View source for Tragic Week (Spain)

{{Short description|Social revolt}}
{{Expand language|langcode=es|otherarticle=Semana Trágica (España)|langcode2=ca|otherarticle2=Setmana Tràgica|topic=hist|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox civil conflict
| title = Tragic Week
| partof = the [[Second Rif War]]
| image = File:TragicWeekroundup.jpg
| caption = Suspects rounded up by the [[Civil Guard (Spain)|Civil Guard]].
| date = 26 July – 2 August 1909
| place = [[Barcelona]]
| causes = Opposition to conscription and the [[Second Rif War]]<br>[[Antimilitarism]]<br>[[Anti-clericalism]]
| status = 
| goals = 
| result = 
| methods = Rioting, strikes, barricades, arson and murder
| side1 = [[Anarchism in Spain|Anarchists]]<br>[[PSOE|Socialists]]<br>[[Republicanism in Spain|Republicans]]
| side2 = [[Spanish Army]]<br>[[Civil Guard (Spain)|Civil Guard]]
| side3 = 
| leadfigures1 = 
| leadfigures2 = 
| leadfigures3 = 
| howmany1 = 
| howmany2 = 
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| casualties3 = '''Arrests:''' 1,700 <br /> '''Injuries:''' 441<ref>Dalmau, A. (2009). ''Set dies de fúria: Barcelona i la Setmana Trágica''. Columna. pp. 59-60.</ref> <br /> '''Deaths:''' 104 to 150 civilians and 8 military. Five further civilians were executed after the riots.
| casualties_label = Arrests/Injuries/Deaths
| notes = 
}}'''Tragic Week''' (in [[Catalan language|Catalan]] ''la Setmana Tràgica'', in [[Spanish language|Spanish]] ''la Semana Trágica'') (25 July – 2 August 1909) was a series of violent confrontations between the [[Spanish army]] and [[anarchist]]s, [[freemasons]], [[Socialism|socialists]] and [[Republicanism in Spain|republican]]s of [[Barcelona]] and other cities in [[Catalonia]], [[Spain]], during the last week of July 1909. It was caused by the calling-up of reserve troops by Premier [[Antonio Maura]] to be sent as reinforcements when Spain renewed military-colonial activity in [[Morocco]] on 9 July, in what is known as the [[Second Rif War]]. Many of these reservists were the only breadwinners for their families, while the wealthy were able to hire substitutes. The figureheads most associated with the unrest were [[Alejandro Lerroux]] and [[Francisco Ferrer]].

==Background==

The incident began when a party of conscripts, destined for Morocco, boarded ships owned by the [[Claudio López Bru|marquess of Comillas]], a prominent Catholic industrialist. The soldiers were the subject of patriotic addresses, the playing of the [[Marcha Real|Royal March]], and the distribution of religious medals by well dressed ladies. The conscripts remained silent but many of the onlookers jeered and whistled, and emblems of the [[Sacred Heart]] were thrown into the sea.<ref>Mary Vincent, Spain 1833 - 2002 p.103</ref>

[[File:Semana Trágica en Barcelona.jpg|thumb|Barcelona during the Tragic Week.]]

==Outbreak==
By Tuesday, workers had occupied much of central Barcelona, halting troop trains and overturning trams. By Thursday, there was street fighting, with a general eruption of riots, strikes, and the burning of convents. Many of the rioters were antimilitarist, anticolonial and [[anticlerical]]. The rioters considered the Roman Catholic Church a part of the corrupt middle and upper class whose sons did not have to go to war, and much public opinion had been turned against the Church by anarchist elements within the city. Thus, not only were convents burned, but sepulchers were profaned and graves were emptied.<ref>Dolors Marín, "Barcelona en llamas: La Semana Trágica", ''La Aventura de la Historia'', Año 11, no. 129, p. 47.</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{in lang|en}} [http://libro.uca.edu/boyd/praetorian.htm Carolyn P. Boyd, Praetorian Politics in Liberal Spain, The Library of Iberian Resources Online]
*{{in lang|en}} Ullman, Joan Connelly. The Tragic Week: A Study of Anticlericalism in Spain, 1875–1912. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1968.
* Andreu Martín: Barcelona Trágica (Ediciones B, 2009 -castellano-); (Edicions Ara, 2009 -catalán-)

== External links ==

{{Commons category-inline}}
{{Anarchism}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1909 in Spain]]
[[Category:1909 riots]]
[[Category:Anarchism in Spain]]
[[Category:Anti-anarchism in Spain]]
[[Category:History of anarchism]]
[[Category:Military history of Barcelona]]
[[Category:History of Catalonia]]
[[Category:Riots and civil disorder in Spain]]
[[Category:1909 in Catalonia]]
[[Category:July 1909 in Europe]]
[[Category:August 1909 in Europe]]
[[Category:Freemasonry-related controversies]]
[[Category:Freemasonry in Spain]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in Catalonia]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in the 1900s]]
[[Category:Rif War]]
[[Category:1909 labor disputes and strikes]]
[[Category:General strikes in Spain]]
[[Category:Mass murder in 1909]]
[[Category:Arson in Spain]]
[[Category:1909 fires]]
[[Category:Mass murder in Catalonia]]
[[Category:Massacres of protesters in Europe]]
[[Category:Massacres committed by Spain]]
[[Category:Anti-war protests]]
[[Category:Conscription crises]]