View source for Traditional Korean musical instruments

{{Short description|none}}
{{No footnotes|date=July 2024}}[[Image:Korea-Buk-01.jpg|thumb|230px|''[[Buk (drum)|Buk]]'', Korean traditional drum]]
'''Traditional Korean musical instruments''' comprise a wide range of string, wind, and percussion instruments.

==String==
Korean [[string instruments]] include those that are plucked, bowed, and struck. Most Korean string instruments use silk strings, except as noted.

=== Plucked ===
==== Zithers ====
[[File:거문고 (Geomungo).jpg|thumb|[[Geomungo]]]]
[[File:개량가야금 신경철 (1967).jpg|thumb|[[Gayageum]]]] 
* [[Gayageum]] ({{Korean|hangul=가야금|hanja=伽倻琴|labels=no}}) – A long zither with 12 strings; modern versions may have 13, 15, 17, 18, 21, 22, or 25 strings
* [[Geomungo]] ({{Korean|hangul=거문고|labels=no}}) – A fretted bass zither with six to eleven silk strings that is plucked with a bamboo stick and played with a weight made out of cloth
**[[Cheolhyeongeum]] ({{Korean|hangul=철현금|hanja=鐵絃琴|labels=no}}) – A geomungo with 8 steel strings plucked with a bamboo stick and played with a slide made out of either glass or metal in the manner of a [[slide guitar]], developed in the 20th century<sup>[http://eee.uci.edu/programs/rgarfias/sound-recordings/sanjo.html photo 1][http://www.music-plaza.com/Product_Images/large/CNLR05062.jpg photo 2]</sup>
* [[Daejaeng]] ({{Korean|hangul=대쟁|hanja=大筝|labels=no}}) – A long zither with 15 strings, slightly larger than the ''gayageum''; (basically a 15 String version of the Ajaeng but played w/ a Plectrum) it was used during the Goryeo period but is no longer used<sup>[https://web.archive.org/web/20010905131152/http://topianet.co.kr/topia/6/6u/images/6u010002d.jpg photo]</sup> However it is being revived for song covers.
* [[Seul (instrument)|Seul]] ({{Korean|hangul=슬|hanja=瑟|labels=no}}) – A long zither with 25 strings, derived from the Chinese ''[[Se (instrument)|se]]''; used today only in ''[[Munmyo]] jeryeak'' (Korean Confucian ritual music)<sup>[https://web.archive.org/web/20010905152703/http://topianet.co.kr/topia/6/6u/images/6u010002g.jpg photo]</sup>
* [[Geum (instrument)|Geum]] ({{Korean|hangul=금|hanja=琴|labels=no}}) – A 7-stringed zither, derived from the Chinese ''[[guqin]]''; also called ''chilheyongeum''; used today only in ''Munmyo jeryeak'' (Korean Confucian ritual music)<sup>[https://web.archive.org/web/20010905144851/http://topianet.co.kr/topia/6/6u/images/6u010002f.jpg photo]</sup>
*[[Ongnyugeum]] ({{Korean|hangul=옥류금|hanja=玉流琴|labels=no}}) – A large modernized box zither with 33 nylon-wrapped metal strings, developed in 1973; used only in North Korea (pronounced ''ongryugeum'' in North Korea)<sup>[https://archive.today/20070928072727/http://www.uriminjogkiri.com/Newspaper/PhotoBook/Minsok/htm/97.htm photo 1][http://ifes.kyungnam.ac.kr/admin/upload_File/data/Dsc00059.jpg photo 2][https://web.archive.org/web/20070930045938/http://www.kcckp.net/images/periodic/korea/2006/06/36-4-0.jpg photo 3]</sup>

==== Harps ====

* [[Gonghu]] ({{Korean|hangul=공후|hanja=箜篌|labels=no}}) – Harps (no longer used).  There were four subtypes according to shape:
** Sogonghu ({{Korean|hangul=소공후|hanja=小箜篌|labels=no|lit=small harp}}) – harp with angled sound box, 13 strings, and a peg that is tucked into the player's belt
** Sugonghu ({{Korean|hangul=수공후|hanja=豎箜篌|labels=no|lit=vertical harp}}) – vertical harp without sound box and 21 strings <sup>[https://web.archive.org/web/20010706161022/http://www.topianet.co.kr/topia/6/6u/images/6u010002l.jpg photo]</sup>
** Wagonghu ({{Korean|hangul=와공후|hanja=臥箜篌|labels=no|lit=lying down harp}}) – [[Arched harp]] with a large internal sound box and 13 strings, similar to Burmese [[saung gauk]] <sup>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120205182237/http://www.topianet.co.kr/topia/6/6u/images/6u010002kk.jpg photo]</sup>
** Daegonghu ({{Korean|hangul=대공후|hanja=大箜篌|labels=no}}) – large vertical harp with 23-strings

==== Lutes ====
[[File:Bipa (Korean musical instrument).jpg|thumb|[[Bipa]]]] 
* [[Bipa]] ({{Korean|hangul=비파|hanja=琵琶|labels=no}}) – A pear-shaped lute with five strings (''hyangbipa'' or ''jikgyeongbipa'') or four strings ''(dangbipa''). Uncommon today; most modern recreations are modelled on the Chinese ''[[pipa]]''
* [[Wolgeum]] ({{Korean|hangul=월금|hanja=月琴|labels=no}}) – A lute with a moon-shaped wooden body, four strings, and 13 frets; no longer used
* [[Eoeungeum]] ({{Korean|hangul=어은금|labels=no}}) – A pear-shaped lute with five strings similar to ''hyangbipa''; used only in North Korea

===Bowed===

==== Fiddles ====

* [[Haegeum]] ({{Korean|hangul=해금|hanja=奚琴|labels=no}}) – A vertical fiddle with two strings; derived from the ancient Chinese ''[[Xiqin (instrument)|xiqin]]''
* [[Sohaegeum]] ({{Korean|hangul=소해금|hanja=小奚琴|labels=no}}) – A modernized fiddle with four strings similar to a modern violin; used only in North Korea
* [[Junghaegeum]] ({{Korean|hangul=중해금|hanja=中奚琴|labels=no}}) - A modernized fiddle with four strings similar to a modern viola; used only in North Korea
* [[Daehaegeum]] ({{Korean|hangul=대해금|hanja=大奚琴|labels=no}}) - A modernized fiddle with four strings similar to a modern cello; used only in North Korea
* [[Jeohaegeum]] ({{Korean|hangul=저해금|hanja=低奚琴|labels=no}}) - A modernized fiddle with four strings similar to a modern double bass; used only in North Korea

==== Zithers ====
[[File:산조아쟁 Sanjo ajaeng.jpg|thumb|[[Ajaeng]]]]
* [[Ajaeng]] ({{Korean|hangul=아쟁|hanja=牙箏|labels=no}}) – A zither bowed with a wooden stick, derived from the Chinese ''[[yazheng]]''

===Struck===

* [[Yanggeum]] ({{Korean|hangul=양금|hanja=洋琴|labels=no}}) – A [[hammered dulcimer]] with metal strings, struck with bamboo mallets; derived from the Chinese ''[[yangqin]]''

==Wind==

===Flutes===

==== Transverse ====

*[[Daegeum]] ({{Korean|hangul=대금|hanja=大笒|labels=no}})<!--hanja need to be checked--> – A large transverse bamboo flute with six finger-holes and an additional hole covered by a buzzing membrane
*[[Junggeum]] ({{Korean|hangul=중금|hanja=中笒|labels=no}}) – A medium-sized transverse bamboo flute with six finger-holes, without a buzzing membrane; rarely used today
*[[Sogeum]] ({{Korean|hangul=소금|hanja=小琴; 小笒|labels=no}})<!--hanja need to be checked--> – A small transverse bamboo flute with six finger-holes, without a buzzing membrane
*[[Dangjeok]] ({{Korean|hangul=당적|hanja=唐笛|labels=no}}) – A small transverse bamboo flute of Tang Chinese origin, slightly smaller than the ''junggeum''
*[[Ji (flute)|Ji]] ({{Korean|hangul=지|hanja=篪|labels=no}}) – An ancient transverse bamboo flute with a protruding notched blowhole and five finger holes (one in the back and four in the front), derived from the Chinese ''chí.'' Used only in [[aak]] and ''Munmyo jeryeak'' (Korean Confucian ritual music)

====End-blown====

*[[Danso]] ({{Korean|hangul=단소|hanja=短簫|labels=no}}) – A small notched vertical bamboo flute with four finger-holes
*[[Tongso|Tungso]]<!--Is the pronunciation "tongso" or "tungso"?--> ({{Korean|hangul=퉁소|hanja=洞簫|labels=no}}) – A long notched vertical bamboo flute with five finger-holes; originally called ''tongso''
*[[Yak (instrument)|Yak]] ({{Korean|hangul=약|hanja=籥|labels=no}}) – A notched vertical bamboo flute with three finger-holes; used in ''Munmyo jeryeak'' (Korean Confucian ritual music)
*Jeok ({{Korean|hangul=적|hanja=篴|labels=no}})
*[[So (instrument)|So]] ({{Korean|hangul=소|hanja=簫|labels=no}}) – A [[pan flute]]; derived from the Chinese ''[[paixiao]]''; used only in ''Munmyo jeryeak'' (Korean Confucian ritual music
*[[Hun (instrument)|Hun]] ({{Korean|hangul=훈|hanja=塤|labels=no}}) – A [[globular flute]] made of baked clay originating from prehistoric times; end-blown like a [[shakuhachi]], unlike an [[ocarina]] (which is a whistle design). Derived from the Chinese ''[[Xun (instrument)|xun]]''

===Oboes===

*[[Piri (instrument)|Piri]] ({{Korean|hangul=피리|labels=no}}) – A cylindrical oboe with a bamboo body. There are four varieties of ''piri'':
**Hyang piri ({{Korean|hangul=향피리|hanja=鄕—|labels=no}})
**Se piri ({{Korean|hangul=세피리|hanja=細—|labels=no}})
**Dang piri ({{Korean|hangul=당피리|hanja=唐—|labels=no}})
**Dae piri ({{Korean|hangul=대피리|labels=no}}) – A modernised instrument with clarinet-like keys, used only in North Korea{{Citation needed|date=March 2024}}
*[[Taepyeongso]] (태평소; 太平簫; also called ''hojeok, saenap'' or ''nallari'') – A conical oboe with a wooden body and metal bell

===Free-reed===

*[[Saenghwang]] ({{Korean|hangul=생황|hanja=笙簧|labels=no}}) – A free-reed mouth organ with 17 bamboo pipes, derived from the Chinese ''[[Sheng (instrument)|sheng]]''; uncommon today

[[Image:Korea-Nabal-01s.jpg|thumb|A player of the ''nabal'']]

===Trumpets===

*[[Nabal (instrument)|Nabal]] ({{Korean|hangul=나발|hanja=喇叭|labels=no}}) – Long metal trumpet; used in ''[[daechwita]]''
*[[Nagak]] ({{Korean|hangul=나각|hanja=螺角|labels=no}}) – Sea shell horn, also called ''sora;'' used in ''[[daechwita]]''

==Percussion==
*[[Jong (bell)|Jong]] ({{Korean|hangul=종|hanja=鐘|labels=no}}) – A bronze bell
*[[Pyeonjong]] ({{Korean|hangul=편종|hanja=編鐘|labels=no}}) – A set of 16 tuned bronze bells used in ancient court music; derived from the Chinese ''[[bianzhong]]''
*[[Teukgjong]] ({{Korean|hangul=특종|hanja=特鐘|labels=no}}) – A single large bronze bell
*[[Pyeongyeong]] ({{Korean|hangul=편경|hanja=編磬|labels=no}}) – A set of 16 tuned stone chimes used in ancient court music; derived from the Chinese ''[[bianqing]]''
*[[Teukgyeong]] ({{Korean|hangul=특경|hanja=特磬|labels=no}}) – A single large tuned stone chime
*[[Banghyang]] ({{Korean|hangul=방향|hanja=方響|labels=no}}) – A [[metallophone]] with 16 tuned iron slabs; derived from the Chinese ''[[fangxiang]]''
*[[Ulla (instrument)|Ulla]] ({{Korean|hangul=운라|hanja=雲鑼; 雲羅|labels=no}}) – A set of ten small tuned gongs in a wooden frame; derived from the Chinese ''[[yunluo]]

===Drums===
*[[Buk (drum)|Buk]] ({{Korean|hangul=북|labels=no}}) – A barrel drum used primarily in pansori, pungmul, and samulnori. The term ''buk'' is also used in Korean as a generic term to refer to any type of drum.
**Pungmul-buk({{Korean|hangul=풍물북|labels=no}}) – used in [[pungmul]] ({{Korean|hangul=풍물|labels=no}})
**Sori-buk ({{Korean|hangul=소리북|labels=no}}) – used to accompany [[pansori]] ({{Korean|hangul=판소리|labels=no}})
[[Image:Airman Buk.jpg|100x100px|thumb|the buk]]
*[[Janggu]] or Janggo ({{Korean|hangul=장구; 장고|hanja=杖鼓; 長鼓|labels=no}}) – A double-headed hourglass-shaped drum generally played with one stick and one hand
[[Image:Janggu.jpg|100x100px|thumb|the Janggu]]
*[[Galgo]]<!--Revised romanization needs to be checked--> ({{Korean|hangul=갈고|hanja=羯鼓|labels=no}})<!--Many sources don't give a hanja for the first syllable; need to verify that the first hanja is correct--> – Double-headed hourglass-shaped drum similar to the ''janggo'' but played with two sticks and thinner drum heads; sometimes called ''yanggo'' or ''yangjanggo''; no longer commonly used [https://web.archive.org/web/20080605020353/http://www.kcaf.or.kr/ehome3/english/galgo.htm]
*[[Jingo (drum)|Jingo]] ({{Korean|hangul=진고|hanja=晉鼓|labels=no}}) – Largest barrel drum
*[[Jeolgo]] ({{Korean|hangul=절고|hanja=節鼓|labels=no}}) – Barrel drum
*[[Jwago]] ({{Korean|hangul=좌고|hanja=座鼓|labels=no}}) – A barrel drum in a wooden frame
*[[Geongo]] ({{Korean|hangul=건고|hanja=建鼓|labels=no}}) – Huge barrel drum
*[[Yonggo]] ({{Korean|hangul=용고|hanja=龍鼓|labels=no}}) – A barrel drum with a dragon painted on its shell; used in ''[[daechwita]]''
*[[Eunggo]] ({{Korean|hangul=응고|hanja=應鼓|labels=no}}) – Barrel drum suspended from a frame
*[[Sakgo]] – ({{Korean|hangul=삭고|hanja=朔鼓|labels=no}}) – A long barrel drum suspended from a wooden frame
*[[Gyobanggo]] ({{Korean|hangul=교방고|hanja=敎坊鼓|labels=no}}) – Flat drum suspended from a frame
*[[Junggo (drum)|Junggo]] ({{Korean|hangul=중고|hanja=中鼓|labels=no}}) – Flat drum suspended from a frame; similar to the ''gyobanggo'' but larger
*[[Sogo (drum)|Sogo]] ({{Korean|hangul=소고|hanja=小鼓|labels=no}}) – A small hand-held drum
*[[Nogo (instrument)|Nogo]] ({{Korean|hangul=노고|hanja=路鼓|labels=no}}) – A set of two drums pierced by a pole
*[[Nodo (drum)|Nodo]] ({{Korean|hangul=노도|hanja=路鼗|labels=no}})<!--Many sources don't give hanja for this instrument name; need to verify that the hanja are correct--> – A set of two small drums on a pole, which is twisted to play; used in ritual music
*[[Yeongdo]] (영도; hanja:靈鼗)<!--Many sources don't give hanja for this instrument name; need to verify that the hanja are correct--> – Four drums on a pole, which is twisted to play; used in ritual music
*[[Noedo]] ({{Korean|hangul=뇌도|hanja=雷鼗|labels=no}})<!--Many sources don't give a hanja for the second syllable; need to verify that the second hanja is correct-->) – six small drums hung in a frame; used in ritual music
*[[Noego]] ({{Korean|hangul=뇌고|hanja=雷鼓|labels=no}}) – Three small barrel drums on a pole, which is twisted to play; used in ritual music
*[[Do (drum)|Do]] ({{Korean|hangul=도|labels=no}}) – single pellet drum on a pole

===Gongs===
*[[Kkwaenggwari]] ({{Korean|hangul=꽹과리|labels=no}}) – A small gong used primarily in folk music
*[[Jing (instrument)|Jing]] ({{Korean|hangul=징|labels=no}}) – A large gong; originally pronounced ''jeong'' ({{Korean|hangul=정|hanja=鉦|labels=no}})

===Cymbals===
*[[Jabara (instrument)|Jabara]] ({{Korean|hangul=자바라|labels=no}};<!--need hanja, if they exist; is 啫哱囉 correct?--> also called ''bara'', ''bal'', or ''jegeum'') – pair of large brass cymbals, The name Zabara comes from Calpara.

===Wooden instruments===
*[[Bak (instrument)|Bak]] ({{Korean|hangul=박|hanja=拍|labels=no}}) – A wooden clapper; used in ancient court and ritual music
*[[Chuk (instrument)|Chuk]] ({{Korean|hangul=축|hanja=柷|labels=no}}) – A wooden box, played by hitting a stick on the inside, used to mark beats or sections; derived from the Chinese ''[[Zhu (percussion instrument)|zhù]]''; used in ancient ritual music
*[[Eo (instrument)|Eo]] ({{Korean|hangul=어|hanja=敔|labels=no}}) – A wooden percussion instrument carved in the shape of a tiger with a serrated back, played by running a bamboo whisk across it to mark the ends of sections; derived from the Chinese ''yǔ''

===Clay instruments===
*[[Bu (instrument)|Bu]] ({{Korean|hangul=부|hanja=缶|labels=no}}) – A clay pot, derived from the Chinese ''fǒu''; used in ''Munmyo jeryeak''

==See also==
{{Commons category|Musical instruments of Korea|Traditional Korean musical instrument}}
*[[Akhak Gwebeom]]
*[[Korean music]]
*[[String instruments]]

== References ==
<references />

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071009101309/http://www.ureuk.or.kr/htm/musical04.php Korean string instruments]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071009111158/http://www.ureuk.or.kr/htm/musical05.php Korean bamboo wind instruments]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071013030158/http://www.ureuk.or.kr/htm/musical08.php Korean drums]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060620010524/http://www.culture-arts.go.kr/english/contents/con1_2-1.html Korean wind instruments]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060622213023/http://www.culture-arts.go.kr/english/contents/con1_2-2.html Korean percussion instruments]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050303093544/http://www.culture-arts.go.kr/english/contents/con1_2-3.html Korean string instruments]
*[http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/55a/176.html North Korean instruments]

===Listening===
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20040804064238/http://www.personal.psu.edu/users/m/r/mrb280/assignment7/sounds.html Korean instrument audio samples]
*[http://aris.ss.uci.edu/rgarfias/kiosk/sanjo.html Korean music audio] from [[Robert Garfias]] site

===Video===
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071018145711/http://aris.ss.uci.edu/rgarfias/kiosk/media.html Korean instruments videos] from [[Robert Garfias]] site

{{Asian musical instruments}}

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[[Category:Korean musical instruments| ]]
[[Category:Korean traditional music|Instruments]]
[[Category:South Korean folk music]]