View source for Transport in Hungary

{{Short description|Economy of Hungary}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{more citations needed|date=September 2014}}
'''Transport in Hungary''' relies on several main modes, including [[Transportation|transport]] by road, rail, air and water.

==Roads==
[[Image:Hungary road sign G-401.svg|thumb|220px|Speed Limits in Hungary based on road type and vehicle category]]
[[Image:Hungary motorway system 2016 08 05.png|thumb|375px|Map of planned motorway and expressway network in Hungary]]
{{see also|Roads in Hungary}}

Hungary has a total of {{convert|159568|km|-1|abbr=on}} of public roads, of which {{convert|70050|km|-1|abbr=on}} are paved (including 1481&nbsp;km of [[motorway]]s, as of 2016); and {{convert|89518|km|-1|abbr=on}} are unpaved (2005 etc.):

Hungarian road categories are as follows:
* '''Gyorsforgalmi út''' (controlled-access highway):
**'''Autópálya''' (motorway): 2+2 travel lanes and 1+1 emergency lane, central reservation, no at-grade intersections, speed limit {{convert|130|km/h}} 
**'''Gyorsút''' (high-speed highway): 2+2 travel lanes, central reservation, few at-grade intersections, speed limit {{convert|110|km/h}} 
**'''Autóút''' (expressway): 2+2, 2+1 or 1+1 travel lanes, central reservation, some at-grade intersections, speed limit {{convert|110|km/h}} 
*'''Elsőrendű főút''' (primary arterial road or primary main road) (with one-digit number, e.g. 6-os főút)
*'''Másodrendű főút''' (secondary main road) (with two or three digits, e.g. 57-es főút)
*'''Helyi út''' (local road) (with three or more digits, e.g. 4519-es közút)

===Motorways and expressways===
{{main|Highways in Hungary}}
Hungarian motorways and expressways are part of the national road network. As of October 2016, there are {{convert|1481|km|-1}} of [[controlled-access highway]]s.

[[Image:Hungary road sign E-016.svg|30px|left]] Motorways (''autópályák'', singular - ''autópálya'') in Hungary:<br>
[[M1 motorway (Hungary)|M1]] | [[M3 motorway (Hungary)|M3]] | [[M4 motorway (Hungary)|M4]] | [[M5 motorway (Hungary)|M5]] | [[M6 motorway (Hungary)|M6]] | [[M7 motorway (Hungary)|M7]] | [[M8 motorway (Hungary)|M8]] | ''[[M15 motorway (Hungary)|M15]]'' | [[M19 motorway (Hungary)|M19]] | [[M30 motorway (Hungary)|M30]] | [[M31 motorway (Hungary)|M31]] | [[M35 motorway (Hungary)|M35]] | [[M43 motorway (Hungary)|M43]] | [[M60 motorway (Hungary)|M60]]

[[Image:Hungary road sign E-018.svg|30px|left]] Expressways (''autóutak'', singular - ''autóút'') in Hungary:<br>
M0 | M2 | M9 | M51 |
[[M70 expressway (Hungary)|M70]] | [[M85 expressway (Hungary)|M85]] | M86

New motorway sections are being added to the existing network, which already connects many major economically important cities to the [[Budapest|capital]].

===Bus transport===
Bus transport between municipalities was provided by [[Volán]] Companies, twenty-four bus companies founded in 1970 and named after the regions they served. They also provided local transport in cities and towns that did not have their own public transport company (all cities except for Budapest, Miskolc, Pécs, Kaposvár and also Debrecen after 2009), and operated bus lines in cities where the local company operated only tram and trolley bus lines (Szeged and Debrecen, the latter until 2009, when DKV took over the bus lines). In early 2015 the 24 companies were organized into seven regional companies.

==Railways==
[[Image:Railway map of Hungary.png|thumb|375px|Rail transport map of Hungary]]
[[Image:Budapest-Keleti Pályaudvar - panoramio.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Keleti Railway Station, Budapest]]
{{Main|Rail transport in Hungary}}

''Note:'' Hungary and [[Austria]] jointly manage the cross-border standard-gauge railway between [[Győr]]&ndash;[[Sopron]]&ndash;[[Ebenfurt]] ([[GySEV|GySEV/ROeEE]]), a distance of about 101&nbsp;km in Hungary and 65&nbsp;km in Austria.

In Budapest, the three main railway stations are the [[Budapest Keleti railway station|Eastern]] (Keleti), [[Budapest-Nyugati Railway Terminal|Western (Nyugati)]] and [[Budapest Déli station|Southern (Déli)]], with other outlying stations like [[Kelenföld]]. Of the three, the Southern is the most modern but the Eastern and the Western are more decorative and architecturally interesting.

Other important railway stations countrywide include [[Szolnok]] (the most important railway intersection outside Budapest), [[Tiszai Railway Station]] in [[Miskolc]] and the stations of [[Pécs]], [[Győr]], [[Debrecen]], [[Szeged]] and [[Székesfehérvár]].

The only city with an [[rapid transit|underground]] railway system is [[Budapest]] with its [[Budapest Metro|Metro]].

In Budapest there is also a [[regional rail|suburban rail]] service in and around the city, operated under the name [[HÉV]].

===Rail system===
* Total: 7,606&nbsp;km
** [[Standard-gauge railway|Standard gauge]]: 7,394&nbsp;km {{RailGauge|1435mm}} gauge (2,911&nbsp;km electrified; 1,236&nbsp;km double track)
** [[Russian gauge|Broad gauge]]: 36&nbsp;km {{RailGauge|1520mm|lk=on}} gauge
** [[Narrow-gauge railway|Narrow gauge]]: 176&nbsp;km {{RailGauge|760mm|lk=on}} gauge (1998)

====Rail links with adjacent countries====
* Same gauge:
** [[Transport in Austria|Austria]] (6 line)
** [[Transport in Croatia|Croatia]] (3 line)
** [[Transport in Romania|Romania]] (5 line)
** [[Transport in Serbia|Serbia]] (2 line)
** [[Transport in Slovakia|Slovakia]] (10 line)
** [[Transport in Slovenia|Slovenia]] (1 line)
* [[Break-of-gauge]] – {{RailGauge|sg}} / {{RailGauge|1520mm}}
** [[Transport in Ukraine|Ukraine]] (2 line)

==Airports==
[[Image:Liszt Ferenc Repuloter 2-es terminal varocsarnok 05.JPG|275px|thumb|right|[[Budapest Liszt Ferenc International Airport]] inside of SkyCourt]]
[[Image:Sármellék Airport Terminal and Germania 737-700.jpg|right|thumb|250px|[[Hévíz–Balaton Airport]] - inside]]
{{main|List of airports in Hungary}}
There are 43-45 airports in Hungary, including smaller, unpaved airports, too. The five international airports are [[Budapest Ferihegy International Airport|Budapest-Liszt Ferenc]], [[Debrecen International Airport|Debrecen Airport]], [[Hévíz–Balaton Airport|Hévíz–Balaton International Airport]] (previously ''Sármellék,'' also called FlyBalaton for its proximity to [[Lake Balaton]], Hungary's number one tourist attraction), [[Győr-Pér International Airport|Győr-Pér]] and [[Pécs-Pogány International Airport|Pécs-Pogány]] (as of 2015. there are no regular passenger flights from Győr-Pér and Pécs-Pogány). [[Malév Hungarian Airlines]] ceased operations in 2012.

;Airports with paved runways:
Total: 20 (1999 est.)
* Over 3,047 m: 2
* 2,438 to 3,047 m: 8
* 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4
* 914 to 1,523 m: 1
* Under 914 m: 1

;Airports with unpaved runways
Total: 27 (1999 est.)
*2,438 to 3,047 m: 3
* 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5
* 914 to 1,523 m: 12
* Under 914 m: 7

===International airports===
[[List of airports in Hungary]];
The following are the largest airports in Hungary (In descending order for 2015):
* [[Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport]] (BUD)
* [[Debrecen International Airport]] (DEB)
* [[Hévíz–Balaton Airport]] (SOB)
* [[Győr-Pér International Airport]] (QGY)
* [[Pécs-Pogány International Airport]] (PEV)

===Heliports===
Hungary has five heliports.<ref name="Texas Tech University Office of International Affairs - Hungary">{{cite web|title=Hungary|url=http://www.iaff.ttu.edu/Home/DPE/CurricMaterial/Hungary.asp|publisher=Texas Tech University - Office of International Affairs}}</ref>

==Waterways==
1,373&nbsp;km permanently navigable (1997)

===Ports and harbors===
The most important port is [[Budapest]], the capital. Other important ones include [[Dunaújváros]] and [[Baja, Hungary|Baja]].

Ports on the [[Danube]]:
* '''[[Győr]]-[[Gönyű]]''' ([[Port of Győr]])
* [[Komárom]]
* '''[[Budapest]]''' ([[Port of Csepel]])
* '''[[Dunaújváros]]''' ([[Port of Dunaújváros]])
* [[Dunavecse]]
* [[Madocsa]]
* [[Paks]]
* [[Fadd, Hungary|Fadd]]-[[Dombori]]
* [[Bogyiszló]]
* '''[[Baja, Hungary|Baja]]''' ([[Port of Baja]])
* '''[[Mohács]]''' ([[Port of Mohács]])

Ports on the [[Tisza]]:
* '''[[Szeged]]''' ([[Port of Szeged]])

===Merchant marine===
* Total: 2 ships (with a volume of {{GT|1,000|disp=long}} or over) totaling {{GT|12,949}}/{{DWT|14,550|metric|disp=long}}
* Ships by type: [[cargo ship]] 2 (1999 est.)

==Transport in cities==

===Transport companies of cities===
*[[Budapesti Közlekedési Központ|BKK]] ([[Budapest]]) (buses, trams, trolley buses and metro)
* [[DKV Zrt.]] ([[Debrecen]]) (buses, trams & trolley buses)
* [[MVK Zrt.]] ([[Miskolc]]) (buses and trams)
* [[SzKT Kft.]] ([[Szeged]]) (trams and trolley buses only; buses belong to Volánbusz)
* Tüke Busz Zrt. ([[Pécs]]) (buses)
* [[KT Zrt.]] ([[Kaposvár]]) (buses)
* T-busz Kft. ([[Tatabánya]]) (buses) 
* V-busz Kft. ([[Veszprém]]) (buses) 
* [[:hu:Kecskeméti_Közlekedési_Központ|KeKo]] ([[Kecskemét]]) (buses)

In the rest of the cities and towns local transport is provided by [[Volánbusz]] companies that also provide intercity bus lines.


=== Metro ===
{{main|Budapest Metro}}
[[Image:BKV metro 2014.svg|50px|left]]

The '''Budapest Metro''' ({{langx|hu|Budapesti metró}}) is the [[rapid transit]] system in the [[Hungary|Hungarian]] capital [[Budapest]].  Its line 1 (opened in 1896) is the oldest electrified underground railway on the [[European continent]]. The [[Budapest Metro|second (red) line]] was opened in 1970, [[Budapest Metro|third (blue) line]] was opened in 1976, the newest line is the [[Budapest Metro|fourth (green)]], it was opened in 2014.

<gallery class="center" widths="185px" heights="185px" perrow="4">
File:Bajza utca platform.jpg|Bajza utca station, M1
File:Budapest, metró 2, Batthyány tér, 11.jpg|Batthyány tér, M2
File:Budapest Metro Határ út.JPG|Határ út, M3
File:Budapest, metró 4, Móricz Zsigmond körtér, 17.jpg|Móricz Zsigmond körtér, M4
</gallery>

===Trams===
{{see also|Trams in Europe|List of town tramway systems in Hungary}}
[[Image:Hungary road sign E-041.svg|50px|left]]
The busiest traditional city tram line in the world is still route 4/6 in [[Trams in Budapest|Budapest]], where 50-meter long trams run at 120 to 180 second intervals<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bkk.hu/en/timetables/#H6 |title=Timetables {{!}} Budapesti Közlekedési Központ|website=www.bkk.hu|language=en-US|access-date=2017-02-06}}</ref> at peak time and are usually packed with people. A part of this route is the same as where electric trams made their world first run in 1887. Since the 2000s, the Budapest tram network has been improved, by ordering new trams ([[Combino Supra]] and [[CAF Urbos 3]]) as well as extending some lines (such as line 1 to Kelenföld railway station).
{{col-begin}}
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====Cities with tram lines====
* [[Budapest]] (since November 28, 1887)
* [[Miskolc]] (since July 10, 1897)
* [[Szeged]] (since October 1, 1908)
* [[Debrecen]] (since March 16, 1911)
* [[Hódmezővásárhely]] (since November 29, 2021)
{{col-2}}

====Cities with former tram lines====
* Szombathely (1897–1974)
* Sopron (1900–1923)
* Nyíregyháza (1905–1969)
* Pécs (1913 – August 31, 1960)
{{col-end}}

<gallery class="center" widths="185px" heights="185px" perrow="4">
Image:MiskolcV1V2.jpg|[[Trams in Miskolc]]
Image:Szeged, Tatra KT4DM č. 205.jpg|[[Trams in Szeged]]
Image:Debrecen tram stop.jpg|[[Trams in Debrecen]]
Image:Stadler CityLink in Hódmezővásárhely railway station terminus.jpg|[[Szeged-Hódmezővásárhely Tram-train]]
</gallery>

There were some towns, where [[narrow-gauge railway]]s were used as tram lines or [[interurban]] lines (for example: [[Sárospatak]], [[Sátoraljaújhely]], [[Békéscsaba]], [[Békés]], [[Cegléd]]). These lines were closed in the 1970s.

=== Trolleybus ===
{{see also|List of trolleybus systems}}
[[Image:Hungary road sign E-040.svg|50px]]
Trolleybuses can be found in three cities: [[Budapest]], [[Debrecen]] and [[Szeged]].

==Pipelines==
* [[Crude oil]]: 1,204&nbsp;km
* [[Natural gas]]: 4,387&nbsp;km (1991)

==See also==
* [[Hungary]]
* [[Hungarian State Railways]]
* [[List of airports in Hungary]]
* [[List of motorways in Hungary]]
* [[Plug-in electric vehicles in Hungary]]
* [[HÉV|Suburban railway lines in Budapest]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://vasut.kteam.hu/indexen.html Public Transport and Railways in Hungary]

{{Hungary articles}}
{{Transportation in Europe}}

[[Category:Transport in Hungary| ]]