View source for Toyota Soarer

{{short description|Personal luxury car/grand tourer made by Toyota}}
{{distinguish|Toyota Sora|Toyota Sera}}
{{Infobox automobile
| image = 1988 Toyota Soarer 2.0GT Twin Turbo.jpg
| caption = 1988 Toyota Soarer 2.0GT Twin Turbo (GZ20)
| name = Toyota Soarer
| manufacturer = [[Toyota]]
| aka = [[Lexus SC]] (1991–2010)
| production = February 1981 – July 2005 (the succeeding SC nameplate continued production until July 2010)
| assembly = {{unbulleted list
  |'''Japan:'''
  | [[Tahara, Aichi]] ([[Tahara plant]], February 1981 – February 1991)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/data/automotive_business/production/production/japan/general_status/tahara.html|title = TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION GLOBAL WEBSITE &#124; 75 Years of TOYOTA &#124; General Status of Plants in Japan &#124; Tahara Plant}}</ref>
  | [[Toyota City, Aichi]] ([[Motomachi plant]], April 1991 – April 1997)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/data/automotive_business/production/production/japan/general_status/motomachi.html|title = TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION GLOBAL WEBSITE &#124; 75 Years of TOYOTA &#124; General Status of Plants in Japan &#124; Motomachi Plant}}</ref>
  | [[Susono, Shizuoka]] ([[Higashi Fuji plant]], commenced March 1989)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/data/automotive_business/production/production/japan/general_status/toyota_motor_east_japan.html|title=TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION GLOBAL WEBSITE &#124; 75 Years of TOYOTA &#124; General Status of Plants in Japan &#124; Affiliates (Toyota wholly-owned subsidiaries)-Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc}}</ref>{{clarification needed|reason=March 1989 until when?|date=May 2020}}
  }}
| class = {{unbulleted list
  | [[Grand tourer]]
  | [[Personal luxury car]]
  }}
| layout = [[Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive]]
| predecessor = {{unbulleted list
  | [[Toyota Mark II (X30)|Toyota Mark II coupé (X30/X40)]]
  | [[Toyota Chaser (X30)|Toyota Chaser coupé (X30/X40)]]
  | [[Toyota Crown (S110)|Toyota Crown coupé (S110)]]
  | [[Toyota Carina (A40)|Toyota Carina coupé (A40)]]
  }}
| successor = {{unbulleted list
  | [[Lexus SC (Z40)|Lexus SC 430]] (Japan, 2005)
  | [[Lexus LC]] (V8 Engine)
  }}
}}

The {{nihongo|'''Toyota Soarer'''|トヨタ・ソアラ|Toyota Soara|lead=yes}} is a [[Personal luxury car|personal luxury]] [[Grand tourer|GT]] [[coupé]] produced from 1981 to 2005 by [[Toyota]] and sold in Japan. It was available at both Japanese Toyota dealerships called ''[[Toyota Store]]'' and ''Toyopet Store'', and it debuted with the Z10 series, replacing the ''Toyopet Store'' exclusive [[Toyota Mark II (X30)|Mark II coupé]], the ''Toyota Auto Store'' exclusive [[Toyota Chaser (X30)|Chaser coupé]], and both the ''Toyota Store'' exclusive [[Toyota Crown (S110)|Crown coupé]] and [[Toyota Carina (A40)|Carina coupé]].

In 1986, the Z20 series Soarer was launched, based on the then-new [[Toyota Supra (A70)|A70 series Supra]] platform, which was exclusive to ''Toyota Corolla Store'' locations. In 1991, the Z30 series Soarer premiered in Japan, while its Lexus equivalent, the [[Lexus SC (Z30)|SC 300/400]], debuted in the US market.

While externally identical to the SC, the Z30 series Soarer lineup offered different powertrain specifications and multiple unique vehicle configurations. In 2001, Toyota introduced a convertible-only successor in Japan as the Z40 series Soarer and elsewhere as the [[Lexus SC (Z40)|SC 430]]. In contrast to the previous series, the Z40 series Soarer and SC were based on a single model and were largely equivalent. In 2005, following the introduction of Lexus in Japan, the Soarer name and emblem were discontinued, and the Z40 model became the SC 430 in common with worldwide markets.

When introduced in Japan, the Soarer competed with the [[Nissan Skyline]], [[Nissan Leopard]], and [[Mazda Cosmo]] coupés and served as Toyota's [[halo car]], often introducing new technologies before they were installed on other Toyota products. All versions of the Soarer featured a unique winged lion emblem (often mistakenly called a [[Griffin]]) as the logo throughout the vehicle.

[[File:soarerbadge.jpg|thumb|Soarer logo]]

__TOC__
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== {{anchor|Z10}} First generation (1981–1985)==
{{Infobox automobile
| image = 1984 Toyota Soarer 2.0GT.jpg
| name = Toyota Soarer
| caption = 1984 Toyota Soarer 2.0 GT
| model_code = Z10
| production = 1981–1985
| related = 
{{unbulleted list
  | [[Toyota Carina#A60|Toyota Carina A60]]
  | [[Toyota Celica#A60|Toyota Celica A60]]
  | [[Toyota Supra#A60|Toyota Supra A60]]
  }}
| engine = {{unbulleted list
  | 2.0&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota G engine#1G-EU|1G-EU]]'' [[Straight-six engine|I6]]
  | 2.0&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota G engine#1G-GEU|1G-GEU]]'' I6
  | 2.0&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota M engine#M-TEU|M-TEU]]'' [[Turbocharger|turbo]] I6 (after 1983)
  | 2.8&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota M engine#5M-GE|5M-GEU]]'' I6
  | 3.0&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota M engine#6M-GE|6M-GEU]]'' I6
  }}
| transmission = {{unbulleted list
  | 5-speed ''[[Toyota R transmission|R154]]'' manual (5M-GEU)
  | 5-speed ''[[Toyota W transmission|W57]]'' manual (1G-GEU)
  | 4-speed ''[[Toyota A transmission|A340E]]'' [[automatic transmission|automatic]]
  }}
| length = {{cvt|4655|mm|in|1}}
| width = {{cvt|1695|mm|in|1}}
| height = {{cvt|1360|mm|in|1}}
| body_style = 2-door [[coupé]]
| weight = {{cvt|1220|-|1580|kg|lb|0}}
| wheelbase = {{cvt|2660|mm|in|1}}
}}

[[File:1984 Toyota Soarer 2.0GT rear.jpg|thumb|left|1984 Toyota Soarer 2.0GT (GZ10)]]
[[File:ToyotaSoarer1stinterior.jpg|left|thumb|Z10 Toyota Soarer interior]]

The Soarer, introduced as the EX-8, first appeared at the 1980 Osaka International Motor Show. At its introduction in 1981, it won the [[Car of the Year Japan]] Award. Toyota sought to introduce a grand touring coupe, offering a powerful straight-six engine, luxurious accommodations, and a modern, aerodynamic appearance. Internationally, [[personal luxury car]]s were popular in the West, and Toyota saw an opportunity to offer the same type of car to Japanese buyers. The Soarer complied with [[Vehicle size class#Japan|Japanese external dimension regulations]], and the first-generation models were classified as "compacts," which gave Japanese buyers tax-saving advantages. The engine displacements were also limited to above 2 liters but below 3 liters, so Japanese buyers could determine how much annual [[Road tax#Japan|road tax]] they were willing to pay.

It debuted with a rear-wheel-drive configuration<ref name="intellexual.net">{{cite web|url=http://www.intellexual.net/faq.html#001 |title=ˇ m k i v |publisher=Intellexual.net |date=2004-10-27 |access-date=2009-04-28}}</ref>  based on the [[Toyota Supra (A60)|A60 Supra]], which utilized [[MacPherson strut]]s for the front, with a [[Independent suspension|semi-trailing arm]] rear suspension with coil springs. Cruise control, audible warning messages, 7-way adjustable driver's seat, digital [[Automatic climate control]], and [[digital speed and tachometer display]] using [[Light-emitting diode|LED]]s were included on top and mid-model trim packages. At the same time, ventilated disc brakes for all wheels and [[self-diagnosis]] maintenance reminders, among other electronic features, were standard equipment.<ref name="1stthru4thSoarer">{{cite web |title=Toyota Soarer |url=https://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/vehicle_lineage/car/id60010493/index.html |website=75 Years of Toyota |publisher=Toyota Motor Corporation |access-date=8 June 2024}}</ref>

The AM/FM stereo cassette had the ability to record on higher-quality [[cassette tape#Tape types|metal tapes]]. On the face of the stereo was a microphone jack that would accommodate a microphone. If it was installed with a digital instrument cluster a [[trip computer]] was included. The digital cluster featured a digital tachometer, digital speedometer, electronic fuel, and coolant level gauges. The trip computer could calculate and display various things such as [[Fuel economy in automobiles|fuel economy]] in kilometers-per-liter, [[estimated time of arrival]] (ETA), and distance remaining to the destination. It was offered in four exterior colors with contrasting dark gray or dark brown interiors, while the six trim packages offered optional equipment as standard on the three top-level packages. The trim package names were the 2800GT-Extra, 2800GT, 2000VX, 2000VR, 2000V II with the entry-level 2000V I.<ref name="1stthru4thSoarer"/>

When the mid-model refresh was introduced, several technological improvements were added. The digital speedometer was augmented with Electro MultiVision display,<ref name="Toyota Newsroom - Electro Multivision announcement">{{cite press release |url=https://global.toyota/en/detail/7790394 |title=Toyota introduces Electro Multivision |publisher=Toyota |date=1985-01-07 |access-date=2022-05-24}}</ref> on the 3.0 GT-Limited with the automatic transmission installed. It consisted of a six-inch CRT TV display installed in the instrument cluster showing engine revolutions, shift position, fuel consumption trends, and TEMS suspension settings. It would also notify if any maintenance warnings on linked systems should be done. Different functions would be displayed by touching a button; however, the screen was not touch-sensitive. If the car was stationary with the transmission in park and the parking brake applied, broadcast TV could be watched.<ref name="1stthru4thSoarer"/>

The Soarer was the first Toyota automobile with [[Toyota Electronic Modulated Suspension]] (TEMS)<ref name="Technical Development - Chassis">{{cite web | url = http://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/data/automotive_business/products_technology/technology_development/chassis/index.html | title = Technical Development – Chassis | publisher = Toyota Motor Corporation | date = 2012 | access-date = 2015-01-14}}</ref> and an all-new double wishbone suspension was installed for the front and rear wheels, labeled as PEGASUS (Precision Engineered Geometrically Advanced SUSpension)<ref name="Technical Development - Chassis"/> to accommodate the adjustable shock absorbers and anti-lock brakes were included. All mid-model refresh cars can be distinguished by where the side view mirrors are installed, whereby after 1983, the mirrors were relocated to the doors. The trim package names were updated to the 2.8 GT-Limited, 2.8 GT, 2.0 GT, 2.0 Turbo, 2.0VX, and 2.0VR with the entry-level 2.0V II, and for 1984 the 2.8 engine was upgraded to the 3.0-liter engine.<ref name="1stthru4thSoarer"/>

The Z10 series Toyota Soarer was produced from February 1981 to December 1985 in 2.0L, 2.8L, or 3.0L [[DOHC]] [[straight-six engine]]s, and all engines came standard with electronic fuel injection. Early M-TEU-powered MZ11 models were different from later MZ11s in some regards. Later improvements to the MZ11 engine included a water-to-air [[intercooler]], and further enhancements were made to an oil-and-water-cooled turbo, as opposed to the oil-cooled-only turbo in the early MZ11s.<ref name="1stthru4thSoarer"/>

<gallery widths=200 heights=140>
Toyota E-MZ11 Soarer 2800GT-EXTRA (22022010300).jpg|Toyota E-MZ11 Soarer 2800GT-EXTRA
1982 Toyota Soarer from the Toygarage.jpg|1982 Toyota Soarer 2800GT
</gallery>

{{clear}}

== {{anchor|Z20}} Second generation (1986-1991) ==
{{Infobox automobile
| image = 1989 Toyota Soarer 3.0 GT Limited in Crystal White Toning II, front left.jpg
| caption = Toyota Soarer 3.0 GT Limited
| name = Toyota Soarer
| model_code = Z20
| production = January 1986 – April 1991
| related = [[Toyota Supra (A70)]]
| engine = {{unbulleted list
  | 2.0&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota G engine#1G-E|1G-E]]'' [[Straight-six engine|I6]]
  | 2.0&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota G engine#1G-GE|1G-GE]]'' I6
  | 2.0&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota G engine#1G-FE|1G-FE]]'' I6
  | 2.0&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota G engine#1G-GTE|1G-GTE]]'' [[twin-turbo]] I6 
  | 3.0&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota M engine#7M-GTE|7M-GTE]]'' [[Turbocharger|turbo]] I6 
  }}
| transmission = {{unbulleted list
  | 5-speed ''[[Toyota R transmission|R154]]'' manual (7M-GTE)
  | 5-speed ''[[Toyota W transmission|W57/W58]]'' manual (1G-GE/GTE)
  | 4-speed ''[[Toyota A transmission|A340E]]'' [[automatic transmission|automatic]]
  }}
| length = {{convert|4675|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| width = {{unbulleted list
  | {{convert|1725|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (3.0L engine)
  | {{convert|1690|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
  }}
| height = {{convert|1335|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| body_style = {{unbulleted list
  | 2-door [[coupé]] (GZ20, MZ20)
  | 2-door [[convertible]] (MZ20 Aerocabin)
  }}
| weight = {{convert|1300|-|1520|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}
| wheelbase = {{convert|2670|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
}}

The Z20 series Toyota Soarer was produced from January 1986 to April 1991 and was available in several variants. The styling of the second-generation Soarer is similar of that of the X80 series [[Toyota Cressida (X80)|Cressida]], [[Toyota Mark II (X80)|Mark II]], [[Toyota Chaser (X80)|Chaser]] and [[Toyota Cresta (X80)|Cresta]].<ref name="intellexual.net"/> The Soarer shared its platform with the newly introduced [[Toyota Supra (A70)|A70 series Supra]].

The Z20 Soarer revised the previous generation Electro MultiVision CRT display installation from the instrument cluster to a location below the automatic climate control, which could be upgraded to a touch-sensitive interface. A new feature offered navigation information uploaded by the use of [[cassette tapes]] then upgraded to [[CD-ROM]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/data/automotive_business/products_technology/technology_development/electronics_parts/index.html | title = Technical Development Electronics Parts | publisher = Toyota Motor Corporation | date = 2012 | access-date = 2015-01-14}}</ref> The digital speedometer display was upgraded and provided more information at a glance. The cloth upholstery was unique to each trim package, and the sport bucket seats used in the [[Toyota Supra (A70)]] were offered only on GT trim packages upholstered in cloth or leather.<ref name="1stthru4thSoarer"/>

In 1986, the electronically controlled shock absorber ([[Toyota Electronic Modulated Suspension|TEMS]]) carried over from the previous generation, and the double wishbone suspension was now shared with the A70 Supra.<ref name="Technical Development - Chassis"/> An electronically controlled airbag suspension was also available on the GT Limited model.<ref name="1stthru4thSoarer"/>

In 1988, [[TOM'S]] released a limited-model package for the 7M-GTE equipped vehicles named the C5. The TOM'S C5 Soarer could be optioned with a remapped ECU, larger turbocharger compressor, a woven fibre intake pipe, KYB shock absorbers with lowered springs, bespoke 16x8" ±50 TOM'S C5 wheels that were manufactured by Ray's Engineering and TOM'S C5 badges for the rear of the vehicle.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Imgur |title=TOM'S C5 Soarer/Supra |url=https://imgur.com/gallery/NeldN |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=Imgur |language=en}}</ref>

In April 1989, a limited 500-unit variant called the Aerocabin was introduced. This variant had only 2 seats and an electric folding roof. The Aerocabin had the same specs as the GT-Limited but was only available with the 7M-GTE engine, 4-speed automatic transmission, tan leather interior, and pearlescent paint.

In 1988, the Soarer Z20 was given a facelift. The grille and rear taillights were redesigned and minor interior changes were made (climate control, dash). Other than that engines were improved, with power increases as follows:
* 1G-GTEU {{cvt|180|to|200|PS|kW hp|0}}
* 7M-GTEU {{cvt|230|to|240|PS|kW hp|0}}

Unlike the A70 Supra, the 2.5&nbsp;L twin turbo 1JZ-GTE was not made available for the Z20 Soarer. However, all models built from May 1989 including the Aerocabin did have a revised crossmember.

<gallery widths=200 heights=140>
Toyota Soarer 20 001.JPG|Toyota Soarer 2.0 GT Twin-turbo (GZ20)
1988-1991 Toyota Soarer rear.jpg|1988–1991 Toyota Soarer 2.0 GT Twin-turbo L (GZ20); rear view
Toyota-SoarerAerocabin.jpg|Toyota Soarer AeroCabin (aftermarket wheels)
</gallery>
{{clear}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"
||'''model code'''
||'''chassis code'''
||'''grade'''
||'''year'''
||'''engine'''
||'''transmission'''
||'''weight (kg)'''
||'''turbo'''
| colspan="2"|'''notes'''
|-
| rowspan="12" style="text-align:center;"| '''GZ20''' || style="text-align:center;"|HCMEE || rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.0 VZ'''  || style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"| 1986.1-1987.12  || rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;"| [[Toyota G engine#1G-EU|1G-EU]] || style="text-align:center;"|[[Toyota W transmission#W57|W57]] 5-speed M/T || style="text-align:center;"|1300 || style="text-align:center;" rowspan="8"|'''N/A''' || style="text-align:center;" rowspan="4"|'''87.1'''- +10&nbsp;kg
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|HCPEE || style="text-align:center;"|[[Toyota A transmission|A42DL]] 4-speed A/T || style="text-align:center;"|1310
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|HCMGE|| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.0 VX''' || rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|  1986.1-1988.12 || style="text-align:center;"|[[Toyota W transmission#W57|W57]] 5-speed M/T || style="text-align:center;"|1320 || rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| '''88.1-''' +20&nbsp;kg
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|HCPGE || style="text-align:center;"|[[Toyota A transmission|A42DE]] 4-speed A/T || style="text-align:center;"|1330
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|HCMGK || rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| 1989.1-1991.4|| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| [[Toyota G engine#1G-FE|1G-FE]] || style="text-align:center;"|[[Toyota W transmission#W57|W57]] 5-speed M/T  || style="text-align:center;"|1350 || style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" rowspan="2"| '''[[Electronic stability control|ESC]]'''
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|HCPGK || style="text-align:center;"|[[Toyota A transmission|A42DE]] 4-speed A/T || style="text-align:center;"|1360
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|HCMVF|| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.0 GT''' || rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;"| 1986.1-1991.4  || rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|[[Toyota G engine#1G-GEU|1G-GEU]]  || style="text-align:center;"|[[Toyota W transmission#W55|W55]] 5-speed M/T || style="text-align:center;"|1330 || style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"| '''87.1-''' +10&nbsp;kg, '''88.1-''' +30&nbsp;kg and '''[[Electronic stability control|ESC]]'''
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|HCPVF|| style="text-align:center;"|[[Toyota A transmission|A42DE]] 4-speed A/T|| style="text-align:center;"|1340 ||'''89.1-''' [[Toyota A transmission#A340E|A340E]] 4-speed A/T
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|HCMVZ || rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.0 GT-TWIN TURBO'''|| rowspan="4"| [[Toyota G engine#1G-GTE|1G-GTE]]  ||[[Toyota W transmission#W57|W57]] 5-speed M/T  || style="text-align:center;"| 1400 || rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;"|'''Twin CT-12''' || rowspan="2"|'''87.1-''' +10&nbsp;kg and '''[[Electronic stability control|ESC]]''', '''88.1-''' +20&nbsp;kg||'''88.1-''' [[Toyota W transmission#W58|W58]] 5-speed M/T
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|HCPVZ || style="text-align:center;"|[[Toyota A transmission#A340E|A340E]] 4-speed A/T || style="text-align:center;"|1420 ||
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|HCMZZ|| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.0 GT-TWIN TURBO L'''|| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|1988.1-1991.4 || style="text-align:center;"| [[Toyota W transmission#W58|W58]] 5-speed M/T  || style="text-align:center;"|1430 || style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" rowspan="2"|'''[[Electronic stability control|ESC]]'''
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|HCPZZ|| style="text-align:center;"|[[Toyota A transmission#A340E|A340E]] 4-speed A/T|| style="text-align:center;"|1450
|-
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;"| '''MZ20''' || style="text-align:center;"|HCMZZ || rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.0 GT'''  || style="text-align:center;"|1987.1-1991.4|| rowspan="7"| [[Toyota M engine#7M-GTE|7M-GTE]] || [[Toyota R transmission#R154|R154]] 5-speed M/T || style="text-align:center;"|1490  || rowspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|'''CT-26''' || rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| '''87.1-''' +20&nbsp;kg, '''88.1-'''+ 20&nbsp;kg, '''89.1-''' +10&nbsp;kg
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|HCPVZ || style="text-align:center;"|1986.1-1991.4|| style="text-align:center;"|[[Toyota A transmission#A340E|A340E]] 4-speed A/T|| style="text-align:center;"|1470
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|HJPVZ|| style="text-align:center;"|'''3.0 GT AEROCABIN'''  || style="text-align:center;"|1989.4|| style="text-align:center;"|[[Toyota A transmission#A340E|A340E]] 4-speed A/T|| style="text-align:center;"|1610|| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|'''Limited run of 500 units'''
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|HCMZZ|| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.0 GT LIMITED'''   || style="text-align:center;"|1987.1-1991.4|| style="text-align:center;"|[[Toyota R transmission#R154|R154]] 5-speed M/T|| style="text-align:center;"|1520|| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|'''87.1-''' +20&nbsp;kg|| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="4"|'''88.1-''' +10&nbsp;kg
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|HCPZZ|| style="text-align:center;"|1986.1-1991.4 || style="text-align:center;"|[[Toyota A transmission#A340E|A340E]] 4-speed A/T|| style="text-align:center;"|1500
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|'''MZ21'''|| style="text-align:center;"|HCMZZ|| style="text-align:center;"|1987.1-1991.4 || style="text-align:center;"|[[Toyota R transmission#R154|R154]] 5-speed M/T || style="text-align:center;"|1520|| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| '''Air suspension'''
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|HCPZZ|| style="text-align:center;"|1986.1-1991.4 || style="text-align:center;"|[[Toyota A transmission#A340E|A340E]] 4-speed A/T|| style="text-align:center;"|1520
|-
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="10"|'''[[Electronic stability control|ESC]] (optional) = +10&nbsp;kg, Sunroof (optional on all models except the aerocabin)= +20&nbsp;kg'''
|}

== {{anchor|Z30}} Third generation (1991-2000) ==
{{Infobox automobile
| image = 1993 Toyota Soarer 2.5 (cropped).jpg
| model_code = Z30
| name = Toyota Soarer
| caption = 1993 Toyota Soarer 2.5 GT Twin Turbo
| aka = [[Lexus SC (Z30)]]
| related = [[Toyota Supra (A80)]]
| production = 1991–2000
| designer = Erwin Lui and Denis Campbell (1988–1989)
| engine = {{unbulleted list
  | 2.5&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota JZ engine#1JZ-GTE|1JZ-GTE]]'' [[Turbocharger|turbo]]/[[twin-turbo]] [[Straight-six engine|I6]] (JZZ30)
  | 3.0&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota JZ engine#2JZ-GE|2JZ-GE]]'' I6 (JZZ31)
  | 4.0&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota UZ engine#1UZ-FE|1UZ-FE]]'' [[V8 engine|V8]] (UZZ30/31/32)
  }}
| transmission = {{unbulleted list
  | 5-speed manual (JZZ30 only)
  | 4-speed [[automatic transmission|automatic]]
  }}
| length = {{convert|4860|-|4890|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|1790|-|1800|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|1330|-|1350|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| body_style = 2-door [[coupé]]
| weight = {{convert|1540|-|1730|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}
| wheelbase = {{convert|2690|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
}}

{{Further2|[[Lexus SC (Z30)]]}}

In 1987, following the design freeze of [[Lexus]] division's flagship UCF10 LS 400 (Celsior) sedan due in 1989, Toyota commissioned its California design studio [[Calty Design Research|Calty]] to develop a new luxury coupe. In mid 1991, the vehicle designed by the studio debuted in the U.S. as the Lexus SC 300/400. 

That same year, Toyota debuted the third-generation Z30 series Soarer in Japan, replacing the Z20 series. The Z30 series Soarer shared the body and key components with the Lexus SC, with different interior features, powertrain configurations, and enhanced performance. The trim packages were the 4.0 GT-Limited, 4.0 GT, 2.5 GT-TwinTurbo-L and the 2.5 GT-TwinTurbo.<ref name="1stthru4thSoarer" />

[[File:Toyota Soarer interior view.jpg|left|thumb|2.5 GT-Twin Turbo interior]]

The new Soarer continued some of the features of earlier models, such as digital dashboard instrumentation and integrated car systems control via the in-dash ''EMV'' touchscreen. It was also one of the first cars in the world to feature a factory GPS [[automotive navigation system]] via CD-ROM overlaid with [[Vehicle Information and Communication System|VICS]] traffic information for Japanese driving conditions. This generation of the Soarer was considered an expensive and extravagant luxury car in Japan. It was longer and wider than a [[Toyota Crown (S140)|Crown]], while comfortably accommodating two passengers, with only modest space available for rear seat passengers. It did not comply with Japanese Government [[Vehicle size class#Japan|dimension regulations]] which made buyers liable for yearly taxes due to its size. The larger engines also obliged Japanese buyers to pay more annual [[Road tax#Japan|road tax]].

One of the distinctive features was the articulating door hinges. When the doors opened, the hinges moved out and forward, allowing entry and exit in confined spaces.

From launch in 1991 until 2000 all models were available with a 4-speed automatic transmission. In addition, the sportier JZZ30 Soarer could be had with a 5-speed manual transmission. All models were available with a [[Torsen]] torque-sensing differential. Unlike their US Lexus equivalents, the Z30-series Soarer lineup never received a 5-speed automatic, and only the six-cylinder versions received variable valve timing (VVTi) engines, in 1996. 

Styling-wise, the Soarer received only minor changes during its 9-year production run, mostly external. External changes were shared with the U.S Lexus models. Changes were:
* Series 1, May 1991 - December 1993: original body and style.
From May 1992 Series 1 received an update with heated seats and exterior temperature display.
* Series 2, January 1994 - August 1996: new front bumper with one-piece lower grille, fog lights replace cornering lights, new tail lights.
* Series 3, August 1996 - December 2000: new front bumper with upper grille, oval fog lights, new tail lights, longer rear bumper, standard side skirts, elevated rear spoiler, body stripe.

Starting in 1997, the Soarer was used as a high speed patrol car in multiple Japanese [[prefectures#Japanese sense of prefecture|prefectures]], using the 2.5GT trim with a 5-speed manual transmission.{{Citation needed|date=February 2010}}

===Z30 series Soarer models===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"
|- style="text-align:center;" 
||'''Model'''
||'''Year'''
||'''Engine'''
||'''Power (kW)'''
||'''Torque (Nm)'''
||'''Turbo'''
||'''Transmissions'''
||'''Notes'''
|-
| JZZ30 || 1991-1996 || [[Toyota JZ engine#1JZ-GTE|1JZ-GTE]] (2.5 L I6) || rowspan="2" | {{cvt|280|PS|kW hp|0}} || {{cvt|363|Nm|lb·ft|0}} || twin parallel || manual ([[Toyota R transmission#R154|R154]]), auto ||
|-
| || 1997–2000 || 1JZ-GTE (2.5 L I6), [[VVT-i]] || {{cvt|378|Nm|lb·ft|0}} || single || manual (R154), auto ||
|-
| JZZ31 || 1994-1996 || [[Toyota JZ engine#2JZ-GE|2JZ-GE]] (3.0 L I6) || {{cvt|225|PS|kW hp|0}} || {{cvt|285|Nm|lb·ft|0}} || none || auto || equivalent to Lexus SC300
|-
| || 1997–2000 || 2JZ-GE (3.0 L I6), VVT-i || {{cvt|230|PS|kW hp|0}} || {{cvt|304|Nm|lb·ft|0}} || none || auto || equivalent to Lexus SC300
|-
| UZZ30 || 1991-1993 || [[Toyota UZ engine#1UZ-FE|1UZ-FE]] (4.0 V8) || {{cvt|260|PS|kW hp|0}} || {{cvt|353|Nm|lb·ft|0}} || none || auto || equivalent to Lexus SC400
|-
| UZZ31 || 1991-1997 || 1UZ-FE (4.0 V8) || rowspan="2" | until 1994: {{cvt|260|PS|kW hp|0}}<br>after 1994: {{cvt|265|PS|kW hp|0}} || rowspan="2" | until 1994: {{cvt|353|Nm|lb·ft|0}}<br>after 1994: {{cvt|363|Nm|lb·ft|0}} || rowspan="2" | none || auto || airbag suspension, "EMV" TV/touchscreen system
|-
| UZZ32 || 1991-1996 || 1UZ-FE (4.0 V8) || auto || active hydraulic suspension, [[four-wheel steering]], "EMV" TV/touchscreen system
|}

==={{anchor|JZZ30}}JZZ30 Soarer===
[[File:Toyota SOARER (UZZ30) rear (cropped).JPG|thumb|JZZ30 Toyota Soarer, third generation (1996-2000)]]

The JZZ30 was the only model sold continuously from the introduction of the 30 series in 1991 until production ceased in 2000. As the sportiest model in the range it was also the only one available with a R154 manual transmission. Like other models in the range there were two different equipment grades available, the base GT-T and the better-equipped GT-TL which added electric seats, wood trim, cruise control and Toyota's ''[[Toyota TEMS|TEMS]]'' electronic damper adjustment to the list of standard features.

[[File:Toyota Soarer 30 011.jpg|thumb|JZZ30 Toyota Soarer]]

The JZZ30 was powered by the 2.5-litre ''[[Toyota JZ engine|1JZ-GTE]]'' turbocharged engine. Initially featuring two identical small turbos running together (unlike the sequential twin turbo systems of the Supra and Mazda RX-7, for example), it was officially rated at {{cvt|208|kW|PS hp|0}} and {{cvt|363|Nm|lb·ft|0}} of torque at 4,800 rpm. This was in keeping with the Japanese Manufacturers' advertised power limit agreement, however real-world power outputs were somewhat higher. In August 1996, the engine received Toyota's variable valve timing system (VVTi) and in conjunction with a single, more efficient turbocharger, produced much better high and mid-range torque and better fuel economy. Official power output remained limited to 280&nbsp;PS, although torque was now {{cvt|378|Nm|lb·ft|0}} at 2,400&nbsp;rpm.

===JZZ31 Soarer===
While the Lexus SC300 was available from the start of the new series' US introduction in 1991, the equivalent Japan-market Soarer model — the JZZ31 — was not introduced until 1994, where it was marketed as the "new base model" Soarer. 1994 also saw the introduction of the new black interior colour scheme which replaced the grey colour scheme used in blue, red, and black external colour cars until the end of 1993. The JZZ31 was the only one of the two JZZ models to feature manually adjustable black leather seats. The black interior scheme became the prominent interior scheme for all Japanese Soarers by the end of production.

The JZZ31 was powered by the 3-litre [[Toyota JZ engine|2JZ-GE]] engine, which initially was rated at {{cvt|225|PS|kW hp|0}} at 5,800 rpm and {{convert|285|Nm|lb·ft|abbr=on}} of torque at 4,800 rpm. Like the JZZ30 the engine also received Toyota's VVTi system in 1997 which increased output to {{cvt|230|PS|kW hp|0}} at 6,000 rpm and {{convert|304|Nm|lb·ft|abbr=on}} at 4,000 rpm while simultaneously improving fuel economy.  

While the increasing cost and slowing sales of the V8 models in the mid-to-late 1990s led to their discontinuation, the six-cylinder JZZ31 and JZZ30 were to remain in production until the Z30 series was replaced by the Z40 series in 2001.

==={{anchor|UZZ30}}UZZ30 Soarer===
The UZZ30 was introduced in Japan as the 'base' model of the V8 powered 30 series lineup. Fitted with the same 4.0-litre quad-cam V8 as the UZZ31/32, it benefited in the performance stakes due to its considerably lighter weight. The UZZ30 used a standard Tokico coilover suspension setup, basic stereo system, manual steering column, and very few electronic aids. While the UZZ31 and UZZ32 models had electrically adjusted heated leather seats with memory, those in the UZZ30 were upholstered in velour and had no heating or memory. The UZZ30 also came without sunroof or rear wiper. As the car was substantially lighter due to the exclusion of all the luxury amenities, it was a considered a driver's car, with good power, handling and braking.{{citation needed|date=May 2014}}

The UZZ30 series Soarer was used as the base vehicle for the Lexus SC400 (model code UZZ30) exported to the United States, although to satisfy U.S. requirements, a comprehensive range of luxury options was offered, including some features of the UZZ31, such as seat memory position, traction control, sunroof, sun visors with courtesy light and electronic steering position adjustment. Local Japanese Soarers had an electronic dashboard which used an integral mirror to display the instruments holographically. This design was never offered on a USA spec model. Those cars came with a standard dash layout of round dials and lit needles similar to the LS400 Lexus sedan. Whereas the left hand drive version of UZZ30 was made throughout the entire 9-year production run, the right hand drive version was made from 1991 until 1993.

==={{anchor|UZZ31}}UZZ31 Soarer "Limited"===
[[File:1992 Toyota Soarer (UZZ31) 4.0GT-L coupe (2015-06-18) 01.jpg|thumb|UZZ31 Toyota Soarer (Australia)]]

The UZZ31 and UZZ32 Soarers were the luxury GT versions of the range, with more features and equipment than the UZZ30 and the 6-cylinder models, and even the U.S market Lexus SC300/400. The ''EMV'' ([[Electro Multi Vision]]) [[touchscreen]] system which was pioneered in the Z10 and Z20 Soarers was again available and provided a screen with television, GPS navigation, diagnostics, car computer, reversing camera and touch control of all functions of the climate control and audio system. The latter was highly sophisticated, with balanced-signal digital signal processing, 12-disc CD stacker and 7 speakers with subwoofer.

All three V8 models were powered by Toyota's acclaimed [[Toyota UZ engine|1UZ-FE]] quad-cam all-alloy 4-litre V8. While rated at marginally less power and torque than the turbocharged JZZ30 counterpart ({{convert|191|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} at 5,400 rpm, {{convert|353|Nm|lb·ft|abbr=on}} at 4,600 rpm) the V8, called the 4.0GT-L was renowned for its smoothness and refinement. Although receiving a minor update in 1995 which improved responsiveness and bumped outputs to {{convert|195|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}}  {{convert|363|Nm|lb·ft|abbr=on}}, production of the V8-equipped Soarers ended before the powerplant received VVTi which substantially increased outputs in the Lexus SC400 and other models. 

The UZZ31 featured a driver-adjustable [[air suspension]] system that had two settings for both ride height and damper stiffness. The high-pressure air was provided by an electric pump mounted at the front of the car. Also featured on the UZZ31 series were a host of electronic features including automatic headlights (shared also with the UZZ30), speed-sensitive wipers, electric-controlled 2-position memory seats with heated feature as an additional factory option, electronically adjustable steering column with memory, optional [[reversing camera]], cabin air purifying system (also shared with the JZZ31 from 1994), touch screen TV with 12-stack CD player, touch screen [[SatNav]], and a full onboard computer diagnostic system which would output to the TV display unit. Like the JZZ30, the UZZ31 came with optional sunroof and rear wiper.

Additionally, the UZZ31 could be "special ordered" from Toyota Japan without the EMV, instead being fitted with the radio/CD unit of the UZZ30 with separate climate control. Additionally, electric velour seats from the UZZ30 and JZZ30 models could be special ordered in place of the standard UZZ31 / UZZ32 leather electric seats.<ref>[http://soarerrestorer.wix.com/soarerrestorers#!faq/c1npp Toyota Soarer FAQ]</ref> These special-order cars would take only a week to produce from the time of the order to completed product. It is not known how many non-EMV UZZ31s were made, although they were offered from the very start of production in 1991. These non-EMV UZZ31 Soarers are uncommon, with only the UZZ32 more rare.

==={{anchor|UZZ32}}UZZ32 Soarer "Limited"===
The UZZ32 was the top-of-the-line 30 series, featuring all of the options available on the UZZ31 with the addition of the computer-controlled [[Toyota Active Control Suspension]] with [[Steering#Four-wheel_steering|four-wheel steering]]. The UZZ32 had no conventional suspension springs or anti-roll (stabiliser) bars, instead utilising self-levelling, fully [[hydropneumatic]] struts controlled by an array of [[sensor]]s (such as axis [[accelerometers]], suspension height, [[wheel speed sensor|wheel speed]] and steering angle) that detected cornering, acceleration and braking forces.

The system worked well and gave an unusually controlled yet smooth ride with no body roll.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MyXiS76Slm0 |title=Toyota Soarer UZZ32  |date=2014-11-02 |website=Youtube |publisher=UZZ32 |access-date=2015-01-18}}</ref> However, the additional {{convert|110|kg|lb|abbr=on|0}} weight of hydraulic componentry and power requirements of the system affected performance and reduced fuel economy compared to the standard UZZ30 and UZZ31 models.

The car was also costly to produce and at over {{currency|7600000|JPY}} in 1995,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.goo-net.com/catalog/TOYOTA/SOARER/1000888/ |title=トヨタ ソアラ（SOARER）４．０ＧＴ－Ｌ アクティブコントロールサスペンション仕様車(1995年5月)カタログ・スペック情報・モデル・グレード比較 (Toyota Soarer 1000888) |trans-title=Toyota Soarer 4.0GT-L active control suspension model (May 1995) catalogue・spec information・model・grade comparison (Toyota Soarer 1000888) |website=Goo-net |location=Japan |language=Japanese |access-date=2023-07-06}}</ref> expensive to buy. As a result, only 873 UZZ32s were made and are typically the most sought-after model in right-hand drive markets such as the Japan, UK, Australia and New Zealand.

===Colours===
Japanese Soarers were available in many colours. Some were offered continuously throughout the run and some as limited runs or one-offs. These colour runs did not always match the equivalent U.S. market offerings on the Lexus SC.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://members.iinet.com.au/~stepho/colour.htm|title = Toyota colour codes}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Colour
! Code
! Remark
|- style="background: #beae9e"
| Pearl white
| 051 (early)<br> 057 (latter)
| 1991-2000
|- style="background: #323232; color:white"
| Black Onyx
| 202
| 1992-2000
|- style="background: #abb3b5"
| Silver
|176 (early)<br> 1A0 (middle)<br> 1C0 (latter)
| 1991-2000
|- style="background: #202924; color:white"
| Royal Jade Pearl (aka Bluish Green Metallic)
| 6M2
| 1991-1996
|- style="background: #2b433e; color:white"
| Classic Green Pearl
| 6P2
| 1996-2000
|- style="background: #A49F82"
| Beige Metallic
| 4K9
| 1991-1993
|- style="background: #D0312B"
| Red Mica
| 3K3
| 1991-1993
|- style="background: #961c1b; color:white"
| Renaissance Red (aka Super Red IV)
| 3L2
| 1994-2000
|- style="background: #012B81; color:white"
| Dark Blue Mica
| 8J5
| 1991-1996
|- style="background: #384294; color:white"
| Blue Mica Metallic
| 8L5
| 1996-2000
|- style="background: #83878A"
| Silver Spruce Metallic (aka Teal)
| 6M3
| 1991-1993
|- style="background: #618894"
| Teal Mist Metallic (aka Teal)
| 6N1
| 1994-1995
|}

From 1991 until 1993, Soarers with external paint codes 8J5 and 202 came with a grey interior colour scheme. Those in 6M2 were available with both grey and "spruce" (blue-grey) interior schemes. Models in 3k3 could have grey or tan interiors. Models with paint codes 4k9, 051 (1991-1998) and 057 (1998-2000) came with tan interiors exclusively. Similarly, those with paint code 176 and 6M3 came with spruce interior colour exclusively.

From 1994, a black interior scheme replaced grey (becoming the predominant interior colour from 1998-2000) and from 1994-2000, cars with external paint code 202 came exclusively with the black interior. Models in 3L2 were available with either black or tan interiors.

In 1995, a limited edition was offered with Baltic Blue Metallic (752) paint that was shared with the 1993-1996 Toyota Supra and the 1994-1999 Toyota Celica. Roughly 199 SC300s were imported into the USA with this exterior paint code and tan only interior, as well as 256 SC400s. 

In 1996, exterior colour 6P2 replaced exterior colour 6M2 and 8L5 replaced 8J5. The spruce interior was discontinued in 1998. Thereafter, models in 1A0 and 1C0 which had come with spruce interiors were changed to black interiors and 6P2 cars became available with black or tan interior schemes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://soarerrestorer.wix.com/soarerrestorers#!colourguide/c1p2b |title=Colour Guide JZZ UZZ Soarer 1991-2000 |website=Soarer Wreckers International |location=Australia |access-date=2014-06-04}}</ref>

== {{anchor|Z40}}Fourth generation (2001-2005) ==
{{Infobox automobile
| image = Toyota Soarer 430SCV in Silver Metallic, front right.jpg
| model_code = Z40
| caption = 
| name = Toyota Soarer
| aka = [[Lexus SC (Z40)]]
| production = 2001–2005 (renamed in 2006 as Lexus SC)
| body_style = 2-door [[Hardtop|retractable hardtop]] [[convertible]]
| designer = [[Sotiris Kovos]]<ref name="Kovos SC430 SmartMoney">{{cite web |url=http://www.smartmoney.com/spend/autos/love-object-10732/ |title=Love Object – The Lexus SC 430: Other drivers gawk, bikers grunt approval, and this reviewer swoons. |access-date=29 April 2020 |work=Smart Money |first=Paul | last = Ingrassia |date=June 2001}}</ref> (1997–1998)
| engine = 4.3 L ''[[Toyota UZ engine#3UZ-FE|3UZ-FE]]'' [[V8 engine|V8]]
| transmission = {{unbulleted list
  | 5-speed [[Automatic transmission|automatic]]
  | 6-speed [[Automatic transmission|automatic]] (renamed model)
  }}
| length = {{convert|4515|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|1825|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|1355|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| wheelbase = {{convert|2620|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| weight = {{convert|1730|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}
}}

[[File:Toyota SOARER 430SCV (UA-UZZ40) rear.jpg|thumb|left|Toyota Soarer (Z40)]]
{{Further2|[[Lexus SC (Z40)|Lexus SC 430]]}}

The 40-series Soarer model was largely identical to its Lexus equivalent, sold outside Japan as the [[Lexus SC|Lexus SC 430]] since 2001. The Z40 series Soarer 430SCV featured a hardtop which could fold into the boot of the car, in the fashion of the contemporary [[Mercedes-Benz SL]]. It was equipped with the 3UZ-FE VVTi (variable valve timing) 4.3-litre V8 engine, as was available in the Lexus LS 430 luxury sedan. It was rated at {{cvt|280|PS|kW hp|0}} and {{cvt|430|Nm|lbft|0}} of torque. This enabled the coupé to accelerate from a standstill to {{convert|100|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} in 6 seconds. The shared body style of the Z40 series Soarer/SC 430 was developed by Toyota designers at design studios in France and Japan. Compared with the Z30 series, some observers generally considered the fourth generation a retreat in visual style due to its more compact and top heavy appearance. 

With the Z40 series Soarer, design and production [[synergy|synergies]] culminated in the development of a single shared design configuration for both the Soarer and Lexus models, unlike the previous generations. The rise of Lexus as Toyota's premium worldwide marque also contributed to the design focus on the Lexus model configuration rather than a separate Toyota-branded series of Soarer coupes. On July 26, 2005, Lexus was introduced in Japan with the 2006 SC 430 TSOOH in its lineup. The debut of Lexus and the SC 430 coincided with the conclusion of Toyota Soarer sales, after 6,486 examples had been sold with Soarer badging.<ref name=DeAg95>{{citation | title = 週刊 日本の名車 | trans-title = Famous Japanese Cars Weekly | publisher = K.K. DeAgostini Japan | location = Tokyo | editor-first = Kazuyo | editor-last = Ogawara | ref=DeAg75 | volume = 95 | page = 17 | date = 2015-09-17 }}</ref>

{{clear}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Toyota Soarer}}
* [http://ateupwithmotor.com/model-histories/toyota-soarer-z10-z20-z30/view-all/ Toyota Soarer history at ateupwithmotor.com]
* [https://archive.today/20121230160639/http://autospeed.drive.com.au/cms/A_2750/article.html The Toyota JZ Engine Guide]
* [http://soarerrestorer.wix.com/soarerrestorers#!faq/c1npp 1991-2000 Toyota Soarer FAQ]
* [http://soarerrestorer.wix.com/soarerrestorers#!colourguide/c1p2b 1991-2000 Toyota Soarer Colour Guide]

{{Toyota cars}}
{{Toyota road cars timeline, 1985-date}}

[[Category:1990s cars]]
[[Category:2000s cars]]
[[Category:2+2 coupés]]
[[Category:Cars introduced in 1981]]
[[Category:Grand tourers]]
[[Category:Hardtop convertibles]]
[[Category:Rear-wheel-drive vehicles]]
[[Category:Toyota vehicles|Soarer]]
[[Category:Vehicles with four-wheel steering]]
[[Category:Cars discontinued in 2005]]