View source for Transport in Uzbekistan

{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->

As of 2007, [[Uzbekistan]]'s overland transportation [[infrastructure]] declined significantly in the post-Soviet era due to low investment and poor maintenance. [[Air transport]] was the only branch that received substantial government investment in the early 2000s, as [[airport]] modernization projects were undertaken.<ref name=cp>[http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Uzbekistan.pdf Uzbekistan country profile]. [[Library of Congress]] [[Federal Research Division]] (February 2007). ''This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the [[public domain]].''</ref> In the following years, improvements have been made to the surface transport network including the construction of the [[Tashkent–Samarkand high-speed rail line]].

==Railways==
{{main|Uzbek Railways}}
As of March 2017, the total length of Uzbekistan's main railway network is {{convert|4669|km}}, of which {{convert|2446|km|abbr=on}} is electrified.<ref>[https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/project-documents/48025/48025-003-rrp-en.pdf Asian Development Bank website]</ref>

===Trams===
Uzbekistan has one town tramway system, which is [[Trams in Samarkand|located in Samarkand]]. The modern, electrified system opened its first line in 2017, and is the first system to operate in Samarkand since the Soviet-era system was disestablished in 1973. 

===Metro lines===
The [[Tashkent Metro]] was the only such line in Central Asia, until the opening of the [[Almaty Metro]].

==Highways==
[[File:M39 Highway in Uzbekistan near Jomboy.jpg|thumb|M39 Highway in Uzbekistan, near [[Jomboy, Uzbekistan|Jomboy]]]]
As of 2005, Uzbekistan had {{convert|84400|km|abbr=on}} of [[roads]], about {{convert|72000|km|abbr=on}} of which were paved. The road infrastructure is deteriorating, particularly outside of Tashkent. No significant [[highway]] projects were underway in 2006. In the early 2000s, U.S. engineers improved some roads around the port of [[Termez]] to facilitate movement of humanitarian supplies to [[Afghanistan]]. Uzbekistan is a member country of the [[United Nations’ Asian Highway Network]], and several national roads are designated as part of the network.<ref name=cp/>

There are some parts of the roads considered as [[freeway]]s, although mostly in a state of complete neglect and disrepair since the collapse of the Soviet Union. The ring road around [[Tashkent]] is about {{convert|70|km|abbr=on}} long, and completely multilaned, although it lacks a carriageway separation in most sections. 

The M39 Highway, connecting [[Tashkent]] and [[Samarkand]] is a 4-laned road in some {{convert|300|km|abbr=on}} of its length, although poorly maintained and without carriageway separation in most of its length. In January, 2017, the Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan governments made an agreement to reopen the {{convert|65|km|abbr=on}} section of this highway which passed through Kazakhstan that had been closed for ten years, avoiding the detour via [[Guliston]].<ref>[https://astanatimes.com/2017/01/kazakhstan-uzbekistan-to-reopen-section-of-m-39-highway-in-february/ Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan to Reopen Section of M-39 Highway in February (The Astana Times, January 10, 2017)]</ref> The M37 Highway starts from [[Samarkand]], reaching west to the [[Turkmenistan|Turkmen]] border, via [[Navoiy]] and [[Bukhara]]. The A373 Highway starts from Tashkent, going east through [[Kokand]] of [[Fergana Region]], and ends at the [[Kyrgyzstan|Kyrgyz]] border.

In September 2019, The [[Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank]] proposed the Bukhara Road Network Improvement Project to improve the multiple assets of cross-border roads in Bukhara and the road networks in Karakalpakstan and Khorezm regions. The project finances were approved in June of 2020 and has been estimated to take 214.7 million USD. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=January 26, 2021 |title=Uzbekistan Bukhara Road Network Improvement Project (Phase 1) |url=https://www.aiib.org/en/projects/details/2020/approved/_download/Uzbekistan/AIIB_Uzbekistan-BRNIP-PSI-20200607-update-Jan-26-2021-borrower-contact.pdf |journal=Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank}}</ref>

=== Highway classification ===
{{main|Roads in Uzbekistan}}
The highways in Uzbekistan are divided into three groups based on the level of their significance whose names differ by a prefix on their code. On July 2024, in a cabinet ruling, the Soviet-era highway numbers were retained for "roads of international significance", but the road numbering was overhauled for "roads of state significance" and "roads of local significance".<ref name="2024-road-code">{{cite web|url=https://lex.uz/docs/-6999488 |title=Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Vazirlar Mahkamasining qarori - Oʻzbekiston Respublikasining umumiy foydalanishdagi avtomobil yoʻllari roʻyxatini tasdiqlash toʻgʻrisida [Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan - On approval of the list of public roads of the Republic of Uzbekistan] |accessdate=27 October 2025|language=uz |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20251027191951/https://lex.uz/docs/-6999488|archive-date= 27 October 2025 | date= 5 July 2024}}</ref>

This superceded and annulled an earlier cabinet ruling from August 2010, which affirmed and documented the same 3 levels of roadway, but retaining the codes from the Soviet era.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lex.uz/docs/-1664887 |title=Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Vazirlar Mahkamasining qarori - Oʻzbekiston Respublikasining umumiy foydalanishdagi avtomobil yoʻllari roʻyxatini tasdiqlash toʻgʻrisida [Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan - On approval of the list of public roads of the Republic of Uzbekistan] |accessdate=27 October 2025|language=uz |archive-url= https://archive.today/20251027194213/https://lex.uz/docs/-1664887 |archive-date= 27 October 2025 |date = 5 August 2010}}</ref>

Below are the "highways of international significance", with a prefix "M" or "A", inheritted from the Soviet road network.<ref name="2024-road-code"/>

{| class="wikitable"
|- class="hintergrundfarbe6"
! Road !! Direction !! Length
|----
| {{RouteBox|M34||blue}} || [[Toshkent]] — [[Yangiyoʻl]] — [[Chinoz]] — [[Sirdaryo]] — [[Guliston]] — [[Xovos]] — [[Tajikistan|Tajik]] international border ({{RouteBox|РБ15||red}}) || 153 km
|-
| {{RouteBox|M37||blue}} || [[Samarqand]] — [[Ishtixon]] — [[Kattaqoʻrgʻon]] — [[Karmana]] — [[Buxoro]] — [[Olot]] — [[Turkmenistan|Turkmen]] international border || 367 km
|-
| {{RouteBox|M37a||blue}} || [[Samarqand]] Ring Road || 46 km 
|-
| {{RouteBox|M39||blue}} || [[Kazakhstan|Kazakh]] international border ({{RouteBox|KZ13-03||blue}}) — [[Gʻishtkoʻprik]] — [[Toshkent]] — [[Chinoz]] — [[Jizzax]] — [[Samarqand]] — [[Shahrisabz]] — [[Gʻuzor]] — [[Termiz]]  || 628 km
|-
| {{RouteBox|M39a||blue}} || [[Termiz]] Bypass — [[Hairatan|Hayraton]] — [[Afghanistan|Afghan]] international border  ({{RouteBox|NH89||blue}}) || 30 km
|-
| {{RouteBox|M41||blue}} || [[Tajikistan|Tajik]] international border ({{RouteBox|РБ02||red}}) — [[Denov]] — [[Jarqoʻrgʻon]] — [[Termiz]] || 188 km
|-
| {{RouteBox|A373||blue}} || [[Toshkent]] — [[Ohangaron]] — [[Angren, Uzbekistan|Angern]] — [[Qoʻqon]] — [[Shahrixon]] — [[Andijon]] — [[Kyrgyzstan|Kyrgyz]] international border ({{RouteBox|ЭМ-15||#1E90FF}}) || 379 km
|-
| {{RouteBox|A373a||blue}} || [[Ohangaron]] — [[Guliston]] — [[Sardoba]] || 129 km
|-
| {{RouteBox|A373b||blue}} || 192nd km of A373 — [[Qoʻqon]] || 66 km
|-
| {{RouteBox|A376||blue}} || [[Qoʻqon]] — [[Beshariq]] — [[Tajikistan|Tajik]] international border ({{RouteBox|РБ14||red}}) <br>''a break in the itinerary of this route''<br>[[Tajikistan|Tajik]] international border ({{RouteBox|РҶ077||red}}) — [[Bekobod]] — [[Xovos]] — [[Jizzax]] || 153 km
|-
| {{RouteBox|A377||blue}} || [[Samarqand]] — [[Tajikistan|Tajik]] international border ({{RouteBox|РБ13||red}}) || 37 km
|-
| {{RouteBox|A378||blue}} || [[Samarqand]] — [[Gʻuzor]] || 152 km
|-
| {{RouteBox|A379||blue}} || [[Navoiy]] — [[Uchquduq]] || 289 km
|-
| {{RouteBox|A380||blue}} || [[Gʻuzor]] — [[Qarshi]] — [[Muborak]] — [[Buxoro]] — [[Tuproqqalʼa]] — [[Beruniy]] — [[Nukus]] — [[Xoʻjayli]] — [[Qoʻngʻirot]] — [[Kazakhstan|Kazakh]] international border ({{RouteBox|KZ12-02||blue}}) || 1,204 km
|-
| {{RouteBox|A381||blue}} || [[Xoʻjayli]] — [[Turkmenistan|Turkmen]] international border || 12 km
|}

The total length of these roads is 3,833 km.

The next level of roadways in Uzbekistan are "roads of state significance" ({{lang|uz|davlat ahamiyatiga molik avtomobil yoʻllari}}), their codes consisting of 3 digints, and being designated with a prefix "D" (for ''davlat'', meaning "state"). These roads are designated from ''D001'' to ''D240'', with branches and variants being labelled using miniscule latin letters, e.g. "D025e" (862nd km of M39 — [[Chinoz]]). The total length of these roads is 14,316 km.<ref name="2024-road-code"/>

The next level of roadways are "roads of local significance", numbered at a [[Regions of Uzbekistan|region (viloyat)]] level. For these types of roads, their codes consist of 3 digits, and they're designated with a prefix "##V" (a two digit number desingating the [[Regions of Uzbekistan|region]], same codes as those for [[Vehicle registration plates of Uzbekistan#List of codes|Uzbek license plates]], followed by "V" for ''viloyat''). For example "70V001" is located in [[Qashqadaryo Region]], and designates [[Qashqadaryo (town)|Qashqadaryo]] Ring Road. (license plates of [[Qashqadaryo Region]] have codes 70 to 74). Branches and variants are also labelled using miniscule latin letters, e.g. "70V078a" (3rd km of D148 — [[Shahrisabz]]). The total length of these roads is 24,222 km.<ref name="2024-road-code"/>

==Ports and waterways==
Double landlocked Uzbekistan has no seaports. Its main river port is [[Termez]] on the [[Amu Darya]] river. Although Termez lacks modern facilities and has a shortage of spare parts, activity there has increased as conditions in neighboring Afghanistan have stabilized. Termez has been an important transfer point for humanitarian supplies entering Afghanistan.<ref name=cp/>

Uzbekistan has {{convert|1100|km|abbr=on}} of inland waterways. Since the mid-1990s, commercial travel on Uzbekistan's portion of the Amu Darya has been reduced because of low water levels.<ref name=cp/>

==Pipelines==
As of 2010, Uzbekistan had {{convert|10253|km|abbr=on}} of natural gas pipelines, {{convert|868|km|abbr=on}} of oil pipelines, and {{convert|33|km|abbr=on}} of pipelines for refined products.<ref name=cp/>

==Airports==
As of 2012, Uzbekistan has [[List of airports in Uzbekistan|53 airports]].  33 of them have paved [[runways]], six of which had runways longer than {{convert|3000|m|abbr=on}}. The largest of them, [[Tashkent International Airport]], is linked with European and Middle Eastern cities by direct flights of [[Aeroflot]], [[Lufthansa]], and [[Turkish Airlines]]. The national airline, Uzbek Havo Yollari ([[Uzbekistan Airlines]]), flies mainly within the former Soviet Union.<ref name=cp/>
In August 2010, Hanjin Group, the parent of [[Korean Airlines]], opened a new cargo terminal at [[Navoi]], which will become a cargo hub with regular Incheon-Navoi-Milan flights.

==See also==
{{Portal|Transport|Railways| Road|Aviation}}
* [[North-South Transport Corridor]]
* [[Ashgabat Agreement]], a [[Multimodal transport]] agreement signed by [[India]], [[Oman]], [[Iran]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Uzbekistan]] and [[Kazakhstan]], for creating an [[Transport corridor|international transport and transit corridor]] facilitating transportation of goods between Central Asia and the Persian Gulf.<ref>[http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Hans-Classroom/2016-03-24/Ashgabat-Agreement/215932 The Hans India - India accedes to Ashgabat agreement]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Transport in Uzbekistan}}

{{Uzbekistan transit}}
{{Asia topic|Transport in}}
{{Asia in topic|Rail transport in}}

[[Category:Transport in Uzbekistan| ]]