View source for Transport express régional

{{short description|French commuter rail}}
{{redirect|TER}}
{{Infobox public transit
|box_width                   =
|name                        = Transport express régional
|image                       = Logo TER.svg 
|alt                         =
|imagesize                   = 120px
|image2                      = Moreuil - X73595 en gare.jpg
|alt2                        =
|imagesize2                  = 250px
|image3                      =
|alt3                        =
|imagesize3                  =
|caption2                    = A [[SNCF Class X 73500]] train at [[Moreuil]] station
|owner                       = French regional governments
|locale                      =
|transit_type                = Regional rail
|lines                       =
|stations                    =
|ridership                   = 800,000
|annual_ridership            =
|chief_executive             =
|headquarters                =
|website                     =
|callcentre                  =
|began_operation             = 31 March 1984
|operation_will_start        =
|ended_operation             =
|operator                    = [[SNCF]]
|marks                       =
|vehicles                    =
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'''Transport express régional''' ({{IPA|fr|tʁɑ̃spɔʁ ɛksprɛs ʁeʒjɔnal}}, usually shortened to '''TER''') is the brand name used by the [[SNCF]], the French national railway company, to denote rail service run by the [[regional councils of France]], specifically their organised transport authorities. The network serves French regions; [[Île-de-France (region)|Île-de-France]] ([[Transilien]]) and [[Corsica]] ([[Chemins de fer de la Corse|CFC]]) have their own specific transport systems. Every day, over 800,000 passengers are carried on 5,700 TER-branded trains.<ref name="ter2030">{{in lang|fr}} [http://www.sncf.com/resources/fr_FR/press/kits/PR0002_20080617.pdf Le TER en 2030] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716095905/http://www.sncf.com/resources/fr_FR/press/kits/PR0002_20080617.pdf |date=2011-07-16 }} ''SNCF'' Retrieved 2011-02-15</ref>

TER is part of [[SNCF Voyageurs]], a branch of the SNCF dealing with urban and regional passenger rail, which also includes [[Transilien]], [[Intercités]], [[Chemins de fer de la Corse]] (CFC), [[Keolis]], and Effia.

==Overview==
SNCF established the TER system in 1984 to provide a framework for the management of regional passenger services. Since the end of the 1990s, it has been closely coordinated with the regional councils, who sign an agreement with SNCF on the designated routes, the number of connections, the fares and the service levels.

TER services are heavily subsidised by French taxpayers. On average, 72% of the cost is borne by the State and the regional councils, with the travellers paying only about 28% of the cost. This cost tends to increase over time because the regional councils have steadily expanded the number of services.

TER trains consist of single or multiple-unit diesel, electric or dual-mode rail cars, as well as some [[Corail (train)|Corail]] carriages previously used on intercity routes.

==Transfer of administration==
[[File:La Vesse-a.jpg|thumb|A [[TER Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur]] between [[Marseille]] and [[Miramas]]]]
Seven régions have been experimenting with the transfer of administration of the regional rail network since 1997: [[Alsace]], the [[Centre-Val de Loire]], [[Nord-Pas-de-Calais]] (the North), [[Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur]], [[Rhône-Alpes]] and the [[Pays de la Loire]] (Loire Valley), and, since January 1999, [[Limousin (région)|Limousin]].

In 1998, the traffic increased to an average of 4.9% in these seven régions compared with 3.2% in other regions.

A few other regions are in turn signing on ''conventions interimédiaires'' in order to prepare for the increasing decentralization of the network: in particular, [[Haute-Normandie]] in September 1997, [[Midi-Pyrénées]] and  [[Bourgogne|Burgundy]] November 1997, [[Picardy]] in January 1998, and [[Lorraine (région)|Lorraine]] in February 1998.

===History of the regionalization of passenger trains===
* 31 March 1994: The publication of the report ''Régions, SNCF : vers un renouveau du service public'' by the [[Hubert Haenel|Haenel]] commission.
* 4 February 1995: The law of management and development of territory organized the transfer of responsibility of collective transportation in the interest of administrative regions.
* 19 December 1996: Signing of the first convention with the region of [[Rhône-Alpes]].

===Budgets affecting the public rail network===
Several figures released by the regions: 
{|class="wikitable"
!Region
!TER Budget 
!colspan="2"|Portion of the<BR>yearly regional budget
!Status
|-
|Alsace
|€220 M
|39%
|(2004)
|experimental regionalization since 1997
|-
|Bretagne
|€100 M
|14%
|(2005)
|
|-
|Bourgogne
|€100 M
|25%
|(2005)
|
|-
|Champagne Ardennes
|€55 M
|12.5%
|(2004)
|
|-
|Franche-Comté
|€70 M
|20%
|(2005)
|
|-
|Lorraine
|€250 M
|45%
|(2005)
|
|-
|Picardie
|€130 M
|20%
|(2002)
|intermediate agreement since January 1998
|-
|Nord-Pas-de-Calais
|€260 M
|21%
|(2003)
|experimental regionalization since 1997
|-
|Rhône-Alpes
|€500 M
|30%
|(2005)
|experimental regionalization since 1997
|-
|}
These figures do not take into account infrastructure expenses.

==TER and tourism==
The SNCF have designated ten TER services as ''trains touristiques'' (touristic trains). They are:
* The [[TER Corse|Chemins de fer de Corse]] ([[Corsica]]n trains) : trains operated from [[Bastia]] and [[L'Île-Rousse]] to [[Ajaccio]]
* The Train des Merveilles (Train of Wonders) : trains operated in the hills of [[Nice]] between the metropolis and [[Tende]]
* The Train des Gorges de l'Allier (Allier Gorges train) : trains operated between [[Langeac]] and [[Langogne]].
* The [[Ligne de Saint Gervais – Vallorcine]] (Mont-Blanc Express)
* The [[Ligne de Cerdagne]]/''train jaune'' (Yellow Train) : trains operated from [[Villefranche-de-Conflent]] and [[Latour-de-Carol]]-[[Enveitg]] (Andorra/Spain borders)
* The Autorail Espérance (Hope rail car) : gastronomical train between [[Bergerac, Dordogne|Bergerac]] and [[Sarlat]]
* The [[Chemin de fer du Blanc-Argent]] : services between [[Valençay]] and [[Salbris]]
* The Train des Alpes (Alps train) : trains operated between [[Marseille]] and [[Briançon]] (Intervilles trains) and between [[Gap, Hautes-Alpes|Gap]] and [[Grenoble]]
* The Ligne des Hirondelles (Swallows line) : between [[Dole, Jura|Dole]] and [[Saint-Claude, Jura|Saint-Claude]]
* The Ligne de la Côte Bleue (Blue Coast line) : suburban services operated from [[Marseille]] to [[Miramas]] or [[Avignon]] TGV via the Blue Coast creeks.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20011127100707/http://www.ter-sncf.com/ TER] - official

{{Transport express régional}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Transport express regional}}
[[Category:Transport express régional| ]]
[[Category:SNCF brands]]