View source for Trans Europ Express

{{Short description|European first-class railway service}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox rail service
| box_width   = 
| name        = Trans Europe Express
| logo        = TEE-Logo.svg
| logo_width  = 
| image       = 
| image_width = 
| caption     = The TEE logo.
| type        = International network of express trains
| status      = Defunct
| locale      = Western Europe
| predecessor = 
| first       = 2 June 1957
| last        = 28 May 1995<ref name="second-demise"/>
| successor   = Various, including [[EuroCity]], [[InterCity]], [[TGV]], [[Thalys]] and other systems.
| operator    = 
| formeroperator= The national railways of several European countries
| ridership   =  
| class       = 1957–1991: First class only<br>1993–1995 (Paris–Brussels only): First and second class
| access      = 
| seating     = 
| catering    = 
| observation = 
| entertainment= 
| baggage     = 
| otherfacilities= 
| gauge       = 
| el          = Various different [[voltage]]s, depending on country
| map         = 
| map_state   = 
}}

The '''Trans Europ Express''', or '''Trans-Europe Express''' (TEE), was an international first-class railway service in western and central Europe that was founded in 1957 and ceased in 1995. At the height of its operations, in 1974, the TEE network comprised 45 trains, connecting 130 different cities,<ref name="second-demise">Haydock, David (June–July 1996). "The Second Demise of the TEE". ''[[Today's Railways Europe|Today's Railways]]'', p. 22–24. Platform 5 Publishing (UK). {{ISSN|1354-2753}}.</ref> from Spain in the west to Austria in the east, and from Denmark to Southern Italy.

==Origin==
The first services commenced on 2 June 1957 following an idea of F.Q. den Hollander, then president-director of the Dutch national railway company ([[Nederlandse Spoorwegen|NS]]).<ref name="second-demise"/><ref name=TRE>60 Years On: What's Left of the TEE ''[[Today's Railways Europe]]'' issue 264 December 2017 pages 28-33</ref> TEE was a network jointly operated by the railways of [[West Germany]] ([[Deutsche Bundesbahn|DB]]), France ([[SNCF]]), [[Switzerland]] ([[Swiss Federal Railways|SBB-CFF-FFS]]), Italy ([[Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane|FS]]) and the [[Netherlands]]. Although some trains passed through [[Belgium]] from the beginning, the Belgian national railway company ([[National Railway Company of Belgium|NMBS/SNCB]]) joined the program only in 1964. [[Luxembourg]] ([[Chemins de Fer Luxembourgeois|CFL]]) also joined at a later date.
[[File:RAeTEEAirolo.jpg|thumb|left|Swiss TEE [[Multiple unit|trainset]] capable of operating at four different voltages]]
The idea was for a network of fast and comfortable transnational trains that would be attractive to businessmen and other regular travellers.<ref name="nock1978">[[Oswald Nock|Nock, O.S.]] (1978). ''World Atlas of Railways''. New York: Mayflower Books (original publisher: Artists House, London, UK).  {{ISBN|0-8317-9500-X}}.</ref> All trains were [[First class travel|first-class]]-only and required payment of a special supplement over the normal first-class ticket price, the amount of which depended on the distance covered.<ref name="nock1978"/> Where possible, TEE trains' schedules were timed to allow a business traveller to make a round trip (return journey) within a single day and also have time for business activity at the destination.<ref name="nock1978"/> Each train was named, and all were expresses, stopping only at major cities. Some of the named trains had already existed for some years before creation of the TEE network and were simply newly designated as Trans-Europe Expresses in 1957 or later. For example, the ''[[Settebello (train)|Settebello]]'' had been in operation since 1953<ref name="nock1978"/> and the ''[[Rheingold (train)|Rheingold]]'' since 1951 (as a revival of a pre-World War II train). The network was launched in 1957 with trains serving 13 different routes.<ref name="second-demise"/>

==Rolling stock==
[[File:VT 11.5 in Munich (1970).jpg|thumb|[[Deutsche Bundesbahn|German]] [[DB Class VT 11.5]] [[Diesel multiple unit|diesel trainset]] that was used in TEE service until 1972 at [[München Hauptbahnhof]] in 1970]]
Initially, the system was a completely [[Diesel engine|diesel]] network. Because of the many different kinds of electrical specifications (voltages and current types – [[alternating current]] and [[direct current]]) used in the different countries it was thought at that time that use of [[Diesel locomotive|diesel-hauled]] trains or [[Diesel multiple unit|diesel multiple-unit trainsets]] would greatly speed up border crossing. Moreover, at that time many border crossing sections were not yet [[Overhead lines|electrified]]. The German [[Deutsche Bundesbahn|DB]] built the [[streamliner|streamlined]] [[DB Class VT 11.5]], while the [[Swiss Federal Railways]] (SBB) and the Dutch [[Nederlandse Spoorwegen|NS]] developed the [[SBB-CFF-FFS RAm TEE I and NS DE4|RAm / DE]], both diesel trains.

[[File:TEE L'Oiseau Bleu, Brussels, 1979.jpg|thumb|An [[SNCF CC 40100]] with the Brussels–Paris ''L'Oiseau Bleu'' TEE in 1979. By the 1970s most TEEs were [[Electric locomotive|locomotive]]-hauled, rather than [[Multiple unit|self-propelled]] trainsets.]]
However, the creation of the international TEE network provided impetus for the development of special electric [[Electric multiple unit|trainset]]s and [[electric locomotive]]s, capable of operating at two or more different voltages.<ref name="second-demise"/> The DB used the {{Convert|160|km/h|mph|abbr=on|adj=on}} [[DB Class E 10|E 10.12]] and the {{Convert|200|km/h|mph|abbr=on|adj=on}} [[DB Class 103]], among other types. The SBB developed its [[SBB RAe TEE II|RAe TEE II]] electric trainset, which was designed for four different [[railway electrification system]]s, and this type entered service in 1961. [[National Railway Company of Belgium|Belgian National Railways]] introduced its Type 150 locomotives (now called [[SNCB Class 15|Class 15]]) in 1962, capable of handling three different voltages, followed by the four-voltage Type 160 ([[SNCB Class 16|Class 16]]) in 1966 and [[SNCB Class 18 (Alsthom)|Class 18]] in 1973.<ref name="second-demise"/> Meanwhile, France's [[SNCF]] also developed and introduced ten quadruple-voltage locomotives, its [[SNCF CC 40100|Class CC 40100]], between 1964 and 1970.<ref name="second-demise"/>

By 1975, all but two (''[[Arbalète (train)|L'Arbalète]]'' and ''[[Bavaria (train)|Bavaria]]'') of the 43 TEE trains were electrically powered, and most were locomotive-hauled.<ref>''[[Thomas Cook European Timetable|Thomas Cook Continental Timetable]]'' (June 1–30, 1975 edition), p. 69. Peterborough, England: [[Thomas Cook Group|Thomas Cook Publishing]].</ref>

==Modification of service==
Originally the idea was to promote only international routes as TEE routes. This idea was abandoned in 1965 with the introduction of the French ''[[Le Mistral (train)|Le Mistral]]'' and the German ''[[Blauer Enzian]]''. Later, TEE trains serving single countries were also introduced on other routes in France and Germany as well as in Italy, but most TEE routes continued to be international.

==Growth==
[[File:TEE Network 1974 winter.svg|thumb|The TEE network at its maximum extent (1974)]]
The network grew in the course of the years, adding three more countries: Spain ([[Renfe]]), [[Denmark]] ([[DSB (railway company)|DSB]]) and [[Austria]] ([[ÖBB]]). The system reached furthest in 1974.<ref name=TRE/> However, of these three only Renfe became a TEE member; the other two countries had TEEs running through them but the rail administrations were never members. In the late 1970s, the TEE network comprised 39 different named trains, serving 31 routes.<ref name="nock1978"/> A few routes had more than one TEE train concurrently; for example, the Paris–Brussels route had four TEEs, running at different times of the day.

==Contraction and end==

From the late 1970s onward, gradually more and more Trans-Europe Express trains were replaced by other trains giving a similar kind of service but also carrying [[Travel class#Trains|2nd class]].  Business travellers used air travel more and more. In 1971 DB completely restructured the network with the coming of the new similar but national [[InterCity]] services, which added second class in 1979, resulting in successively fewer TEE services and more InterCity services in the course of time. The introduction of the [[TGV]] service in France in 1981, and its subsequent expansion, along with expansion of [[high-speed rail]] lines in other European countries led to still more TEEs' being replaced by domestic high-speed trains.

After 1984 most services were abandoned, leaving only some national services in (mostly) Italy and France and very few international services. Most trains were replaced by a new international intercity network with the name [[EuroCity]] which provides both 1st and 2nd class service. The EuroCity network began operating on 31 May 1987, and with effect from that date the last remaining international Trans-Europe Express trains were redesignated or withdrawn,<ref >''Thomas Cook Continental Timetable'' (May 1–30, 1987 edition), p. 51. Thomas Cook Publishing. {{ISSN|0952-620X}}.</ref> except the ''[[Gottardo (train)|Gottardo]]''  (reclassified as EuroCity in September 1988),<ref >''[[Thomas Cook European Timetable]]'' (April 1988 edition), p. 69. Thomas Cook Publishing.</ref> but in name, the TEE designation continued to be used for a few domestic trains operating entirely within France until 1 June 1991.

[[Image:DB Museum Nuernberg Trans Europe Express.JPG|thumb|TEE in the [[DB Museum]]|left]]
In September 1993 certain former TEE trains operating non-stop journeys between Brussels and Paris (or vice versa), which had been converted to EuroCity and offered both first- and second-class coaches, were rebranded as Trans-Europe Expresses, but remaining two-class trains. This was during a transition of Paris–Brussels express services to a new TGV alignment, and initially included the trains ''[[Brabant (train)|Brabant]]'', ''[[Île de France (train)|Île de France]]'', ''[[Rubens (train)|Rubens]]'' and ''[[Watteau (train)|Watteau]]'', all four serving the route in both directions.<ref>''Thomas Cook European Timetable'' (July 1994 edition), p. 69. Thomas Cook Publishing.</ref> However, by 1995 the only TEE-branded trains remaining were the northbound ''Île de France'' (train 85) and southbound ''Watteau'' (train 88), the opposing-direction trains carrying the same names having already been converted to TGV stock (and designation), and these last two TEEs were replaced by TGV trains with effect from 29 May 1995, once again ending the formal use of the Trans-Europ Express name.<ref name="second-demise" /> These few Paris–Brussels (or vice versa) expresses, operated 1993–1995, were the only TEE-designated trains ever to carry second-class carriages (they were in effect EuroCity services). A few trains continued to utilise TEE branded coaches until 1 June 1996, but the trains themselves were no longer classified as TEEs.<ref name="second-demise" />

==Proposed new TEE network (2020s)==
In September 2020, Germany made proposals for a new Trans Europe Express TEE 2.0 network.<ref>[https://www.railjournal.com/passenger/main-line/germany-calls-for-a-new-trans-europe-express-tee-2-0-network Germany calls for a new Trans Europe Express TEE 2.0 network，IRJ]/</ref><ref>[https://www.bmvi.de/SharedDocs/EN/Documents/K/innovative-rail-transport-overnight-21-09-2020.pdf?__blob=publicationFile bmvi.de]</ref> Proposed routes in the short term include:
*Amsterdam – Paris – Barcelona
*Brussels – Berlin – Warsaw
*Amsterdam – Frankfurt – Zürich – Rome
*Barcelona – Frankfurt – Berlin
Proposed daytime high-speed TEE 2.0 routes following the completion of new lines<ref>such as the [[Brenner Base Tunnel]] (Austria-Italy), [[Fehmarn Belt Fixed Link|Fehmarn Link]] (Denmark-Germany) and the new [[Wendlingen–Ulm high-speed railway|Stuttgart – Ulm high-speed line]] in Germany.</ref> include:
*Stockholm – Hamburg – Paris
*Stockholm – Berlin – Munich
*Rome – Verona – Munich – Berlin
*Paris – Munich – Budapest

There are also proposals for night train networks proposed in the short-term which are remarkably similar to [[Deutsche Bahn]]'s former [[City Night Line]] network, which DB discontinued in 2016. Most of the routes in the short-term network are currently operated by Austrian Federal Railways ([[ÖBB]]) as part of its [[Nightjet]] network although a proposed Frankfurt – Lyon – Barcelona service would offer a direct rail services that has not been possible for many decades. Overnight routes proposed in the longer term include two routes from Stockholm, one serving both Amsterdam and Paris, the other running via Prague to Vienna and Budapest.

In May 2021, TRANSPORT ministers from multiple [[European Union]] (EU) member states have signed a letter of intent to create the Trans-Europe Express (TEE) 2.0 network first announced in September 2020 during the German presidency of the EU.<ref>[https://www.railjournal.com/policy/tee-2-0-plans-expand-as-eu-ministers-sign-up/ TEE 2.0 plans expand as EU ministers sign up, IRJ]</ref> The Agreement includes the development of a regular interval timetable. Member states will also identify operators interested in taking part.

The signing took place during a conference organised by German federal transport minister, Mr Andreas Scheuer, on 17 May, and includes a number of pledges which expand the initial TEE 2.0 concept.<ref>[https://www.bmvi.de/SharedDocs/EN/Documents/E/concept-tee-2-0.pdf?__blob=publicationFile TEE 2.0 Concept]</ref>

The agreement foresees the development of a regular interval timetable on a pan-European basis to provide an alternative to short-haul flights and car journeys. The original German proposal for the TEE 2.0 concept assumes:

*TEE 2.0 services connect at least three EU member states or two member states over at least {{Convert|600|km|mi|abbr=on}}
*TEE 2.0 trains operate at a minimum of {{Convert|160|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} on a substantial part of the route or an average speed of more than {{Convert|100|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} on the entire route, and
*TEE 2.0 offers increased comfort, with free Wi-Fi and restaurant cars.

While the letter of intent is not legally binding, the signatories agree to identify which railway operators from their respective countries want to be involved in delivering future TEE 2.0 services. They also pledged to act as facilitators to ensure that rail operators and infrastructure managers in neighbouring countries make meaningful progress in developing TEE 2.0 plans.

In addition, the signatories agreed to request that the [[European Commission]] (EC) propose the launch of an EU financial assistance programme to invest in rolling stock that can operate across borders. They also agreed to lobby for further technical and operational improvements to facilitate the operation of cross-border rail services.

Under the new agreement, and to support the prospective operators, the EU member states promise to act as moderators in the development of timetables. They also vow to support the creation of an interoperable digital booking platform which supports booking international journeys offered by TEE 2.0 operators, which should be as straightforward as domestic journeys. How such a system would deal with the domestic parts of journeys to or from the high-speed rail network, and how third-party rail ticket sales websites might be included, is unclear.

A proposed network published after the conference has been expanded compared with the earlier iteration, which was centred on central Europe. It now includes routes that can be achieved relatively simply such as Barcelona – Nice – Venice as well as others such as Warsaw – Riga – Tallinn that rely on major new infrastructure projects now underway, in this case [[Rail Baltica]], which is due to open in 2026.

Some existing high frequency international links have also been included at the request of EU member states, including Amsterdam – London route serving non-EU member, Britain.

Separately, as part of the conference, Germany, the Czech Republic and Austria signed a Memorandum of Understanding for the future expansion of the Berlin – Dresden – Prague – Vienna Via Vindobona international connection. The declaration outlines the planned high-speed line and other infrastructure plans for the route.

==Cultural references==
The railway service was the subject of a [[Trans-Europe Express (album)|1977 album]] by [[Germany|German]] [[electronic music]] group [[Kraftwerk]], the music of which has been sampled multiple times and has thus ingrained the railway reference in a variety of musical genres. One of the locations from the 1992 video game ''[[Earnest Evans]]'' is based on a train using the Trans Europ Express.<ref>{{cite web |title=Earnest Evans Instruction Manual |url=https://segaretro.org/images/2/24/EarnestEvans_MD_US_Manual.pdf |website=Sega Retro |publisher=Renovation Productions |access-date=27 December 2022 |page=12 |format=PDF |date=1992}}</ref>

Trans-Europ Express also provides the title of a [[Trans-Europ-Express_(film)|1966 film]] by French director [[Alain Robbe-Grillet]], starring [[Jean-Louis Trintignant]].

{{-}}

==List of the TEE trains==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background:#FFFFFF; color:#000000;"
! style="width:110px;" | Train number
! style="width:140px;" | Name
!
! style="width:100px;" | Service start
! style="width:100px;" | Service end
|-
| TEE 92/93 || ''[[Adriatico (train)|Adriatico]]'' 
|Milano C – Bari|| {{dts|format=dmy|1973|06|3}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1987|5|30}}
|-
| TEE 8/9 || ''[[Albert Schweitzer (train)|Albert Schweitzer]]'' 
|Dortmund – Strasbourg|| {{dts|format=dmy|1980|06|2}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1983|5|27}}
|-
| TEE 78/79 || ''[[Ambrosiano]]'' 
|Milano – Roma|| {{dts|format=dmy|1974|5|26}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1987|5|30}}
|-
| TEE 1/2 || ''[[Aquitaine (train)|Aquitaine]]'' 
|Paris Austerlitz – Bordeaux|| {{dts|format=dmy|1971|5|23}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1984|5|30}}
|-
| TEE 7/8 (later 64/65) || ''[[Arbalète (train)|Arbalète]]'' 
|Paris Est – Basel SBB – Zürich HB|| {{dts|format=dmy|1957|06|2}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1979|5|26}}
|-
| TEE 88/89 || ''[[Aurora (Trans Europ Express)|Aurora]]'' 
|Roma – Reggio di Calabria|| {{dts|format=dmy|1974|5|26}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1975|5|31}}
|-
| TEE 14/15 || ''[[Bacchus (train)|Bacchus]]'' 
|München – Dortmund|| {{dts|format=dmy|1979|5|28}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1980|5|30}}
|-
| TEE 66/67 || ''[[Bavaria (train)|Bavaria]]'' 
|Zürich HB – München|| {{dts|format=dmy|1969|9|28}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1977|5|21}}
|-
| TEE 84/85|| ''[[Brabant (train)|Brabant]]'' 
|Paris Nord – Bruxelles Midi/Brussel Zuid – (Amsterdam CS)|| {{dts|format=dmy|1963|5|26}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1984|06|2}}
|-
| TEE 90/91 || ''[[Blauer Enzian]]'' 
|Hamburg-Altona – München – (Klagenfurt)<ref group="note">Route section between München and Klagenfurt operated 1969–1979, in summer and winter timetable periods only, last operating on 1 April 1979.</ref>|| {{dts|format=dmy|1965|5|30}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1979|5|26}}
|-
| TEE 74/75 || ''[[Le Capitole (train)|Le Capitole (du matin)]]'' 
|Paris-Austerlitz – Toulouse-Matabiau (morning train)|| {{dts|format=dmy|1970|9|27}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1982|5|23}}
|-
| TEE 76/77 || ''[[Le Capitole (train)|Le Capitole (du soir)]]'' 
|Paris-Austerlitz – Toulouse-Matabiau (evening train)|| {{dts|format=dmy|1970|5|27}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1984|9|29}}
|-
| TEE 70-71/72-73 || ''[[Catalan Talgo]]'' 
|[[Geneva]]-[[Gare de Cornavin|Cornavin]] – Barcelona|| {{dts|format=dmy|1969|06|1}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1982|5|22}}
|-
| TEE 13/14 (later 23/22) || ''[[Cisalpin (train)|Cisalpin]]'' 
|Paris-Lyon – [[Milan Central railway station|Milano Centrale]] – (Venezia)<ref group="note">Route section between Milano and Venezia operated in summer only, 1974 through 1979.</ref>|| {{dts|format=dmy|1961|07|1}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1984|1|21}}
|-
| TEE 68/69 || ''[[Colosseum (train)|Colosseum]]'' 
|Roma – Milano C|| {{dts|format=dmy|1984|06|3}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1987|5|30}}
|-
| TEE 36/37 || ''[[Cycnus (train)|Cycnus]]'' 
|Milano – Ventimiglia|| {{dts|format=dmy|1973|9|30}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1978|5|27}}
|-
| TEE 42/43 || [[Diamant (train)|''Diamant'' (I)]] 
|Dortmund – Antwerpen|| {{dts|format=dmy|1965|5|30}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1976|5|29}}
|-
| TEE 80/81 || [[Diamant (train)|''Diamant'' (II)]] 
|München – Hamburg-Altona|| {{dts|format=dmy|1979|5|27}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1981|5|27}}
|-
| TEE 90/93 || ''[[Edelweiss (train)|Edelweiss]]'' 
|Amsterdam – Zürich HB|| {{dts|format=dmy|1957|06|2}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1979|5|26}}
|-
| TEE 26/27 || ''[[Erasmus (train)|Erasmus]]'' 
|München – Nürnberg – Den Haag|| {{dts|format=dmy|1973|06|3}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1980|5|31}}
|-
| TEE 4/5 || ''[[Étendard (train)|Étendard]]'' 
|Paris Austerlitz – Bordeaux<ref group="note">Extended to Irun and from Hendaye, summer 1973 through summer 1975.</ref>|| {{dts|format=dmy|1971|8|26}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1984|5|30}}
|-
| TEE 82/85 || ''[[Étoile du Nord (train)|Étoile du Nord]]'' 
|Paris Nord – Amsterdam CS|| {{dts|format=dmy|1957|06|2}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1984|6|26}}
|-
| TEE 34/35 || ''[[Faidherbe (train)|Faidherbe]]'' 
|Paris Nord – Lille – Tourcoing|| {{dts|format=dmy|1978|10|2}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1991|06|1}}
|-
| TEE 16/17 || ''[[Friedrich Schiller (train)|Friedrich Schiller]]'' 
|Dortmund – Stuttgart|| {{dts|format=dmy|1979|5|27}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1982|5|19}}
|-
| TEE 14/15 (later 18/19) || ''[[Gambrinus (train)|Gambrinus]]'' 
|Hamburg-Altona – Köln (Cologne) – München|| {{dts|format=dmy|1978|5|29}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1983|5|27}}
|-
| TEE 36/37 || ''[[Gayant (train)|Gayant]]'' 
|Paris Nord – Lille – Tourcoing|| {{dts|format=dmy|1978|10|2}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1986|5|30}}
|-
| TEE 50/51 || [[Goethe (train)|''Goethe'' (I)]] 
|Frankfurt/Main – Paris Est|| {{dts|format=dmy|1970|5|31}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1975|5|31}}
|-
| TEE 24/25 || [[Goethe (train)|''Goethe'' (II)]] 
|Frankfurt/Main – Dortmund|| {{dts|format=dmy|1979|5|27}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1983|5|27}}
|-
| TEE 58/59 || ''[[Gottardo (train)|Gottardo]]'' 
|Zürich HB – Milano C|| {{dts|format=dmy|1961|07|1}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1988|9|24}}
|-
| TEE 28/29 || ''[[Heinrich Heine (train)|Heinrich Heine]]'' 
|Frankfurt/Main – Dortmund|| {{dts|format=dmy|1979|5|27}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1983|5|27}}
|-
| TEE 78/79 || ''[[Helvetia (train)|Helvetia]]'' 
|Zürich HB – Frankfurt/Main – Hamburg-Altona|| {{dts|format=dmy|1957|06|2}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1979|5|26}}
|-
| TEE 88/81|| [[Île de France (train)|''L'Ile de France'' (I)]] 
|Paris Nord – Amsterdam CS (only Paris–Brussels after 2 June 1984)|| {{dts|format=dmy|1957|06|2}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1987|5|30}}
|-
| TEE 85/80|| [[Île de France (train)|''L'Ile de France'' (II)]] 
|Paris Nord – Bruxelles Midi/Brussel Zuid|| {{dts|format=dmy|1993|9}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1995|5|28}}
|-
| TEE 91/92 || ''[[Iris (train)|Iris]]'' 
|Zürich – Bruxelles Midi/Brussel Zuid|| {{dts|format=dmy|1974|5|26}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1981|5|30}}
|-
| TEE 30/31 || ''[[Jules Verne (train)|Jules Verne]]'' 
|Paris Montparnasse – Nantes|| {{dts|format=dmy|1980|9|28}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1989|9|22}}
|-
| TEE 60/61 || ''[[Kléber (train)|Kléber]]'' 
|Paris Est – Strasbourg|| {{dts|format=dmy|1971|5|23}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1988|9|23}}
|-
| TEE 24/25 || ''[[Lemano (train)|Lemano]]'' 
|Milano C – Geneva-Cornavin|| {{dts|format=dmy|1958|06|1}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1982|5|22}}
|-
| TEE 45-46/47-48 || ''[[Ligure (train)|Ligure]]'' 
|Milano C – Avignon<ref group="note">Original western terminus was at Marseille (and train number 151/156 or 27/28); extended to Avignon in 1969.</ref>|| {{dts|format=dmy|1957|9|12}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1982|5|22}}
|-
| TEE 12/13 || ''[[Le Lyonnais (train)|Le Lyonnais]]'' 
|Paris-Lyon – Lyon Perrache|| {{dts|format=dmy|1969|02|9}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1976|9|26}}
|-
| TEE 84/85 || ''[[Mediolanum (train)|Mediolanum]]'' 
|München – Milano C|| {{dts|format=dmy|1957|10|15}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1984|06|2}}
|-
| TEE 86/79 || ''[[Memling (train)|Memling]]'' 
|Paris Nord – Bruxelles Midi/Brussel Zuid|| {{dts|format=dmy|1974|9|29}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1984|06|1}}
|-
| TEE 34/35 || ''[[Merkur (train)|Merkur]]'' 
|Stuttgart – Köln – København|| {{dts|format=dmy|1974|5|26}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1978|5|27}}
|-
| TEE 10/11 || ''[[Le Mistral (train)|Le Mistral]]'' 
|Paris-Lyon – Marseille St. C – Nice-Ville|| {{dts|format=dmy|1965|5|30}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1981|9|26}}
|-
| TEE 23/24 || ''[[Mont Cenis (train)|Mont Cenis]]'' 
|[[Gare de Lyon-Perrache|Lyon-Perrache]] – Milano C|| {{dts|format=dmy|1957|06|2}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1972|9|30}}
|-
| TEE 40/41 || ''[[Molière (train)|Molière]]'' (ex-''[[Paris–Ruhr]]'') 
|Paris Nord – Köln|| {{dts|format=dmy|1957|06|2}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1979|5|25}}
|-
| TEE 80/89 || ''[[L'Oiseau Bleu (train)|L'Oiseau Bleu]]'' 
|Paris Nord – Bruxelles Midi/Brussel Zuid|| {{dts|format=dmy|1957|06|2}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1984|06|2}}
|-
| TEE 32/33 || ''[[Parsifal (train)|Parsifal]]'' 
|Paris Nord – Dortmund – Hamburg-Altona|| {{dts|format=dmy|1957|9|29}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1979|5|26}}
|-
| TEE 26/27 || [[Prinz Eugen (train)|''Prinz Eugen'' (I)]] 
|Bremen – Passau – Wien Westbf.|| {{dts|format=dmy|1971|9|25}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1976|5|29}}
|-
| TEE 26/27 || [[Prinz Eugen (train)|''Prinz Eugen'' (II)]] 
|Hannover – Köln – Frankfurt/Main – Wien Westbf.|| {{dts|format=dmy|1976|5|30}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1978|5|27}}
|-
| TEE 10/11 || ''[[Rembrandt (train)|Rembrandt]]'' 
|München – Stuttgart – Amsterdam CS|| {{dts|format=dmy|1967|5|28}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1983|5|28}}
|-
| TEE 6/7 || ''[[Rheingold (train)|Rheingold]]'' 
|Amsterdam CS – [[Geneva]]-[[Gare de Cornavin|Cornavin]] (train)<ref group="note">Bern–Geneva section discontinued 6 April 1980, reinstated autumn 1980 as winter-only service; Basel–Geneva section discontinued 1982. However, during certain times of year both before 1982 and continuing after, the train carried through coaches to Chur and (until 1985) Milano, which were attached to ordinary express trains south of Basel.</ref>|| {{dts|format=dmy|1965|5|30}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1987|5|30}}
|-
| TEE 16/17 || ''[[Rheingold (train)|Rheingold]]'' 
|Amsterdam – Frankfurt – Nördlingen – München (coaches)<ref group="note">''Rheingold''{{'s}} München variant operated only in summer until 1985, then year-round until withdrawn; extended to/from Salzburg during the summer timetable periods in 1985 and 1986.</ref>|| {{dts|format=dmy|1982|5|23}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1987|5|30}}
|-
| TEE 21/22 || ''[[Rheinpfeil (train)|Rheinpfeil]]'' 
|Dortmund – Frankfurt/Main – München|| {{dts|format=dmy|1965|5|30}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1971|9|25}}
|-
| TEE 74/75 || [[Roland (train)|''Roland'' (I)]] 
|Bremen – Basel SBB – Milano C|| {{dts|format=dmy|1969|06|1}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1979|5|26}}
|-
| TEE 90/91 || [[Roland (train)|''Roland'' (II)]] 
|Bremen – Frankfurt/Main – Stuttgart|| {{dts|format=dmy|1979|5|28}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1980|5|29}}
|-
| TEE 78/79 || ''[[Rubens (train)|Rubens]]'' 
|Paris Nord – Bruxelles Midi/Brussel Zuid|| {{dts|format=dmy|1974|9|29}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1987|5|27}}
|-
| TEE 16/17 || ''[[Le Rhodanien (train)|Le Rhodanien]]'' 
|Paris-Lyon – Marseille St. C|| {{dts|format=dmy|1971|5|23}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1978|9|29}}
|-
| TEE 28/29 (later 20/21) || ''[[Saphir (train)|Saphir]]'' 
|Frankfurt/Main – Bruxelles Midi/Brussel Zuid|| {{dts|format=dmy|1957|06|2}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1979|5|26}}
|-
| TEE 68/69 || ''[[Settebello (train)|Settebello]]'' 
|Roma – Milano C|| {{dts|format=dmy|1974|5|26}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1984|06|2}}
|-
| TEE 62/63 || ''[[Stanislas (train)|Stanislas]]'' 
|Paris Est – Strasbourg|| {{dts|format=dmy|1971|5|24}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1982|9|25}}
|-
| TEE 83-86/87-88 || ''[[Ticino (train)|Ticino]]'' 
|Zürich HB – Milano C|| {{dts|format=dmy|1961|07|1}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1974|5|25}}
|-
| TEE 22/23 || ''[[Van Beethoven (train)|Van Beethoven]]'' (ex-''[[Rhein–Main (train)|Rhein–Main]]'') 
|Frankfurt/Main – Amsterdam CS|| {{dts|format=dmy|1957|06|2}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1979|5|26}}
|-
| TEE 94/95 || ''[[Vesuvio (train)|Vesuvio]]'' 
|Milano C – Roma – Napoli|| {{dts|format=dmy|1973|9|30}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1987|5|30}}
|-
| TEE 38/39 || [[Watteau (train)|''Watteau'' (I)]] 
|Paris Nord – Lille – Tourcoing|| {{dts|format=dmy|1978|10|2}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1991|06|1}}
|-
| TEE 89/88 || [[Watteau (train)|''Watteau'' (II)]] 
|Paris Nord – Bruxelles Midi/Brussel Zuid|| {{dts|format=dmy|1993|9}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1995|5|28}}
|}

;Notes
<references group="note"/>

==See also==
{{portal|Trains|Europe}}
* [[Lufthansa Airport Express]] – a non-TEE service whose trains were designated by "TEE" numbers by their operator, Deutsche Bundesbahn
* [[Train categories in Europe]]
*[[Ontario Northland Railway]], operator 4 RAm/DE train sets from 1977 to 1980s; most scrapped with 1 set in the Netherlands and 2 cars stored in [[North Bay, Ontario]]

==References==

===Notes===
{{reflist}}

===Bibliography===
* {{cite book|last=Malaspina|first=Jean-Pierre|title=Des TEE aux TGV|trans-title=TEE to TGV|series=Trains d'Europe|volume=1|year=2005|publisher=La Vie du Rail|location=Paris|isbn=2915034486|language=fr}}
* {{Malaspina-Mertens-TEE-fr}}
* {{Malaspina-Mertens-TEE-it}}
* {{Mertens-Malaspina-TEE-de}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Trans Europ Express}}
*[http://www.tee-classics.ch/index.html TEE Classics] – Swiss based society for the preservation of TEE motive power and rolling stock {{in lang|de}}
*[http://www.rail.lu/tee.html rail.lu:The TEE in Luxembourg] – images of TEE trains in Luxembourg
* {{Cite web
  |title=TEE Design: Railcars on Trans Europ Express posters
  |author=Arjan den Boer 
  |date=June 2017
  |url=http://retours.eu/en/14-design-trans-europ-express/
}}

{{Trans Europ Express trains}}

[[Category:Trans Europ Express| ]]
[[Category:Train-related introductions in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Europe]]