View source for Train categories in Europe

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
[[File:AnzeigetafelZuerich P1050192.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|right|[[Split-flap display|Sign panel]] displaying abbreviations of train categories]]
[[File:Information display on the side of Finnish InterCity train.JPG|upright=1.25|thumb|right|[[Passenger information system|Information display]] indicating the train's category and number (IC 86)]]
In [[Rail transport in Europe|Europe]], railway companies assign trains to different '''categories''' or '''train types''' depending on their role,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.trip.com/guide/train/europe-train.html |title=Europe Train Guide: Train Types, Seats & Facilities |publisher=[[Trip.com]] |date=2024-08-13 |access-date=2025-01-13}}</ref> i.e. based on the used [[rolling stock]], their speed ([[high-speed rail|high-speed]], [[higher-speed rail|higher-speed]], conventional), distance of travel (long, medium, short), stopping frequency ([[Inter-city rail|Inter-city]], [[limited express]], [[Express train|express]], [[limited-stop]], [[Regional rail|regional]], [[Commuter rail|commuter]]) and other criteria. Train categories/types often have specific abbreviations (e.g. [[InterCity|IC]]). In addition, different lines or individual trains may be numbered. The abbreviations (and numbers) are usually indicated in [[Public transport timetable|timetables]], [[passenger information system]]s and sometimes also on the [[destination sign]] of the train. There is no common classification scheme throughout Europe; each country has its own, although categories of internationally operating trains are used across borders (e.g. [[EuroCity|EC]]).

A train type is not essentially a trademark name. However, there are [[trademark]] names that are also used as train types, such as the [[Die Länderbahn#Vogtland-Express|VogtlandExpress]] (VX) or the former [[CityNightLine]] (CNL) and [[Cisalpino]] (CIS).

This article lists [[Europe]]an countries with their respective passenger train categories. [[Freight train|Goods trains]] have their own train types and are not considered here.  [[Passenger train]]s may be broadly split into long-distance and local trains; the latter having average journey times of under an hour and a range of less than {{convert|50|km}}.{{cn|date=January 2025}} Often, long-distance trains require different tickets and/or seat reservation.

International trains are commonly classified as [[EuroCity]] (EC), while domestic [[Inter-city rail]] services frequently run as [[InterCity]] (IC). Most [[sleeping car|night trains]] operate under the [[EuroNight]] (EN) or [[Nightjet]] (NJ) category.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nightjet.com/en/komfortkategorien/euronight |title=EuroNight Trains |publisher=ÖBB Nightjet |access-date=2025-01-04}}</ref>

Exceptionally, trains are neither publicly classified nor numberered in the [[rail transport in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]], but rather the brand of the operating company is used. In [[rail transport in Russia|Russia]], trains are only numbered and the number's digits defines the train's category.

==European long-distance and high-speed rail brands==
{{Further|Rail transport in Europe|High-speed rail in Europe}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name
!Abbreviation
!Service
!Region
|-
| [[Alvia]]
|
| [[High-speed rail in Spain|High-speed rail]]
| Spain
|-
| [[Alfa Pendular]]
| AP
| [[High-speed rail in Portugal|High-speed rail]]
| Portugal
|-
| [[Alta Velocidad Española]]
| AVE
| High-speed rail
| Spain
|-
| [[AVE#AVANT|Avant]]
| 
| High-speed rail
| Spain
|-
| [[Avlo]]
| 
| High-speed rail
| Spain
|-
| [[High-speed rail in Greece|Asimenio Velos]]
| 
| High-speed rail
| Greece
|-
| [[CrossCountry]]
| XC
| [[High-speed rail in the United Kingdom|High-speed rail]]
| United Kingdom
|-
| [[EuroCity]]
| EC
| [[Long-distance train]]
| [[List of EuroCity services|Various European countries]]
|-
| [[EuroCity-Express]]
| ECE
| [[Long-distance train]]
| Germany–Italy–Switzerland (Only called ECE in Germany, EC in Italy and Switzerland)
|-
| [[Euromed (train)|Euromed]]
|
| High-speed rail
| Spain
|-
| [[EuroNight]]
| EN
| [[Inter-city rail|Long-distance night train]]
| Various European countries
|-
| [[Eurostar]]
| EST
| [[High-speed rail]]
| United Kingdom–France, United Kingdom–Belgium–The Netherlands, France–Belgium–Germany, France-Belgium-The Netherlands
|-
| [[High-speed rail in Poland|Express InterCity Premium]]
| EIP
| [[High-speed rail]]
| Poland
|-
| [[Le Frecce|Frecce]]
| [[Frecciarossa|FR]], [[Frecciargento|FA]], [[Frecciabianca|FB]]
| [[High-speed rail in Italy|High-speed rail]]
| Italy, Italy–France
|-
| [[Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori|Italo]]
| NTV
| High-speed rail
| Italy
|-
| [[Intercity Direct]]
| ICD
| [[High-speed rail in the Netherlands|High-speed rail]]
| Netherlands, Netherlands–Belgium
|-
| [[Intercity-Express]]
| ICE
| [[High-speed rail]]
| Germany, Austria, Germany–Netherlands, Germany–Switzerland, Germany–Austria, Germany–France, Germany–Denmark, Germany–Belgium
|-
| [[Greater Western franchise|InterCity Great Western]],<br>[[InterCity East Coast]],<br>[[InterCity West Coast]]
| GW, GR, VT
| [[High-speed rail in the United Kingdom|High-speed rail]]
| United Kingdom
|-
|[[Nightjet]]
|NJ
|[[Inter-city rail|Long-distance night train]]
|Various European countries
|-
| [[Railjet]]
| RJ
| [[High-speed rail]]
| Austria, Austria–Hungary, Austria–Germany, Austria–Switzerland, Austria–Czech Republic, Czech Republic
|-
| [[Railjet|Railjet xpress]]
| RJX
| [[High-speed rail]]
| Austria, Austria–Switzerland, Austria–Slovakia
|-
| [[Southeastern (train operating company)#Highspeed|Southeastern Highspeed]]
| SC
| [[High-speed rail in the United Kingdom|High-speed rail]]
| United Kingdom
|-
| [[Train à Grande Vitesse]]
| TGV
| [[High-speed rail in France|High-speed rail]]
| France, [[TGV Lyria|France–Switzerland]], France–Germany, France–Italy, France–Luxembourg, France–Belgium, France–Spain<!-- Irun -->
|-
| [[Venice Simplon-Orient-Express]]
| VSOE
| [[Luxury train]]
| Different routes<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.belmond.com/trains/europe/venice-simplon-orient-express/journeys |title=Venice Simplon-Orient-Express (Journeys) |publisher=[[Belmond Limited]] |access-date=2025-01-14}}</ref>
|-
| [[X 2000]]
| X2
| [[High-speed rail in Sweden|High-speed rail]]
| Sweden, Sweden–Denmark
|}

===Former===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name
!Abbreviation
!Service
!Region
!Operation
|-
| [[Allegro (train)|Allegro]]
| AE
| [[High-speed rail]]
| Finland, Russia
| 2010–2022
|-
| [[Cisalpino]]
| CIS
| [[High-speed rail]]
| Italy, Germany, Switzerland
| 1993–2009
|-
| [[CityNightLine]]
| CNL
| [[Sleeping car|Overnight train]]
| Belgium, France, Italy, Switzerland and the Czech Republic
| 1995–2016
|-
|[[SBB RABDe 500|Intercity Tilting Train]]
|ICN
|[[High-speed rail in Switzerland|High-speed]] [[tilting train]], runs under the [[InterCity (Switzerland)|IC]] catetgory since 2018
|Switzerland
| 2000–2017
|-
| [[Orient Express]]
| 
| [[Luxury train]]
| Different routes ([[Paris]]–[[Istanbul]])
| 1883–2009
|-
| [[Trans Europ Express]]
| TEE
| [[Express train]]
| Mainly western Europe
| 1957–1995
|-
| [[Trenhotel]]
| TH
| [[Long-distance train]]
| Spain, Spain–Portugal, Spain–France, Spain–Switzerland, Spain–Italy
| 1991–2020
|}

==Austria and Germany==
===Austria===
{{Main|Austrian Federal Railways}}
{{Further|Rail transport in Austria}}
The table below summarizes train categories in [[Austria]]:
{| class="wikitable"
! Name !! Abbreviation !!Role
|-
| [[Railjet]] || RJ || Long-distance ({{lang|de|Fernverkehr}}), [[High-speed rail in Austria|High-speed rail]] services to Germany, Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, Slovakia and Switzerland. Uses [[push-pull train]] sets.
|-
| [[Intercity-Express]] || [[ÖBB Class 4011|ICE]] || Long-distance ({{lang|de|Fernverkehr}}), high-speed rail service to Germany.
|-
| [[EuroCity|Eurocity]] || EC || Long-distance train ({{lang|de|Fernverkehr}}) to destinations in other countries.
|-
| [[InterCity#Austria|InterCity]] || IC || Long-distance ({{lang|de|Fernverkehr}})
|-
|'' [[Durchgangszug|D-Zug]]'' || D || Long-distance ({{lang|de|Fernverkehr}})
|-
| [[Nightjet]] || NJ || Long-distance ({{lang|de|Fernverkehr}}), international overnight passenger train service.
|-
| ''[[Regional-Express]]'' || REX# || Local train that stops only at larger stations ({{lang|de|Nahverkehr}}). Lines are numbered.
|-
| ''[[Regionalzug]]'' || R || Regional train services ({{lang|de|Nahverkehr}}) that usually calls at all stations.
|-
| ''[[S-Bahn]]'' || S# || Local train in urban, suburban and regional transport ({{lang|de|Nahverkehr}}). ''S-Bahn'' networks exist in [[Carinthia S-Bahn|Carinthia]], [[Salzburg S-Bahn|Salzburg]], [[Styria S-Bahn|Styria]], [[Tyrol S-Bahn|Tyrol]], [[Upper Austria S-Bahn|Upper Austria]], [[Vorarlberg S-Bahn|Vorarlberg]], and [[Vienna S-Bahn|Vienna]]. Lines are numbered.
|-
| {{lang|de|U-Bahn}} || U# || [[Rapid transit]] in [[Vienna U-Bahn|Vienna]]. A small underground funicular is present in the car-free [[Tyrol (state)|Tyrolean]] town of [[U-Bahn Serfaus|Serfaus]]. Lines are numbered.
|}

=== Germany===
{{Main|Deutsche Bahn}}
{{Further|Rail transport in Germany}}
The following train categories exist in [[Germany]]:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://assets.static-bahn.de/dam/jcr:1f4beed5-532d-41e7-acd6-f30ac77e72d1/Bef%C3%B6rderungsbedingungen%20der%20DB%20AG%20-%20Stand%2007.02.2022.pdf#page=11|title=Beförderungsbedingungen Deutsche Bahn AG|author=<!--Not stated-->|language=de|date=7 February 2022|publisher=DB Vertrieb|access-date=11 February 2022|page=11}}
</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! Name !! Abbreviation !!Role
|-
| [[Eurocity-Express]] || ECE || International high-speed, long-distance services on the [[Frankfurt]] – [[Milan]] and [[Munich]] – [[Zürich]] routes
|-
| [[Intercity-Express]] || ICE || National and international high-speed, long-distance services
|-
| [[Intercity (Deutsche Bahn)|InterCity]] || IC || National and some international long-distance services
|-
| [[EuroCity]] || EC || International long-distance services
|-
| [[EuroNight]] || EN || International night train services
|-
| [[D-Zug]] || D || Fast local services with few stops; only operating as part of the ''Sylt Shuttle plus''
|-
| [[Interregio-Express]] || IRE || Fast local services over longer distances than usual Regional-Express trains
|-
| [[Regional-Express]] || RE || Fast local services with fewer stops
|- 
| [[Flughafen-Express]] || FEX || Local services connecting airports with the city centre
|-
| [[Metropolexpress]] || MEX || Fast local services with fewer stops; only existing in [[Baden-Württemberg]]
|-
| [[Regionalbahn]] || RB || Local services, stopping at all stations except where there is a parallel S-Bahn service
|-
| [[S-Bahn]] || S || Suburban services in major cities, those in Berlin and Hamburg operating on separate networks
|-
| [[Rapid transit in Germany|U-Bahn]] / ''[[Stadtbahn]]'' || U || Rapid transit in Berlin, Hamburg, Munich and Nuremberg and light rail in several other cities
|}

===Private operators===
{| class="wikitable"
! Name
! Abbreviation
! Role
|-
| [[Die Länderbahn#alex|alex]]
| ALX
| ''alex'' Interregio replacement IR 25 [[Munich]]–[[Oberstdorf]]–[[Lindau (Bodensee)|Lindau]] and [[Munich]]–[[Regensburg]]–[[Schwandorf]]–[[Hof (Saale)]]–[[Prague]] of the ''[[Regentalbahn|Länderbahn]]'', equates to the ''InterRegio'' service, but may be used with local fares or ''Bayern'' and {{lang|de|Schönes-Wochenende}} tickets ({{lit|nice weekend tickets}}) 
|-
|[[FlixTrain]]
|FLX
|[[FlixBus]] runs two long-distance train services: [[Stuttgart]] – [[Berlin]] and [[Cologne]] – [[Hamburg]]
|-
| [[Transdev Sachsen-Anhalt|Harz-Berlin-Express]]
| HBX
| [[Veolia Environnement#Transport activities|Veolia]] long-distance trains
|-
| [[Transdev Germany#InterConnex|InterConnex]]
| X
| [[Transdev Germany]] long-distance services, equating to the ''Interregio'' trains
|-
| [[Transdev Sachsen-Anhalt|Lausitz-Express]]
| LX
| [[Transdev Sachsen-Anhalt]] long-distance services
|-
| [[Metronom Eisenbahngesellschaft|metronom regional]]
| MEr
| [[Metronom Eisenbahngesellschaft]] local passenger trains stopping at all stations
|-
| {{lang|de|Mitfahrzug}}
|
| [[Internationale Gesellschaft für Eisenbahnverkehr|IGE]] long-distance services
|-
| [[Regiobahn]]
| S 28
| Train type and route number of a [[S28 (Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn)|private S-Bahn line]] of [[S-Bahn Rhein-Ruhr]]
|-
| [[Die Länderbahn#Vogtland-Express|Vogtland-Express]]
| VX
| [[Die Länderbahn]] long-distance trains
|-
| [[WESTbahn]]
| WB
| long-distance trains between [[Vienna]] and [[Stuttgart]] / [[Lindau]]
|}

==Belgium==
{{Main|NMBS/SNCB}}
{{Further|Rail transport in Belgium}}
In [[Belgium]], the following train categories exist:
{| class=wikitable
! Name
! Abbreviation
! Role
|-
| [[Eurostar]]
| EUR
| High-speed trains to Germany, France, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom (operated by SNCF, SNCB/NMBS and Eurostar UK Ltd.).
|-
| [[EuroCity]]
| EC
| International train meeting certain quality criteria.
|-
| [[Train à grande vitesse]]
| TGV
| High-speed trains to France (operated by [[SNCF]]).
|-
| [[Intercity Express]]
| ICE
| High-speed trains to Germany (operated by [[Deutsche Bahn|DB]])
|-
| International train
| INT
| Regular international train.
|-
| [[InterCity#Belgium|InterCity]] 
| IC
| A train connecting Belgium's major cities. These trains stop at the most important stations only, sometimes crossing national borders as well.
|-
| Rush-hour train
| P
| Additional scheduled train service that is limited to times at which the demand for a certain route is at its highest. The number of stops varies between trains.
|-
| Local train
| L
| Local trains usually connect larger cities, but will stop at (nearly) every station along the way. Similar to German {{lang|de|Regionalbahn}}.
|-
| [[S-Bahn|S-trains]]
| S#
| Suburban train connecting towns and cities around Belgium's major cities of Antwerp, [[Brussels S Train|Brussels]], Charleroi, Ghent and Liege. Stops at (nearly) every station. Each line will have a number (S1–S20 + S81 for Brussels, S1 + S32–S34 for Antwerp, S41–S44 for Liege, S51–S53 for Ghent, and S61–S64 for Charleroi).
|-
| Tourist train
| T
| Additional scheduled train service that is limited to times at which the demand for a certain touristic destination is at its highest. The number of stops varies between trains.
|-
| Extra train
| EXT
| Additional train service, used in case of exceptionally good weather to accommodate more passengers on routes to the coast or in case of special events such as concerts.
|-
| [[European Sleeper]]
| 
| [[Couchette car|Couchette train]] to the Netherlands, Germany and the Czech Republic.
|}

==Bulgaria==
{{Main|Bulgarian State Railways}}
{{Further|Rail transport in Bulgaria}}
Train categories in [[Bulgaria]] use the simplified model of the previous century. At the beginning of rail transport in Bulgaria there were only three categories of passenger trains: '''Бърз пътнически влак (БПВ)''' – Barz patnicheski vlak (Fast passenger train), the equivalent of the current Fast train; '''Обикновен пътнически влак (ОПВ)''' – Obiknoven patnicheski vlak (Regular passenger train), the equivalent of the current Passenger train and '''Смесен пътнически влак (СПВ)''' – Smesen patnicheski vlak, the equivalent of Mixed train. Using this basis [[Bulgarian State Railways|BDŽ]] now provides extended variety of these simple categories.

;ЕВ – Експресен влак [Ekspresen vlak] – Express train
: EV – Trains for medium and long distances, which stop only at the most major stations (in big cities or for a train connection). They provide higher comfort in the carriages and usually have catering and/or restaurant car. All the express trains used to have names (e.g. "Plovdiv Express", "Yantra Express", "Chaika Express", "Express Slanchev Bryag", "Diana Express" etc.) and sometimes unique livery, different from the other trains. There were also first-class-only trains (Express 100/101 "Plovdiv"). Because of an introduced regulation the average speed of the express trains to be at least 100&nbsp;km/h, all the express trains became BVZR trains. Tariff: same as BVZR.
:Reservation: obligatory.  Coaches: 1st class, 2nd class, restaurant car (or catering), sometimes luggage and/or mail car. Four of the express trains ("Shipka" and "Sinite kamani") used DMUs.
:''Currently not in service.''
;УБВ – Ускорен бърз влак [Uskoren barz vlak] – literally "Accelerated fast train"
: UBV – Trains for long distances, which stop only at one or two major stations in-between. They ran seasonally only between the capital and the seaside on Fridays and Sundays. For a short period of time this category was used as a synonym of BVZR trains. Tariff: same as BVZR.
:Reservation: obligatory.  Coaches: 1st class, 2nd class, bistro car.
:''Currently not in service.''
; БВЗР – Бърз влак със задължителна резервация [Barz vlak sas zadalzhitelna rezervatsia] – Fast train with obligatory reservation (also seen as R-БВ or БВ-R)
: BVZR – Trains for medium and long distances, which stop only at major stations. Usually former Express trains. Their average speed is not more than 100&nbsp;km/h. Some of these also have names, but with the word "express" removed.  Tariff: The tariff for BVZR is the most expensive in Bulgaria. The price for 100&nbsp;km in 2nd class is 8,70 BGN (4,45 EUR) and 10,90 BGN (5,57 EUR) in 1st class. Reservation costs 0,50 BGN (0,26 EUR). Some trains could be more expensive on partisular dates.
:Reservation: obligatory.  Coaches: 1st class, 2nd class; in the past: restaurant or buffet car (or catering), sometimes luggage and/or mail car.
; МБВ – Международен бърз влак [Mezhdunaroden barz vlak] – International fast train
: MBV – International trains have different terms of service. There are regular, seasonal and extra MBV trains as well as trains for only international journeys and ones that could be used as regular BV trains in the country.
:Tariff: Internal: same as BV; international: according to the contracts with the other countries.
:Reservation: Internal: optional; international: obligatory.  Coaches: international cars + cars for internal journeys (2nd class, sometimes 1st class, in the past: luggage and/or mail car). DMUs are also used between Bulgaria and Romania.
; БВ – Бърз влак [Barz vlak] – Fast train
: BV – Trains for medium and long distances, which stop only at major stations but more than express trains.
:Tariff: According to the tariff for BV the price for 100&nbsp;km in 2nd class is 5.90 BGN (3.02 EUR) and 7.40 BGN (3.78 EUR) in 1st class. Reservation costs 0.50 BGN (0.26 EUR). Some trains could be more expensive on partisular dates.
:Reservation: optional.  Coaches: 1st class, 2nd class; sleepers and couchette cars during the night; in the past: sometimes restaurant or buffet car, luggage and/or mail car. Sometimes EMUs or DMUs are also used.
; ПВ – Пътнически влак [Patnicheski vlak] – Passenger train
: PV – Trains for distances, longer than 100&nbsp;km, which stop at every station.
:Tariff: According to the tariff for PV the price for 100&nbsp;km in 2nd class is 5.20 BGN (2.66 EUR) and 6.50 BGN (3.32 EUR) in 1st class. Currently 1st class is not available on passenger trains. Some trains could be more expensive on partisular dates.
:Reservation: not available.  Coaches: 2nd class; in the past: sometimes luggage and/or mail car; in case of first-class cars coupled, the taxes are the same as second-class ones. Frequently operated by EMUs or DMUs.
; КПВ – Крайградски пътнически влак [Kraigradski patnicheski vlak] – Local passenger train
: KPV – Trains for distances, shorter than 100&nbsp;km, which stop at every station. Frequently operated by EMUs or DMUs. Tariff: same as PV.
:Reservation: not available.  Coaches: 2nd class; in the past: sometimes luggage and/or mail car; in case of first-class cars coupled, the taxes are the same as second-class ones.
;СВ – Смесен влак [Smesen vlak] – Mixed train
: SV – Trains for short and medium distances with both passenger and freight carriages. They stop at every station and usually it is for a long time, because of the cargo services. Tariff: same as PV.
:Reservation: not available.  Coaches: same as PV + freight waggons.
:''Currently not in service.''

==Croatia ==
{{Main|HŽ Putnički prijevoz}}
There are several different ranks of passenger trains operating inside [[Croatia]] by {{lang|hr|HŽ Putnički prijevoz}} ([[Croatian Railways]]' sub-division responsible for passenger transport), as follows.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Train type Croatia {{!}} railcc |url=https://rail.cc/train-type/croatia/hr |access-date=2023-03-04 |website=rail.cc}}</ref>

Since a large number of fast, semi fast, regional and local trains have commuter-oriented schedules, they often offer passengers daily migration to the large city areas from more distant towns and settlements – between {{cvt|50 and 100|km}} – and vice versa. This can, for example, refer to the railway connection of the Central Croatia's wider region with [[Zagreb metropolitan area]].

{| class="wikitable"
! Name
! Abbreviation<ref>{{cite web |title=Vozni red: sastav i razdoblje prometovanja vlakova i izravnih vagona EuroCity, EuroNight, InterCity i brzih vlakova |url=https://www.hzpp.hr/Media/Default/Documents/VOZNI%20RED%202025/Vozni%20red%20prosinac%202024/kurir%20-%20me%C4%91narodni%202025%20-%2013%20prosinca.pdf |publisher=[[HŽ Putnički prijevoz]] |lang=hr |access-date=25 March 2025 |page=1 |date=2025-02-03}}</ref>
! Role
|-
| [[EuroCity]]
| EC
| International train between [[Zagreb Glavni kolodvor|Zagreb main station]] and [[Wien Hauptbahnhof|Wien Hbf]] or [[Frankfurt (Main) Hbf]] (via {{rws|Maribor}}, [[Villach Hauptbahnhof|Villach Hbf]]).
|-
| [[EuroNight]]
| EN
| International [[Sleeping car|night trains]] to {{rws|Stuttgart Hbf}} and {{rws|Zürich HB}}.
|-
| [[InterCity#Croatia|InterCity]]
| IC
| These trains are rare in Croatia. They operate on long national and international routes and usually serve only the largest stations along the way. Currently, the only InterCity services in Croatia are Zagreb – [[Budapest Keleti|Budapest]] and Zagreb – [[Osijek]].
|-
| [[InterCity Nagibni|InterCity nagibni]]
| ICN
| [[Tilting train]] services connecting Zagreb with [[Split, Croatia|Split]] during the day, also serving decent amount of larger stations along their route. Thanks to this technology, they can run faster than conventional trains. Contrary to regular overnight fast trains between Zagreb and Split with scheduled travelling time of circa 8 hours in total, tilting trains on the Zagreb–Split route (lines [[M202 railway (Croatia)|M202]] and [[M604 railway (Croatia)|M604]]) offer passengers journeys with a riding times of about 6 hours.
|-
| {{lang|hr|Brzi}}
| B
| Fast trains operating on medium to long distances, serving only stations in larger settlements along the track. Their purpose is very similar to InterCity trains.
|-
| {{lang|hr|Ubrzani}}
| 
| {{lang|hr|Ubrzani}} ({{lit|accelerated}}) trains operate on medium to long distances and their purpose is to serve destinations which have justified number of passengers. Functionally, they are similar and use the same rolling stock as the slower passenger trains, but they skip certain smaller stations.
|-
| {{lang|hr|Putnički}}
| 
| {{lang|hr|Putnički}} ({{lit|passenger}}) trains cover short, medium and long distances and generally serve all stations along their route, representing the largest part of passenger trains on the nationwide level. They are mainly used by local residents traveling between smaller settlements and larger centres/railway hubs or by those who want to continue their journey further using mostly well-adjusted transfers – in both cases for daily migrations (school, work, hospital, shopping, etc.) or other reasons. These trains usually have daily frequencies that meet the needs of the local population.
|-
| {{lang|hr|Prigradski}}
| 
| {{lang|hr|Prigradski}} ({{lit|suburban}}) trains operate exclusively on the [[Zagreb Commuter Rail]] corridor and have the most frequent daily schedules of all types of train lines in Croatia. They are run by light motor sets that can be started and stopped quickly, and like the most of regional/local trains, they serve every station along their way. On the train lines operating within suburban areas of other larger towns, certain number of regional/local trains play the role of suburban trains.
|}

==Czech Republic==
{{Main|České dráhy}}
{{Further|Rail transport in the Czech Republic}}
The following train categories are present in the [[Czech Republic]]:
{| class="wikitable"
! Name
! Abbreviation
! Role
|-
| [[ČD Class 680|SuperCity]]
| SC
| Highest-standard trains requiring reservation, made of modern [[tilting train]] [[ČD Class 680|units]] operating on national and international routes. Stopping at region capitals only.
{{As of|February 2025}}, the SC 240/241 "Košičan" is not operated by Pendolino trains, but with classic EuroCity train. But SuperCity service has been added to Opava.

Some trains are replaced by classic-built sets due to the lack operational, Pendolino trains and are operated in the IC "Ostravan" category, but are not part of any other long-distance line. (No. 500 - 519)

[[Praha hlavní nádraží|Praha hl.n.]] – [[Praha-Libeň railway station|Praha Libeň]] -[[Pardubice main railway station|Pardubice hl.n.]] – [[Olomouc main railway station|Olomouc hl.n.]] – Ostrava-Svinov – (Opava východ)/  [[Ostrava main railway station|Ostrava hl.n.]] – [[Bohumín]]
|-
| [[Railjet]]
| rj
| Highest-standard trains, operating on international routes from 2014 (Berlin – Dresden - Ústí Nad Labem –) Prague – Pardubice – Brno – Vienna – Graz.
|-
| [[EuroCity]]
| EC
| Higher-standard international trains, consisting of new or modernised cars of several rail companies and stopping at selected stations only.
|-
| [[EuroNight]]
| EN
| International [[sleeping car|sleeper trains]].
|-
| [[European Sleeper]]
| ES
| Sleeper trains to Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium.
|-
| [[InterCity#Czech Republic|InterCity]]
| IC
| The highest category of national trains, with carriages and stopping frequencies comparable to the EC trains. 
|-
| Express
| Ex (IC)
| Faster trains linking regions, mostly faster and more comfortable than the R trains. Operate on Ex lines.
|-
| {{lang|cs|Rychlík}}<br>({{lit|Fast-Train}})
| R
| The lowest category of longer-distance train. Operates on R lines. They are mainly used for getting between districts of region, cities and [[Transport hub|transport hubs.]]
|-
| {{lang|cs|Spěšný vlak}}<br>({{lit|Regional&nbsp;Fast&nbsp;Train}})
| Sp
| Local medium distance trains stopping less often than Os but more than R at selected stations, mostly larger municipalities and cities. Operates on [[S-Bahn|S lines]].
|-
| {{lang|cs|Osobní vlak}}<br>({{lit|Regional&nbsp;Train}})
| Os
| Local trains stopping at every station. Operates on S lines. It is often centered around a larger city (often capital of a region/district).
|}

=== Private operators ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Abbreviation
!Role
|-
|Leo Express
|LE
|Private trains of IC category
|-
|Regiojet
|RJ
|Private trains of IC category
|}

==Denmark==
{{Further|Rail transport in Denmark}}
In [[Denmark]], the following train categories are used:
{| class="wikitable"
! Operator
! Name
! Abbreviation
! Role
! width=100|Typical&nbsp;maximum&nbsp;speed
!Rolling stock
|-
| rowspan=6 | [[Danish State Railways]]
| InterCityLyn+
(InterCityLightning+)
| ICL+ or IL
| Long-distance, with few or no intermediate stops
| {{cvt|180|km/h}}
| Class ER (IR4) EMUs<br>Class MF (IC3) DMUs<br>Class MG (IC4) DMUs
|-
| [[InterCityLyn]]<br>(InterCityLightning)
| ICL
| Long-distance, with fewer stops than InterCity
| {{cvt|180|km/h}}
| Class ER (IR4) EMUs<br>Class MF (IC3) DMUs<br>Class MG (IC4) DMUs
|-
| [[InterCity#Denmark|InterCity]]
| IC
| Long-distance
| {{cvt|180|km/h}}
| Class ER (IR4) EMUs<br>Class MF (IC3) DMUs<br>Class MG (IC4) DMUs
|-
| {{lang|da|Regionaltog}}
| Re
| [[Regional train]]s
| {{cvt|160–180|km/h}}
| Class EB (Siemens Vectron) electric locomotives<br>Class ME diesel-electric locomotives<br>Class BK/B/ABS (Bombardier TWINDEXX Vario) double-decker cars<br>Class ER (IR4) EMUs<br>Class MG (IC4) DMUs
|-
| ''[[Øresundstog]]''<br>(Øresund trains)
| Re/Ø
| Trains to and from [[Scania]] in Sweden, running as regional trains in Denmark
| {{cvt|180|km/h}}
| Class ET (X31K in Sweden) (Øresundstog/OTU) EMUs
|-
| {{lang|da|Københavns S-tog}}<br>([[S-train (Copenhagen)|Copenhagen S-trains]])
| S
| Local/suburban/commuter trains in [[Copenhagen]] ([[S-Bahn]])
| {{cvt|120|km/h}}
| Class SA/SE (4th gen S-trains) EMUs
|-
| rowspan=3 | [[Arriva]]
| {{lang|da|Regionaltog}}
| RX
| Regional trains in [[Jutland]]
| {{cvt|120|km/h}}
| [[Alstom LINT]] 41 DMUs<br>[[Siemens Desiro]] [[diesel multiple unit|DMUs]]
|-
| {{lang|da|Regionaltog}}
| RA
| Regional trains in Jutland
| {{cvt|120|km/h}}
| Alstom LINT 41 DMUs<br>Siemens Desiro DMUs
|-
| {{lang|da|Vestbanen}}/{{lang|da|Lokalbane 84}}<br>(Western railway/Local rail 84)
| L
| Local trains in South Jutland
| {{cvt|120|km/h}}
| Alstom LINT 41 DMUs
|-
| rowspan=2 | ''[[Nordjyske Jernbaner]]''<br>(North Jutland Railways)
| {{lang|da|Regionaltog}}
| Re
| Regional trains in [[North Jutland Region|North Jutland]]
| {{cvt|140|km/h}}<br>{{cvt|120|km/h}}
| Alstom LINT 41 DMUs<br>Siemens Desiro DMUs
|-
| {{lang|da|Lokaltog}}
| L
| Local trains in North Jutland
| {{cvt|140|km/h}}<br>{{cvt|120|km/h}}
| Alstom LINT 41 DMUs<br>Siemens Desiro DMUs
|-
| ''[[Midtjyske Jernbaner]]''<br>(Central Jutland Railways)
| {{lang|da|Lokaltog}}
|L
| Local trains in [[Central Jutland]]
| ?<br>{{cvt|120|km/h}}
| {{lang|da|Y-tog}} (Y-trains) DMUs?<br>Siemens Desiro DMUs
|-
| ''[[Lokaltog]]''
| {{lang|da|Lokaltog}}
| L
| Local trains on [[Zealand]] and [[Lolland]]
| {{cvt|120|km/h}}<br>{{cvt|140|km/h}}<br>{{cvt|120|km/h}}
| Alstom LINT 41 DMUs<br>IC2 DMUs<br>Siemens RegioSprinter DMUs
|}

;Light rail
{| class="wikitable"
! Name
! Abbreviation
! Role
! Typical&nbsp;maximum&nbsp;speed
!Rolling stock
|-
| ''[[Aarhus Letbane]]''<br>(Aarhus Light Rail)
| L1<br>L2

| [[Light rail]] in [[Aarhus]]
| {{cvt|100|km/h}}<br>{{cvt|80|km/h}}
| [[Stadler Tango]] EMUs<br>[[Stadler Variobahn]] EMUs
|-
| ''[[Odense Letbane]]''<br>(Odense Light Rail)
| 
| Light rail in [[Odense]] (since 2022)
| {{cvt|60–80|km/h}}
| Stadler Variobahn EMUs
|-
| ''[[Hovedstadens Letbane]]''<br>(Greater Copenhagen Light Rail)
|
| Upcoming light rail in Copenhagen (2025)
| {{cvt|70–80|km/h}}
| [[Siemens Avenio]] EMUs
|}

;Metro
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name
! Abbreviation
! Role
! Typical&nbsp;maximum&nbsp;speed
! Rolling stock
|-
| ''Københavns Metro''
([[Copenhagen Metro]])
| M1/M2
M3/M4

| [[Rapid transit|Metro]] in Copenhagen
| {{cvt|80|km/h}}

{{cvt|90|km/h}}

| 1st gen Hitachi Rail Italy (formerly AnsaldoBreda) Driverless Metro EMUs

5th gen Hitachi Rail Italy (formerly AnsaldoBreda) Driverless Metro EMUs
|}

==Finland==
{{Main|VR (company)}}
{{Further|Rail transport in Finland}}
The list below includes train categories in [[Finland]]:
{| class="wikitable"
! Name
! width=70|Abbreviation
! Role
! width=160|Typical route length&nbsp;/ stopping interval
! width=100|Typical maximum speed
! Onboard services
! Rolling stock
|-
| [[Allegro (train)|Allegro]]
| AE
| International [[high-speed rail|high-speed train]] between [[Helsinki]] and [[Saint Petersburg]], [[Russia]] (discontinued in 2022).
| {{cvt|400|km}}&nbsp;/<br>{{cvt|100|km}}
| {{cvt|220|km/h}}
| [[First class travel|1st class]], 2nd class, [[dining car|restaurant car]]
| [[Karelian Trains Class Sm6|KT Class Sm6]] [[tilting train|tilting]] electric trainsets
|-
| [[Pendolino]]
| S
| [[High-speed rail in Finland|High-speed train]] between major hub stations. Some trains stop more frequently, similar to the InterCity trains (see below).
| {{cvt|200–700|km}}&nbsp;/<br>{{cvt|50–200|km}}
| {{cvt|200–220|km/h}}
| [[Business class]], 2nd class, restaurant car
| [[VR Class Sm3]] electric trainsets
|-
| [[InterCity#Finland|InterCity]]
| IC
| The backbone of Finnish long-distance trains, mainly serving trunk lines radiating from [[Helsinki]] and stopping at major stations.
| {{cvt|200–900|km}}&nbsp;/<br>{{cvt|50–100|km}}
| {{cvt|140–200|km/h}}
| Business class, 2nd class, restaurant car or a sales trolley
| [[Locomotive]] hauled, mostly [[bilevel car|double-deck cars]] (manufactured since the 1990s) most trains with [[Push-pull train|push-pull]] operation
|-
| Nighttime Express
| PYO
| Nighttime [[sleeping car|sleeper trains]] between [[Helsinki]] and [[Lapland (Finland)|Finnish Lapland]] and international sleeper train "[[Tolstoy (train)|Tolstoy]]" (discontinued) between [[Moscow]], [[Russia]] and [[Helsinki]].
| {{cvt|1000|km}}&nbsp;/<br>{{cvt|50–200|km}}
| {{cvt|120–140|km/h}}
| Business class/First class, 2nd class, restaurant car, sleeping berths, car-carrier wagons
| Locomotive hauled, mixture of older and newer Finnish cars (Lapland trains), Russian cars (Moscow train)
|-
| rowspan="2" | Regional
| H
| Trains on electrified routes with relatively few passengers, trains stopping at every station.
| {{cvt|200|km}}&nbsp;/<br>{{cvt|10–50|km}}
| {{cvt|120|km/h}}
| 2nd class
| Locomotive hauled, old commuter cars
|-
|HDM
|Trains on unelectrified routes with relatively few passengers, trains stopping at every station.
|{{cvt|200|km}}&nbsp;/<br>{{cvt|10–50|km}}
|{{cvt|100–120|km/h}}
|2nd class
|[[VR Class Dm12]] diesel railcars
|-
| Commuter
| Route letters (see note below)
| [[Helsinki commuter rail|Commuter trains in Helsinki region.]] Some trains stop only at the largest suburban stations, but others stop at every station similar to the German [[S-Bahn]] trains.
| {{cvt|20–100|km}}&nbsp;/<br>{{cvt|2–10|km}}
| {{cvt|120–160|km/h}}
| 2nd class
| Electric multiple units ([[VR Class Sm2]], [[VR Class Sm4|Sm4]], [[JKOY Class Sm5|Sm5]])
|}

NOTE: Long-distance trains are identified (in [[passenger information system]]s) by train number prefixed with the train type abbreviation (e.g. "IC 90"). However, the [[Helsinki commuter rail|Helsinki region commuter trains]] are identified by their "route letters" only (e.g. "K") and usually do not show their train number to passengers at all.

==France==
{{Main|SNCF}}
{{Further|Rail transport in France}}
The national carrier of [[France]], the [[SNCF]], uses a different system of train categories, based on politics wishes{{clarify|date=January 2025}} and commercial trademarks. The categories do not necessarily match with distance.

{| class="wikitable"
! Name
! Abbreviation
! Role
|-
| ''[[Frecciarossa]]''
| 
| High-speed trains between France and Italy operated by [[Trenitalia France]], previously named ''Thello'' (a then newly created society owned by [[Transdev]] and the [[Ferrovie dello Stato|FS]] after breaking an alliance between the SNCF and the FS).
|-
| rowspan=4 | [[Train à Grande Vitesse]]
| TGV
| National or international services by high-speed trains with supplementary fare, totally or partially on [[high-speed rail in France|high-speed lines]]. Similar to Germany's [[Intercity Express|ICE]].
|-
| [[TGV inOui|TGV ı̣nOui]]
| Premium national TGV services.
|-
| [[TGV Lyria]]
| TGV service between France and Switzerland.
|-
| [[Ouigo]]
| [[Low-cost]] [[high-speed rail in France|high-speed]] (and conventional) train services of [[SNCF]] in cooperation with [[National Railway Company of Belgium|NMBS/SNCB]] operating in France and Belgium.
|-
| ''[[Intercités]]''
| IC
| National [[InterCity]] services, ever on main lines and/or secondary lines without supplementary fare. Similar to the InterRegio or the Intercity ([[Paris]] – [[Caen]] – [[Cherbourg]] and Paris – [[Rouen]] – [[Le Havre]]). Used to be called {{lang|fr|Train Inter Regional}}, but this name has become obsolete.
|-
| ''[[Intercités de Nuit]]''
| 
| [[Sleeper train|Night service]] on national routes.
|-
| rowspan=5 | ''[[Transport express régional]]''
| TER
| These trains are subsidized by [[regions of France|regions]] and do not designate a precise category: a TER route can be anything from {{cvt|15|km}} to more than {{cvt|400|km}} long. Some TER routes are longer than TGV ones. Regional or national services, on main lines or secondary lines without supplementary fare. Used to be similar to the ''[[S-Bahn]]'' (many stops from a major city on a short distance, urban or suburban service), the [[Regional train|Regional]] or [[RegioExpress]], but can be also similar to the [[InterRegio-Express]] or the [[InterRegio]] (Orléans – [[Lyon]] and [[Toulouse]] – [[Clermont-Ferrand]]). 
|-
| TERGV
| Some special regional trains, called TERGV (TER and TGV), consist of TGV trains subsidized for regional service, though with a supplementary fare compared to the same trip using standard TER service. These trains use the high speed lines (LGV) to quickly link cities such as [[Dunkirk]], [[Calais]], and [[Boulogne-sur-Mer]] to [[Lille]] in an hour.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://telechargement.ter-sncf.com/Images/Nord_Pas_De_Calais/Tridion/CM_Lille_Dunkerque_2011_3v_tcm-26-64300.pdf |title=Ter &#124; Sncf |publisher=Telechargement.ter-sncf.com |access-date=2015-12-17}}</ref> Similar services in Europe include [[Southeastern (train operating company)|Southeastern]]'s Highspeed service.
|-
| TER<sup>200</sup>
| Accelerated TER between [[Basel SBB|Bâle SNCF]] and [[Strasbourg]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://telechargement.ter-sncf.com/Images/Alsace/Tridion/AG_01_bis_Strasbourg_Mulhouse_B%C3%A2le_ap_1011_tcm-10-12416.pdf |title=Ter &#124; Sncf |publisher=Telechargement.ter-sncf.com |access-date=2015-12-17}}</ref>
|-
| iC TER
| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://telechargement.ter-sncf.com/Images/Paca/Tridion/Fiche_14_V3_WEB_tcm-27-55576.pdf |title=Ter &#124; Sncf |publisher=Telechargement.ter-sncf.com |access-date=2015-12-17}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Interloire]]''
| TER with [[InterCity|Intercity]]-like stopping pattern on the [[Nantes]] – [[Orléans]] route.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://telechargement.ter-sncf.com/Images/Centre/Tridion/FW01-E11_tcm-17-16027.pdf |title=Ter &#124; Sncf |publisher=Telechargement.ter-sncf.com |access-date=2015-12-17}}</ref>
|-
| [[Transilien]]
| Route letter
| Suburbian railway in  [[Île-de-France]] region, including [[Paris]]. Lines numbered H, J, K, L, N, P, R, U and V and operated by SNCF.
|-
| [[Réseau Express Régional]] (RER)
| Route letter
| A hybrid [[commuter rail]] and [[rapid transit]] system in the [[Île-de-France]] region, linking [[Paris]] with its suburbs. Lines numbered A–E.
|-
| {{lang|fr|Métro}}
| M
| [[Rapid transit]] systems in the cities of [[Lille Metro|Lille]], [[Lyon Metro|Lyon]], [[Marseille Metro|Marseille]], [[Paris Metro|Paris]], [[Rennes Metro|Rennes]] and [[Toulouse Metro|Toulouse]]. Lines are usually numbered.
|}

==Greece==
{{Main|Hellenic Train}}
{{Further|Rail transport in Greece}}
There are three types of passenger rail services in [[Greece]]:
* [[InterCity#Greece|InterCity]] (IC) between [[Thessaloniki]], [[Athens]] and [[Kalambaka]], with two-digit train numbers
* Express trains (Greek: Ταχεία), with three-digit train numbers
* "Regular" trains ({{langx|el|Κοινή αμαξοστοιχία}}, {{lit|regular/common train}}), with four-digit train numbers

In addition, suburban train networks are present in [[Athens Suburban Railway|Athens]] (with lines numbered A1–A4), [[Proastiakos#Patras Suburban Railway|Patras]] (lines P1 and P2) and [[Thessaloniki Regional Railway|Thessaloniki]] (lines T1–T3).

A [[sleeping car|night train]], named ''Hellas Express'', links Thessaloniki with [[Belgrade]] (Serbia), via [[Skopje]] (North Macedonia).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eurail.com/en/plan-your-trip/trip-ideas/trains-europe/night-trains/hellas-express |title=Hellas Express night train |publisher=Eurail |access-date=2025-01-04}}</ref>

==Hungary==
{{Main|Magyar Államvasutak|Raaberbahn}}
{{Further|Rail transport in Hungary}}
In [[Hungary]], there are the following train categories:
{| class="wikitable"
! Service
! Name
! Abbreviation
! Role
|-
| rowspan="6" |Long-distance
| [[EuroCity]]
| EC
| International trains, often [[Railjet]].
|-
| [[InterCity#Hungary|InterCity]]
| IC
| Trains mainly in national services on important long-distance routes, often with [[air conditioning]], [[dining car|restaurant car]] and always seat reservation.
|-
| {{lang|hu|Expressz}}
| 
| [[Express train]] with compulsory seat reservation (only summertime).
|-
| {{lang|hu|Gyorsvonat}}
| 
| Rapid trains on long-distance routes with standard rolling stock.
|-
| {{lang|hu|Sebesvonat}}
| 
| ''[[Eilzug]]'' equivalent.
|-
| {{lang|hu|Interrégió}}
| 
| [[InterRegio]] trains, which make connections with Intercity trains from smaller towns. Air conditioned, allowed to travel with bike or wheelchair.
|-
| rowspan="4" |Local
| {{lang|hu|Zónázó}}
| 
| ''[[Regionalbahn]]'' or "[[Regional-Express]]" equivalent
|-
| {{lang|hu|Személyvonat}}
| 
| ''[[Regionalzug]]'' equivalent.
|-
| EURegio
| 
| State-subsidiarised international stopping trains near the border with Austria, connects {{rws|Győr}} to [[Vienna]] and [[Wiener Neustadt]] to {{rws|Graz}} via [[Sopron]], [[Szombathely]] and [[Jennersdorf]].
|-
| [[Regional-Express]]
| REX 
| [[Austrian Federal Railways|ÖBB]] trains serve the Vienna-[[Ebenfurth]]-Sopron-[[Deutschkreutz]] line
|}

==Ireland==
{{Main|Iarnród Éireann|NI Railways}}
{{Further|Rail transport in Ireland}}
Four different train categories are operated in the [[Republic of Ireland]], by both [[Iarnród Éireann]] and [[NI Railways]].
*[[Dublin Area Rapid Transit|D.A.R.T]]: [[Rapid transit]] train network in [[Dublin]].
*[[Commuter (Iarnród Éireann)|Commuter]]: [[Commuter Rail|Suburban services]] operated around major cities in Ireland.
*[[InterCity (Iarnród Éireann)|Intercity]]: National long-distance or [[Regional rail|local]] services operated between cities.
*[[Enterprise (train service)|Enterprise]]: International long-distance service operated jointly by NI Railways and Iarnród Éireann between Dublin's [[Connolly station|Connolly]] station and [[Belfast Grand Central station]] in [[Northern Ireland]] (UK).<ref name=irishrail>{{Cite web|url=http://www.irishrail.ie/|title=Iarnrod Eireann Services|last=Rail|first=Irish|website=Irish Rail|language=en|access-date=2019-03-11}}</ref>

==Italy==
{{Main|Ferrovie dello Stato}}
{{Further|Rail transport in Italy}}
Train categories without [[asterisk|*]] are all operated by [[Trenitalia]], [[Italy]]'s primary rail carrier. Regional and local trains, which are financed by [[Regions of Italy|administrative regions]], are also used by regional railways (generally isolated from the national railway network).
{| class="wikitable"
! Service
! Name
! Abbreviation
! Role
|-
| rowspan="3" |International<br>(mandatory reservation)
| [[EuroCity]]
| EC
| Trains run by different operators to Austria/Germany ([[Austrian Federal Railways|ÖBB]]), France  ([[Thello]]) and Germany/Switzerland (jointly by Trenitalia and [[SBB CFF FFS]]).
|-
| [[EuroNight]]
| EN
| Cross-border [[Sleeping car|sleeper trains]].
|-
| [[Train à grande vitesse]]
| TGV
| Operated by SVI (Società Viaggiatori Italia, a company of [[SNCF]]).
|-
| rowspan="14" |National
| ''[[Frecciarossa]]''
| FR
| [[High-speed rail in Italy|High-speed train]] ([[Le Frecce]]) with speeds up to {{cvt|300|km/h}}. Cross-border service to [[Paris]] is operated by [[Trenitalia France]] (formerly ''Thello'')
|-
| ''[[Frecciargento]]''
| FA
| High-speed train (Le Frecce) with speeds up to {{cvt|250|km/h}}.
|-
| ''.italo''
| * [[Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori|NTV]]
| High-speed train with speeds up to {{cvt|300|km/h}}.
|-
| ''[[Frecciabianca]]''
| FB
| High-speed trains (Le Frecce) running once every hour or two hours on the most important long-distance routes with speeds up to {{cvt|200|km/h}}.
|-
| [[InterCity#Italy|InterCity]]
| IC
| Main line long-distance trains (replaced mostly by {{lang|it|Frecciabianca}} as of 13 December 2008).
|-
| {{lang|it|InterCity Notte}}
| ICN
| [[Sleeping car|Sleeper train]] (long-distance).
|-
| {{lang|it|Regionale Veloce}}<br>(Regio Express)
| RV (RE)
| Local or interregional trains only stopping at a few selected stations. Includes also the Regio Express (RE) for the [[Merano]]-[[Malles]] line ([[South Tyrol]]), managed by * [[SAD (company)|SAD]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://timetables.sad.it/getTimetablePDF.php?id=3697 |title=Archived copy |access-date=10 December 2011 |archive-date=26 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426041904/http://timetables.sad.it/getTimetablePDF.php?id=3697 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and for [[RegioExpress|RE]] lines in [[Lombardy]] operated by * [[BLS AG|BLS]] and * [[Treni Regionali Ticino Lombardia|TILO]]/[[Trenord]].<ref>http://www.trenord.it/media/28279/edolo-iseo-bs.pdf {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref>
|-
| {{lang|it|Regionale}}
| R
| Basic local train, equates to the German ''[[Regionalbahn]]''.
|-
| {{lang|it|Suburbano}}
| S
| Suburban commuter services for the [[Milan suburban railway service]] (* [[Trenord]]) and ''[[S-Bahn]]'' services of * [[Treni Regionali Ticino Lombardia|TILO]] crossing the border with Switzerland.
|-
| {{lang|it|Metropolitano}}
| 
| For Naples suburban service's [[Line 2 (Naples metro)|line 2]], and also trains between [[Cagliari]] and [[Decimomannu]] in [[Sardinia]].
|-
| {{lang|it|Diretto}}
| D/DIR
| Mostly abandoned category, but still used by [[Circumvesuviana]] (a group of narrow-gauge railways connecting towns to the south-east of Naples) and by ''Società Subalpina Imprese Ferroviarie'' for the cross-border [[Domodossola–Locarno railway|Domodossola–Locarno]] railway.Trains operate within one or more contiguous regions.
|-
| {{lang|it|Accelerato}}
| A
| Mostly abandoned category, but still used by Circumvesuviana. Stops at all stations.
|-
| {{lang|it|Direttissimo}}
| DD
| Mostly abandoned category, but still used by Circumvesuviana. Characterized by only a few stops and high speed, but without the surcharge.
|-
| Express
| EXP
| Mostly abandoned category, still used by Circumvesuviana for the ''Campania Express''. Characterized by limited stops.
|}

==Luxembourg==
{{Further|Société Nationale des Chemins de Fer Luxembourgeois}}
Because of its small size and its location, [[Luxembourg]] has more international trains than national ones.

Some trains are considered both Luxembourgish (by the [[Société Nationale des Chemins de Fer Luxembourgeois|CFL]], according to their map) and from the border country the train is from or crossing (like L and P trains from Belgium, TER from France, RE from Germany), no matter if these trains are really from Luxembourg or not, making these trains more difficult to classify. These difficulties are due to the assimilation of each train as Regional-Express or InterRegio in Luxembourg (similar name in Germany and Belgium, specific name in France).{{cn|date=January 2025}}

{| class="wikitable"
! Service
! Name
! Abbreviation
! Role
|-
| rowspan="9" |International
| [[EuroCity]]
| EC
| International trains connecting Belgium and Switzerland through Luxembourg and France ({{rws|Brussels-South}} – {{rws|Basel SBB}}/{{rws|Chur}}/{{rws|Zürich HB}}).
|-
| [[InterCity]]
| IC
| Long-distance trains from either Belgium (''InterCity J'': Brussels-South – {{rws|Luxembourg}}) and Germany ({{rws|Cologne}} – Luxembourg).
|-
| [[InterRegio]]
| IR
| Long-distance trains from Belgium (''InterRegio m'': Luxembourg – [[Liège|Liège/Lier]]).
|-
| [[Train à grande vitesse]]
| TGV
| High-speed train from France ([[Paris]] – Luxembourg).
|-
| [[Intercités de Nuit]]
| 
| Night service from France ({{rws|Nice}} – Luxembourg) and Spain ({{rws|Portbou}} – Luxembourg).
|-
| [[TER Grand Est]]
| 
| [[Transport express régional|Regional train]] (TER) from Lorraine, France (Longuyon – Luxembourg ; {{stn|Longwy}} – {{rws|Esch-sur-Alzette}} – {{rws|Thionville}}; {{stn|Nancy}} – Luxembourg, French extension to {{stn|Épinal}} and {{stn|Remiremont}}).
|-
| [[Regional-Express]]
| RE
| Regional train from Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany ({{rws|Trier}} – Luxembourg, German extension to Wittlich and Cochern).
|-
| {{lang|nl|Piekuurtrein}}<br>(Rush-hour train)
| P
| Regional trains from Belgium, circulating in rush-hour only ({{rws|Virton}} – {{rws|Rodange}}, Arlon – Rodange).
|-
| {{lang|nl|Lokale trein}}<br>(Local train)
| L
| Regional trains from Belgium (Arlon – Rodange – Virton/Gedinne/{{rws|Libramont}})
|-
| rowspan="2" |National
| [[InterRegio]]
| IR
| Long-distance train between Luxembourg and either {{rws|Diekirch}} or {{rws|Troisvierges}} (extension from Troisvierges with the Belgian ''IR m'')
|-
| [[Regional-Express]]
| RE
| Regional trains, including extensions to border stations in France ({{rws|Volmerange-les-Mines}}, Audun-le-Tiche, Longwy) and in Belgium (Athus)
|}

==Netherlands==
{{Main|Nederlandse Spoorwegen}}
{{Further|Rail transport in the Netherlands}}
In the [[Netherlands]], the following train categories exist:
{| class="wikitable"
! Name
! Abbreviation
! Role
|-
| [[Intercity-Express|ICE]] International
| 
| High speed train to Germany and Switzerland.
|-
| [[Eurostar]]
| 
| High speed train to Belgium, France and the United Kingdom.
|-
| [[Intercity Direct]]
| ICD
| Semi-high-speed trains from [[Amsterdam]] to [[Schiphol Airport]], [[Rotterdam]] and [[Breda]] in the Netherlands and to [[Antwerp]] and [[Brussels]] in Belgium.
|-
| [[InterCity#Netherlands|InterCity]]
| —
| Brand used by [[Nederlandse Spoorwegen]] (NS) for trains linking cities across the country, not calling at every station. Trains to [[Berlin]] are also branded Intercity. Typically calling at 25–50% of the intermediate stations they pass. Intercities are comparable to the [[InterRegio]] used in many European countries. Some call at every station for a part of their run near their terminus ("zone train").
|-
| {{lang|nl|Sneltrein}}
| —
| Brand used by operators other than NS on the regional railways for trains comparable to the Intercity, but typically running shorter distances.
|-
| {{lang|nl|Sprinter}}
| —
| NS brand, since 2018 also used by other operators, for local trains calling at (almost) every station on the mainline railway.
|-
| {{lang|nl|Stoptrein}}
| —
| Brand used by operators other than NS for local trains calling at (almost) every station on all stations that are not located on the regional railways.
|}

==Norway==
{{Main|Vy#Services}}
{{Further|Rail transport in Norway}}
In [[Norway]], there are the following train categories:
{| class="wikitable"
! Name
! Abbreviation
! Role
|-
| {{lang|no|Fjerntog}}
| F
| Inter-city trains
|-
| {{lang|no|Flyplasstog}}
| FLY
| Airport trains. Require special tickets
|-
| {{lang|no|Regionalexpresstog}}
| RE
| Regional express trains
|-
| {{lang|no|Regionaltog}}
| R
| Regional trains
|-
| {{lang|no|Lokaltog}}
| L
| Local and commuter train services
|-
| ''[[Oslo Metro|Tunnelbane]]''
| T
| [[Rapid transit]] trains in [[Oslo]]
|}

==Poland==
{{Main|Polskie Koleje Państwowe}}
{{Further|Rail transport in Poland}}
The following train categories are present in [[Poland]]:
{| class="wikitable"
! Name
! Abbreviation
! Role
|-
| [[EuroNight]]
| EN
| High quality [[sleeping car|night trains]]; operated by [[PKP Intercity]].
|-
| [[EuroCity]]
| EC
| International luxurious trains on the most important long-distance routes, must be reserved on domestic routes, up to {{cvt|160|km/h}}, operated by [[PKP Intercity]].
|-
| Express Intercity Premium
| EIP
| [[High-speed rail in Poland|High-speed]], highest-standard trains requiring reservation. Made of modern train units operating on national routes, operated by [[PKP Intercity]] using units ED250 Pendolino.
|-
| Express [[InterCity]]
| EIC
| Luxurious trains in national services on the most important long-distance routes that must be reserved, with speeds up to {{cvt|160|km/h}}. Operated by [[PKP Intercity]].
|-
| [[InterCity#Poland|InterCity]]
| IC
| Trains of new [[electric multiple unit|EMUs]] and refurbished coaches, more comfortable than TLK, in national services on the most important long-distance routes, with speeds up to {{cvt|160|km/h}}. Operated by [[PKP Intercity]].
|-
| ''[[Twoje Linie Kolejowe]]''
| TLK
| Fast trains on inter-regional routes; some with speeds up to {{cvt|160|km/h}}. Operated by [[PKP Intercity]]. Pricing is the same as for IC services.
|-
| [[InterRegio#Poland|InterRegio]]
| IR
| A few trains between [[Warsaw]] and [[Łódź]]; cheaper than "TLK", but usually with lower standard, 2nd class only. Operated by [[Polregio]]. Rolling stock composed of refurbished EMUs of late 1960s design. Speed is up to {{cvt|120|km/h}}.
|-
| [[Polregio|Regio]]
| R
| Local passenger trains, 2nd class only; Formerly called {{lang|pl|osobowy}} and often confused with that category. Trains are operated by Polregio.
|-
| ''[[Osobowy]]''
| os.
| {{lang|pl|Osobowy}} are local passenger trains, 2nd class only. They are operated by [[Arriva RP]] ([[consortium]] of [[Arriva]] and [[DB Cargo Polska]]), [[Koleje Dolnośląskie]], [[Koleje Małopolskie]], [[Koleje Śląskie]], [[Koleje Wielkopolskie]], [[Łódzka Kolej Aglomeracyjna]], [[Warszawska Kolej Dojazdowa]] and [[Koleje Mazowieckie]].
|-
| ''[[S-Bahn]]''
| S
| [[Rapid transit]] and [[commuter rail]] services in [[Tricity, Poland|Tricity]] (operated by [[Szybka Kolej Miejska (Tricity)|PKP SKM]]) and [[Warsaw]] (operated by [[Szybka Kolej Miejska (Warsaw)|SKM Warszawa]]), respectively.
|}

==Portugal==
{{Further|Rail transport in Portugal}}
Trains in [[Portugal]] run under the following categories (sorted by operator):
;[[Comboios de Portugal]] (state owned operator)
{| class="wikitable"
! Service
! Name
! Abbreviation
! Role
|-
| rowspan="3" |Long-distance
| [[Alfa Pendular]]
| AP
| Fast [[tilting train]]s used on the main north–south lines, only stopping at major intermediate cities with a top speed of {{cvt|220|km/h}}. Surcharge payable.
|-
| {{lang|pt|InterCidades}}
| IC
| [[InterCity#Portugal|InterCity]] trains used on main lines, stopping only at main towns with a top speed of 200km/h (124mph). Surcharge payable.
|-
| {{lang|pt|Internacional}}
| IN
| Day train Celta ([[Porto]]-[[Vigo]]).
|-
| rowspan="2" | Regional services 
| InterRegional
| IR
| Semi-fast trains used on main lines, stopping at all main towns and some smaller towns with speeds up to {{cvt|160|km/h}}.
|-
| Regional
| R
| Stopping trains used on main lines, stopping at all stations (with some exceptions) with speeds up to {{cvt|140|km/h}}.
|-
| Commuter 
trains
| {{lang|pt|Urbanos}} 
| U
| Commuter trains used in or around the major cities with speeds up to {{cvt|140|km/h}}.
|-
| rowspan="2" | Leisure
| {{lang|pt|Comboio Histórico do Douro}}
| 
| [[Douro Valley]] Line Historic Train (Summer weekends only).
|-
| {{lang|pt|Comboio Histórico do Vouga}}
| 
| Vouga Line Historic Train (Weekends around some holidays).
|}

;[[Fertagus]] (private operator)
{| class="wikitable"
! Service
! Name
! Abbreviation
! Role
|-
| [[Commuter train]]s
| {{lang|pt|Urbanos}}
| U
| Commuter trains in the Greater [[Lisbon Area]] with speeds up to {{cvt|140|km/h}}. Operations limited to the route between {{rws|Roma-Areeiro}} – [[Setúbal]].
|}

==Romania==
{{Main|Caile Ferate Romane}}
{{Further|Rail transport in Romania}}
In [[Romania]], there are the following train categories:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://legislatie.just.ro/Public/DetaliiDocument/250943 |title=ORDIN nr. 153 din 3 martie 2011 |publisher=
Portal Legislativ |language=ro |date=2011-03-03 |access-date=2025-01-05}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Name
! Abbreviation
! Role
|-
| [[InterCity#Romania|Intercity]]
| IC
| It ensures the connection, in domestic or international traffic, between the country's capital [[Bukarest]] and the [[counties of Romania|county]] seat cities, defined by Law no. 2/1968 on the administrative organization of the territory of Romania, republished, with subsequent amendments and additions. Speeds are up to {{cvt|160|km/h}}.
|-
| Intercity night
| IC-N
| It ensures the connection, in domestic or international traffic, between the country's capital and the county seat cities, defined by Law no. 2/1968 on the administrative organization of the territory of Romania, republished, with subsequent amendments and additions, and they passed through the night. They can also be put into circulation without [[first class travel|first class]] or second class services.
|-
| [[Interregio]]
| IR
| It ensures the connection between the urban localities of rank 0, I and II defined by annex no. II point 3.8 of Law no. 351/2001 regarding the approval of the National Land Development Plan - Section IV - The network of localities, with subsequent amendments and additions, and the tourist resorts of national interest, listed in annex no. 5 of Government Decision no. 852/2008 for the approval of the rules and criteria for the attestation of tourist resorts, with subsequent amendments and additions. They can also be put into circulation without first class services. The average commercial/train speed is at least {{cvt|45|km/h}}. Convenient connections with other passenger trains will be provided at the main railway stations and junctions.
|-
| Interregio night
| IR-N
| It ensures the connection between the urban localities of rank 0, I and II defined by annex no. II point 3.8 of Law no. 351/2001 regarding the approval of the National Land Development Plan - Section IV - The network of localities, with subsequent amendments and additions, and the tourist resorts of national interest, listed in annex no. 5 of Government Decision no. 852/2008 for the approval of the rules and criteria for the attestation of tourist resorts, with subsequent amendments and additions. The average commercial/train speed is at least {{cvt|45|km/h}}. Convenient connections with other passenger trains will be provided at the main railway stations and junctions. They can also be put into circulation without first class or second class services.
|-
| Regio Expres
| R-E
| It ensures the connection between localities located at a maximum driving distance of {{cvt|230|km}} or the first railway station, if this distance is exceeded. It has stops in railway stations that serve localities with a number of 2,500 inhabitants together with the neighboring areas, ensuring the need for mobility in that area. It provides connections to/from interregional trains. The average commercial speed is in principle at least {{cvt|40|km/h}}. They can also be put into circulation without first class services.
|-
| Regio
| R
| It ensures transport conditions for limited geographical areas, the maximum distance of circulation being {{cvt|200|km}} or the first railway station, if this distance is exceeded.
It has stops at all stations, halts and stops along the route, if the platforms are laid out in compliance with the Technical Specifications for Interoperability (TSI). Regional trains will be requested and routed at a sufficient time interval to allow boarding/disembarking of passengers to/from connecting trains at railway stations/junctions. The average commercial speed is in principle at least {{cvt|35|km/h}}. They can also be put into circulation without first class services.
|-
| Regio Metrolopitan
| R-M
| It provides transport around major cities, for suburban ([[commuter rail|commuter]]) traffic, meets the transport needs of an urban center or a conurbation and nearby/adjacent areas, with a maximum travel distance of {{cvt|40|km}} or the first railway station, if this distance is exceeded. The average commercial speed is in principle at least {{cvt|30|km/h}}. They can also be put into circulation without first class services.
|}

{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
! colspan=3 | Former train categories in Romania{{until when|date=January 2025}}
|-
! Name !! Abbreviation !! Role 
|-
| Personal  || P || Local trains, stopping every station, speeds up to {{cvt|120|km/h}}.
|-
| {{lang|ro|Accelerat}} || A || Semi-fast trains, usually for long distances, speeds up to {{cvt|140|km/h}}, stopping at the main stations and some smaller towns.
|-
| Rapid || R || Fast trains, speeds up to {{cvt|160|km/h}}, stopping on major cities.
|-
| Euronight || EN || [[Sleeping car|Night trains]], night services of the IC/EC
|-
| EuroCity || EC || Stops only in major cities, speeds up to {{cvt|160|km/h}}.
|-
| [[InterCity]] || IC || Fast trains, speeds up to {{cvt|160|km/h}}, stopping only in major cities.
|-
| InterCity/EuroCity || IC/EC || National and international services, stopping in important stations only.
|-
| InterCity Night || ICN || Sleeping services assured. Calls at important stops only. May include cars from foreign operators and/or [[autorack]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jurnalul.ro/observator/schimbare-nume-trenuri-cfr-598824.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108022743/http://www.jurnalul.ro/observator/schimbare-nume-trenuri-cfr-598824.htm |archive-date=2012-01-08 |publisher=jurnalul.ro |title=Schimbare istorică: duminică dispar Rapidul, Acceleratul şi Personalul. Vezi noile denumiri europene ale trenurilor româneşti |work=Jurnalul |access-date=2025-01-05 |language=ro}}</ref>
|}

==Russia==
{{Main|Russian Railways}}
{{Further|Rail transport in Russia}}
In [[Russia]], the train category is defined by its number's digits.
{| class="wikitable"
! № !! Name !! Role
|-
| 1&nbsp;to&nbsp;150 || {{lang|ru|Skory}} || {{lang|ru|Skory}} ({{lit|fast}}) are all-year long-distance fast trains, mostly overnight. Speed is up to {{cvt|160|km/h}}, but usually the average speed is not more than {{cvt|70|km/h}}.
|-
| 151&nbsp;to&nbsp;298 || {{lang|ru|Skory Sezonny}} || {{lang|ru|Skory Sezonny}} ({{lit|fast seasonal}}) are seasonally operating fast trains, mostly similar to Skory.
|-
| 301&nbsp;to&nbsp;450 || {{lang|ru|Passazhirsky Dalny}} || {{lang|ru|Passazhirsky Dalny}} ({{lit|long-distance passenger}}) are long-distance stopping trains.
|-
| 451&nbsp;to&nbsp;498 || {{lang|ru|Passazhirsky Dalny Sezonny}} || {{lang|ru|Passazhirsky Dalny Sezonny}} ({{lit|long-distance passenger seasonal}}) are only seasonally operating {{lang|ru|Passazhirsky Dalny}} train services.
|-
| 501&nbsp;to&nbsp;598 || {{lang|ru|Passazhirsky Dalny Razovy}} || {{lang|ru|Passazhirsky Dalny Razovy}} ({{lit|long-distance passenger one-time}}) are additional or organized children groups carrying {{lang|ru|Passazhirsky Dalny}} services.
|-
| 601&nbsp;to&nbsp;698 || {{lang|ru|Passazhirsky Mestny}} || {{lang|ru|Passazhirsky Mestny}}, {{lit|local (medium-distance) passenger}}, are stopping trains travelling distances more than {{cvt|150|km}}, but less than {{cvt|700|km}}.
|-
| 701&nbsp;to&nbsp;750 || {{lang|ru|Skorostnoy}} || {{lang|ru|Skorostnoy}}, {{lit|speedy}}, are [[InterCity]] trains comparable to the [[Intercity (Germany)|Intercity in Germany]].
|-
| 751&nbsp;to&nbsp;788 || {{lang|ru|Vysokoskorostnoy}} || {{lang|ru|Vysokoskorostnoy}} ({{lit|high-speed}}) are [[High-speed rail in Russia|high-speed]] or Intercity-Express trains ([[Sapsan]], previously also [[Karelian Trains]]'s [[Allegro (train)|Allegro]]).
|-
| 801&nbsp;to&nbsp;898 || {{lang|ru|Obsluzhivaemyj dizel'- ili elektropoezdom}} || Mainline passenger trains featuring [[diesel multiple unit|DMU]] / (out of the [[electric multiple unit|EMU]]-served {{lang|ru|Skorostnoy}}'s and (all served by EMUs) {{lang|ru|Vysokoskorostnoy}}'s) EMU rolling stock. Mostly fast versions of {{lang|ru|Passazhirsky Mestny}}.
|-
| 6001&nbsp;to&nbsp;6998 || {{lang|ru|Prigorodny}} || {{lang|ru|Prigorodny}} ({{lit|suburban}}) are suburban trains with a travelling distance of up to {{cvt|150|km}}, calling at (almost) all-stops.
|-
| 7001&nbsp;to&nbsp;7598 || {{lang|ru|Skory Prigorodny ili Gorodskoy}} || {{lang|ru|Skory Prigorodny ili Gorodskoy}} ({{lit|semi-fast suburban or urban}}) are semi-fast suburban and urban trains.
|}

==Serbia==
{{Main|Srbijavoz}}
{{Further|Serbian Railways}}
In [[Serbia]], trains run under the following categories:
{| class=wikitable
! Name
! Abbreviation
! Role
|-
| [[EuroCity]]
| EC
| International trains to/from Austria, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Greece.
|-
| [[InterCity#Serbia|InterCity]]
| SOKO
| Operates between [[Belgrade]] and [[Novi Sad]] in 36 min. Speed is up to {{cvt|200|km/h}}.
|-
| {{lang|sr|Brzi}}
| B
| Fast train.
|-
| Regio Express
| Rex
| Fast train, usually during peak-hours
|-
| Regio
| Re
| [[Regional train]]s between [[Novi Sad]], [[Subotica]], [[Niš]], [[Zrenjanin]], [[Valjevo]], [[Kraljevo]], [[Užice]], [[Sombor]], [[Požarevac]], [[Zaječar]], [[Vršac]], [[Kikinda]], [[Prokuplje]] and [[Ruma]].
|-
| [[BG Voz]]
| BG
| Urban railway lines in [[Belgrade]]. Lines are numbered 1–4 and operated by [[GSP Belgrade|GSP]].
|}

==Slovakia==
{{Main|ZSSK}}
{{Further|Rail transport in Slovakia}}
Train categories in [[Slovakia]] are as follows:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Abbreviation
!Role
|-
| [[ČD Class 680|SuperCity]]
| SC
| Highest-standard trains requiring reservation, operated by modern [[ČD Class 680]] „Pendolino“ [[tilting train]] units of [[České dráhy|České dráhy (ČD)]], operating on both national and international routes in cooperation with ČD.
|-
| [[LEO Express]]
| LE
| Private trains, similar to the IC category.
|-
| [[Railjet|Railjet Express]]
| RJX
| Long-distance trains operating over the [[Bratislava main railway station|Bratislava]]—[[Wien Hauptbahnhof|Vienna]]—[[Innsbruck Hauptbahnhof|Innsbruck]]—[[Zürich Hauptbahnhof|Zurich]] line.
|-
| [[EuroCity]]
| EC
| High quality, usually long-haul international services between Hungary, Slovakia, Czech Republic and Germany. Surcharge payable when travelling with domestic ticket.
|-
| [[InterCity#Slovakia|InterCity]]
| IC
| High quality trains providing only [[air-conditioned]] carriages, all trains are between Bratislava and {{rws|Košice}}.
|-
| [[EuroNight]]
| EN
| High quality [[sleeping car|night trains]] between Košice and [[Praha hlavní nádraží|Prague]] and between [[Budapest Keleti station|Budapest]] and [[Berlin]].
|-
| Express
| Ex
| This category is used for long-distance domestic express trains between Košice and Bratislava, the two largest cities of the country.
|-
| {{lang|sk|Rýchlik}}
| R
| "Fast train" – trains for longer routes, usually stops at all towns en route, but not at villages. However, there are also night trains between [[Humenné]] and [[Bratislava]] and from [[Košice]] to [[Nové Zámky]].
|-
| [[Regional-Express]]
| REX
| Local semi-fast train stopping at few stations, modern version of {{lang|sk|Zrýchlený vlak}}. Note that this category is also used by [[Leo Express]] between [[Komárno]] and Bratislava.
|-
| {{lang|sk|Zrýchlený vlak}}
| Zr
| Semi-fast train, stopping on most stations. It was mostly replaced by Regional Express; Zr run from [[Banská Bystrica]] to [[Margecany]].
|-
| {{lang|sk|Osobný vlak}}
| Os
| Stopping train, serving all stations.
|}

==Slovenia==
{{Main|Slovenske železnice}}
The following train categories exist in [[Slovenia]]:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Abbreviation
!Role
|-
| [[EuroCity]]
| EC
| High quality international trains which operate along major international routes and connect important economic and tourist hubs in Slovenia and Europe. Journey times of EC trains are shorter and have fewer stops. Most of them have [[air-conditioned]] carriages and offer catering services. An additional supplement is required for travel on EC trains.
|-
| [[EuroNight]]
| EN
| High quality international night trains, which include [[sleeping car|sleepers]] and [[couchette car|couchettes]]. A supplement is required for a bed or [[sleeping berth|berth]]. For travel on a domestic EN, as with IC trains, it is necessary to pay a supplement for a seat in a standard carriage. On certain EN trains which operate across Europe, standard international prices apply together with a reservation fee.
|-
| [[InterCity Slovenija]]
| ICS
| Modern air-conditioned trains whose [[tilting train|tilting technology]] allows for greater speed and comfort. They enable easier travel for passengers in wheelchairs, as well as offering a range of additional services. A [[dining car|buffet car]] is available to passengers; for those who travel [[first class travel|1st class]], this service is free. 1st class passengers also benefit from access to electrical plug sockets. At some stations free parking is available. ICS trains operate on the {{rws|Ljubljana}}–{{rws|Maribor}}–Ljubljana route. In the summer season and on Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays, ICS trains also operate along the Maribor-Ljubljana-{{rws|Koper}} route and back. Seats must be reserved on all routes and this is included in the rail fare.
|-
| [[InterCity#Slovenia|InterCity]]
| IC
| High quality trains which operate on long-distance domestic and international routes and connect major cities, and commercial and tourist centres. They consist of comfortable carriages, and have shorter journey times with fewer stops. Most of them also offer catering services. IC services require an additional IC supplement.
|-
| Local Train
| LP
| Connects Slovenian towns on shorter and longer routes. These are intended primarily for daily journeys to and from work or school. Seat reservations and supplements are not required to travel on these trains.
|}

==Spain==
{{Main|Renfe}}
{{Further|Rail transport in Spain}}
In [[Spain]], railway services are categorized as follows:
{| class="wikitable"
! Name
! width=150|Role
! Route(s)
|-
| [[AVE]] 
| {{lang|es|Alta Velocidad Española}} ({{lit|Spanish high-speed}}) are [[High speed rail in Spain|high-speed trains]] operated by [[Renfe]], with speeds up to {{cvt|310|km/h}}
| 
*[[Madrid]]–[[Ciudad Real]]–[[Puertollano]]–[[Córdoba, Spain|Córdoba]]–[[Sevilla]]
*Madrid–Ciudad Real–Puertollano–Córdoba–[[Puente Genil-Herrera railway station|Puente Genil-Herrera]]–[[Antequera]]–[[Málaga]]
*Madrid–Ciudad Real–Puertollano–Córdoba–Puente Genil-Herrera–Antequera–[[Loja, Granada|Loja]]–[[Granada]]
*Madrid–[[Guadalajara, Spain|Guadalajara]]–[[Calatayud]]–[[Zaragoza]]–[[Huesca]]
*Madrid–Guadalajara–Calatayud–Zaragoza–[[Lleida]]–[[Tarragona]]–[[Barcelona]](–[[Girona]]–[[Figueres]])
*Madrid–[[Valladolid]]–[[Burgos]]
*Madrid–Valladolid–[[León, Spain|León]]–[[Oviedo]]–[[Gijón]] 
*Madrid–[[Segovia]]–Valladolid–León
*Madrid–[[Zamora, Spain|Zamora]]–[[Ourense]]–[[Santiago de Compostela]]–[[A Coruña]]
*Madrid–Zamora–[[Puebla de Sanabria|Sanabria]]–[[A Gudiña]]–Ourense–Santiago de Compostela–[[Vilagarcía de Arousa]]–[[Pontevedra]]–[[Vigo]]
*Madrid–[[Cuenca, Spain|Cuenca]]–[[Requena-Utiel]]–[[Valencia]]
*Madrid–Cuenca–Valencia–[[Castellón de la Plana|Castellón]]
*Madrid–Cuenca–[[Albacete]]–[[Villena]]–[[Alicante]]
*Madrid–Cuenca–Albacete–[[Elche]]–[[Orihuela]]–[[Murcia]]
*Burgos–Valladolid–[[Segovia]]–[[Madrid Chamartín railway station|Madrid Chamartín]]–Elche–Orihuela–Murcia
*Gijón–Oviedo–[[Mieres|Mieres Del Camín]]–[[La Pola de Gordón|La Pola]]–León–[[Palencia]]–Valladolid–Segovia–Madrid Chamartín–Cuenca–Valencia–[[Sagunto]]–[[Castellón de la Plana|Castellón]](–[[Benicàssim]]–[[Oropesa del Mar]]–[[Benicarló]]–[[Vinaros]])
*Valencia–Requena-Utiel–Cuenca–Madrid Chamartín–Valladolid–Burgos
*Valencia–Requena-Utiel–Cuenca–Madrid Chamartín–Segovia–Valladolid–Palencia–León
*Sevilla–Córdoba–Puertollano–Ciudad Real–Zaragoza–Lleida–Tarragona–Barcelona
*Sevilla–Córdoba–Madrid–Guadalajara–Calatayud–Zaragoza–Tardienta–Huesca
*Sevilla–Córdoba–Puertollano–Ciudad Real–Cuenca–Valencia
*Málaga–Antequera–Puente Genil-Herrera–Córdoba–Puertollano–Ciudad Real–Zaragoza–Lleida–Tarragona–Barcelona
*Málaga–[[Madrid Atocha railway station|Madrid-Puerta de Atocha]]–Cuenca–Albacete–Villena–Alicante–Elche–Orihuela–Murcia
*Barcelona–Tarragona–Lleida–Zaragoza–Córdoba–Puente Genil-Herrera–Antequera–Granada
*Alicante–Albacete–Cuenca–Madrid Chamartín–Zamora–Ourense
*Alicante–Albacete–Cuenca–Madrid Chamartín–Valladolid–Palencia–León
|-
| [[Avlo]]
| Low cost high-speed trains of Renfe with speeds of up to {{cvt|300|km/h}}.
|
*Madrid–Zaragoza–Barcelona(–Figueres)
*Madrid–Cuenca–Requena-Utiel–Valencia
*Madrid–Cuenca–Albacete–Villena–Alicante(–Elche–Orihuela–Murcia)
*Madrid–Segovia–Medina Del Campo–Zamora–Sanabria–A Gudiña–Ourense–Santiago de Compostela–A Coruña
*Madrid–Valladolid–Palencia–León–La Pola–Mieres Del Camín–Oviedo–Gijón
*Madrid–Ciudad Real–Puertollano–[[Villanueva de Córdoba]]–Córdoba–Seville
*Madrid–Ciudad Real–Puertollano–Villanueva de Córdoba–Córdoba–Puente Genil-Herrera–Antequera–Málaga
*Madrid–Segovia–Medina Del Campo–Zamora–Sanabria–A Gudiña–Ourense–Santiago De Compostela–Vilagarcía de Arousa–Pontevedra–Vigo
*Valladolid–Madrid Chamartín–Cuenca–Albacete–Villena–Alicante(–Elche–Orihuela–Murcia)
|-
| [[Alvia]]
| High speed trains of Renfe capable of operating on both high-speed and conventional lines, with speeds of up to {{cvt|250|km/h}}.
|

*Madrid–Palencia–León–Mieres Del Camín–Oviedo–[[Avilés]]
*Madrid–Valladolid–Palencia–[[Aguilar de Campoo]]–[[Reinosa]]–[[Torrelavega]]–[[Santander, Spain|Santander]]
*Madrid–Segovia–Valladolid–Burgos–[[Miranda de Ebro]]–[[Bilbao]]
*Madrid–Segovia–Valladolid–Burgos–Miranda de Ebro–[[Vitoria, Spain|Vitoria]]–[[Zumarraga, Spain|Zumarraga]]–[[Tolosa, Gipuzkoa|Tolosa]]–[[San Sebastián]]–[[Irun]]
*Madrid–Segovia–[[Medina del Campo]]–[[Salamanca]]
*Madrid–Segovia–Medina del Campo–Zamora–Sanabria–A Gudiña–Ourense–Santiago de Compostela–A Coruña– [[Betanzos]]–[[Pontedeume]]–[[Ferrol, Galicia|Ferrol]]
*Madrid–Segovia–Medina del Campo–Zamora–Sanabria–A Gudiña–Ourense–Vilagarcía de Arousa–Pontevedra–Vigo
*Madrid–Segovia–Medina del Campo–Zamora–Sanabria–A Gudiña-Ourense–[[Monforte De Lemos]]–[[Sarria]]–[[Lugo]]
*Madrid–Guadalajara–Calatayud–[[Tudela, Navarre|Tudela]]–[[Tafalla]]–[[Pamplona]]
*Madrid–Guadalajara–Calatayud–Tudela–[[Calahorra]]–[[Logroño]]
*Madrid–[[Leganés]]–[[Torrijos, Spain|Torrijos]]–[[Talavera de la Reina]]–[[Oropesa, Spain|Oropesa]]–[[Navalmoral de la Mata]]–[[Plasencia|Monfragüe-plasencia]]–[[Cáceres, Spain|Cáceres]]–[[Mérida, Spain|Mérida]]–[[Badajoz]]
*Madrid–Cordoba–[[La Palma del Condado]]–[[Huelva]]
*Madrid–Ciudad Real–Puertollano–Córdoba–Sevilla–[[Jerez de la Frontera]]–[[Cádiz]]
*Madrid–Ciudad Real–Puertollano–Córdoba–Antequera–[[Ronda]]–[[San Roque railway station|San Roque-la Línea]]–[[Algeciras]]
*Barcelona–Tarragona–Lleida–Zaragoza–Tudela–[[Castejón, Navarre|Castejon]]–Calahorra–Logroño–[[Haro, La Rioja|Haro]]–Miranda de Ebro–Bilbao
*Barcelona–Tarragona–Lleida–Zaragoza–Tudela–Castejon–Tafalla–Pamplona–[[Alsasua – Altsasu|Altsasu]]–Zumarraga–San Sebastián
*Barcelona–Tarragona–Lleida–Zaragoza–Tudela–Castejon–Tafalla–Pamplona–Vitoria–Miranda de Ebro–Burgos–Valladolid–Medina del Campo–Salamanca
*Barcelona–Tarragona–Lleida–Zaragoza–Tudela–Castejon–Tafalla–Pamplona–Vitoria–Miranda de Ebro–Burgos–Palencia–[[Sahagun]]–León–[[Astorga, Spain|Astorga]]–[[Bembibre]]–Ponferrada–[[O Barco de Valdeorras]]–[[A Rúa]]–[[Quiroga, Galicia|San Clodio-Quiroga]]–Monforte de Lemos–Ourense–Santiago de Compostela–A Coruña
*Barcelona–Lleida–Zaragoza–Pamplona–Vitoria–Burgos–León–Ponferrada–Ourense–Vigo
*Alicante–Villena–Albacete–Cuenca–Madrid–Segovia–Valladolid–Palencia–Torrelavega–Santander
*Alicante–Villena–Albacete–Cuenca–Madrid–Segovia–Valladolid–Palencia–León–La Pola–Mieres Del Camín–Oviedo–Gijón
|-
| [[Avant (train)|Avant]]
| High-speed trains of Renfe for medium distances (used to be called {{lang|es|Lanzadera AVE}}). Speed is up to {{cvt|250|km/h}}.
|
*Madrid–Toledo
*Madrid Pta. Atocha–Ciudad Real–Puertollano
*Madrid Chamartín–Segovia–Valladolid
*Sevilla–Córdoba–Puente Genil–Antequera–Málaga
*Barcelona–Tarragona–Lleida
*Barcelona–Girona–Figueres
*Barcelona–[[Camp de Tarragona]]–[[Cambrils]]–[[L'Hospitalet de l'Infant]]–[[L'Ametlla de Mar]]–[[L'Ampolla|L'Ampolla-Perelló-Deltebre]]–[[L'Aldea-Amposta-Tortosa railway station|L'Aldea-Amposta]]–[[Tortosa]].
*Calatayud–Zaragoza
*A Coruña–Santiago de Compostela-Ourense
*Valencia–Requena Utiel
*Granada–Loja–Antequera–Puente Genil/Herrera–Córdoba–Seville
*Murcia–Beniel–Orihuela–Callosa Cox–Elx–Alicante
*Toledo–Madrid–Cuenca–Albacete
|-
| [[Euromed (train)|Euromed]]
| High-speed trains of Renfe that operate along the [[Mediterranean]] coast with speeds of up to {{cvt|250|km/h}}.
|
*Barcelona–Tarragona–Castellón–Valencia(–Alicante)
*Figueres–Girona–Barcelona–Tarragona–Castellón–Valencia(–Alicante)
|-
| [[InterCity#Spain|InterCity]]
| Renfe trains for long-distance services operating on high-speed and conventional lines with less comfort and facilities than the AVE/Alvia trains, speeds up to {{cvt|250|km/h}}.
| All over continental Spain
|-
| Media Distancia
| Renfe trains for medium-distance services operating on [[Iberian-gauge railways|Iberian-gauge lines]], speeds up to {{cvt|160|km/h}}.
| All over continental Spain
|-
| [[Iryo]]
| High-speed [[ETR 1000]] trainsets between [[Madrid]] and other cities.
|
* [[Madrid Atocha railway station|Madrid Atocha]]–[[Zaragoza–Delicias railway station|Zaragoza–Delicias]]–[[Tarragona railway station|Tarragona]]–Barcelona
* Madrid Atocha–[[Córdoba railway station|Córdoba]]–[[Seville–Santa Justa railway station|Seville]]
* Madrid Atocha–Córdoba–[[Málaga María Zambrano railway station|Málaga]]
* [[Madrid Chamartín railway station|Madrid Chamartín]]–[[Cuenca–Fernando Zóbel railway station|Cuenca]]–[[Valencia-Joaquín Sorolla railway station|Valencia]]
* Madrid Chamartín–Cuenca–[[Albacete-Los Llanos railway station|Albacete]]–[[Alicante railway station|Alicante]]
|-
| [[Ouigo España]]
| High-speed [[Euroduplex|TGV Euroduplex]] trainsets between Madrid and other cities.
|
*[[Madrid Atocha railway station|Madrid Atocha]]–[[Zaragoza–Delicias railway station|Zaragoza–Delicias]]–[[Tarragona railway station|Tarragona]]–[[Barcelona Sants railway station|Barcelona Sants]]
*[[Madrid Chamartín railway station|Madrid Chamartín]]–[[Cuenca–Fernando Zóbel railway station|Cuenca]]–[[Valencia-Joaquín Sorolla railway station|Valencia]]
*Madrid Chamartín–Cuenca–[[Albacete-Los Llanos railway station|Albacete]]–[[Alicante railway station|Alicante]]
*Madrid Chamartín–[[Segovia-Guiomar railway station|Segovia]]–[[Valladolid-Campo Grande railway station|Valladolid]]
*Madrid Chamartín–Albacete–[[Elche]]–[[Murcia del Carmen railway station|Murcia]]
*Alicante–Albacete–Madrid Chamartín–Segovia–Valladolid
|-
| [[Cercanías]]&nbsp;(C#),<br>[[Rodalies de Catalunya|Rodalies]]&nbsp;(R#)
| Short-distance [[commuter rail]] services in [[metropolitan area]]s, with speeds up to {{cvt|120|km/h}}. Lines are numbered.
| [[Cercanías Barcelona|Barcelona]], [[Cercanías Bilbao|Bilbao]], [[Cercanías Cádiz|Cádiz]], [[Cercanías Madrid|Madrid]], [[Cercanías Málaga|Málaga]], [[Cercanías Murcia/Alicante|Murcia/Alicante]], [[Cercanías Asturias|Oviedo/Gijón]], [[Cercanías San Sebastian|San Sebastián]], [[Cercanías Santander|Santander]], [[Cercanías Sevilla|Sevilla]], [[Cercanías Valencia|Valencia]], [[Cercanías Zaragoza|Zaragoza]]
|-
| [[Altaria (rail service)|Altaria]]
| Trains of Renfe operating on high-speed and conventional lines, which use different [[locomotives]]. Their speed is up to {{cvt|200|km/h}}.<br>(all discontinued)
|
*Madrid–Ronda–Algeciras
*Madrid–Antequera–Granada
*Madrid–Murcia–[[Cartagena, Spain|Cartagena]] (only conventional lines)
|-
| [[Talgo]]
| Tilting trains operating on high-speed and conventional lines, linking Madrid with provincial capital cities. Their speed is up to {{cvt|150|km/h}}.<br>(all discontinued)
|
*Madrid–[[Almería]]
*Murcia–Barcelona
|-
| [[Arco (Renfe)|Arco]]
| Conventional trains of Renfe that link [[Barcelona]] with other provincial capital cities.<br>(all discontinued)
|
*Barcelona–Mérida–Badajoz
*Barcelona–Sevilla
*Barcelona–Málaga
*Barcelona–Granada
*Barcelona–Almería
|-
| [[Trenhotel]]
| [[Sleeping car|Night services]]<br>(all discontinued)
|
*Madrid–[[Lisbon]]
*Barcelona–Paris
*Barcelona–[[Zürich]]
*Barcelona–[[Milano Centrale|Milan C.le]]
*Lisbon–[[Irun]]
*Madrid–Santiago–A Coruña
*Madrid–Vigo 
*Barcelona–Vigo
*Barcelona–Gijón
|}

==Sweden==
{{Further|Rail transport in Sweden}}
The [[SJ X2]] is the only train operating in [[Sweden]] which is developed as a [[high-speed rail|high-speed train]]. Other fast trains ([[electric multiple unit|EMUs]]) are developed as regional trains, but delivered with a maximum speed of {{cvt|200|km/h}}.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! Operator
! Name
! Role
|-
| rowspan=5 | [[SJ AB|SJ]]
| {{lang|sv|Nattåg}}
| [[Locomotive]]-hauled [[Sleeping car|overnight train]] service in Sweden, with [[dining car]]s.
|-
| [[EuroNight]]&nbsp;(EN)
| Locomotive-hauled [[Sleeping car|overnight train]] service between Sweden, Denmark and Germany.
|-
| {{lang|sv|Snabbtåg}}
| [[High-speed rail in Sweden|Higher-speed trains]], operated with [[SJ X2|X2]] or [[SJ X55|X55]] trainsets, which are equipped with [[WiFi]] and have a bistro car.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our trains – SJ |url=https://www.sj.se/en/about/about-sj/our-trains.html |website=www.sj.se |access-date=2019-02-04 |archive-date=2017-11-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107025602/https://www.sj.se/en/about/about-sj/our-trains.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[InterCity#Sweden|InterCity]]
| [[SJ Rc|Rc locomotive]]-hauled, national and international trains with standard-seating carriages in both [[first class travel|first]] and second class and a bistro car.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our trains – SJ |url=https://www.sj.se/en/about/about-sj/our-trains.html |website=www.sj.se |access-date=2019-02-04 |archive-date=2017-11-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107025602/https://www.sj.se/en/about/about-sj/our-trains.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| {{lang|sv|Regionaltåg}}
| [[Regional train]]s on the [[Stockholm Central station|Stockholm]]–[[Örebro Central Station|Örebro]]–[[Gothenburg Central|Gothenburg]], Gothenburg–[[Karlstad Central Station|Karlstad]] and Gothenburg–[[Kalmar Central Station|Kalmar]] lines. Operated with either Rc-hauled trainsets or [[SJ X40|X40]] [[electric multiple unit|EMUs]]. These trains have no catering on board. The X40 is equipped with free 4G WiFi. Both first and second-class are usually offered.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our trains – SJ |url=https://www.sj.se/en/about/about-sj/our-trains.html |website=www.sj.se |access-date=2019-02-04 |archive-date=2017-11-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107025602/https://www.sj.se/en/about/about-sj/our-trains.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 | [[Counties of Sweden|Counties]]
| {{lang|sv|Regionaltåg}}
| Regional trains operated by the county, usually with various brand names, such as ''[[Krösatåg]]'', ''[[Mälardalstrafik|Mälartåg]]'', ''[[Norrtåg]]'', ''[[Öresundståg]]'' or ''[[Västtågen]]''.
|-
| ''[[Pendeltåg (disambiguation)|Pendeltåg]]''<!--intentional link to DAB page-->
| [[Commuter rail|Commuter trains]] operated by the county in [[Stockholm commuter rail|Stockholm]], [[Gothenburg commuter rail|Gothenburg]], [[Pågatågen|Skåne]] (not called {{lang|sv|pendeltåg}} locally) and [[Östgötapendeln|Östergötland]].
|-
| A-Train
| [[Arlanda Express]]
| Train link between Stockholm Central Station and [[Stockholm Arlanda Airport|Arlanda Airport]].
|-
| ''[[VR Snabbtåg Sverige]]''
| [[InterCity]]
| Formerly MTRX, now a [[VR Group]] subsidiary, connecting Stockholm and Gothenburg with [[Stadler FLIRT|X74]] EMU.
|-
| rowspan=2 | ''[[Snälltåget]]''<br>([[Transdev]])
| EuroNight (EN)
| Overnight trains between Stockholm and [[Berlin Hauptbahnhof]] (Germany) between April and September, and to [[Innsbruck Hauptbahnhof]] (Austria) in winter.
|-
| 
| Long-distance trains between [[Malmö Central Station]] and Stockholm (and to [[Storlien railway station|Storlien]] during hiking and skiing seasons).
|-
| ''[[Tågab]]''
| 
| Long-distance trains on the Karlstad–{{rws|Kristinehamn}}–{{rws|Skövde}}–Gothenburg line.
|-
| [[MTR Corporation|MTR]]
| {{lang|sv|Tunnelbana}} (T)
| [[Stockholm Metro|Metro]] system in [[Stockholm]] ({{lang|sv|Stockholms tunnelbana}}).
|}

==Switzerland==
{{Further|Rail transport in Switzerland}}
There are several [[list of railway companies in Switzerland|railway companies]] in [[Switzerland]], with [[Swiss Federal Railways]] (SBB CFF FFS), [[BLS AG|BLS]] and ''[[Südostbahn]]'' (SOB) operating the largest [[standard gauge]] networks and [[Rhaetian Railway]] (RhB) and [[Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn|MGB]] running the largest [[narrow gauge]] networks.
{{As of|2024}}, the following categories exist:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://company.sbb.ch/content/dam/internet/corporate/downloads/de/sbb-als-geschaeftspartner/flotte-unterhalt/onestopshop/Bezeichnung-der-zuege-2024.pdf.sbbdownload.pdf |publisher=Swiss Federal Railways |title=Bezeichnung der Züge 2024 [Train categories in 2024] |date=2023-11-09 |access-date=2024-12-14 |language=de}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Abbreviation
!Role
|-
|[[TGV Lyria|Train à grande vitesse]]
|TGV Lyria
|[[High-speed train|High-speed]] service of [[SNCF]] and SBB between Switzerland and France.
|-
|[[InterCity Express]]
|ICE
|High-speed service of [[Deutsche Bahn|DB]] between Switzerland and Germany, the Netherlands. Typically, [[ICE 4]] trainsets are used.
|-
|[[Railjet|Railjet Express]]
|RJX
|High-speed service of [[Austrian Federal Railways|ÖBB]] between Switzerland and Austria, Hungary, Slovakia.
|-
|[[EuroCity]]
|EC
|International long-distance (partly [[high-speed rail in Switzerland|high-speed]]) trains, mainly of SBB, to destinations in Austria, Germany and Italy. Typically [[SBB RABe 501|RABe 501]] or [[New Pendolino|ETR 610]] trainsets are used (''[[Transalpin]]'' is [[push-pull train|pulled]] by [[SBB Re 420|Re 420]]).
|-
|[[EuroNight]]
|EN
|International long-distance [[sleeping car|night trains]] between {{rws|Zürich HB}} and destinations in Croatia, Hungary and the Czech Republic.
|-
|[[NightJet]]
|NJ
|International long-distance night trains of ÖBB between Zürich HB/{{rws|Basel SBB}} and destinations in Austria, Germany and the Netherlands.
|-
|[[InterCity (Switzerland)|InterCity]]
|IC#
|Long-distance trains, fast connection (partly [[high-speed rail in Switzerland|high-speed]]) between major cities in Switzerland by SBB (one DB service to Germany: Zürich HB–{{rws|Schaffhausen}}–{{rws|Stuttgart Hbf}}). Since 2018, all lines are numbered. Includes [[SBB RABDe 500]] [[tilting train]]s, which previously ran under their own category (ICN). Otherwise, [[SBB Re 460|Re 460]]-hauled [[IC 2000]] [[push-pull train]]s of SBB are typically used.
|-
|[[InterRegio#Switzerland|InterRegio]]
|IR#
|Switzerland's main train category. Long-distance train, fast connection between regions and centers in Switzerland (and {{stn|Konstanz}}, Germany). All IR lines are numbered since 2018. Rolling stock varies but includes [[SBB RABe 502|RABe 502]] and [[SBB RABe 511|RABe 511]] trainsets of SBB, [[BLS RABe 528|RABe 528]] of BLS or [[SOB Traverso|RABe 526]] of SOB. 
|-
|[[Panorama Express]]
|PE
|Tourism-focused trains, often with large-windowed [[first class travel|1st class]] carriages that allow panoramic views.
|-
|[[RegioExpress]]
|RE#
|Fast regional train, does not call at all stations. Operates mainly in Switzerland, but some lines extend to Germany, France and Italy. All RE lines are numbered since 2023. Frequently SBB's [[SBB RABe 511|RABe 511]] are used.
|-
|Regio
|R#
|[[Regional rail|Regional train]] (e.g. of [[Chemins de fer du Jura|CJ]], [[RegionAlps]], [[Rhaetian Railway|RhB]], [[Transports publics Neuchâtelois|transN]]). Mainly links towns and villages, calling at all stations. All R lines are numbered.
|-
|[[S-train|S-Bahn]]
|S#
|Fast trains in regional, local and suburban transport, operating with short clock cycles in the metropolitan areas of [[Basel S-Bahn|Basel]], [[Bern S-Bahn|Bern]], [[Chur S-Bahn|Chur]], [[Lucerne S-Bahn|Lucerne]], [[Schaffhausen S-Bahn|Schaffhausen]], [[St. Gallen S-Bahn|St. Gallen]], [[Zug Stadtbahn|Zug]], [[Zurich S-Bahn|Zurich]] and in  [[Aargau S-Bahn|Aargau]]. Some services extend to stations in Austria, France and Germany. [[Treni Regionali Ticino Lombardia|TILO]] offers ''S-Bahn''-like services in [[Ticino]] and [[Lombardy]], Italy. In the French-speaking part of Switzerland, lines either use the letters R ([[RER Fribourg]], [[RER Vaud]]) or L ([[Léman Express]]) instead of the letter S. All lines are numbered.
|-
|[[Lausanne Métro|Métro]]
|M#
|Two [[rapid transit]] lines in [[Lausanne]] and [[Renens]].
|-
|{{lang|de|Extrazug}}
|EXT
|Unscheduled train. Usually to tackle high passenger volume, e.g. during holidays, sports events.
|}

==Ukraine==
{{Main|Ukrainian Railways}}
{{Further|Rail transport in Ukraine}}
The following train categories are present in [[Ukraine]]:
{| class="wikitable"
! Service
! Name
! Abbreviation
! Role
|-
| rowspan="7" |Day-time
| [[Eurocity]]
| ЄС
| International long-distance services; {{cvt|90–200|km/h}}; 1st and 2nd class only.
|-
| Intercity&nbsp;+
| ІС+
| National long-distance services; {{cvt|90–200|km/h}}; 1st and 2nd class only.
|-
| [[InterCity#Ukraine|Intercity]]
| ІC
| National long-distance services; {{cvt|70–160|km/h}}; 1st, 2nd and 3rd class.
|-
| Regional Express
| PE
| Regional services; {{cvt|70–140|km/h}}; 1st, 2nd and 3rd class.
|-
| [[Regional train]]
| P
| Regional services; up to 120&nbsp;km/h; 2nd and 3rd class only.
|-
| Suburban Train
| PП
| Suburban train services; 3rd class only.
|-
| City Train
| M
|  Urban train services; 3rd class only.
|-
| rowspan="4" |Overnight
| [[EuroNight]]
| EN
| International night train services; {{cvt|90–200|km/h}}; Lux, SV and Kupe classes.
|-
| Night Express
| НЕ
| International and national night train services; {{cvt|70–160|km/h}}; Lux, SV, Kupe and Platzkart classes.
|-
| Night Fast Train
| НШ
| National night train services; {{cvt|50–140|km/h}}; SV, Kupe and Platzkart classes.
|-
| Night Passenger Train
| НП
| National night train services; up to {{cvt|140|km/h}}; Kupe and Platzkart classes.
|}

==United Kingdom==
{{see also|List of companies operating trains in the United Kingdom|Rail transport in Great Britain}}
The [[United Kingdom]]'s railway network is unusual in not publicly numbering or classifying its trains, except by the brand of the operating company. This may approach a classification system on lines where the express and local services are operated by different companies:
* [[Great Eastern Main Line]]: all services are operated by [[Greater Anglia (train operating company)|Greater Anglia]], except for [[suburban rail|urban]] local services between [[Liverpool Street railway station|London Liverpool Street]] and [[Shenfield railway station|Shenfield]]. These services form the eastern leg of the [[Elizabeth line]], all legs of which are operated by [[MTR Corporation#United Kingdom|MTR Elizabeth line]].
* [[Lea Valley Lines]]: services on the main route, regardless of stopping pattern, are operated by Greater Anglia. The [[Southbury Loop]] and [[Chingford branch line|Chingford branch]] routes are operated by [[London Overground]].
* [[East Coast Main Line]]:
** A variety of companies run intercity trains on the East Coast Main Line, of which the principal operator is [[London North Eastern Railway]].
** Regional services are run as [[Govia Thameslink Railway]] as far as [[Peterborough railway station|Peterborough]], [[Northern (train operating company)|Northern]] between [[Darlington railway station|Darlington]] and [[Chathill railway station|Chathill]], & [[Abellio ScotRail]] from [[Dunbar railway station|Dunbar]].
** London [[suburban rail|suburban]] services are operated by Govia Thameslink Railway.
* [[West Coast Main Line]]:
** [[Avanti West Coast]] is the dominant brand of intercity trains.
** Stopping & semi-fast services are run by [[West Midlands Trains]] & branded as London Northwestern Railway from [[Euston railway station|London Euston]] as far as the junction for the [[Liverpool Lime Street railway station|Liverpool Lime Street]] branch, & by [[Northern (train operating company)|Northern]] between [[Wigan North Western railway station|Wigan North Western]] & [[Preston railway station|Preston]].
** Suburban services in London are run by [[London Overground]], while those in [[Lanarkshire]] are operated by ScotRail.
* [[Great Western Main Line]]: suburban services of London are operated by MTR Crossrail as the western leg of the Elizabeth line. All other trains, including Bristol's suburban network, are operated by [[Great Western Railway (train operating company)|Great Western Railway]].
* Regional and regional express trains of [[Wales]] and [[Valley Lines|suburban trains]] of [[Cardiff]] are operated by [[Transport for Wales Rail]]. The country's two intercity routes, through the [[Severn Tunnel]] and along the [[North Wales Coast Line]], are operated by Great Western Railway and Avanti West Coast respectively.
* [[Brighton Main Line]]: [[Govia Thameslink Railway]] runs [[Airport rail link|airport express]] trains under a dedicated brand ([[Gatwick Express]]). Other trains are branded by destination: those going via [[Blackfriars railway station|London Blackfriars]] are branded as Thameslink, others as [[Southern (Govia Thameslink Railway)|Southern]].
* In the [[North of England]], local and suburban trains are almost exclusively run by [[Northern (train operating company)|Northern]] and regional express services by [[TransPennine Express]].
* In [[Scotland]], all trains not running to/from England are operated by [[ScotRail]].
* In [[Northern Ireland]], rail services are operated by [[NI Railways]]. [[Enterprise (train service)|Enterprise]], a long-distance service between [[Belfast Grand Central station|Grand Central]] station in [[Belfast]] and [[Connolly station|Connolly]] station in [[Dublin]], is jointly operated by NI Railways and [[Iarnród Éireann]].<ref name=irishrail/>

In scheduling, trains are classified as ''express'', ''local'', ''sleeper'', ''international'' or ''metro'' trains.<ref>[https://www.brtimes.com/!info?type=board BR Times – Departures & Arrival Boards]</ref> However, these are not shown in passenger-facing publications, and express trains can have stopping sections calling at consecutive minor stops, acting as a local service on the section. For example, all trains run on the [[Thameslink]] core between [[St Pancras railway station|London St Pancras]] and [[London Blackfriars railway station|London Blackfriars]], no matter express or local, call at all intermediate stations between them,<ref>[https://www.brtimes.com/!board?stn=BFR&filt=STP&date=20210901 Departure board of London Blackfriars to London St Prancas]</ref> creating a frequent metro-like service as an alternative to [[London Underground]] for travelling in central London.

For most longer distance services (such as the inter-city trains operated by [[CrossCountry]]), advance tickets are sold and seat reservations can be made. While on shorter services (e.g. [[South Western Railway (train operating company)|South Western Railway]] Weymouth – London services), sometimes only counted-place reservations can be made but not for a specific seat for advance tickets, and on even shorter suburban services (e.g. [[South Western Railway (train operating company)|South Western Railway]] Guildford – London stopping services), no reservation can be made at all and no advance tickets can be sold.

==Former Yugoslavia==
{{Main|Jugoslovenske Železnice}}
In [[Yugoslavia]], the following train categories were used:
; Eurocity
: international high-class trains
; Intercity
: trains used on national and international services on important long-distance routes
; Intercity nagibni
: [[HŽ|Croatian Railways]] tilting train
; Poslovni voz/vlak
: Intercity – similar to express trains, usually 1st class only
; Brzi voz/vlak
: Express trains on long-distance routes, national and international
; Zeleni vlak
: Former [[SŽ|Slovenian]] express multiple-unit connexions, also cross-border
; Ubrzani vlak
: semi-fast (like German ''[[Eilzug]]'')
; Putnički voz, Lokalni voz, Potniški vlak
: Regional train stopping at all station, usually multiple unit trains

==Other European countries==
* {{flag icon|Iceland}} [[Rail transport in Iceland|Iceland]]: No railway lines.
* {{flag icon|Malta}} [[Rail transport in Malta|Malta]]: No railway lines.
* {{flag icon|Andorra}} [[Rail transport in Andorra|Principality of Andorra]]: No railway lines.
* {{flag icon|Liechtenstein}} [[Rail transport in Liechtenstein|Principality of Liechtenstein]]: Only one [[Feldkirch-Buchs railway|railway line]] with three operational railway stations that are only served by an ''[[Vorarlberg S-Bahn|S-Bahn]]'' (S) service  of the Austrian [[Austrian Federal Railways|ÖBB]].
* {{flag icon|Monaco}} [[Rail transport in Monaco|Principality of Monaco]]: Only one [[Marseille–Ventimiglia railway|railway line]] and a single [[Monaco-Monte-Carlo station|railway station]], served by [[TGV inOui]] and [[TER Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur|TER PACA]] of the French [[SNCF]].
* {{flag icon|San Marino}} [[Rail transport in San Marino|San Marino]]: Only a [[Rimini–San Marino railway|heritage railway line]].
* {{flag|Vatican}}: Only one [[Vatican Railway|railway line]] with one terminal railway station that is served by a regional train of the Italian [[Trenitalia]].

==See also==
* [[Passenger rail terminology]]
* [[Sleeper train#Europe|Sleeper trains in Europe]]
* [[High-speed rail in Europe]]
* [[Eurail|Eurail travel pass]]
* [[Interrail|Interrail travel pass]]
* [[Thomas Cook European Timetable|European Timetable]]
* [[The Man in Seat Sixty-One]]
* [[List of metro systems in Europe]]
* [[History of rail transport]]

==Footnotes and References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Rail transport in Europe}}

[[Category:Passenger rail transport]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Europe]]