N.-D. du Bon Conseil in [[Saint-Benoît-Labre, Quebec]], Canada
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Our Lady of the Angels Monastery, Virginia|Our Lady of the Angels Monastery]] in [[Crozet, Virginia]], United States
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Our Lady of the Mississippi Abbey]] in [[Dubuque, Iowa]], United States
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Our Lady of the Redwoods Abbey]] in [[Whitethorn, California]], United States
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Santa Rita Abbey]] in [[Sonoita, Arizona]], United States
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Mount Saint Mary's Abbey|Mount St. Mary's Abbey]] in [[Wrentham, Massachusetts]], United States
}}
|- bgcolor="#ffffff"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |'''Oceania'''
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|{{Plainlist|
*{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Tarrawarra]] Abbey in [[Yarra Glen]], [[Australia]]
*{{flagicon|NZL}} [[Southern Star Abbey]] in [[Takapau]], [[New Zealand]]
}}
| None
|}

== See also ==
* [[Murder of the monks of Tibhirine|Cistercian Martyrs of Atlas]]
* [[Enclosed religious orders]]
*[[Missionary Order of Mariannhill]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

===Works cited===
*{{EB1911|wstitle=Rancé, Armand Jean le Bouthillier de|volume=22|page=885}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Order of La Trappe}}
{{wikiquote}}
{{EB1911 poster|Trappists}}
* {{official website|http://www.ocso.org/}}
* [http://www.trappists.org Trappists in the United States]
{{Gutenberg|no=6733|name=Memoir of Father Vincent de Paul, religious of La Trappe}}

{{Catholic congregation}}
{{Trappist beer}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Trappists| ]]
[[Category:Trappist Order|*]]
[[Category:1664 establishments in France]]
[[Category:Religious organizations established in the 1660s]]
[[Category:Christian religious orders established in the 17th century]]
[[Category:Catholic monastic orders]]