View source for Toyota

{{Short description|Japanese automotive manufacturer}}
{{About|the Japanese car manufacturer|other uses|Toyota (disambiguation)}}
{{primary|date=December 2023}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Toyota Motor Corporation
| native_name = トヨタ自動車株式会社
| native_name_lang = ja
| romanized_name = Toyota Jidōsha kabushikigaisha
| logo = [[File:Toyota.svg|upright=1|frameless|class=skin-invert|alt=The Toyota logo with 3 overlapping ovals and the Toyota wordmark]]<!-- Please discuss on talk page before changing logo image -->
| logo_caption = Logo used since October 1989{{efn|The logo's wordmark has been in use since October 1977.}}
| logo_alt = The Toyota logo with 3 overlapping ovals and the Toyota wordmark
| image = Headquarter_of_Toyota_Motor_Corporation_3.JPG
| image_caption = Headquarters in [[Toyota City]], Japan
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{unbulleted list
  | {{TYO|7203}}
  | {{NAG|7203}}
  | {{NYSE|TM}}
  | {{LSE|TYT}}
  | [[Nikkei 225]] component (TYO)
  | [[TOPIX]] Core30 component (TYO)
  }}
| ISIN = {{ISIN|sl=n|pl=y|JP3633400001}}
| founder = [[Kiichiro Toyoda]]
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = {{unbulleted list
  | [[Akio Toyoda]] ([[chairman]])
  | Shigeru Hayakawa (vice chairman)
  | [[Koji Sato (engineer)|Koji Sato]] ([[President (corporate title)|president]] & [[Chief Executive Officer|CEO]])
  | Simon Humphries (Chief Designer)
  }}
| industry = [[Automotive industry|Automotive]]
| products = [[Car|Automobiles]]
| production = {{unbulleted list
  | {{decrease}} 8,694,032 (FY23)
  }}
| services = [[Banking]], [[financing]], [[leasing]]
| revenue = {{increase}} {{JPYConvert|45095325|m}} (2024)
| operating_income = {{increase}} {{JPYConvert|5352935|m}} (2024)
| net_income = {{increase}} {{JPYConvert|4944933|m}} (2024)
| aum = <!-- Only used with financial services companies -->
| assets = {{increase}} {{JPYConvert|90114296|m}} (2024)
| equity = {{increase}} {{JPYConvert|35239338|m}} (2024)
| owner = [[Toyota Group]] through [[cross ownership]]:
* [[Toyota Industries]] cross-owns 8.28%
* [[Subaru Corporation]] cross-owns 3.17%
* [[Denso]] cross-owns 3.12%
* [[Mazda]] cross-owns 0.25%
* [[Suzuki]] cross-owns 0.2%
| num_employees = {{increase}} 375,235 (FY23)
| divisions = {{unbulleted list
  | [[Century (marque)|Century]]
  | [[Lexus]]
  | [[Scion (automobile)|Scion]] (defunct)<!-- Scion still gets listed as a division in a historical context -->
  }}
| subsid = {{Unbulleted list
  | [[Daihatsu]]
  | [[Denso]] (25%)
  | [[FAW Toyota]] (China, 50%)
  | [[GAC Toyota]] (China, 50%)
  | [[Hino Motors]]
  | [[Subaru Corporation]] (20%)
  | [[Toyota Argentina]]
  | [[Toyota Australia]]
  | [[Toyota Auto Body]]
  | [[Toyota Financial Services]]
  | [[Toyota Kirloskar Motors]]
  | [[Toyota Motor China]]
  | [[Toyota Motor Europe]]
  | [[Toyota Motor East Japan]]
  | [[Toyota Motor Korea]]
  | [[Toyota Motor Kyushu]]
  | [[Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indonesia]] (95%)
  | [[Toyota Motor North America]]
  | [[Toyota Indus]], (Pakistan, 31.8%)
  | [[Toyota Motor Philippines]]
  | [[Toyota Motor Thailand]] (86%)
  | [[Toyota South Africa Motors]]
  | [[Woven by Toyota]]
  | [[Primearth EV Energy]] (80.5%)
  | [[Prime Planet Energy & Solutions]] (51%)
  }}
| homepage = {{URL|https://global.toyota}}
| foundation = {{start date and age|1937|08|28}}
| hq_location = 1 Toyota-chō
| location_city = [[Toyota, Aichi|Toyota City, Aichi]]
| location_country = Japan
| parent =
}}

{{Nihongo|'''Toyota Motor Corporation'''|トヨタ自動車株式会社|Toyota Jidōsha kabushikigaisha|{{IPA|ja|toꜜjota|IPA}}, {{IPAc-en|lang|t|ɔɪ|ˈ|j|oʊ|t|ə}}, commonly known as simply '''Toyota'''|lead=yes}} is a Japanese [[Multinational corporation|multinational]] [[Automotive industry|automotive]] manufacturer headquartered in [[Toyota City, Aichi]], Japan. It was founded by [[Kiichiro Toyoda]] and incorporated on August 28, 1937. Toyota is the [[List of manufacturers by motor vehicle production|largest automobile manufacturer]] in the world, producing about 10 million vehicles per year.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-15 |title=Toyota aims to produce about 10.3 mln vehicles globally in 2024 - Nikkei |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/toyota-aims-produce-about-103-mln-vehicles-globally-2024-nikkei-2024-01-15/ |access-date=2025-06-19 |work=Reuters |language=en}}</ref>

The company was founded as a spinoff of [[Toyota Industries]], a machine maker started by [[Sakichi Toyoda]], Kiichiro's father. Both companies are now part of the [[Toyota Group]], one of the largest conglomerates in the world. While still a department of Toyota Industries, the company developed its first product, the [[Toyota Type A engine|Type A engine]], in 1934 and its first passenger car in 1936, the [[Toyota AA]].

In the 1960s, Toyota took advantage of the [[Japanese economic miracle|rapidly growing Japanese economy]] to sell cars to a growing middle-class, leading to the development of the [[Toyota Corolla]], which became the world's [[List of best-selling automobiles|all-time best-selling automobile]]. The booming economy also funded an international expansion that allowed Toyota to grow into one of the largest automakers in the world, the [[List of largest Japanese companies|largest company in Japan]] and the [[List of largest companies by revenue|ninth-largest company in the world by revenue]], {{as of|lc=y|2020|12}}. Toyota was the world's first automobile manufacturer to produce more than 10 million vehicles per year, a record set in 2012, when it also reported the production of its 200 millionth vehicle. By September 2023, total production reached 300 million vehicles.<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://global.toyota/en/newsroom/corporate/39996185.html |title=Toyota Reaches Global Production of 300 Million Cars |publisher=Toyota |date=2023-11-06 |access-date=2023-11-11}}</ref>

Toyota was praised for being a leader in the development and sales of more fuel-efficient [[Toyota hybrid vehicles|hybrid electric vehicles]], starting with the introduction of the [[Toyota Prius (XW10)|original Toyota Prius]] in 1997. The company now sells more than 40 [[hybrid vehicle]] models around the world. More recently, the company has also been criticized for being slow to adopt [[Electric vehicle|all-electric vehicles]], instead focusing on the development of [[Fuel cell vehicle|hydrogen fuel cell vehicles]], like the [[Toyota Mirai]], a technology that is much costlier and has fallen far behind electric batteries in terms of adoption.

{{As of|2025}}, the Toyota Motor Corporation produces vehicles under five brands: [[Century (marque)|Century]], [[Daihatsu]], [[Hino Motors|Hino]], [[Lexus]] <!-- Do not add defunct Scion -->and the namesake Toyota. The company also holds a 20% stake in [[Subaru Corporation]], a 5.1% stake in [[Mazda]], a 4.9% stake in [[Suzuki]], a 4.6% stake in [[Isuzu]], a 3.8% stake in [[Yamaha Motor Corporation]], and a 2.8% stake in [[Panasonic]], as well as stakes in vehicle manufacturing joint-ventures in China ([[FAW Toyota]] and [[GAC Toyota]]), the Czech Republic ([[Toyota Peugeot Citroën Automobile Czech|TPCA]]), India ([[Toyota Kirloskar Motor|Toyota Kirloskar]]) and the United States ([[Mazda Toyota Manufacturing USA|MTMUS]]).

Toyota is listed on the [[London Stock Exchange]], [[Nagoya Stock Exchange]], [[New York Stock Exchange]] and on the [[Tokyo Stock Exchange]], where its stock is a component of the [[Nikkei 225]] and [[TOPIX]] Core30 indices.

==History==
{{Main|History of Toyota}}

===1920s–1930s===
{{primary|section|date=December 2023}}
[[File:Toyota Loom Mass Production Bertel Schmitt.jpg|thumb|The mass-produced Toyoda automated loom, displayed at Toyota Museum in Aichi-gun, Japan]]

In 1924, [[Sakichi Toyoda]] invented the Toyoda Model G Automatic [[loom]]. The principle of ''[[jidoka]]'', which means the machine stops itself when a problem occurs, became later a part of the [[Toyota Production System]]. Looms were built on a small [[production line]]. In 1929, the patent for the automatic loom was sold to the British company [[Platt Brothers]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=The Story of Sakichi Toyoda |url=https://www.toyota-industries.com/company/history/toyoda_sakichi/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923003201/https://www.toyota-industries.com/company/history/toyoda_sakichi/index.html |archive-date=September 23, 2017 |access-date=September 22, 2017 |publisher=Toyota Industries Corporation}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= Barrow|first= Colin|author-link= |date= August 3, 2011|title=The 30 Day MBA in Marketing: Your Fast Track Guide to Business Success |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t2qmrGFRqHsC |location= |publisher= [[Kogan Page]]|page=71 |isbn=978-0-7494-6218-5}}</ref> generating the starting capital for automobile development.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History Of Toyota |url=http://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812013404/http://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/ |archive-date=August 12, 2011 |access-date=August 15, 2011 |publisher=Toyota}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= Morck|first= Randall K.|author-link=Randall Morck |date= November 2007|title=A History of Corporate Governance Around the World: Family Business Groups to Professional Managers |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X6knIE-47BAC |location= |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |page=400 |isbn=9780226536835}}</ref>

Under the direction of the founder's son, [[Kiichiro Toyoda]],<ref name="Toyota_chron_3140">{{cite web |url=http://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/data/overall_chronological_table/1931.html |title=Chronological Table 1931–1940 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2012 |website=Toyota Motor Corporation |publisher= |access-date=January 7, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Toyota Company History from 1867 to 1939 |url=http://www.toyota.co.jp/en/history/1867.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510085717/http://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota |archive-date=May 10, 2013 |access-date=September 11, 2010 |publisher=Toyota}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last= Andres|first= Anton|date= November 7, 2023|title=300 million made: How Toyota took the world by storm |url=https://www.topgear.com.ph/features/feature-articles/toyota-300-million-cars-a5100-20231107-lfrm |magazine= [[Top Gear Philippines]]|location= |publisher= [[Summit Media]]|access-date=December 28, 2023}}</ref> [[Toyota Industries|Toyoda Automatic Loom Works]] established an Automobile Division on September 1, 1933, and formally declared its intention to begin manufacturing automobiles on January 29, 1934.<ref name="Toyota_chron_3140"/><ref>{{cite book |last= El-Sayed|first= Mohamed|author-link= |date=April 2017 |title= Fundamentals of Integrated Vehicle Realization|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WOObEAAAQBAJ |location= |publisher= [[SAE International]]|page= 13|isbn=9780768080360}}</ref> A prototype [[Toyota Type A engine]] was completed on September 25, 1934, with the company's first prototype sedan, the [[Toyota A1|A1]], completed the following May. As Kiichiro had limited experience with automobile production, he initially focused on truck production; the company's first truck, the [[Toyota G1|G1]], was completed on August 25, 1935, and debuted on November 21 in Tokyo, becoming the company's first production model.<ref name="Toyota_chron_3140"/><ref name="G1_GA">{{cite web |url=https://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/vehicle_lineage/car/id60014788/index.html |title=Toyota Model GA Truck |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2012 |website=Toyota Motor Corporation |publisher= |access-date=January 7, 2022}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=December 2023}} Modeled on a period Ford truck, the G1 sold for ¥2,900, ¥200 cheaper than the Ford truck. A total of 379 G1 trucks were ultimately produced.<ref name="G1_GA"/><ref>{{cite magazine |last= Sanchez|first= Edward A.|date=March 7, 2013 |title=Toyota Shows 75-Year Family Tree With Interactive Timeline: From a Pre-War Pickup to Today's Tundra |url= https://www.motortrend.com/news/163-news130307-toyota-interactive-timeline/|magazine=[[Motor Trend]] |location= |publisher=[[Motor Trend Group]] |access-date=December 28, 2023}}</ref>

In April 1936, Toyoda's first passenger car, the [[Toyota AA|Model AA]], was completed. The sales price was ¥3,350, ¥400 cheaper than [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] or [[General Motors|GM]] cars.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Information from a sign at the Toyota Museum in Nagakute-cho, Aichi-gun, Aichi Pref |url=http://www.toyota.co.jp/Museum/data_e/a03_08_1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120220844/http://www.toyota.co.jp/Museum/data_e/a03_08_1.html |archive-date=November 20, 2012 |access-date=December 7, 2012 |publisher=Toyota}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=raustin |date=2012-12-18 |title=Double-A Discovery: How Toyota found first production model |url=https://www.oldcarsweekly.com/news/double-a-discovery-how-toyota-found-first-production-model |access-date=2025-10-10 |website=Old Cars Weekly |language=en}}</ref> The company's plant at Kariya was completed in May. In July, the company filled its first export order, with four G1 trucks exported to northeastern China.<ref name="Toyota_chron_3140"/>{{primary source inline|date=December 2023}} On September 19, 1936, the Japanese imperial government officially designated Toyota Automatic Loom Works as an automotive manufacturer.<ref name="Toyota_chron_3140"/>{{primary source inline|date=December 2023}}

[[File:1936 Toyoda Model AA 03.jpg|thumb|The 1936 Toyota AA, the first vehicle produced by the company while it was still a department of Toyota Industries]]

Vehicles were originally sold under the name "Toyoda" (トヨダ), from the family name of the company's founder, [[Kiichiro Toyoda|Kiichirō Toyoda]]. In September 1936, the company ran a public competition to design a new logo. Of 27,000 entries, the winning entry was the three Japanese ''[[katakana]]'' letters for "Toyoda" in a circle. However, [[Rizaburo Toyoda]], who had [[mukoyōshi|married into the family]] and was not born with that name, preferred "Toyota" ({{nihongo2|トヨタ}}) because it took eight brush strokes (a lucky number) to write in Japanese, was visually simpler (leaving off the [[Dakuten|diacritic]] at the end), and with a [[voiceless|voiceless consonant]] instead of a [[voice (phonetics)|voiced]] one (voiced consonants are considered to have a "murky" or "muddy" sound compared to voiceless consonants, which are "clear").

Since ''toyoda'' literally means "fertile rice paddies", changing the name also prevented the company from being associated with old-fashioned farming. The newly formed word was trademarked and the company began trading on August 28, 1937, as the Toyota Motor Company Ltd.<ref name="Toyota_chron_3140"/><ref name="Davis">{{Cite book |last=Davis |first=Pedr |title=The Long Run – Toyota: The first 40 years in Australia |publisher=Type Forty Pty Ltd |year=1999 |isbn=0-947079-99-8 |location=South Hurstville |page=24}}</ref><ref name="fiftyyears64">{{Cite book |title=Toyota: A history of the First 50 Years |publisher=Toyota |year=1988 |isbn=0-517-61777-3 |page=64}}</ref>{{sfn|Dawson|2004}} Kiichiro's brother-in-law [[Rizaburo Toyoda]] was appointed the firm's first president, with Kiichiro as vice-president. Toyota Automatic Loom Works formally transferred automobile manufacturing to the new entity on September 29.<ref name="Toyota_chron_3140"/>{{primary source inline|date=December 2023}}

The Japanese government supported the company by preventing foreign competitors [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] and [[General Motors]] from importing automobiles into Japan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chang |first=Ha-Joon |title=Bad Samaritans: The Myth of Free Trade and the Secret History of Capitalism |publisher=Random House |year=2008 |location=New York |page=20}}</ref>

At the onset of [[World War II]], Toyota almost exclusively produced standard-sized trucks for the Japanese Army, which paid one-fifth of the price in advance and the remainder in cash upon delivery.<ref name=daito>{{cite journal|author-last=Daito|author-first=Eisuke|title=Automation and the Organization of Production in the Japanese Automobile Industry: Nissan and Toyota in the 1950s|journal=Enterprise & Society|year=2000 |issue=1|volume=1|page=143|jstor=23699656 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23699656|quote=Moreover, during the war, Toyota manufactured standard-sized trucked almost exclusively for the army, which paid one-fifth of the price in advance and the balance in cash on delivery.}}</ref><ref name=EB>{{cite encyclopaedia|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Britannica|title=Toyota Motor Corporation|date=June 14, 2023 |quote="During World War II the company suspended production of passenger cars and concentrated on trucks"|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Toyota-Motor-Corporation}}</ref>

===1940s===
{{primary|section|date=December 2023}}

Japan was heavily damaged in [[World War II]] and Toyota's plants, which were used for the war effort, were not spared. On August 14, 1945, one day before the [[surrender of Japan]], Toyota's Koromo Plant was bombed by the [[Allies of World War II|Allied forces]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Part 1, Chapter 2, Section 6, Item 1: Resumption of factory production |url=https://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/text/taking_on_the_automotive_business/chapter2/section6/item1.html |access-date=July 29, 2021 |website=75 Years of Toyota}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Reingold |first=Ed |date=August 23–30, 1999 |title=People around the world drive Toyotas--and produce them too. A textile-factory boy is the industrial wizard who made it happen |url=http://www.cnn.com/ASIANOW/time/asia/magazine/1999/990823/toyoda1.html |magazine= [[Time Asia]]|volume=154 |issue= 7/8|location= |publisher=[[CNN]] |access-date=December 15, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date= February 9, 2010|title=Toyota's long, bumpy road to success |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/business/toyotas-long-bumpy-road-to-success |work= [[Khaleej Times]]|location=[[Toyota City]] |access-date=December 15, 2023}}</ref> After the surrender, the [[Occupation of Japan|U.S.-led occupying forces]] banned passenger car production in Japan. However, automakers like Toyota were allowed to begin building trucks for civilian use, in an effort to rebuild the nation's infrastructure.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Part 1, Chapter 2, Section 6, Item 3: Converting to Meet Civilian Demand and Dealing with Post-war Reforms |url=https://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/text/taking_on_the_automotive_business/chapter2/section6/item3.html |access-date=July 29, 2021 |website=75 Years of Toyota}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=December 2023}} The U.S. military also contracted with Toyota to repair its vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Part 1, Chapter 2, Section 6, Item 5: U.S. Army Vehicle Repair Operations and Compact Car Development |url=https://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/text/taking_on_the_automotive_business/chapter2/section6/item5.html |access-date=July 29, 2021 |website=75 Years of Toyota}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=December 2023}}

By 1947, there was an emerging global [[Cold War]] between the Soviet Union and the U.S., who had been allies in World War II. U.S. priorities shifted (the "[[Reverse Course]]") from punishing and reforming Japan to ensuring internal political stability, rebuilding the economy, and, to an extent, remilitarizing Japan. Under these new policies, in 1949, Japanese automakers were allowed to resume passenger car production, but at the same time, a new economic stabilization program to control inflation plunged the automotive industry into a serious shortage of funds, while many truck owners defaulted on their loans.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Part 1, Chapter 2 Section 6, Item 6: Dodge Line Recession and liberalization of vehicle production and sales |url=https://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/text/taking_on_the_automotive_business/chapter2/section6/item6.html |access-date=July 29, 2021 |website=75 Years of Toyota}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=December 2023}} Ultimately, the [[Bank of Japan]], the [[central bank]] of the country, [[bailout|bailed out]] the company, with demands that the company institute reforms.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Part 1, Chapter 2, Section 6, Item 6a: Emerging business management crisis |url=https://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/text/taking_on_the_automotive_business/chapter2/section6/item6_a.html |access-date=July 29, 2021 |website=75 Years of Toyota}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=December 2023}}

=== 1950s ===
{{primary|section|date=December 2023}}

As the 1950s began, Toyota emerged from its financial crisis a smaller company, closing factories and laying off workers. Meanwhile, the [[Korean War]] broke out, and being located so close to the battlefront, the U.S. Army placed an order for 1,000 trucks from Toyota.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Daito |first=Eisuke |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/23699656 |title=Automation and the Organization of Production in the Japanese Automobile Industry: Nissan and Toyota in the 1950s |journal=Enterprise & Society |location=UK |volume=1 |number=1 |year=2000 |pages=139–78 |doi=10.1093/es/1.1.139 |jstor=23699656 |access-date=15 December 2023 | issn = 1467-2227 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> The order helped to rapidly improve the struggling company's business performance.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Part 1, Chapter 2, Section 7, Item 2: Special Demand Caused by Korean War |url=https://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/text/taking_on_the_automotive_business/chapter2/section7/item2.html |access-date=July 29, 2021 |website=75 Years of Toyota}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=December 2023}} In 1950, company executives, including Kiichiro's cousin [[Eiji Toyoda]], took a trip to the United States where they trained at the [[Ford Motor Company]] and observed the operations of dozens of U.S. manufacturers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Part 1, Chapter 2, Section 7, Item 1: Training at the Ford Motor Company and Observation of American Machinery Manufacturers |url=https://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/text/taking_on_the_automotive_business/chapter2/section7/item1.html |access-date=July 29, 2021 |website=75 Years of Toyota}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=December 2023}} The knowledge they gained during the trip, along with what the company learned making looms, gave rise to [[The Toyota Way]] (a management philosophy) and the [[Toyota Production System]] (a [[lean manufacturing]] practice) that transformed the company into a leader in the manufacturing industry.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/bw/stories/2003-11-16/can-anything-stop-toyota |title=Can Anything Stop Toyota?: An inside look at how it's reinventing the auto industry |first1=Brian |last1=Bremner |first2=Chester |last2=Dawson |work=Business Week |location=US |date=November 17, 2003 |access-date=2023-12-10}}</ref>

[[File:1955 Toyopet Crown 03.jpg|thumb|Toyopet Crown, the first vehicle fully designed and built by Toyota]]

Toyota started developing its first full-fledged passenger car, the [[Toyota Crown|Toyopet Crown]], in 1952.<ref>{{cite magazine|last= Sen|first= Gautam|date= November 27, 2023|title= Toyota Corona: The Car That Became the Vanguard of Japan Inc.|url= https://magazine.derivaz-ives.com/toyota-corona-the-car-that-became-the-vanguard-of-japan-inc/|magazine= Derivaz & Ives|location= [[India]]|publisher= |access-date= December 15, 2023|archive-date= December 15, 2023|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231215053653/https://magazine.derivaz-ives.com/toyota-corona-the-car-that-became-the-vanguard-of-japan-inc/|url-status= dead}}</ref> Prior to the Crown, Toyota had been outsourcing the design and manufacturing of auto bodies, which were then mounted on truck frames made by Toyota.<ref name="Toyopet Crown Development">{{Cite web |title=Part 1, Chapter 2, Section 8, Item 3: Development of the model RS Toyopet Crown |url=https://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/text/taking_on_the_automotive_business/chapter2/section8/item3_b.html |access-date=July 29, 2021 |website=75 Years of Toyota}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=December 2023}} The project was a major test for Toyota, who would need to build bodies and develop a new chassis that would be comfortable, but still stand up to the muddy, slow, unpaved roads common in Japan at the time.<ref name="Toyopet Crown Development" />{{primary source inline|date=December 2023}} The project had been championed for many years by founder Kiichiro Toyoda, who died suddenly on March 27, 1952. The first prototypes were completed in June 1953 and began extensive testing, before the Crown went on sale in August 1955.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Part 1, Chapter 2, Section 8, Item 3: Development of the model RR Toyopet Master |url=https://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/text/taking_on_the_automotive_business/chapter2/section8/item3_c.html |access-date=July 29, 2021 |website=75 Years of Toyota}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=December 2023}} The car was met with positive reviews from around the world.

After the introduction of the Crown, Toyota began aggressively expanding into the export market; the company entered [[Saudi Arabia]] for the first time in 1955 with Land Cruisers, following an agreement reached with Abdul Latif Jameel (founder of his [[Abdul Latif Jameel|company of the same name]]);<ref>{{cite news |last= Chahrour|first=Carla |date= 22 October 2020|title= The arrival of Toyota in Saudi Arabia|url= https://www.arabnews.jp/en/business/article_29519/|work=[[Arab News Japan]] |location= |access-date=13 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last= Lawrence|first=Miles |date=2 September 2016 |title=Abdul Latif Jameel: A Saudi-Japanese success story |url= https://english.alarabiya.net/business/aviation-and-transport/2016/09/02/Abdul-Latif-Jameel-A-Saudi-Japanese-success-story|work=[[Al Arabiya News]] |location= |access-date=13 December 2023}}</ref> Toyota also brought Land Cruisers into neighboring [[Yemen]] in 1956.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bazaraa |first=Aidrous |date= 22 November 2007|title=We are preparing for the post- joining WTO era in more than one way |url= https://yementimes.com/aidrous-bazaraa-we-are-preparing-for-the-post-joining-wto-era-in-more-than-one-way-archives2007-1105-business-economy/|work=The [[Yemen Times]] Archives |location= |access-date=13 December 2023}}</ref> In 1958, Toyota established a production facility in Brazil, the company's first outside of Japan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Part 1, Chapter 2, Section 9, Item 3a: Toyota's first production outside Japan at Toyota do Brasil |url=https://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/text/taking_on_the_automotive_business/chapter2/section9/item3_a.html |access-date=July 29, 2021 |website=75 Years of Toyota}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Koh |first=Yoree |date= August 26, 2013|title= Toyota Scrambles to Catch Up in Brazil|url= https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887324906304579036581891609224 |work= [[The Wall Street Journal]]|location= [[Tokyo]]|access-date=December 15, 2023}}</ref>

Toyota entered the United States market in 1958, attempting to sell the Toyopet Crown.<ref name="brooks">{{cite magazine |last= Brooks|first= Stephen|date=January 29, 2016|title= 2JZ-Powered 1970 Toyota Crown: A Brief History of the Toyota Crown in America |url= https://www.motortrend.com/features/1601-2jz-powered-1970-toyota-crown/ |magazine= [[Motor Trend]]|location= |publisher=[[Motor Trend Group]] |access-date=December 15, 2023}}</ref> The company faced problems almost immediately.  The company had to confront for the first time how its name sounded to native speakers of the English language; namely, "Toyota" has the English word "[[toy]]" in its first syllable. [[Toyota Motor Sales, USA]]'s first sales administrator James F. McGraw bluntly told his new Japanese supervisors after joining the company in 1959: "'Toy' sounds like a toy and toys break".<ref name="James_Page_44">{{cite book |last1=James |first1=Wanda |title=Driving from Japan: Japanese Cars in America |date=2005 |publisher=McFarland & Company |location=Jefferson, North Carolina |isbn=9781476612805 |page=44 |edition=2007 reprint |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ixBeCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA44}}</ref>  The Crown was a flop in the U.S. market, with buyers finding it overpriced and underpowered (because it was designed for endurance on the bad roads of Japan, not high-speed performance on the [[Good Roads Movement|good roads]] of America).<ref name="brooks" />  In response, exports of the Crown to the United States were suspended in the early 1960s in favor of the Land Cruiser and the [[Toyota Tiara|Tiara]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Part 1, Chapter 2, Section 9, Item 5: Passenger car exports suspended |url=https://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/text/taking_on_the_automotive_business/chapter2/section9/item5_a.html |access-date=June 29, 2021 |website=75 Years of Toyota}}</ref><ref name="brooks" />

After Kiichiro's death, his cousin [[Eiji Toyoda]] led the company for the two decades. Eiji helped establish the company's first plant independent from the Loom Works plant.{{sfn|Dawson|2004}}

===1960s–1970s===
{{primary|section|date=December 2023}}
[[File:Toyota 2000GT 1968 (4120827306).jpg|thumb|[[Toyota 2000GT]] (1967–1969)]]

At the start of the 1960s, the Japanese economy was booming, a period that came to be known as the [[Japanese economic miracle]]. As the economy grew, so did the income of everyday people, who now could afford to purchase a vehicle. At the same time, the Japanese government heavily invested in improving road infrastructure.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Part 2, Chapter 1, Section 2, Item 1: The High Rate of Economic Growth and Motorization |url=https://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/text/entering_the_automotive_business/chapter1/section2/item1.html |access-date=July 29, 2021 |website=75 Years of Toyota}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=December 2023}} To take advantage of the moment, Toyota and other automakers started offering affordable economy cars like the [[Toyota Corolla]], which became [[List of best-selling automobiles|the world's all-time best-selling automobile]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of the Corolla |url=http://www.toyota.com/vehicles/2006/corolla/key_features/history.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060620034142/http://www.toyota.com/vehicles/2006/corolla/key_features/history.html |archive-date=June 20, 2006 |access-date=March 20, 2013 |publisher=Toyota |location=USA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Part 2, Chapter 1, Section 3, Item 1: Corolla |url=https://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/text/entering_the_automotive_business/chapter1/section3/item1.html |access-date=July 29, 2021 |website=75 Years of Toyota}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=December 2023}}

Toyota also found success in the United States in 1965 with the [[Toyota Corona]] compact car, which was redesigned specifically for the American market with a more powerful engine. The Corona helped increase U.S. sales of Toyota vehicles to more than 20,000 units in 1966 (a threefold increase) and helped the company become the third-best-selling import brand in the United States by 1967. Toyota's first manufacturing investment in the United States came in 1972 when the company struck a deal with Atlas Fabricators, to produce truck beds in Long Beach, in an effort to avoid the 25% "[[chicken tax]]" on imported light trucks. By importing the truck as an incomplete [[chassis cab]] (the truck without a bed), the vehicle only faced a 4% tariff.<ref name="ending chicken2">{{Cite web |last=Ikenson |first=Daniel |date=June 18, 2003 |title=Ending the 'Chicken War': The Case for Abolishing the 25 Percent Truck Tariff |url=http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=6806 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110921113753/http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=6806 |archive-date=September 21, 2011 |access-date=November 29, 2011 |website=The Cato Institute}}</ref> Once in the United States, Atlas would build the truck beds and attach them to the trucks. The partnership was successful and two years later, Toyota purchased Atlas.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Toyota's TABC Plant Celebrates 40 Years of Manufacturing in California |date=August 21, 2012 |url=https://pressroom.toyota.com/toyota-tabc-plant-celebrates-40-years-manufacturing-california/ |access-date=June 2, 2021 |website=[[Toyota Motor North America]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gardnerweb.com/articles/toyota-manufacturing-in-america-40-years-on |title=Toyota Manufacturing in America 40 Years On |last=Vasilash |first=Gary S. |date=August 23, 2012 |website=gardnerweb.com |publisher=Gardner Business Media |access-date=December 15, 2023 |quote=}}</ref>

In Southeast Asia, Toyota made efforts to establish domestic production in the Philippines and Indonesia in early 1970s. In the Philippines, it partnered with local company [[Delta Motors Corporation]]. Toyota assisted Delta Motors with capital procurement and technology transfers. In 1973, Delta Motors commenced operations at a new plant, beginning local production of engine blocks for the Toyota Corona [[Toyota R engine#12R|12R]] engine and other parts. In Indonesia, Toyota established [[Toyota Astra Motor]] as a joint venture with local partner [[Astra International]] in 1971, and conducted significant retooling at the PT Gaya Motor assembly plant. The plant began assembling various models, including the Toyota Corona, Toyota Land Cruiser, large trucks, and the Toyota Corolla, with production surpassing 10,000 vehicles by 1973. For both countries, Toyota developed a [[basic utility vehicle]] (BUV) with the local partners to meet local needs and support technology transfers, in response to domestic production policies in Asia. The first prototype of the BUV was completed in January 1975. The BUV was launched as the Toyota Tamaraw in the Philippines in December 1976, and as the [[Toyota Kijang]] in June 1977. The vehicle was well received in both countries.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Item 6. Reinforcement of Local Assembly Systems |url=https://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/text/entering_the_automotive_business/chapter2/section5/item6.html |access-date=2024-07-28 |website=Toyota Global}}</ref><ref name="Toy752">{{cite web |title=Overall Chronological Table: 1971-1980 |url=http://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/data/overall_chronological_table/1971.html |access-date=2014-01-18 |work=75 Years of Toyota |publisher=Toyota Motor Corporation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Toyota Introduces BUV in the Philippines |url=https://global.toyota/en/detail/7595172 |access-date=2021-07-24 |website=Toyota Motor Corporation Official Global Website}}</ref>

The [[1970s energy crisis|energy crisis of the 1970s]] was a major turning point in the American auto industry. Before the crisis, large and heavy vehicles with powerful but inefficient engines were common. But in the years after, consumers started demanding high-quality and fuel-efficient small cars. Domestic automakers, in the midst of their [[malaise era]], struggled to build these cars profitably, but foreign automakers like Toyota were well positioned. This, along with growing [[Anti-Japanese sentiment in the United States|anti-Japanese sentiment]], prompted the U.S. Congress to consider import restrictions to protect the domestic auto industry.

The 1960s also saw the slight opening of the Japanese auto market to foreign companies. In an effort to strengthen Japan's auto industry ahead of the market opening, Toyota purchased stakes in other Japanese automakers. That included a stake in [[Hino Motors]], a manufacturer of large commercial trucks, buses and diesel engines, along with a 16.8 percent stake in [[Daihatsu]], a manufacturer of [[kei car]]s, the smallest highway-legal passenger vehicles sold in Japan.<ref name="NYT1995">{{Cite news |last=Pollack |first=Andrew |date=September 21, 1995 |title=Toyota Doubles Its Holdings in Daihatsu Motor of Japan |work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/09/21/business/international-business-toyota-doubles-its-holdings-in-daihatsu-motor-of-japan.html |access-date=December 27, 2016}}</ref> That began what became a long-standing partnership between Toyota and the two companies.

===1980s===
[[File:1987 Toyota Corolla (AE82) CS sedan (2015-11-11) 01.jpg|thumb|By the 1980s, the [[Toyota Corolla]] was one of the most popular cars in the world and became [[List of best-selling automobiles|the world's all-time best-selling automobile]].]]

After the successes of the 1970s, and the threats of import restrictions, Toyota started making additional investments in the North American market in the 1980s. In 1981, Japan agreed to [[Voluntary export restraint#1980 Automobile VER|voluntary export restraints]], which limited the number of vehicles the nation would send to the United States each year, leading Toyota to establish assembly plants in North America. The U.S. government also closed the loophole that allowed Toyota to pay lower taxes by building truck beds in America.

Also in 1981, Eiji Toyoda stepped down as president and assumed the title of chairman. He was succeeded as president by [[Shoichiro Toyoda]], the son of the company's founder.{{sfn|Dawson|2004}} Within months, Shoichiro started to merge Toyota's sales and production organizations, and in 1982 the combined companies became the Toyota Motor Corporation. The two groups were described as "oil and water" and it took years of leadership from Shoichiro to successfully combine them into one organization.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hino |first=Satoshi |year=2006 |title=Inside the Mind of Toyota |page=24 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9781563273001}}</ref>

In Japan, Toyota offered mid-level luxury cars that were a class below the Crown and Century and offered hardtop coupes and sedans. The [[Toyota Supra|Supra]], [[Toyota Mark II|Mark II]], [[Toyota Cresta|Cresta]] and [[Toyota Chaser|Chaser]] offered several trim packages with different engine displacements to provide buyers with [[Road tax#Japan|annual road tax]] advantages. At the same time, sports cars like [[Toyota Celica|Celica]], [[Toyota Corolla Levin|Corolla Levin]] and [[Toyota Sprinter Trueno|Sprinter Trueno]] sold very well.

Efforts to open a Toyota assembly plant in the United States started in 1980, with the company proposing a joint-venture with the [[Ford Motor Company]]. Those talks broke down in July 1981.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Website {{!}} 75 Years of Toyota {{!}} Section 3. Local Production Starts in North America {{!}} Item 1. Negotiations with Ford |url=https://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/text/leaping_forward_as_a_global_corporation/chapter1/section3/item1.html |access-date=June 29, 2021 |website=www.toyota-global.com}}</ref> Eventually in 1984, the company struck a deal with [[General Motors]] (GM) to establish a joint-venture vehicle manufacturing plant called [[NUMMI]] (New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc.) in [[Fremont, California]].<ref name="atc2010">{{Cite web |last=Siegel |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Siegel |date=March 26, 2010 |title=The End Of The Line For GM-Toyota Joint Venture |url=http://ww.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId=125229157 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423033037/http://ww.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId=125229157 |archive-date=April 23, 2016 |access-date=April 7, 2010 |website=[[All Things Considered]] |publisher=[[National Public Radio]] }}</ref> GM saw the joint venture as a way to get access to a quality small car and an opportunity to learn about The Toyota Way and the Toyota Production System. For Toyota, the factory gave the company its first manufacturing base in North America allowing it to avoid any future tariffs on imported vehicles and saw GM as a partner who could show them how to navigate the American labor environment. The plant would be led by [[Tatsuro Toyoda]], the younger brother of company president Shoichiro Toyoda.<ref name="Lyon 2018">{{Cite web |last=Lyon |first=Peter |date=January 9, 2018 |title=The Lasting Legacy Of Toyota's Tatsuro Toyoda: A Ground-Breaking Joint Venture In The U.S. |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/peterlyon/2018/01/09/toyotas-former-president-and-champion-of-prius-hybrid-tatsuro-toyoda-dies-at-88/ |access-date=August 6, 2021 |website=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> The first Toyota assembled in America, a white Corolla, rolled off the line at NUMMI on October 7, 1986.<ref name="timeline">{{Cite web |title=timeline |url=http://www.nummi.com/timeline.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100402121111/http://www.nummi.com/timeline.php |archive-date=April 2, 2010 |access-date=November 30, 2013 |publisher=NUMMI}}</ref>

Toyota received its first Japanese Quality Control Award at the start of the 1980s and began participating in a wide variety of [[#Motorsports|motorsports]]. Conservative Toyota held on to [[Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|rear-wheel-drive]] designs for longer than most; while a clear first in overall production they were only third in production of front-wheel-drive cars in 1983, behind [[Nissan]] and [[Honda]]. In part due to this, Nissan's [[Nissan Sunny|Sunny]] managed to squeeze by the Corolla in numbers built that year.<ref name="whp19">{{Cite journal |last=Hattori |first=Yoshi |date=June 1984 |title=Japan: Minica magic |journal=[[Wheels (magazine)|Wheels]] |location=Sydney, Australia |publisher=Murray Publishers |page=19 |quote=Nissan built 1,200,000 front wheel drives, Honda about one million, and Toyota 800,000. Mazda was fourth, with 700,000 front wheel drive cars. |ref=Wh0684}}</ref>

[[File:Lexus LS 400 UCF10 I.jpg|thumb|The Lexus LS 400 went on sale in May 1989 and was seen as being largely responsible for the successful launch of Lexus.]]

Before the decade was out, Toyota introduced [[Lexus]], a new division that was formed to market and service luxury vehicles in international markets. Prior to the debut of Lexus, Toyota's two existing flagship models, the [[Toyota Crown|Crown]] and [[Toyota Century|Century]], both catered exclusively for the Japanese market and had little global appeal that could compete with international luxury brands such as [[Mercedes-Benz]], [[BMW]] and [[Jaguar Cars|Jaguar]]. The company had been developing the brand and vehicles in secret since August 1983, at a cost of over US$1 billion.{{sfn|Dawson|2004|page=4}}{{sfn|May|2006|p=43}} The [[Lexus LS#XF10|LS 400]] flagship full-size sedan debuted in 1989 to strong sales, and was largely responsible for the successful launch of the Lexus marque.

===1990s===
[[File:1994 Toyota Supra Sport Roof in Red, front left.jpg|thumb|The Toyota Supra (JZA80) is one of the most recognized Japanese sports cars.]]
[[File:1998 Toyota Prius NHW10 Silver Strara Metallic (front).jpg|thumb|Toyota Prius, first generation (NHW10 1997–2000) the first mass produced [[hybrid car]] ]]

In the 1990s, Toyota began to branch out from producing mostly compact cars by adding many larger and more luxurious vehicles to its lineup, including a full-sized pickup, the [[Toyota T100|T100]] (and later the [[Toyota Tundra|Tundra]]), several lines of SUVs, a sport version of the [[Toyota Camry|Camry]], known as the [[Toyota Solara|Camry Solara]]. They would also launch newer iterations of their sports cars, namely the [[Toyota MR2|MR2]], [[Toyota Celica|Celica]], and [[Toyota Supra|Supra]] during this era.

In Japan, Toyota continued to cater to the growing demand for mid-level luxury cars and offered several conventional and pillared hardtops sedans at its Japanese dealership network. The [[Toyota Soarer|Soarer]], [[Toyota Mark II|Mark II]], [[Toyota Cresta|Cresta]], [[Toyota Chaser|Chaser]], [[Toyota Corona EXiV|Corona EXiV]], and [[Toyota Carina ED|Carina ED]] found many buyers. At the same time, sports cars like the [[Toyota Supra|Supra]], [[Toyota Celica|Celica]], [[Toyota MR2|MR2]], [[Toyota Corolla Levin|Corolla Levin]], [[Toyota Sprinter Trueno|Sprinter Trueno]], and even the subcompact [[Toyota Starlet (P80)|Starlet GT]] reflected a time of prosperity.

December 1997 saw the introduction of the [[Toyota Prius (XW10)|first-generation Toyota Prius]], the first mass-produced [[Hybrid electric vehicle|gasoline-electric hybrid]] car.<ref name="toyoland-chronology">{{cite web |url=https://global.toyota/en/prius20th/evolution/|title= The evolution of the Prius 
|date=August 4, 2017 |author= <!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |publisher=Toyota |access-date=October 4, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251004092119/https://global.toyota/en/prius20th/evolution/|archive-date=October 4, 2025}}</ref> The vehicle would be produced exclusively for the Japanese market for the first two years.

With a major presence in Europe, due to the success of [[Toyota Team Europe]] in motorsport, the corporation decided to set up Toyota Motor Europe Marketing and Engineering, [[Toyota Motor Europe|TMME]], to help market vehicles in the continent. Two years later, Toyota set up a base in the United Kingdom, [[TMUK]], as the company's cars had become very popular among British drivers. Bases in [[Indiana]], [[Virginia]], and [[Tianjin]] were also set up.

Toyota also increased its ownership of Daihatsu during this period. In 1995, Toyota increased its shareholding in the company to 33.4 percent, giving Toyota the ability to veto shareholder resolutions at the annual meeting.<ref name="NYT1995" /> In 1998, Toyota increased its holding in the company to 51.2 percent, becoming the majority shareholder.<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 28, 1998 |title=Toyota to take over Daihatsu Motor |work=The Japan Times |url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/1998/08/28/national/toyota-to-take-over-daihatsu-motor/#.WGKRwNIrKM8 |access-date=December 27, 2016}}</ref>

On September 29, 1999, the company decided to list itself on the [[New York Stock Exchange|New York]] and [[London Stock Exchange]]s.

The later half of the 1990s would also see the Toyoda brothers step back from the company their father had founded. In 1992, Shoichiro Toyoda would shift to become chairman, allowing his brother Tatsuro to become president, a job he held until his retirement in 1995.<ref name="Lyon 2018" /> Shoichiro would step down as chairman in 1999. Both would retain honorary advisory roles in the company. [[Hiroshi Okuda]] would lead the company as president from 1995 until 1999 when he became chairman and the President's office would be filled by [[Fujio Cho]].

===2000s===
[[File:R&D Center of Toyota Susono Shizuoka.jpg|thumb|Toyota East Fuji Research and Development Center]]

In August 2000, exports began of the Prius.<ref name="toyoland-chronology" /> In 2001, Toyota acquired its long time partner, truck and bus manufacturer [[Hino Motors]]. In 2002, Toyota entered [[Formula One]] competition and established a manufacturing joint venture in France with French automakers [[Citroën]] and [[Peugeot]]. A youth-oriented marque for North America, [[Scion (automobile)|Scion]], was introduced in 2003. Toyota ranked eighth on [[Forbes 2000]] list of the world's leading companies for the year 2005.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Forbes Global 2000 |work=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/results.jhtml?passListId=18&passYear=2004&passListType=Company&searchParameter1=unset&searchParameter2=unset&resultsStart=1&resultsHowMany=100&resultsSortProperties=%2Bnumberfield1%2C%2Bstringfield2&resultsSortCategoryName=rank&passKeyword=&category1=category&category2=category&fromColumnClick=true |url-status=dead |access-date=December 27, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060524102554/http://www.forbes.com/lists/results.jhtml?passListId=18&passYear=2004&passListType=Company&searchParameter1=unset&searchParameter2=unset&resultsStart=1&resultsHowMany=100&resultsSortProperties=%2Bnumberfield1,%2Bstringfield2&resultsSortCategoryName=rank&passKeyword=&category1=category&category2=category&fromColumnClick=true |archive-date=May 24, 2006}}</ref> Also in 2005, Fujio Cho would shift to become chairman of Toyota and would be replaced as president by [[Katsuaki Watanabe]].

In 2007, Toyota released an update of its full-sized truck, the Tundra, produced in two American factories, one in Texas and one in Indiana. ''Motor Trend'' named the 2007 [[Toyota Camry]] "Car of the Year" for 2007. It also began the construction of two new factories, one in Woodstock, Ontario, Canada, and the other in Blue Springs, Mississippi, USA.

The company was number one in global automobile sales for the first quarter of 2008.<ref>{{Cite news |date=April 24, 2008 |title=Toyota Claims World's Best-Selling Automaker Title |work=Automotive |publisher=US News |url=http://usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/cars-trucks/daily-news/080424-Toyota-Claims-World-s-Best-Selling-Automaker-Title/ |url-status=live |access-date=December 27, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081029033432/http://usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/cars-trucks/daily-news/080424-Toyota-Claims-World-s-Best-Selling-Automaker-Title/ |archive-date=October 29, 2008}}</ref>

Toyota was affected by the [[2008 financial crisis]] and in December 2008 it had its first annual loss in 70 years.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Vlasic |first1=Bill |last2=Fackler |first2=Martin |date=December 23, 2008 |title=Car Slump Jolts Toyota, Halting 70 Years of Gain |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/23/business/23auto.html?_r=1&fta=y |url-status=live |access-date=January 6, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904024627/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/23/business/23auto.html?_r=1&fta=y |archive-date=September 4, 2015}}</ref> In January 2009, it announced the closure of all of its Japanese plants for 11 days to reduce output and stocks of unsold vehicles.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fackler |first=Martin |date=January 7, 2009 |title=Toyota to Shut Factories for 11 Days |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/07/business/worldbusiness/07toyota.html?bl&ex=1231390800&en=be40ce4593ec2976&ei=5087%0A |url-status=live |access-date=January 6, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206003257/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/07/business/worldbusiness/07toyota.html?bl&ex=1231390800&en=be40ce4593ec2976&ei=5087%0A |archive-date=February 6, 2016}}</ref>
{{Anchor|acceleration recalls}}
In October 2009, Toyota announced that they were establishing an office in South Korea and launched the Camry sedan, Camry hybrid, Prius and the RAV4 during the launching event at the Grand Hyatt Seoul.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/biz/2009/10/123_53916.html |title=Toyotas New Models Challenge Hyundai Motor |first=Jane |last=Han |publisher=Korea Times |date=October 20, 2009 |access-date=April 5, 2022}}</ref>

Between 2009 and 2011, Toyota [[2009–2011 Toyota vehicle recalls|conducted recalls]] of millions of vehicles after reports that several drivers experienced [[Sudden unintended acceleration|unintended acceleration]]. The recalls were to prevent a front driver's side [[Car mat|floor mat]] from sliding into the [[Automobile pedal|foot pedal]] well, causing the pedals to become trapped and to correct the possible mechanical sticking of the [[accelerator pedal]].<ref name="pressroom.toyota.com" /> At least 37 were killed in crashes allegedly related to unintended acceleration,<ref name="Healey 2010" /> approximately 9 million cars and trucks were recalled,<ref name="CSM" /> Toyota was sued for personal injuries and wrongful deaths,<ref name="Hirsch 2013" /> paid {{USD|1 billion}} to settle a class action lawsuit to compensate owners for lost resale value,<ref name="Zalubowski 2012" /> and paid a {{USD|1.2 billion}} criminal penalty to the United States government over accusations that it had intentionally hid information about safety defects and had made deceptive statements to protect its brand image.<ref name="fined2" />

[[File:Akio Toyoda.jpg|thumb|Akio Toyoda was named President of Toyota in 2009, pictured in 2011.]]

Amid the unintended acceleration scandal, Katsuaki Watanabe stepped down as company president. He was replaced by [[Akio Toyoda]], grandson of company founder Kiichiro Toyoda, on June 23, 2009. Akio had been with Toyota since 1984, working jobs in production, marketing and product development, and took a seat on the board of directors in 2000.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=Akio Toyoda bio|url=https://global.toyota/en/company/profile/executives/board-of-director/akio_toyoda.html|access-date=August 5, 2021|website=Toyota Motor Corporation|language=en}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=December 2023}} Akio's promotion by the board marked the return of a member of the Toyoda family to the top leadership role for the first time since 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 9, 2009 |title=Toyota names Akio Toyoda as next president |url=http://www.upi.com/Business_News/2009/01/09/Toyota-names-Akio-Toyoda-as-next-president/UPI-99791231535710/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328134246/https://www.upi.com/Business_News/2009/01/09/Toyota-names-Akio-Toyoda-as-next-president/UPI-99791231535710/ |archive-date=March 28, 2019 |access-date=July 25, 2009 |publisher=UPI.com}}</ref>

=== 2010s ===
In 2011, Toyota, along with large parts of the Japanese [[automotive industry]], suffered from a series of natural disasters. The [[2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami]] led to a severe disruption of the supplier base and a drop in production and exports.<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 2, 2011 |title=Toyota's Financials Hit By Earthquake |work=Thetruthaboutcars.com |url=http://www.thetruthaboutcars.com/2011/08/toyotas-financials-hit-by-earthquake |url-status=live |access-date=May 11, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017120858/http://www.thetruthaboutcars.com/2011/08/toyotas-financials-hit-by-earthquake/ |archive-date=October 17, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=July 29, 2011 |title=This Is A Tsunami Wave |work=Thetruthaboutcars.com |url=http://www.thetruthaboutcars.com/2011/07/this-is-a-tsunami-wave |url-status=live |access-date=May 11, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017120457/http://www.thetruthaboutcars.com/2011/07/this-is-a-tsunami-wave/ |archive-date=October 17, 2013}}</ref> Severe flooding during the 2011 [[monsoon]] season in Thailand affected Japanese automakers that had chosen Thailand as a production base. Toyota is estimated to have lost production of 150,000 units to the tsunami and production of 240,000 units to the floods.

On February 10, 2014, it was announced that Toyota would cease manufacturing vehicles and engines in Australia by the end of 2017.<ref name="toyota-exit">{{Cite news |last=Dunckley |first=Mathew |date=February 10, 2014 |title=Toyota confirms exit from Australian manufacturing in 2017 |work=Port Macquarie News |url=http://www.portnews.com.au/story/2078487/toyota-confirms-exit-from-australian-manufacturing-in-2017/?cs=2452 |url-status=dead |access-date=February 10, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221175235/http://www.portnews.com.au/story/2078487/toyota-confirms-exit-from-australian-manufacturing-in-2017/?cs=2452 |archive-date=February 21, 2014}}</ref><ref name="ToyotaExitsAustralianManufacturing">{{Cite press release |title=Toyota Australia Announces Future Plan For Local Manufacturing |date=February 10, 2014 |publisher=Toyota |location=Australia |url=http://www.toyota.com.au/news/toyota-australia-announces-future-plan-for-local-manufacturing |access-date=February 10, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222153203/http://www.toyota.com.au/news/toyota-australia-announces-future-plan-for-local-manufacturing |archive-date=February 22, 2014}}</ref> The decision was based on the unfavourable Australian dollar making exports not viable, the high cost of local manufacture, and the high amount of competition in a relatively small local market.<ref name="ToyotaExitsAustralianManufacturing" />{{primary source inline|date=December 2023}} The company planned to consolidate its corporate functions in Melbourne by the end of 2017, and retain its Altona plant for other functions. The workforce was expected to be reduced from 3,900 to 1,300.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Toyota Australia announces its future plans |date=December 3, 2014 |publisher=Toyota |location=Australia |url=http://www.toyota.com.au/news/toyota-australia-announces-its-future-plans |access-date=March 18, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324100021/http://www.toyota.com.au/news/toyota-australia-announces-its-future-plans |archive-date=March 24, 2016}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=December 2023}} Both [[Ford Motor Company]] and [[General Motors]] ([[Holden]]) followed suit, ending Australian production in 2016 and 2017 respectively.

The automaker narrowly topped global sales for the first half of 2014, selling 5.1 million vehicles in the six months ending June 30, 2014, an increase of 3.8% on the same period the previous year. [[Volkswagen AG]], which recorded sales of 5.07 million vehicles, was close behind.<ref name="AutoSales">{{Cite news |title=World biggest carmaker tag retained by Toyota |publisher=The Japan News.Net |url=http://www.thejapannews.net/index.php/sid/224277905/scat/3a8a80d6f705f8cc/ht/World-biggest-carmaker-tag-retained-by-Toyota |url-status=dead |access-date=July 31, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808053950/http://www.thejapannews.net/index.php/sid/224277905/scat/3a8a80d6f705f8cc/ht/World-biggest-carmaker-tag-retained-by-Toyota |archive-date=August 8, 2014}}</ref>

In August 2014, Toyota announced it would be cutting its spare-parts prices in China by up to 35%. The company admitted the move was in response to a probe foreshadowed earlier in the month by China's [[National Development and Reform Commission]] of Toyota's Lexus spare-parts policies, as part of an industry-wide investigation into what the Chinese regulator considers exorbitantly high prices being charged by automakers for spare parts and after-sales servicing.<ref name="ToyotaChina">{{Cite news |date=August 21, 2014 |title=Anti-trust probe forces Toyota to cut auto spare parts prices in China |publisher=Asia Pacific Star |url=http://www.asiapacificstar.com/index.php/sid/224972433 |url-status=dead |access-date=August 22, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826120735/http://www.asiapacificstar.com/index.php/sid/224972433 |archive-date=August 26, 2014}}</ref>

In November 2015, the company announced that it would invest {{USD|1 billion}} over the next five years into [[artificial intelligence]] and robotics research.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kelly |first=Heather |date=November 5, 2015 |title=Toyota to invest $1 billion into artificial intelligence |publisher=[[CNNMoney]] |url=https://money.cnn.com/2015/11/05/technology/toyota-ai-research/index.html |url-status=live |access-date=November 10, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109083239/http://money.cnn.com/2015/11/05/technology/toyota-ai-research/index.html |archive-date=November 9, 2015}}</ref> In 2016, Toyota invested in [[Uber]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hawkins |first=Andrew J. |date=May 24, 2016 |title=Toyota is establishing a 'strategic partnership' with Uber, which is a really big deal |work=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/5/24/11762420/oyota-uber-partnership-investment-announced |url-status=live |access-date=May 25, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805061225/https://www.theverge.com/2016/5/24/11762420/oyota-uber-partnership-investment-announced |archive-date=August 5, 2017}}</ref> In 2020, a corporate governance report showed that Toyota owns 10.25 million shares of Uber, which was valued at $292.46 million as of March 30, 2020. According to Reuters, this was roughly 0.6 percent of Uber's outstanding shares.<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 24, 2020 |title=Toyota holds $293 million stake in Uber, governance report shows |publisher=[[Reuters]]|location=US |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-toyota-shareholdings-idUSKBN23V1PN |access-date=November 8, 2020}}</ref>

In March 2016, Toyota partnered with [[Yanmar]] to create a fiberglass pleasure boat using Yanmar outboard marine diesel engines or Toyota inboard engines.<ref>{{Cite news |date=March 10, 2016 |title='ガリバー'ヤマハの牙城を崩せるか!? トヨタとヤンマーがプレジャーボートでタッグ |language=ja |trans-title='Gulliver' Can you break down the stronghold of Yamaha? Toyota and Yanmar join to make a pleasure boat |work=My Navi |url=http://news.mynavi.jp/articles/2016/03/10/marin/ |url-status=live |access-date=August 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809213837/http://news.mynavi.jp/articles/2016/03/10/marin/ |archive-date=August 9, 2017}}</ref>

In August 2016, the company purchased all remaining assets of Daihatsu, making the manufacturer of small cars a wholly owned subsidiary of Toyota.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Toyota completes full takeover of Daihatsu |url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/08/01/business/corporate-business/toyota-completes-full-takeover-daihatsu/ |access-date=August 1, 2016 |work=[[The Japan Times]] |archive-date=August 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803002949/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/08/01/business/corporate-business/toyota-completes-full-takeover-daihatsu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

On August 27, 2018, Toyota announced an investment of {{USD|500 million}} in [[Uber]]'s [[autonomous car]]s.<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 27, 2018 |title=Toyota To Invest $500 Mln Uber To Develop Driverless Car: WSJ |work=[[Business Insider]] |url=https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/toyota-to-invest-500-mln-uber-to-develop-driverless-car-wsj-1027487944 |url-status=live |access-date=August 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828134445/https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/toyota-to-invest-500-mln-uber-to-develop-driverless-car-wsj-1027487944 |archive-date=August 28, 2018}}</ref>

In October 2019, Toyota backed the Trump Administration's proposal that federal authority should override California's ability to set its own emissions standards for automobiles. The proposal would reduce California's 2025 fuel efficiency standard from about 54.5 to 37 MPG.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hsu |first=Tiffany |date=October 29, 2019 |title=Toyota's Support of Trump Emissions Rules Shocks Californians |language=en-US |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/29/business/toyota-california-emissions-honda-gm-chrysler.html |url-status=live |access-date=November 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102175427/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/29/business/toyota-california-emissions-honda-gm-chrysler.html |archive-date=November 2, 2019 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> This shift by Toyota away from fuel efficiency damaged the company's reputation as a [[green brand]].<ref name="Grandoni 2020">{{Cite news |last=Grandoni |first=Dino |date=July 17, 2020 |title=Analysis – The Energy 202: Toyota faces revolt from eco-conscious customers after siding with Trump |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/paloma/the-energy-202/2019/11/06/the-energy-202-toyota-faces-revolt-from-eco-conscious-customers-after-siding-with-trump/5dc1bc52602ff1184c3161f5/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106173432/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/paloma/the-energy-202/2019/11/06/the-energy-202-toyota-faces-revolt-from-eco-conscious-customers-after-siding-with-trump/5dc1bc52602ff1184c3161f5/ |archive-date=November 6, 2019 |access-date=January 15, 2021 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |quote=[Toyota] is not the only car company taking the Trump administration's side in the high-stakes legal fight. But Toyota's position may be particularly risky since it has spent decades cultivating an environmentally conscious reputation for pioneering the Prius, the first mass-market hybrid in the United States, along with other hybrid cars. Some Toyota owners, drawn to what they thought was a green brand, are in open revolt against the automaker. They're sending complaints to the company, taking to social media to call for boycotts and promising to buy cars that sided with California in its fight with President Trump.}}</ref><ref name="The New York Times 2021" />

===2020s===
[[File:SZ 深圳 Shenzhen 寶安區 Bao'An 歡樂港灣商場 OH Bay Baoan Shopping Mall shop Toyota car showroom July 2023 Px3 01.jpg|thumb|Toyota [[Showroom]] in [[Shenzhen]], China]]

By 2020, Toyota reclaimed its position as the largest automaker in the world, surpassing [[Volkswagen Group|Volkswagen]].<ref name="yahoo-news">{{Cite web |date=January 28, 2021 |title=Toyota beats Volkswagen to become World's No.1 car seller in 2020 |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/toyota-beats-volkswagen-become-worlds-064728076.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128235501/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/toyota-beats-volkswagen-become-worlds-064728076.html |archive-date=January 28, 2021 |website=[[Yahoo! News]]}}</ref> It sold 9.528 million vehicles globally despite an 11.3% drop in sales due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref name="yahoo-news" /> This includes subsidiaries [[Daihatsu]] and [[Hino Motors]].<ref name="yahoo-news" /><ref name="2020-sales">{{Cite news |first=Michelle |last=Toh |title=Toyota overtakes Volkswagen as world's biggest automaker |work=[[CNN]] |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/28/business/toyota-volkswagen-japan-germany-intl-hnk/index.html}}</ref>

On April 2, 2020, [[BYD Auto|BYD]] and Toyota announced a new joint venture between the two companies called BYD Toyota EV Technology Co., Ltd., with the aim of "developing BEVs (Battery Electric Vehicles) that appeal to customers."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lambert|first=Fred|date=April 2, 2020|title=Toyota launches new electric car company with BYD|url=https://electrek.co/2020/04/02/toyota-electric-car-company-byd/|access-date=September 28, 2020|website=Electrek|language=en-US}}</ref>

In March 2021, Toyota, its subsidiary Hino, and Isuzu announced the creation of a strategic partnership between the three companies. Toyota acquired a 4.6% stake in Isuzu while the latter plans to acquire Toyota shares for an equivalent value. The three companies said they would form a new joint venture by April called Commercial Japan Partnership Technologies Corporation with the aim of developing [[fuel cell vehicle|fuel cell]] and [[electric vehicle|electric]] light trucks. Toyota would own an 80% stake in the venture while Hino and Isuzu would own 10% each.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 25, 2021 |title=Toyota and Isuzu to take stake in each other to co-develop new vehicles |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2021/03/25/business/corporate-business/toyota-isuzu-joint-venture/ |website=Japan Times |access-date=April 6, 2021 |archive-date=June 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617091154/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2021/03/25/business/corporate-business/toyota-isuzu-joint-venture/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In April 2021, Toyota said that it will buy [[Lyft]]'s self-driving technology unit for $550 million and merge it with its newly created [[Woven Planet Holdings]] automation division.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 26, 2021 |title=Toyota to buy Lyft unit in boost to self-driving plans |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/lyft-sells-self-driving-tech-unit-toyota-550-mln-moves-up-profit-timeline-2021-04-26/ |access-date=April 28, 2021 |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref>

In June 2021, the company defended its donations to the United States [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] lawmakers after they [[Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election|voted against certifying the results]] of the [[2020 United States presidential election|2020 presidential election]], saying it did not believe it was "appropriate to judge members of Congress" for that one vote.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Choi |first=Joseph |date=June 27, 2021 |title=Toyota defends donations to lawmakers who objected to certifying election |url=https://thehill.com/policy/transportation/automobiles/560472-toyota-defends-donations-to-lawmakers-who-objected-to |access-date=June 28, 2021 |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|location=US}}</ref> A report by [[Axios (website)|Axios]] found that Toyota was the top donor to 2020 election objectors, by a substantial margin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Toyota is the no. 1 donor to 2020 election objectors — by far |url=https://news.yahoo.com/toyota-no-1-donor-2020-204446039.html |access-date=June 28, 2021 |website=[[Yahoo! News]] |location=US}}</ref> The company then reversed course in July 2021 and ceased donations to election objectors, releasing a statement saying it understood that its PAC's donations to those objectors, which far outpaced those of any other company, "troubled some stakeholders."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Markay |first=Lachlan |title=Toyota to cease donations to election objectors |url=https://www.axios.com/toyota-cease-donations-election-objectors-180432b0-acb5-4cbe-97ec-f4de95370cbe.html |access-date=July 8, 2021 |website=[[Axios (website)|Axios]] |date=July 8, 2021 |location=US |archive-date=July 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210708191014/https://www.axios.com/toyota-cease-donations-election-objectors-180432b0-acb5-4cbe-97ec-f4de95370cbe.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Toyota resumed donations after a six-month pause.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gibson |first1=Kate |title=Toyota resumes political donations to 2020 presidential election objectors |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/toyota-political-donations-to-election-objectors/ |access-date=July 12, 2023 |work=CBS News |location=US |date=April 25, 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

In December 2021, Toyota announced that it would invest {{currency|8 trillion|JPY}} ($70 billion at 2021 exchange rate) in electric vehicles by 2030, launch 30 EV models worldwide by that year, and set a sales target of 3.5 million electric vehicles in 2030.<ref name="Kyodo News 2021">{{cite web|url=https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2021/12/9cfbdbbc9e50-urgent-toyota-sets-annual-global-sales-target-of-35-mil-evs-in-2030.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315004331/https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2021/12/9cfbdbbc9e50-urgent-toyota-sets-annual-global-sales-target-of-35-mil-evs-in-2030.html|title=Toyota sets global sales target of 3.5 mil. electric vehicles in 2030|publisher=[[Kyodo News]]|date=December 14, 2021|archive-date=March 15, 2022}}</ref>

Toyota will increase its software engineer intake to around 40% to 50% of all technical hires from the second quarter of 2022, the move plans to address a transformation to so-called CASE — connected, autonomous, [[Shared transport|shared]] and electric — technologies in an environment of intensifying global competition.<ref>[https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2021/04/26/business/corporate-business/toyota-electric-vehicles-jobs/ Toyota to boost hiring of software engineers to 50% of technical staff intake] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803115134/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2021/04/26/business/corporate-business/toyota-electric-vehicles-jobs/ |date=August 3, 2021 }}, [[The Japan Times]], April 26, 2021</ref>

In 2021, Toyota told some of its suppliers to increase their semiconductor inventory levels from the conventional three months to five months in response to the [[2020-2021 global chip shortage|COVID-19 chip shortage]].<ref name=Nikkei/> The [[Lean manufacturing|"just-in-time" supply chain]] in which parts are only delivered when necessary, had already been revised after the [[2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami|March 11, 2011, earthquake and tsunami]] in Japan, lifting inventories across the entire procurement network.<ref name=Nikkei>{{cite news |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Automobiles/Toyota-ditches-signature-just-in-time-to-fight-chip-crunch |title=Toyota ditches signature 'just-in-time' to fight chip crunch |work=[[Nikkei Asia]] |date=September 15, 2021 |access-date=September 16, 2021}}</ref> The time it takes Toyota to turn over its inventory increased by around 40% during the past ten years, to 36.36 days {{as of|2021|March|lc=y}}.<ref name=Nikkei/>

In June 2022, Toyota recalled 2,700 of its first mass-produced all-electric vehicles due to worries that their wheels could fall off during driving. It was discovered that the bolts on the bZ4X's wheels could loosen up to the point where the wheel simply detaches from the car, causing a loss of control over the vehicle and possible accident.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-61919424 | title=Toyota recalls electric cars over concerns about loose wheels | date=June 24, 2022 | publisher=[[BBC News]] |access-date=June 24, 2022}}</ref>

In August 2022, Toyota pledged up to $5.6 billion towards electric vehicle battery production and announced an increase in investment in its plant near [[Greensboro, North Carolina]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Frangoul |first=Anmar |title=Toyota pledges up to $5.6 billion for EV battery production, ramps up investment in North Carolina plant |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/08/31/toyota-says-it-will-invest-extra-2point5-billion-in-north-carolina-plant.html |access-date=September 2, 2022 |website=[[CNBC]]|date=August 31, 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Boudette |first=Neal E. |date=August 31, 2022 |title=Toyota adds $2.5 billion to its investment in a North Carolina battery plant. |language=en-US |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/31/business/energy-environment/toyota-battery-plant-north-carolina.html |access-date=September 2, 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Also in 2022, Toyota managed to maintain its position as the world's best-selling automaker for the third year in a row.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 30, 2023 |title=Toyota n°1 mondial de l'automobile en 2022 pour la 3e année d'affilée |url=https://www.bfmtv.com/economie/entreprises/industries/toyota-ndeg1-mondial-de-l-automobile-en-2022-pour-la-3e-annee-d-affilee_AD-202301300097.html |access-date=February 14, 2023 |website=BFM TV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=January 30, 2023 |title=Toyota defends title as world's top-selling automaker in 2022 |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/toyota-defends-title-worlds-top-selling-automaker-2022-2023-01-30/ |access-date=February 14, 2023 |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref>

In 2022, Toyota signed a {{GBP|11.3 million}} deal with the [[Government of the United Kingdom|British government]] to develop [[Hydrogen vehicle|hydrogen-powered]] [[pickup truck]]s. The [[Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy]] is investing {{GBP|5.6 million}} in the research scheme, based at [[Burnaston]], with a further {{GBP|5.7 million}} coming through the [[Advanced Propulsion Centre]] UK (APC).<ref>{{Cite news|lang=en|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-derbyshire-63827102|title=Toyota in £11.3m government deal to develop hydrogen pickup trucks|website=BBC|date=December 2, 2022 |access-date=2024-02-07|archive-date=2024-01-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240120112912/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-derbyshire-63827102}}</ref>

In January 2023, Toyota CEO and President [[Akio Toyoda]] announced that he was stepping down and passing the position on to Koji Sato. Akio is the great-grandson of company founder Rizaburo Toyoda. Sato had previously run Lexus, Toyota's luxury car brand. The change is set to take effect on April 1, 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Toh |first=Michelle |date=January 26, 2023 |title=Toyota names new CEO as Akio Toyoda steps down {{!}} CNN Business |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/26/business/japan-toyota-ceo-steps-down-intl-hnk/index.html |access-date=January 26, 2023 |website=[[CNN]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Yamazaki |first1=Makiko |last2=Krolicki |first2=Kevin |date=January 26, 2023 |title=Lexus chief to take over Toyota as founder's grandson steps down |language=en |work=[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/toyota-president-akio-toyoda-become-chairman-2023-01-26/ |access-date=January 26, 2023}}</ref>

In 2023, after negotiating with the unions, Toyota implemented the largest increase in employee wages in 20 years.<ref>{{Cite news|lang=en|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-64740171|title=Toyota and Honda announce biggest pay rises in decades|website=BBC|date=February 23, 2023 |access-date=2024-02-07|archive-date=2024-01-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131035222/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-64740171}}</ref>

In July 2024, Toyota announced plans to build an electric car cell plant in Fukuoka and export them to the rest of Asia.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-07-26 |title=Toyota Plans to Build Electric Car Cell Plant in Fukuoka, Nikkei Reports |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-07-26/toyota-plans-to-build-electric-car-cell-plant-in-fukuoka-nikkei |access-date=2024-07-26 |work=Bloomberg.com |language=en}}</ref>

In October 18 2024, Toyota announced to return to Formula 1 after a 15-year absence, partnering with the US-based Haas team.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-11 |title=Toyota to return to F1 with Haas as 'technical partner' |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/formula1/articles/cly6xgld5npo |access-date=2024-11-18 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref>

In November 2024, Toyota and [[Joby Aviation]] completed an air taxi test flight in Japan using an electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft. Toyota had invested $394 million to Joby as part of a strategic alliance on commercial manufacturing.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Toyota to invest $500 million in electric air taxi company Joby Aviation |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/toyota-invest-500-million-electric-air-taxi-company-joby-aviation-2024-10-02/ |first=David |last=Shepardson |work=Reuters |location=US |date=2024-10-02 |access-date=2024-12-16}}</ref>

In June 2025, Toyota announced to raise its prices for some vehicles sold in the US by an average of $270 from July 2025 as the US government imposed a 25% tariff on the imported vehicle parts.<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 21, 2025 |title=Toyota to raise US auto prices by average $270 from July |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/toyota-raise-us-auto-prices-by-more-than-200-july-bloomberg-news-reports-2025-06-21/}}</ref>

In October 2025, Toyota announced that it would spinoff the Century nameplate into its own independent marque, which is to be focused on low-production and hand-built ultra-luxury vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Accardi |first=Michael |date=2025-10-16 |title=Can Toyota Really Chase Down Rolls-Royce With "New" Century Brand? |url=https://www.autoguide.com/auto/manufacturers/toyota/can-toyota-really-chase-down-rolls-royce-with-new-century-brand-44626453 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Autoguide.com |language=en}}</ref> Chairman Akio Toyoda explained that this was done to further define the [[Century (marque)|Century]] brand from Lexus, Toyota's mass-production luxury marque.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pappas |first=Thanos |date=2025-10-15 |title=Century Breaks Free To Become Toyota's New Flagship Brand Above Lexus |url=https://www.carscoops.com/2025/10/this-is-how-toyota-will-differentiate-its-high-end-brands/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Carscoops |language=en}}</ref>

== Board of directors ==
* Chairman: [[Akio Toyoda]] (since April 2023)
* Vice chairman: Shigeru Hayakawa
* President & CEO: [[Koji Sato (engineer)|Koji Sato]] (since April 2023)
* Members:
** Takeshi Uchiyamada
** James Kuffner
** Kenta Kon
** Masahiko Maeda
** Ikuro Sugawara
** Sir Philip Craven
** Teiko Kudo

=== List of former chairmen ===
''In 1950, Toyota was split into Toyota Motor Co. and Toyota Motor Sales Co. (sales arm of Toyota); the two companies merged in 1982 to create one unified company, with then-Toyota Motor Co. President Eiji Toyoda becoming chairman. Chairmen listed prior to 1982 below were for the pre-merger Toyota Motor Co. only.<ref name="Merger of Toyota">{{Cite web |url=https://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/text/leaping_forward_as_a_global_corporation/chapter1/section2/item2.html|title=75 Years of Toyota {{!}} Item 2. A New Toyota is Born |website=Toyota-global |year=2012 |access-date=2024-08-12}}</ref>''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Toyota – All You Need To Know |date=January 19, 2023 |url=https://automotivelad.com/toyota/#current-chairman-at-toyota|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127034642/https://automotivelad.com/toyota/#current-chairman-at-toyota|url-status=usurped|archive-date=January 27, 2023}}</ref>

# [[Rizaburo Toyoda]] (1937–1948)
# Taizo Ishida (1948–1952)
# Shoichi Saito (1952–1959)
# Masaya Hanai (1959–1982)
# [[Eiji Toyoda]] (1982–1994)
# [[Shoichiro Toyoda]] (1994–1999)
# [[Hiroshi Okuda]] (1999–2006)<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.jama.or.jp/english/release/release/2000/000518.html |title=Hiroshi Okuda, Toyota chairman, elected to lead Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association |date=May 18, 2000 |access-date=May 15, 2022}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>
# [[Fujio Cho]] (2006–2013)<ref name="Cho">{{cite web |title=Fujio Cho |url=https://www.automotivehalloffame.org/honoree/fujio-cho/ |access-date=May 15, 2022 |website=Automotive Hall of Fame}}</ref>
# [[Takeshi Uchiyamada]] (2013–2023)<ref name="Bloomberg 2023">{{Cite web |date=April 1, 2023 |title=Toyota's Shift to Electric Future Rests on Koji Sato's Shoulders |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-03-31/toyota-s-shift-to-electric-future-rests-on-koji-sato-s-shoulders#xj4y7vzkg |website=[[Bloomberg News|Bloomberg]]}}</ref>

=== List of former presidents ===
''Similar to the chairman position, in 1982 the then-Toyota Motor Sales Co. President Shoichiro Toyoda becoming President. President's listed prior to 1982 below were for the pre-merger Toyota Motor Co. only.''<ref name="Merger of Toyota" /><ref>{{Cite news |title=CHRONOLOGY-Past presidents of Toyota |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/toyota-idUST20863520090120 |website=[[Reuters]]|date=January 20, 2009 }}</ref>

# [[Rizaburo Toyoda]] (1937–1941)
# [[Kiichiro Toyoda]] (1941–1950)
# Taizo Ishida (1950–1961)
# Fukio Nakagawa (1961–1967)
# [[Eiji Toyoda]] (1967–1982)
# [[Shoichiro Toyoda]] (1982<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.automotivehalloffame.org/honoree/shoichiro-toyoda/ |title=Shoichiro Toyoda |website=Automotive Hall of Fame |access-date=May 15, 2022}}</ref>–1992)
# [[Tatsuro Toyoda]] (1992–1995)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/07/obituaries/tatsuro-toyoda-dead.html |title=Tatsuro Toyoda, Who Led Toyota's Global Expansion, Dies at 88 |first=Nellie |last=Bowles |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 7, 2018 |access-date=May 15, 2022}}</ref>
# [[Hiroshi Okuda]] (1995<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/10/18/business/five-questions-with-hiroshi-okuda-black-belt-market-share-becomes-goal-toyota.html |title=Five questions with: Hiroshi Okuda; black belt in market share becomes the goal at Toyota |first=Sharon R. |last=King |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=October 18, 1998 |access-date=May 15, 2022}}</ref>–1999)
# [[Fujio Cho]] (1999–2005)<ref name="Cho" />
# [[Katsuaki Watanabe]] (2005–2009)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-toyota-idUSTRE55O0YB20090625 |title=Toyota's new boss warns of two more tough years |first=Chang-Ran |last=Kim |work=[[Reuters]]|date=June 25, 2009 |access-date=May 13, 2022}}</ref>
# [[Akio Toyoda]] (2009–2023)<ref name="Bloomberg 2023" />

==Product line==
{{primary|section|date=December 2023}}
{{Further|List of Toyota vehicles}}

{| class="wikitable" style="float:right;"
! colspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#abcdef;" |Best-selling Toyota and Lexus<br />nameplates/series globally, [[Fiscal year#Japan|FY]]2023<ref>{{Cite web |title=Integrated Report 2023 |url=https://global.toyota/pages/global_toyota/ir/library/annual/2023_001_integrated_en.pdf |website=Toyota Motor Corporation}}</ref>
|-
!Rank<br />in Toyota
!Model
!Sales<br />(thousands of units)
|-
!1
|[[Toyota Corolla]]
|1,538
|-
!2
|[[Toyota Yaris]]
|900
|-
!3
|[[Toyota RAV4]]
|847
|-
!4
|[[Toyota Hilux]]
|648
|-
!5
|[[Toyota Camry]]
|642
|-
!6
|[[Toyota Highlander]]
|379
|-
!7
|[[Toyota Tacoma]]
|260
|-
!8
|[[Toyota Levin (E210)|Toyota Levin]]
|195
|-
!9
|[[Toyota Fortuner]]
|177
|-
!10
|[[Toyota Avanza]]
|175
|}

Toyota officially lists approximately 70 different models sold under its namesake brand, including sedans, coupes, vans, trucks, hybrids, and crossovers. Many of these models are produced as passenger sedans, which range from the subcompact [[Toyota Yaris]], compact [[Toyota Corolla|Corolla]], to mid-size [[Toyota Camry|Camry]] and full-size [[Toyota Avalon|Avalon]]. Minivans include the [[Toyota Innova|Innova]], [[Toyota Alphard|Alphard/Vellfire]], [[Toyota Sienna|Sienna]], and others. Several small cars, such as the [[Scion xB|xB]] and [[Scion tC|tC]], were sold under the [[Scion (automobile)|Scion]] brand.{{clear}}

===SUVs and crossovers===
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Toyota SUV and crossover line-up grew quickly in the late 2010s to 2020s due to the market shift to SUVs. Toyota crossovers range from the subcompact [[Toyota Yaris Cross|Yaris Cross]] and [[Toyota C-HR|C-HR]], compact [[Corolla Cross]] and [[Toyota RAV4|RAV4]], to midsize [[Toyota Venza|Harrier/Venza]] and [[Toyota Kluger|Kluger/Highlander]]. Other crossovers include the [[Toyota Raize|Raize]], [[Toyota Urban Cruiser|Urban Cruiser]]. Toyota SUVs range from the midsize [[Toyota Fortuner|Fortuner]] to full-size [[Toyota Land Cruiser|Land Cruiser]]. Other SUVs include the [[Toyota Rush|Rush]], [[Toyota Land Cruiser Prado|Prado]],
[[Toyota 4Runner|4Runner]], and [[Toyota Sequoia|Sequoia]].
{{clear right}}

===Pickup trucks===
{{Multiple image
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| image2 = 2016 Toyota Tacoma TRD Sport Access Cab 3.5L front 5.14.19.jpg
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| total_width =
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}}

Toyota first entered the [[pickup truck]] market in 1947 with the [[Toyota SB|SB]] that was only sold in Japan and limited Asian markets. It was followed in 1954 by the [[Toyota RK|RK]] (renamed in 1959 as the [[Toyota Stout|Stout]]) and in 1968 by the compact [[Toyota Hilux|Hilux]]. With continued refinement, the Hilux (simply known as the Pickup in some markets) became famous for being extremely durable and reliable.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 23, 2003 |title=Top Gear – Episode Archive – Series 3 |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/topgear/show/episodes/series3episode5.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091106115656/http://www.bbc.co.uk/topgear/show/episodes/series3episode5.shtml |archive-date=November 6, 2009 |access-date=July 25, 2009 |publisher=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> [[Extended cab]] and [[crew cab]] versions were eventually added, and Toyota continues to produce them today under various names depending on the market in various cab lengths, with gasoline or diesel engines, and 2WD and 4WD versions.

In North America, the Hilux became a major model for the company, leading the company to launch the [[Toyota Tacoma|Tacoma]] in 1995.<ref name="Toyota 75 Years History">{{Cite web |title=75 Years of TOYOTA – Part 2, Chapter 2, Section 5, Item 4. Expansion of Sales Networks in the United States |url=https://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/text/entering_the_automotive_business/chapter2/section5/item4.html |access-date=June 28, 2021 |website=[[Toyota Motor Corporation]]}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=December 2023}} The Tacoma was based on the Hilux, but with a design intended to better suit the needs of North American consumers who often use pickup trucks as personal vehicles. The design was a success and the Tacoma became the best-selling [[compact pickup]] in North America.

After the success of its compact Hilux pickups in North America, Toyota decided to enter the [[full-size pickup]] market, which was traditionally dominated by domestic automakers. The company introduced the [[Toyota T100|T100]] for the 1993 US model year. The T100 had a full-size {{Convert|8|ft|adj=on}} long bed, but suspension and engine characteristics were similar to that of a compact pickup. Sales were disappointing and the T100 was criticized for having a small V6 engine (especially compared to the V8 engines common in American full-size trucks), lacking an extended-cab version, being too small, and too expensive (because of the [[Chicken tax|25% tariff on imported trucks]]).<ref name="Smith 1995">{{Cite news |last=Smith |first=Steven Cole |date=June 12, 2020 |title=Tested: 1995 Toyota T100 Xtracab DX Inches Closer to Becoming a Real Full-Size Pickup |language=en-US |work=[[Car and Driver]] |url=https://www.caranddriver.com/reviews/a32783819/tested-1995-toyota-t100-xtracab-dx/ |access-date=July 20, 2021}}</ref> In 1995, Toyota added the more powerful V6 engine from the new Tacoma to the T100 and also added an extended cab version.<ref name="Smith 1995" /> In 1999, Toyota replaced the T100 with the larger [[Toyota Tundra|Tundra]], which would be built in the US with a V8 engine and styling that more closely matched other American full-size trucks.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Stone |first=Matt |title=2000 Toyota Tundra – Road Test & Review |language=en |work=[[Motor Trend]] |url=https://www.motortrend.com/reviews/2000-toyota-tundra-2/ |access-date=July 20, 2021}}</ref>

===Luxury vehicles===
{{See also|Lexus|Century (marque)}}
[[File:2018 Toyota Crown 2.0 RS.jpg|thumb|right|Toyota Crown RS (fifteenth generation, S220; 2018)]]

In the Japanese home market, Toyota has two flagship models: the [[Toyota Crown|Crown]] premium sedans and SUVs and the [[Toyota Century|Century]] limousine and SUV.

In the 1980s, Toyota wanted to expand its luxury car offerings but realized that existing Japanese-market flagship models had little global appeal and could not compete with established brands such as Mercedes-Benz, BMW and Jaguar or the [[Acura]] and [[Infiniti]] marquees being launched by Japanese competitors.

Before the decade was out, Toyota introduced Lexus, a new division that was formed to market and service luxury vehicles in markets outside of Japan. The company developed the brand and its vehicles in secret since August 1983, at a cost of over US$1 billion.{{sfn|Dawson|2004|page=4}}{{sfn|May|2006}} The [[Lexus LS#XF10|Lexus LS]] flagship full-size sedan debuted in 1989 to strong sales, and was largely responsible for the successful launch of the Lexus marque. Subsequently, the division added [[Sedan (car)|sedan]], [[coupé]], [[Convertible (car)|convertible]] and [[Sport utility vehicle|SUV]] models.

The Lexus brand was introduced to the Japanese market in 2005, previously all vehicles marketed internationally as Lexus from 1989 to 2005 were released in Japan under the Toyota marque.

The Century brand was spun off in 2025.

===Buses===
{{unsourced section|date=December 2023}}

The [[Toyota Coaster]] is a [[minibus]] introduced in 1969 that seats 17 passengers. The Coaster is widely used in Japan, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Australia, but also in the developing world for minibus operators in Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, the Caribbean, and South America to operate as public transportation. The [[Toyota HiAce]] is also sometimes used as a minibus.

==Technology==
===Hybrid electric vehicles===
{{Main|Toyota hybrid vehicles}}{{see also|Hybrid Synergy Drive|Toyota Prius}}
[[File:2023 Toyota Prius Limited AWD in Cutting Edge Silver, Front Right, 07-04-2023.jpg|thumb|The Toyota Prius, flagship of Toyota's hybrid technology, is the world's best-selling hybrid car.]]

Toyota is the world's leader in sales of [[Toyota hybrid vehicles|hybrid electric vehicles]], one of the largest companies to encourage the mass-market adoption of hybrid vehicles across the globe, and the first to commercially mass-produce and sell such vehicles, with the introduction of the [[Toyota Prius (XW10)|XW10]] [[Toyota Prius]] in 1997.<ref name="TMC9miHEVs">{{Cite press release |title=Worldwide Sales of Toyota Hybrids Surpass 9 Million Units |date=May 20, 2016 |publisher=Toyota |location=[[Toyota City, Japan]] |url=http://newsroom.toyota.co.jp/en/detail/12077091/ |access-date=May 22, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160523092028/http://newsroom.toyota.co.jp/en/detail/12077091 |archive-date=May 23, 2016}}</ref><ref name="HEVleader">{{Cite web |last=Klippenstein |first=Matthew |date=August 22, 2013 |title=Does Toyota's Hybrid Leadership Blind It To Electric Cars? |url=http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1086374_does-toyotas-hybrid-leadership-blind-it-to-electric-cars |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160515175040/http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1086374_does-toyotas-hybrid-leadership-blind-it-to-electric-cars |archive-date=May 15, 2016 |access-date=May 22, 2016 |publisher=Green Car Reports}}</ref> The company's hybrid technology is called [[Hybrid Synergy Drive]], and it was later applied to many vehicles in Toyota's product lineup, starting first with the [[Toyota Camry Hybrid|Camry]] and the technology was also brought to the luxury [[Lexus]] division.

{{As of|2020|01}}, Toyota Motor Corporation sells 44 Toyota and Lexus hybrid passenger car models in over 90 countries and regions around the world, and the carmaker has sold over 15 million hybrid vehicles since 1997.<ref name="TMC10miHEVs">{{Cite press release |title=Worldwide Sales of Toyota Hybrids Surpass 10 Million Units |date=January 14, 2017 |publisher=Toyota Europe |location=[[Toyota City, Japan]] |url=http://newsroom.toyota.eu/global-sales-of-toyota-hybrids-reach-10-million/ |access-date=January 15, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216123452/http://newsroom.toyota.eu/global-sales-of-toyota-hybrids-reach-10-million/ |archive-date=February 16, 2017}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=December 2023}} The [[Prius family]] is the world's top-selling hybrid gasoline-electric vehicle [[nameplate]] with almost 4 million units sold worldwide as of January 2017.<ref name="TMC10miHEVs" />{{primary source inline|date=December 2023}}

===Hydrogen fuel-cell===
{{primary|section|date=December 2023}}
{{See also|Toyota Mirai}}
[[File:Toyota Mirai (JPD20) IMG 5303.jpg|thumb|The Toyota Mirai fuel-cell vehicle]]
[[File:Tobus_Toyota_SORA_Fuel_Cell_Buses_at_Fukagawa_Dept_01.jpg|thumb|The [[Toyota FCHV#SORA|Toyota SORA]] fuel-cell bus]]

In 2002, Toyota began a development and demonstration program to test the [[Toyota FCHV]], a [[hybrid vehicle|hybrid]] [[hydrogen vehicle|hydrogen]] [[fuel cell vehicle|fuel cell]] vehicle based on the [[Toyota Highlander]] production [[SUV]]. Toyota also built a FCHV bus based on the [[Hino Blue Ribbon City]] low-floor bus.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Toyota FCHV Fact Sheet |date=September 11, 2008 |publisher=Toyota USA |url=http://pressroom.toyota.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=2388 |access-date=January 13, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023113648/http://pressroom.toyota.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=2388 |archive-date=October 23, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite press release |title=Toyota to Begin Leasing Advanced Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicle |date=August 29, 2008 |publisher=Toyota Japan |url=http://www2.toyota.co.jp/en/news/08/0829.html |access-date=January 13, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425203847/http://www2.toyota.co.jp/en/news/08/0829.html |archive-date=April 25, 2013}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=December 2023}} Toyota has built several prototypes/concepts of the FCHV since 1997, including the [[Toyota FCHV-1]], [[Toyota FCHV-2|FCHV-2]], [[Toyota FCHV-3|FCHV-3]], [[Toyota FCHV-4|FCHV-4]], and [[Toyota FCHV-adv]]. The [[Toyota FCV-R]] fuel cell concept car was unveiled at the 2011 [[Tokyo Motor Show]]. The FCV-R sedan seats four and has a [[fuel cell]] stack including a 70 MPa high-pressure hydrogen tank, which can deliver a range of {{Convert|435|mi|abbr=on}} under the [[Japanese JC08 test|Japanese JC08 test cycle]]. Toyota said the car was planned for launch in about 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Zach |last=Bowman |date=November 30, 2011 |title=Toyota FCV-R Concept is otherworldly |url=http://www.autoblog.com/2011/11/30/toyota-fcv-r-concept-tokyo-2011/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017020813/http://www.autoblog.com/2011/11/30/toyota-fcv-r-concept-tokyo-2011/ |archive-date=October 17, 2012 |access-date=April 20, 2013 |publisher=[[Autoblog]]}}</ref>

In August 2012, Toyota announced its plans to start retail sales of a hydrogen fuel-cell [[Sedan (automobile)|sedan]] in California in 2015. Toyota expects to become a leader in this technology.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Alisa |last=Priddle |date=March 17, 2013 |title=Toyota to start selling hydrogen fuel-cell car in 2015 |work=[[USA Today]] |url=http://content.usatoday.com/communities/driveon/post/2012/08/toyota-to-start-selling-hydrogen-fuel-cell-car-in-2015/1#.UXK8KLWG18E |url-status=live |access-date=August 8, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120811072719/http://content.usatoday.com/communities/driveon/post/2012/08/toyota-to-start-selling-hydrogen-fuel-cell-car-in-2015/1#.UXK8KLWG18E |archive-date=August 11, 2012}}</ref> The [[prototype]] of its first hydrogen fuel cell vehicle will be exhibited at the November 2013 [[Tokyo Motor Show#2013|Tokyo Motor Show]], and in the United States at the January 2014 [[Consumer Electronics Show]].<ref name="Forbers082013">{{Cite news |first=Joann |last=Muller |date=August 29, 2013 |title=Toyota Unveils Plans For 15 New Or Improved Hybrids (It Already Has 23) |work=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/joannmuller/2013/08/29/toyota-flexes-its-muscles-with-plans-for-new-wave-of-hybrids/ |url-status=live |access-date=August 31, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006091307/http://www.forbes.com/sites/joannmuller/2013/08/29/toyota-flexes-its-muscles-with-plans-for-new-wave-of-hybrids/ |archive-date=October 6, 2014}}</ref>

Toyota's first hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles to be sold commercially, the Toyota Mirai (Japanese for "future"), was unveiled at the November [[Los Angeles Auto Show#2014|2014 Los Angeles Auto Show]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Millikin |first=Mike |date=November 17, 2014 |title=Akio Toyoda announces name of Toyota's new fuel cell sedan in web video: Mirai |url=http://www.greencarcongress.com/2014/11/20141117-mirai.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141117153214/http://www.greencarcongress.com/2014/11/20141117-mirai.html |archive-date=November 17, 2014 |access-date=November 17, 2014 |publisher=Green Car Congress}}</ref> In January 2015, it was announced that production of the Mirai fuel cell vehicle would increase from 700 units in 2015 to approximately 2,000 in 2016 and 3,000 in 2017.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Toyota Mirai production to be increased |date=January 22, 2015 |publisher=Toyota |location=UK |url=http://blog.toyota.co.uk/toyota-mirai-production-increased |access-date=February 11, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904024627/http://blog.toyota.co.uk/toyota-mirai-production-increased |archive-date=September 4, 2015}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=December 2023}} Sales in Japan began in December 2014.<ref name="JapPrice">{{Cite news |first=Ken |last=Moritsugu |date=November 18, 2014 |title=Toyota to start sales of fuel cell car next month |publisher=Fox News Chicago |agency=Associated Press |url=http://www.myfoxchicago.com/story/27410215/toyota-to-launch-fuel-cell-car-next-month |url-status=dead |access-date=November 19, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129040514/http://www.myfoxchicago.com/story/27410215/toyota-to-launch-fuel-cell-car-next-month |archive-date=November 29, 2014}}</ref> Retail sales in the U.S. began in August 2015, initially only in California.<ref name="GCR112014">{{Cite web |first=John |last=Voelcker |date=November 18, 2014 |title=2016 Toyota Mirai Priced At $57,500, With $499 Monthly Lease |url=http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1095511_2016-toyota-mirai-priced-at-57500-with-499-monthly-lease |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141118233932/http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1095511_2016-toyota-mirai-priced-at-57500-with-499-monthly-lease |archive-date=November 18, 2014 |access-date=November 19, 2014 |publisher=Green Car Reports}}</ref><ref name="HC112014">{{Cite web |first=Jeff |last=Cobb |date=November 17, 2014 |title=Toyota Mirai To Be Priced From $57,500 |url=http://www.hybridcars.com/toyota-mirai-to-be-priced-from-57500/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141120231445/http://www.hybridcars.com/toyota-mirai-to-be-priced-from-57500/ |archive-date=November 20, 2014 |access-date=November 19, 2014 |publisher=HybridCars.com}}</ref> The market release in Europe is slated for September 2015, and initially will be available only in the UK, Germany, and Denmark, followed by other countries in 2017.<ref name="ToyotaEU">{{Cite press release |title=Toyota Ushers In The Future With Launch Of 'Mirai' Fuel Cell Sedan |date=November 1, 2014 |publisher=Toyota |location=Europe |url=http://newsroom.toyota.eu/pressrelease/4124//toyota-ushers-future-launch-mirai-fuel-cell-sedan |access-date=November 18, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20141205173620/http://newsroom.toyota.eu/pressrelease/4124//toyota-ushers-future-launch-mirai-fuel-cell-sedan |archive-date=December 5, 2014}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=December 2023}}

In 2015, Toyota released 5,600 patents for free use until 2020, hoping to promote global development of hydrogen fuel-cell technology.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nelson |first=Gabe |date=January 5, 2015 |title=Toyota opens up 5,600 hydrogen-related patents to advance fuel cell technology |work=Autoweek |location=US |url=http://autoweek.com/article/car-news/toyota-opens-5600-hydrogen-patents-advance-fuel-cell-technology |url-status=live |access-date=April 28, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430083108/http://autoweek.com/article/car-news/toyota-opens-5600-hydrogen-patents-advance-fuel-cell-technology |archive-date=April 30, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Hasegawa |first1=Takahiko |title=SAE Technical Paper Series |last2=Imanishi |first2=Hiroyuki |last3=Nada |first3=Mitsuhiro |last4=Ikogi |first4=Yoshihiro |date=April 5, 2016 |publisher=SAE |volume=1 |location=US |chapter=Development of the Fuel Cell System in the Mirai FCV |article-number=2016-01-1185 |doi=10.4271/2016-01-1185 |access-date=April 28, 2016 |chapter-url=http://papers.sae.org/2016-01-1185/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428015117/http://papers.sae.org/2016-01-1185/ |archive-date=April 28, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Mizutani |first1=Nobuaki |title=SAE Technical Paper Series |last2=Ishibashi |first2=Kazunobu |date=April 5, 2016 |publisher=SAE |volume=1 |location=US |chapter=Enhancing PtCo Electrode Catalyst Performance for Fuel Cell Vehicle Application |article-number=2016-01-1187 |doi=10.4271/2016-01-1187 |access-date=April 28, 2016 |chapter-url=http://papers.sae.org/2016-01-1187/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428021326/http://papers.sae.org/2016-01-1187/ |archive-date=April 28, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kato |first=Hisao |date=April 5, 2016 |title=In-Situ Liquid TEM Study on the Degradation Mechanism of Fuel Cell Catalysts |url=http://papers.sae.org/2016-01-1192/ |url-status=live |journal=SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains |location=US |publisher=SAE |volume=5 |pages=189–194 |article-number=2016-01-1192 |doi=10.4271/2016-01-1192 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428020720/http://papers.sae.org/2016-01-1192/ |archive-date=April 28, 2016 |access-date=April 28, 2016|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Since the mid-2010s, Toyota has increased its focus on building hydrogen powered trucks. It first showcased a heavy-duty semi-truck tractor in 2017<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Stewart |first=Jack |title=Toyota Insists Hydrogen Is Still a Great Idea, Will Now Use It to Power Trucks |language=en-US |magazine=Wired |url=https://www.wired.com/2017/04/toyotas-still-serious-hydrogen-built-semi-prove/ |access-date=July 27, 2023 |issn=1059-1028}}</ref> and in 2023 announced a kit to convert existing diesel-powered truck engines to use hydrogen.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gastelu |first=Gary |date=May 1, 2023 |title=Toyota can turn diesel semis into hydrogen-powered big rigs now |url=https://www.foxnews.com/auto/toyota-diesel-semis-hydrogen-powered-big-rigs |access-date=July 27, 2023 |website=Fox News |language=en-US}}</ref> In late 2022, the company signed an {{£|11.3 million|link=yes}} government deal with the UK's Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy to help it develop a hydrogen-powered Hilux pickup truck.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-derbyshire-63827102 | title=Toyota in £11.3m government deal to develop hydrogen pickup trucks | date=December 2, 2022 | publisher=BBC News |access-date=December 2, 2022}}</ref>

===Plug-in hybrids===
{{Main|Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid|Toyota RAV4 Prime}}
[[File:Toyota Prius Prime WAS 2017 1584.jpg|thumb|Second-generation Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid]]

The Prius Plug-In Hybrid Concept was exhibited in late 2009, and shortly after, a global demonstration program involving 600 [[Pre-production car|pre-production test cars]] began. The vehicles were leased to fleet and government customers, and were equipped with data tracking devices to allow Toyota to monitor the car's performance. The vehicle was based on the [[Toyota Prius (XW30)|third-generation Toyota Prius]] and outfitted with two additional [[Lithium-ion battery|lithium-ion batteries]] beyond the normal hybrid battery pack.<ref name="AutoBlog092">{{Cite web |last=Abuelsamid |first=Sam |date=December 14, 2009 |title=Toyota officially launches plug-in Prius program, retail sales in 2011 |url=http://green.autoblog.com/2009/12/14/toyota-officially-launches-plug-in-prius-program-retail-sales-i/ |access-date=December 22, 2009 |publisher=[[Autoblog Green]]}}</ref> The additional batteries were used to operate the car with minimal use of the [[internal combustion engine]] until they are depleted, at which point they are disengaged from the system. They are not used in tandem with the main hybrid battery pack.

After the conclusion of the demonstration program, the production version of the [[Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid|Prius Plug-in Hybrid]] was unveiled in September 2011. The production Prius Plug-in had a maximum electric-only speed of {{convert|62|mph|km/h|0|abbr=on|order=flip}}, and the [[United States Environmental Protection Agency]] (EPA) rated the vehicle as having a range of {{convert|11|mi|km|0|abbr=|order=flip}} in [[blended mode]] (mostly electric, but supplemented by the internal combustion engine).<ref name="EPArating">{{Cite web |last=Toyota News Release |date=February 28, 2012 |title=Prius Plug-In eligibile for a $1,500 California consumer incentive plus $2,500 Federal tax credit |url=http://www.greencarcongress.com/2012/02/prius-20120228.html |access-date=February 29, 2012 |publisher=Green Car Congress}}</ref> Toyota ultimately only did a small production run with 75,400 vehicles being produced between 2012 and 2016.<ref name="1genEnd2">{{Cite web |first=Brad |last=Berman |date=May 1, 2015 |title=Toyota Halts Production of Prius Plug-in Hybrid Until Late 2016 |url=http://www.plugincars.com/toyota-stops-production-current-prius-plug-hybrid-130691.html |access-date=June 20, 2015 |publisher=Plugincars.com}}</ref>

The second-generation Prius Plug-in (renamed the Prius Prime in the US) was unveiled in early 2016.<ref name="PriusPrime23">{{Cite news |last=Undercoffler |first=David |date=March 23, 2016 |title=Toyota looks to boost Prius with all-new plug-in Prime |work=[[Automotive News]] |url=http://www.autonews.com/article/20160323/OEM04/303239954/toyota-looks-to-boost-prius-with-all-new-plug-in-prime |access-date=March 24, 2016}}</ref> Unlike the prior generation, where the plug-in battery was limited by being added to the existing Prius, this model would be developed in tandem with the [[Toyota Prius (XW50)|fourth-generation Prius]], allowing Toyota to increase the range to {{convert|25|mi|km|0|abbr=|order=flip}}, with a top speed of {{convert|84|mph|km/h|0|abbr=on|order=flip}}, without needing the assistance of the internal combustion engine.<ref name="PriusPrime12">{{Cite news |last=Blanco |first=Sebastian |date=March 23, 2016 |title=Toyota Prius Prime plugs in with 22 EV miles |work=Autoblog.com |url=http://www.autoblog.com/2016/03/23/toyota-prius-prime-new-york-official/ |access-date=March 24, 2016}}</ref> The second-generation Prius Plug-in went on sale starting in late 2016, with Toyota expecting to sell up to 60,000 units globally per year.<ref name="JapanPHV2">{{Cite news |last=Tajitsu |first=Naomi |date=February 15, 2017 |title=Toyota sees plug-in hybrids catching on faster than conventional hybrids |publisher=Automotive News |agency=[[Reuters]]|url=http://www.autonews.com/article/20170215/OEM05/170219908/toyota-sees-plug-in-hybrids-catching-on-faster-than-conventional |access-date=February 19, 2017}} ''Around 75,000 first generation Prius plug-ins have been sold since its launch in 2012.''</ref>

A second plug-in hybrid model, the Toyota RAV4 PHV (RAV4 Prime in the US) was unveiled in December 2019. The vehicle has an EPA-estimated {{convert|42|mi|km|0|abbr=|order=flip}} of all-electric range and generates a combined {{Convert|302|hp|order=flip}}, enabling it to be Toyota's second fastest car currently in production (behind the GR Supra 3.0 sports car).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Beard |first=David |date=July 2, 2020 |title=Tested: 2021 Toyota RAV4 Prime Is Quicker Than Supra 2.0 |url=https://www.caranddriver.com/reviews/a33028735/2021-toyota-rav4-prime-xse-by-the-numbers/ |access-date=July 28, 2021 |website=Car and Driver |language=en-US}}</ref> Sales started in mid-2020.

===Battery electric vehicles===
[[File:2022 Hakone Ekiden Headquarter car bZ4X (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Toyota bZ4X]]]]

Toyota has been criticized for being slow to add [[battery electric vehicles]] to its lineup. It has been publicly skeptical of battery-electric vehicles, instead focusing on hybrid and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles,<ref name="WP0912" /> and actively lobbying against government mandates to transition to [[zero-emissions vehicle]]s.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tabuchi |first=Hiroko |author-link=Hiroko Tabuchi |date=July 25, 2021 |title=Toyota Led on Clean Cars. Now Critics Say It Works to Delay Them. |language=en-US |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/25/climate/toyota-electric-hydrogen.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/25/climate/toyota-electric-hydrogen.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |url-access=limited |access-date=July 27, 2021 |issn=0362-4331}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

{{As of|2023}}, only a small proportion of the vehicles the company sells are of battery electric, which has prompted criticism by some environmental and public interest groups.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.citizen.org/news/biden-administration-must-push-toyota-to-make-stronger-public-commitment-on-evs/ |title=Biden Administration Must Push Toyota to Make Stronger Public Commitment on EVs |work=Public Citizen |location=US |date=May 8, 2023 |access-date=June 24, 2023}}</ref><ref name="Bloomberg-2023-01-06">{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2023-01-06/toyota-nissan-risk-status-loss-as-tesla-vw-byd-top-global-electric-car-market |title=The World's Love Affair With Japanese Cars Is Souring |first1=Bruce |last1=Einhorn |first2=Nao |last2=Sano |work=[[Bloomberg News|Bloomberg]]|location=US |date=January 6, 2023 |access-date=June 24, 2023}}</ref> The company plans to increase its sales of electric vehicles to 3.5 million per year by 2030.<ref name="Kyodo News 2021" /> However, the company has stated that it believes other technologies, including hybrid and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, will continue to play a role in the future of the company.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 21, 2020 |title=Toyota doubles down on hydrogen with a new mirai and commercial trucks |url=https://www.autoweek.com/news/green-cars/a35026252/toyota-hydrogen/ |website=www.autoweek.com |publisher=Autoweek |access-date=June 26, 2021 |archive-date=June 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626222357/https://www.autoweek.com/news/green-cars/a35026252/toyota-hydrogen/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 24, 2016 |title=Toyota doubles down on hybrids despite china's subsidies snub |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-04-24/toyota-doubling-down-on-hybrids-despite-china-s-subsidies-snub |website=www.bloomberg.com |publisher=[[Bloomberg News|Bloomberg]]}}</ref>

Toyota created the first generation [[Toyota RAV4 EV]] (Electric Vehicle) as a [[compliance car]] after the [[California Air Resources Board]] mandated in the late 1990s that every automaker offer a zero-emissions vehicle.<ref name="NYT0710">{{Cite news |first=Jim |last=Motavalli |date=July 16, 2010 |title=Toyota and Tesla Plan an Electric RAV4 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=http://wheels.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/07/16/toyota-and-tesla-plan-an-electric-rav4/ |url-status=live |access-date=July 18, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100718163726/http://wheels.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/07/16/toyota-and-tesla-plan-an-electric-rav4/ |archive-date=July 18, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Toyota Concept Vehicles-- RAV4 EV |url=http://www.toyota.com/concept-vehicles/rav4ev.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120123133646/http://www.toyota.com/concept-vehicles/rav4ev.html |archive-date=January 23, 2012 |access-date=January 22, 2012 |publisher=Toyota USA}}</ref> A total of 1,484 were leased and/or sold in California from 1997 to 2003, when the state dropped its mandate under legal pressure from lawsuits filed by automakers.<ref name="Boschert06">{{Cite book |last=[[Sherry Boschert]] |url=https://archive.org/details/pluginhybridscar00bosc |title=Plug-in Hybrids: The Cars that will Recharge America |publisher=New Society Publishers, Gabriola Island, Canada |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-86571-571-4 |access-date=September 7, 2019 |url-access=registration |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081231172303/http://www.sherryboschert.com/plugin_and_more.html |archive-date=December 31, 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref>

A second generation of the RAV4 EV was developed in 2010 as part of a deal with [[Tesla, Inc.|Tesla]]. The production version was unveiled in August 2012, using battery pack, electronics and powertrain components from Tesla.<ref name="Toyota Telsa">{{Cite web |date=August 10, 2012 |title=Toyota RAV4 EV key for meeting California ZEV requirements; Tesla powertrain uses Model S components |url=http://www.greencarcongress.com/2012/08/rav4ev-20120803.html |access-date=August 4, 2012 |website=Green Car Congress}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=White|first=Addison|date=July 30, 2020|title=Toyota Once Partnered With Tesla to Make a Disappointing Electric RAV4|url=https://www.motorbiscuit.com/toyota-once-partnered-with-tesla-to-make-a-disappointing-electric-rav4/|access-date=October 31, 2021|website=MotorBiscuit|language=en-US}}</ref> The RAV4 EV had a limited production run with just under 3,000 vehicles being produced, before it was discontinued in 2014.<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 29, 2014 |title=Toyota Wraps Up Production of RAV4 EV |language=en |work=PluginCars.com |url=http://www.plugincars.com/toyota-wraps-production-rav4-ev-130150.html |access-date=August 28, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=April 3, 2018 |title=Don't look for a Toyota RAV4 EV successor anytime soon |language=en |work=Roadshow |url=https://www.cnet.com/roadshow/news/toyota-rav4-ev-sounds-unlikely-hybrid-double-down/ |access-date=August 28, 2018}}</ref> According to Bloomberg News, the partnership between Tesla and Toyota was "marred by clashes between engineers".<ref name="Trudell & Ohnsman 2014">{{Cite news |last1=Trudell |first1=Craig |last2=Ohnsman |first2=Alan |date=August 7, 2014 |title=Why the Tesla-Toyota Partnership Short-Circuited |language=en |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-08-07/tesla-toyota-deal-to-develop-electric-suv-fizzles |access-date=July 28, 2021}}</ref>

Starting in 2009, Toyota introduced three generations of concept electric vehicles called the [[FT-EV]] built on a modified [[Toyota iQ]] platform. In late-2012, the company announced plans to build a production version of the car called the [[Toyota iQ EV]] (Scion iQ EV in the US, Toyota eQ in Japan),<ref name="iQEV">{{Cite web |date=July 1, 2011 |title=Toyota officially confirms 2012 launch of electric Scion iQ |url=http://www.autoblog.com/2011/07/01/toyota-officially-confirms-2012-launch-of-electric-scion-iq/?a_dgi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023200336/http://www.autoblog.com/2011/07/01/toyota-officially-confirms-2012-launch-of-electric-scion-iq/?a_dgi |archive-date=October 23, 2012 |access-date=July 15, 2011 |publisher=[[Autoblog]]}}</ref> but ultimately production was cut back to 100 cars for special fleet use in Japan and the U.S. only.<ref name="WP0912">{{Cite news |date=September 24, 2012 |title=Toyota beefs up green vehicles, plans electric car for this year, fuel cell vehicle by 2015 |work=[[Toledo Blade]] |agency=Associated Press |url=http://www.toledoblade.com/Automotive/2012/09/24/Toyota-beefs-up-green-vehicles-plans-electric-car-for-this-year-fuel-cell-vehicle-by-2015.html |url-status=live |access-date=June 20, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302175523/http://www.toledoblade.com/Automotive/2012/09/24/Toyota-beefs-up-green-vehicles-plans-electric-car-for-this-year-fuel-cell-vehicle-by-2015.html |archive-date=March 2, 2017}}</ref>

In late 2012, Toyota announced that it would back away from fully electric vehicles, after producing less than 5,000. At the time, the company's vice chairman, Takeshi Uchiyamada, said: "''The current capabilities of electric vehicles do not meet society's needs, whether it may be the distance the cars can run, or the costs, or how it takes a long time to charge''."

A shift in Toyota's formerly battery-agnostic posture could be seen as early as 2016, when Toyota's CFO Takahiko Ijichi "sent a strong signal that Toyota soon plans to jump on the battery bandwagon and make electric cars despite expressing skeptical views about their range and charging times," as the Wall Street Journal wrote.<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 9, 2016 |title= Toyota Looks to Electric Cars as Stronger Yen Dents Profits |url= https://www.wsj.com/articles/toyota-profit-falls-on-strong-yen-weak-u-s-sales-1478586115?mod=pls_whats_news_us_business_f|author = Sean McLain |newspaper= [[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref> Toyota said it would make and sell battery-electric vehicles if and where regulations and markets demand.

A year later, Toyota outlined its electric-vehicle plans for between 2020 and 2030 to the press in Tokyo, saying it would introduce ''"more than 10"'' battery-electric vehicles worldwide by the early 2020s, beginning in China, and later in Japan, Europe, the US and India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 18, 2017 |title= Toyota to introduce 10 electric cars by mid-2020s |url= https://www.cnet.com/roadshow/news/toyota-to-introduce-10-electric-cars-by-mid-2020s/|author = Andrew Krok }}</ref>

In April 2019, Toyota introduced the [[Toyota C-HR EV|C-HR EV]], its first mass-produced pure electric model in China along with an identical twin called the IZOA EV.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Toyota Premieres Toyota-brand Battery Electric Vehicles Ahead of 2020 China Launch |url=https://global.toyota/en/newsroom/toyota/27769546.html |access-date=October 31, 2021 |publisher=Toyota}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=December 2023}} It went on sale in April 2020 and May 2020 respectively. Nikkei reported in October 2020 that Toyota had only sold less than 2,000 units in the first eight months of the year.<ref>{{Cite web|date=July 6, 2021|title=Toyota C-HR Electric fails to excite customers in China|url=https://electricvehicleweb.com/toyota-c-hr-electric-first-photos/|access-date=October 31, 2021|website=ElectricVehicleWeb|language=en-US}}</ref>

Toyota introduced the [[Toyota C+pod|C+pod]] in late 2020, a 2-seater [[kei car]] with an estimated range of {{Convert|100|km}} and a top speed of {{Convert|60|km/h}}.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Padeanu |first=Adrian |date=October 17, 2019 |title=Toyota Reveals Tiny Production EV Ahead Of Late 2020 Launch |url=https://www.motor1.com/news/376824/toyota-ultra-compact-bev-revealed/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018115127/https://www.motor1.com/news/376824/toyota-ultra-compact-bev-revealed/ |archive-date=October 18, 2019 |access-date=October 17, 2019 |website=[[Motorsport Network#Motor1.com|Motor1.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Szymkowski |first=Sean |date=October 17, 2019 |title=Teeny-weeny Toyota electric city car will hit Japanese streets next year |url=https://www.cnet.com/roadshow/news/toyota-electric-city-car-japan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018115148/https://www.cnet.com/roadshow/news/toyota-electric-city-car-japan/ |archive-date=October 18, 2019 |access-date=October 17, 2019 |website=[[CNET|Roadshow]]}}</ref>

In December 2020, Toyota CEO Akio Toyoda stated that electric cars are excessively "hyped" and that, in Japan, they would not necessarily reduce carbon dioxide emissions since electricity is mostly generated by burning coal and natural gas in the country. He also said that the infrastructure needed for Japan to switch fully to EVs would cost between $135 billion and $358 billion and switching only to EVs would cost millions of jobs and make cars less affordable.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 17, 2020 |title=Toyota's chief says electric vehicles are overhyped |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/toyotas-chief-says-electric-vehicles-are-overhyped-11608196665 |website=www.wsj.com |publisher=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref>

In April 2021, Toyota revealed the [[Toyota bZ4X|bZ4X]], an electric crossover SUV that will be the first vehicle built on a dedicated electric platform called [[Toyota New Global Architecture#e-TNGA|e-TNGA]] when it goes on sale in mid-2022.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Toyota announces its new BEV series, Toyota bZ, in establishment of a full line-up of electrified vehicles |url=https://global.toyota/en/newsroom/toyota/35083987.html |access-date=April 19, 2021 |publisher=Toyota}}</ref> It is the first model of the [[Toyota bZ series|bZ]] ("beyond Zero") series of battery electric vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gauthier |first=Michael |date=April 19, 2021 |title=Toyota's bZ4X Concept Previews An Electric SUV Coming In 2022 |url=https://www.carscoops.com/2021/04/toyotas-bz4x-concept-previews-an-electric-crossover-coming-in-2022/ |access-date=April 19, 2021 |website=Carscoops}}</ref> The company has also stated that there will be seven "bZ" models to be launched globally out of 15 BEV models by 2025.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Toyota Reveals Global Electrification Strategy in Shanghai |url=https://toyota.pressroom.com.au/press_release_detail.asp?clientID=2&prID=45748&navSectionID=2 |access-date=April 19, 2021 |publisher=Toyota |location=Australia |archive-date=April 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419042235/https://toyota.pressroom.com.au/press_release_detail.asp?clientID=2&prID=45748&navSectionID=2 |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=December 2023}}

In June 2021, Transport & Environment ranked Toyota as the least ready OEM to transition to battery electric vehicles by 2030, stating: "Toyota has not set a target for 2030 and it plans to produce just 10% BEVs in 2025. It is expected to rely on polluting hybrid technologies."<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 16, 2021 |title=Volvo and VW the only European carmakers on track to electrify on time – study |url=https://www.transportenvironment.org/press/volvo-and-vw-only-european-carmakers-track-electrify-time-study |website=www.transportenvironment.com |publisher=Transport & Environment |access-date=June 26, 2021 |archive-date=June 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626222348/https://www.transportenvironment.org/press/volvo-and-vw-only-european-carmakers-track-electrify-time-study |url-status=dead }}</ref>

[[File:Toyota CEO Akio Toyoda announces major shift in the company's BEV plans.png|thumb|[[Akio Toyoda]] shows prototypes of 15 BEVs during Toyota's briefing on BEV strategies in December 2021.]]

In December 2021, Toyota announced in Tokyo plans for 30 battery-electric models by 2030, to sell 3.5 million BEVs per year by that date, and that its premium-brand Lexus will be 100% battery-operated by 2030 in North America, Europe, and China. The company announced investments of $70 billion into the company's electrification.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 15, 2021 |title= Toyota commits $70 bln to bolster electrification, shares rally |url= https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/toyota-says-have-30-battery-electric-line-up-vehicles-by-2030-2021-12-14//|author = Tim Kelly |website= [[Reuters]] }}</ref>

In a session in parallel with the G-7 Meeting 2023 May, Akio Toyoda said that battery electric vehicles are not solely the future, instead offering a mix of battery electric, internal combustion engine-equipped and hydrogen cars.<ref name="Bloomberg-2023-01-06"/>

Toyota has been developing [[Solid-state battery|solid-state batteries]] in partnership with [[Panasonic]], in which the company has more than a thousand patents covering solid-state batteries by late 2020.<ref name="motortrend.com">{{Cite web|date=September 8, 2021|title=Toyota's Already Testing Its Solid-State Battery Tech on Public Roads|url=https://www.motortrend.com/news/toyota-battery-bev-hev-solid-state-future-investment/|access-date=October 31, 2021|website=MotorTrend|language=en}}</ref> The technology has been implemented on the Toyota LQ concept. Toyota hopes the technology could increase efficiency of battery electric vehicles by 30 percent, which in turn would reduce battery costs by the same amount.<ref name="motortrend.com"/>

===Autonomous vehicles===
{{Main|Woven by Toyota, Inc.}}
[[File:Toyota e-Palette.jpg|right|thumb|Toyota e-Palette]]

Toyota is also regarded as lagging when it comes to developing [[Self-driving car|smart car technology]].<ref name="Bloomberg 2018">{{Cite web |date=September 19, 2018 |title=Toyota's Vision of Autonomous Cars Is Not Exactly Driverless – Bloomberg |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2018-09-19/toyota-s-vision-of-autonomous-cars-is-not-exactly-driverless |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190117232533/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2018-09-19/toyota-s-vision-of-autonomous-cars-is-not-exactly-driverless |archive-date=January 17, 2019 |website=[[Bloomberg News|Bloomberg]]}}</ref> Although the company unveiled its first self-driving test vehicle in 2017, and has been developing its own self-driving technology named "Chauffeur" (intended for full self-driving) and "Guardian" (a driver assist system), neither of these has been introduced into any production vehicles.<ref>{{Cite news |date=March 3, 2017 |title=Toyota's billion-dollar AI research center has a new self-driving car |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/3/3/14803734/toyota-research-institute-self-driving-car-lexus |access-date=June 28, 2021}}</ref>

The company had set up a large research and development operation by 2018, spending almost US$4 billion to start an autonomous vehicle research institute in California's [[Silicon Valley]]<ref name="Bloomberg 2018" /> and another ¥300 billion on a similar research institute in Tokyo that would partner with fellow Toyota Group companies and automotive suppliers [[Aisin Seiki]] and [[Denso]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2, 2018 |title=Toyota starts a new $2.8 billion company to develop self-driving software |url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/2/17070828/toyota-research-institute-tri-ad-tokyo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190117122318/https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/2/17070828/toyota-research-institute-tri-ad-tokyo |archive-date=January 17, 2019 |website=[[The Verge]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 3, 2018 |title=Toyota Is Launching a $2.8 Billion Self-Driving Car Company |url=https://futurism.com/toyota-self-driving-car-company |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190117122337/https://futurism.com/toyota-self-driving-car-company |archive-date=January 17, 2019 |website=Futurism}}</ref>

Toyota has also been collaborating with autonomous vehicle technology developers and, in some cases, purchasing the companies. Toyota has acquired the autonomous vehicle division of ride-hailing service [[Lyft]] for $550 million,<ref>{{Cite news |date=April 26, 2021 |title=Toyota is buying Lyft's autonomous car division for $550 million |publisher=[[The Verge]] |url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/4/26/22404406/toyota-lyft-autonomous-vehicle-acquisition-amount-deal |access-date=June 28, 2021}}</ref> invested a total of US$1 billion in competing ride-hailing service [[Uber]]'s self-driving vehicle division,<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 27, 2018 |title=Toyota to invest $500m in Uber in driverless car deal |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-45324753 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190117155525/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-45324753 |archive-date=January 17, 2019 |website=[[BBC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=August 28, 2018 |title=Toyota to invest $500m in Uber for self-driving car programme |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/aug/28/toyota-to-invest-500m-in-uber-for-self-driving-car-programme |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190117174233/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/aug/28/toyota-to-invest-500m-in-uber-for-self-driving-car-programme |archive-date=January 17, 2019 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> invested $400 million in autonomous vehicle technology company [[Pony.ai]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=February 25, 2020 |title=Toyota steers $400 million to self-driving startup Pony.ai |url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/2/25/21152817/toyota-pony-ai-self-driving-car-investment-valuation-china-silicon-valley |access-date=June 28, 2021}}</ref> and announced a partnership with Chinese electronics e-commerce company [[Cogobuy]] to build a "Smart Car Ecosystem."<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 16, 2019 |title=INGDAN.com Partners with Toyota to Build New Smart Car Ecosystem That Will Empower Technology Upgrades Across the Automotive Industry |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/PR-CO-20190116-906456 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328134236/https://www.wsj.com/articles/PR-CO-20190116-906456 |archive-date=March 28, 2019 |website=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref>

In December 2020, Toyota showcased the 20-passenger "e-Palette" [[Vehicular automation#Shared autonomous vehicles|shared autonomous vehicle]], which saw its first major use at the [[2020 Summer Olympics]] in [[Tokyo]].<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Akio Toyoda Visits the e-Palette Operation Support Team on the Opening Ceremony Day |url=https://toyotatimes.jp/en/insidetoyota/162.html |language=en |access-date=August 5, 2021 |website=TOYOTA TIMES}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Toyota Unveils Their e-Palette Self-Driving Shuttles |url=https://www.ubergizmo.com/2020/12/toyota-e-palette-self-driving-shuttle/ |access-date=June 28, 2021}}</ref> Toyota has announced it intends to have the vehicle available for commercial applications before 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |date=February 11, 2021 |title=Toyota e-Palette autonomous vehicles to be rolled out "within the next few years" |publisher=caradvice |url=https://www.caradvice.com.au/923460/toyota-e-palette-autonomous-vehicles-to-be-rolled-out-within-the-next-few-years/ |access-date=June 28, 2021}}</ref>

Since February 2021, Toyota has been building the "Woven City" which it calls a "175-acre high tech, sensor-laden metropolis" at the foot of [[Mount Fuji]]. When completed in 2024, the Woven City will be used to run tests on autonomous vehicles for deliveries, transport and mobile shops, with the city's residents participating in the living laboratory experiment.<ref>{{Cite news |title=A City Tailor-Made for Self-Driving Cars? Toyota Is Building One |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-04-26/a-city-tailor-made-for-self-driving-cars-toyota-is-building-one |access-date=June 14, 2021 |newspaper=[[Bloomberg News|Bloomberg]]|date=April 26, 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Poon |first=Linda |title=Can Toyota Turn Its Utopian Ideal Into a 'Real City'? |newspaper=[[Bloomberg News|Bloomberg]] |date=January 24, 2020 |url=https://www.citylab.com/life/2020/01/toyota-woven-city-smart-technology-cities-of-the-future/604741/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128122351/https://www.citylab.com/life/2020/01/toyota-woven-city-smart-technology-cities-of-the-future/604741/ |archive-date=January 28, 2020 |access-date=January 28, 2020 |publisher=City Lab}}</ref>

==Motorsports==
{{unsourced section|date=December 2023}}
{{Main|Toyota in motorsport}}
{{see also|Toyota Gazoo Racing|Toyota Racing Development}}
[[File:Toyota, Paris Motor Show 2018, Paris (1Y7A1780).jpg|right|thumb|The [[Toyota TS050 Hybrid]] that won the [[2018 24 Hours of Le Mans]], preserved with dirt from the race]]

Toyota has been involved in many global motorsports series, providing vehicles, engines and other auto parts under both the Toyota and Lexus brands.

[[Toyota Gazoo Racing]] (GR) is Toyota's performance brand that is used in many of the world's major motorsports contests. [[Toyota Gazoo Racing Europe]], based in [[Cologne]], Germany, competes in the [[FIA World Endurance Championship]], while the Finland-based [[Toyota Gazoo Racing WRT]] participates in the [[FIA World Rally Championship]]. [[Toyota Gazoo Racing SA|Toyota Gazoo Racing South Africa]] competes in the [[Dakar Rally]]. Between 2002 and 2009, the [[Toyota Racing (Formula One team)|Toyota Racing]] team competed in [[Formula One]]. Toyota won the highest class of the [[24 Hours of Le Mans]] 5 consecutive times from 2018 to 2022, competing with the [[Toyota TS050 Hybrid]] and [[Toyota GR010 Hybrid]].

[[Toyota Racing Development]] USA (TRD USA) is responsible for participation in major motorsports contests in the United States including [[NASCAR]], [[NHRA]], [[Indy Racing League]] and [[Formula Drift]].

Toyota also makes engines and other auto parts for other Japanese motorsports including [[Super Formula Championship|Super Formula]], [[Super GT]], [[Formula 3]], and [[Toyota Racing Series]].

== Financial services ==
[[File:TFS_Around_the_world.gif|alt=Toyota Financial Services global footprint|thumb|350x350px|Toyota Financial Services global footprint]]

The business known as '''Toyota Financial Services''' covers more than 30 countries and regions, including Japan. Financial services operations are coordinated by a wholly owned subsidiary of [[Toyota Motor Corporation]] (TMC), Toyota Financial Services Corporation (TFSC), which has overall responsibility for the financial services subsidiaries globally.{{cn|date=August 2025}}

The first TFS operation commenced in [[Sydney, Australia]], in 1982 as Toyota Finance Australia Limited and was soon followed by operations in the United States, Canada, Europe, Asia and [[Oceania]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Toyota Financial Services, India {{!}} Toyota Car Loans {{!}} History |url=https://www.toyotafinance.co.in/history/ |access-date=2025-12-30 |website=www.toyotafinance.co.in}}</ref>

TFS has constructed a global network that covers approximately 90% of the markets in which Toyota sells its vehicles. Mainly concentrated on auto loans, leases and Toyota dealer floorplan requirements, TFS provides auto sales financing to approximately 11.6 million customers, globally.<ref>{{cite web |title=Toyota Motor Corporation Form 20-F 2018 SEC Filing |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1094517/000119312518201591/d549954d20f.htm |access-date=27 November 2019}}</ref> Toyota Financial Service Corporation via its U.S. subsidiary "Toyota Motor Credit Corporation" owns Toyota Financial Savings Bank, an [[Industrial loan company|ILC]] chartered bank in Henderson, NV.

TFS offers its customers financial services that include auto sales financing, credit cards, retail sales of corporate bonds and investment trusts, and insurance.{{cn|date=August 2025}}

=== Kazakhstan ===
In Kazakhstan, as of July 2021, the company ranks second in terms of assets ({{currency|90.5 billion|KZT|linked=yes|passthrough=yes}}) among microfinance organizations in the country.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Анализ рынка МФО Казахстана от экспертов сервиса "Честное слово" |trans-title=Analysis of the MFI market in Kazakhstan from experts of the service "Honest Word" |url=https://4slovo.kz/blog/analiz_rynka_mfo_kazahstana/ |first=Maria |last=Agarkova |website=4slovo |year=2021 |access-date=2021-11-30}}</ref>

==Non-automotive activities==
===Aerospace===
Toyota is a minority shareholder in [[Mitsubishi Aircraft Corporation]], having invested {{USD|67.2&nbsp;million}} in the new venture which will produce the [[Mitsubishi Regional Jet]], slated for first deliveries in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Toyota to sink $67.2 mln in Mitsubishi passenger jet, China Economic Net, May 23, 2008 |url=http://en.ce.cn/World/biz/200805/23/t20080523_15587864.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518042359/http://en.ce.cn/World/biz/200805/23/t20080523_15587864.shtml |archive-date=May 18, 2011 |access-date=September 11, 2010 |publisher=En.ce.cn}}</ref> Toyota has also studied participation in the [[general aviation]] market and contracted with [[Scaled Composites]] to produce a [[proof of concept]] aircraft, the [[Toyota TAA-1|TAA-1]], in 2002.<ref>{{Cite press release |url=https://www.toyota.com/usa/our-story |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930165028/http://www.toyota.com/about/news/corporate/2002/06/21-1-aviation.html|url-status=dead|title=Our Story|archive-date=September 30, 2007|publisher=Toyota |location=US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MRJ Program Schedule Announcement |url=http://www.mrj-japan.com/press_releases/news_130822.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016044354/http://www.mrj-japan.com/press_releases/news_130822.html |archive-date=October 16, 2015 |access-date=May 25, 2015}}</ref>

===Pleasure boats===
In 1997, building on a previous partnership with [[Yamaha Motor Company|Yamaha Marine]], Toyota created "Toyota Marine",<ref>{{Cite web |title=Toyota Marine |url=http://www.toyota.co.jp/marine/enterprise/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926185722/http://www.toyota.co.jp/marine/enterprise/index.html |archive-date=September 26, 2017 |access-date=September 23, 2017 |website=Toyota Marine |publisher=Toyota Motor Corporation}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=December 2023}} building private ownership [[motorboat]]s, currently sold only in Japan. A small network in Japan sells the luxury craft at 54 locations, called the "Toyota Ponam" series, and in 2017, a boat was labeled under the Lexus brand name starting May 26, 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lexus pleasure boat introduced |date=May 26, 2017 |url=https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXLASDZ26I7Y_W7A520C1EA6000/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924044905/https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXLASDZ26I7Y_W7A520C1EA6000/ |archive-date=September 24, 2017 |access-date=September 23, 2017 |publisher=Nikkei Inc.}}</ref>

===Philanthropy===
{{primary|section|date=December 2023}}
[[File:Toyota museum 026.JPG|thumb|The Toyota Municipal Museum of Art in Aichi, sponsored by the manufacturer]]

Toyota works with nonprofits to improve their processes and operations such as the [[Food Bank For New York City]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Toyota: Supporting Our Communities &#124; Local Support |url=http://www.toyota.com/usa/community/local-support |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811100821/http://www.toyota.com/usa/community/local-support |archive-date=August 11, 2015 |access-date=August 7, 2015 |publisher=Toyota}}</ref><ref name="NYTimes20130726">{{Cite news |last=El-Naggar |first=Mona |date=July 26, 2013 |title=In Lieu of Money, Toyota Donates Efficiency to New York Charity |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/27/nyregion/in-lieu-of-money-toyota-donates-efficiency-to-new-york-charity.html?pagewanted=all |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731203500/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/27/nyregion/in-lieu-of-money-toyota-donates-efficiency-to-new-york-charity.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 |archive-date=July 31, 2013}}</ref>

===Robotics===
{{Main|Toyota Partner Robot}}
[[File:Toyota Robot at Toyota Kaikan.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|Toyota trumpet-playing robot]]

In 2004, Toyota showcased its trumpet-playing robot.<ref>{{Cite news |date=March 11, 2004 |title=Technology &#124; Robot trumpets Toyota's know-how |work=[[BBC News]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/3501336.stm |url-status=live |access-date=July 25, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091214001813/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/3501336.stm |archive-date=December 14, 2009}}</ref> Toyota has been developing multitask robots destined for [[elderly care]], manufacturing, and entertainment. A specific example of Toyota's involvement in robotics for the elderly is the Brain Machine Interface. Designed for use with wheelchairs, it "allows a person to control an electric wheelchair accurately, almost in real-time", with his or her mind.<ref name="popsci.com.au">{{Cite news |date=July 1, 2009 |title=Toyota Developing A Wheelchair Driven By The Mind |work=PopSci.com.au |url=http://www.popsci.com.au/scitech/article/2009-06/toyota-developing-wheelchair-driven-mind |url-status=dead |access-date=July 1, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401225049/http://www.popsci.com.au/scitech/article/2009-06/toyota-developing-wheelchair-driven-mind |archive-date=April 1, 2012}}</ref> The thought controls allow the wheelchair to go left, right, and forward with a delay between thought and movement of just 125&nbsp;milliseconds.<ref name="popsci.com.au" /> Toyota also played a part in the development of [[Kirobo]], a '[[robot]]ic [[astronaut]]'.

In 2017, the company introduced T-HR3, a humanoid robot with the ability to be remotely controlled. The robot can copy the motions of a connected person. The 2017 version used wires for the connection but the 2018 version used 5G from a distance up to {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Etherington |first=Darrell |year=2017 |title=You can virtually inhabit Toyota's new humanoid robot |work=[[TechCrunch]] |url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/11/21/you-can-virtually-inhabit-toyotas-new-humanoid-robot/ |url-status=live |access-date=December 8, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206132847/https://techcrunch.com/2017/11/21/you-can-virtually-inhabit-toyotas-new-humanoid-robot/ |archive-date=December 6, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Heater |first=Brian |date=December 1, 2018 |title=Toyota taps Docomo&nbsp;5G to remotely control its humanoid robot |work=[[TechCrunch]] |url=https://techcrunch.com/2018/11/30/toyota-taps-docomo-5g-to-remotely-control-its-humanoid-robot/ |url-status=live |access-date=December 3, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181202131649/https://techcrunch.com/2018/11/30/toyota-taps-docomo-5g-to-remotely-control-its-humanoid-robot/ |archive-date=December 2, 2018}}</ref>

===Sewing machine brand===
[[Aisin]], another member of the [[Toyota Group]] of companies, uses the same Toyota wordmark logo to market its home-use [[sewing machine]]s. Aisin was founded by [[Kiichiro Toyoda]] after he founded the Toyota Motor Corporation. According to Aisin, he was so pleased with the first sewing machine, he decided to apply the same Toyota branding as his auto business, despite the companies being independent from each other.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of TOYOTA home-use sewing machine |url=http://www.aisin.co.jp/life/fashion/history/index.html |access-date=July 21, 2021 |website=www.aisin.co.jp |archive-date=July 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721231831/http://www.aisin.co.jp/life/fashion/history/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Carbon removal===
{{Further|Carbon capture and utilization|Carbon footprint|Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide|Heterogeneous catalysis}}

Toyota Ventures, along with [[JetBlue]] Technology Ventures and [[Parley for the Oceans]], is among the corporate investors that have invested $40 million in the [[Air Company]], a [[Carbon footprint|carbon negative]] [[vodka]] [[Liquor|distiller]] and [[perfume]] and [[hand sanitizer]] manufacturer that uses [[heterogeneous catalysis]] to [[Carbon capture and utilization|convert captured carbon]] into [[ethanol]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Olick|first=Diana|date=May 16, 2022|title=This start-up makes vodka out of CO2 emissions, and it's backed by Toyota and JetBlue|publisher=[[CNBC]]|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/05/16/air-company-makes-vodka-out-of-co2-emissions-backed-by-toyota-jetblue.html|access-date=August 3, 2022}}</ref>

===Environmental initiatives===

Toyota states it is committed to achieving carbon neutrality by 2050, and it has set a goal to reduce its overall carbon emissions by 90% by 2050, compared to 2010 levels.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shrestha |first=Priyanka |date=April 20, 2021 |title=Toyota aims to become carbon-neutral by 2050 |url=https://www.futurenetzero.com/2021/04/20/toyota-aims-to-become-carbon-neutral-by-2050/ |access-date=June 24, 2023 |website=future Net Zero |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Toyota Kirloskar Motor takes giant strides towards achieving Zero Carbon Emission manufacturing facility |url=https://www.indiablooms.com/finance-details/9871/toyota-kirloskar-motor-takes-giant-strides-towards-achieving-zero-carbon-emission-manufacturing-facility.html |access-date=April 11, 2023 |website=Indiablooms |date=March 25, 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

The company has invested heavily in solar energy, with a goal to install solar panels on the rooftops of all its dealerships worldwide by 2050.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Wesoff |first1=Eric |last2=Sylvia |first2=Tim |date=August 13, 2020 |title=Morning Brief: wind and solar continue to rise drastically in the global power mix, Toyota announces three new solar projects |url=https://pv-magazine-usa.com/2020/08/13/morning-brief-wind-and-solar-continue-to-rise-drastically-in-the-global-power-mix-toyota-announces-three-new-solar-projects/ |access-date=March 7, 2023 |website=pv magazine USA |language=en-US}}</ref> In addition, Toyota has partnered with various renewable energy companies to promote the use of wind and solar power, including a recent partnership with ENEOS Corporation to develop hydrogen refueling stations in Japan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bellan |first=Rebecca |date=May 11, 2021 |title=Toyota partners with ENEOS to explore a hydrogen-powered Woven City |url=https://techcrunch.com/2021/05/10/toyota-partners-with-eneos-to-explore-a-hydrogen-powered-woven-city/ |access-date=April 11, 2023 |website=[[TechCrunch]] |language=en-US}}</ref>

Toyota has launched a program called "Global Environmental Challenge" 2050 which is a comprehensive initiative aimed at reducing the environmental impact of Toyota's operations. The challenge includes six environmental goals that Toyota aims to achieve by 2050, including reducing carbon emissions, minimizing water usage, promoting the recycling and reuse of materials, and promoting the use of renewable energy.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hardcastle |first=Jessica Lyons |date=October 19, 2015 |title=Toyota aims for zero carbon emissions over life of a vehicle |url=https://www.environmentalleader.com/2015/10/toyota-targets-zero-carbon-emissions-from-vehicle-lifecycle-plants-by-2050/ |access-date=April 11, 2023 |website=Environment + Energy Leader |language=en-US}}</ref> The company has also implemented a variety of initiatives to promote sustainability across its supply chain, including efforts to reduce waste, water usage, and promote sustainable agriculture. For example, Toyota has implemented a [[Zero waste|zero-waste]] initiative at its manufacturing plants, aiming to send zero waste to landfills.<ref>{{Cite web |title=StackPath |url=https://www.industryweek.com/the-economy/environment/article/21943034/toyotas-zero-landfill-factory |access-date=March 7, 2023 |website=www.industryweek.com|date=July 6, 2009 }}</ref>

==Controversies==
=== Corrosion lawsuit ===
In November 2016, Toyota agreed to pay $3.4 billion to settle allegations that roughly one-and-a-half million of its Tacoma, Tundra, and Sequoia pickup trucks and SUVs had been outfitted with frames prone to corrosion and perforation. According to court papers, the corrosion could reach levels high enough to compromise the vehicle's structural integrity.<ref>{{Cite news|date=November 12, 2016|title=Toyota to settle U.S. truck rust lawsuit for up to $3.4 billion|language=en|work=[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-toyota-settlement-idUSKBN1370PE|access-date=February 21, 2022}}</ref>

=== Death from overwork ===
{{See also|Karōshi}}

On February 9, 2002, Kenichi Uchino, aged 30 years, a quality control manager, collapsed then died at work.<ref name="karoshi" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=December 1, 2007 |title=Nagoya court rules Toyota employee died from overwork |work=The Japan Times |url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2007/12/01/national/nagoya-court-rules-toyota-employee-died-from-overwork/ |url-status=live |access-date=June 29, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180211071609/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2007/12/01/national/nagoya-court-rules-toyota-employee-died-from-overwork/ |archive-date=February 11, 2018}}</ref> On January 2, 2006, an unnamed chief engineer of the [[Toyota Camry|Camry Hybrid]], aged 45 years, died from [[heart failure]] in his bed.<ref name="karoshi">{{Cite news |last=Harden |first=Blaine |date=July 13, 2008 |title=Japan's Killer Work Ethic |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] Foreign Service |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/07/12/AR2008071201630.html |url-status=live |access-date=June 29, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615213814/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/07/12/AR2008071201630.html |archive-date=June 15, 2017}}</ref>

===Fines for environmental breaches{{anchor|fines}}===
In 2003, Toyota was fined $34 million for violating the [[United States Clean Air Act]], as 2.2 million vehicles it sold had defective smog-control computers.<ref name="fs-2010-02-11">{{Cite news |last=Mattera |first=Phil |date=February 11, 2010 |title=Toyota totals its corporate social responsibility cred |work=Facing South |location=US |url=https://www.facingsouth.org/2010/02/toyota-totals-its-corporate-social-responsibility-cred.html |access-date=January 15, 2021}}</ref>

In January 2021, Toyota was fined $180 million for delays in reporting emissions-related defects to the [[U.S. Environmental Protection Agency]] (EPA) between 2005 and 2015.<ref name="The New York Times 2021">{{Cite news |last=Tabuchi |first=Hiroko |author-link=Hiroko Tabuchi |date=January 14, 2021 |title=Toyota to Pay a Record Fine for a Decade of Clean Air Act Violations |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/14/climate/toyota-emissions-fine.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114205251/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/14/climate/toyota-emissions-fine.html |archive-date=January 14, 2021 |url-access=limited |access-date=January 15, 2021}}</ref><ref name="wsj-2021-01-14">{{Cite news |last=Prang |first=Allison |date=January 14, 2021 |title=Toyota to Pay $180 Million to Settle Complaint Over Delayed Emissions Defect Reports |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|location=US |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/toyota-to-pay-180-million-to-settle-complaint-over-delayed-emissions-defect-reports-11610653555 |access-date=January 15, 2021}}</ref><ref name="dn-2021-01-14">{{Cite news |date=January 14, 2021 |title=Toyota to pay $180 million fine for failing to report and fix pollution control defects |agency=[[Associated Press]] |location=US |url=https://www.dallasnews.com/business/autos/2021/01/14/toyota-to-pay-180-million-fine-for-failing-to-fix-pollution-control-defects/ |access-date=January 15, 2021 |via=Dallas News}}</ref> The acting U.S. attorney said that the delays "likely led to delayed or avoided emissions-related recalls", although Toyota stated that despite the delays in reporting the issues to the EPA, it had notified customers and fixed the cars with the emissions defects.<ref name="dn-2021-01-14" /> At the time, this was the biggest civil penalty ever levied for violating the EPA's emission reporting requirements.<ref name="The New York Times 2021" /><ref name="wsj-2021-01-14" />

=== 2009–2011 unintended acceleration recalls ===
{{See also|2009–2011 Toyota vehicle recalls}}

Between 2009 and 2011 Toyota, under pressure from the U.S. [[National Highway Traffic Safety Administration]] (NHTSA), conducted recalls of millions of vehicles after reports that several drivers experienced [[Sudden unintended acceleration|unintended acceleration]]. The first recall, in November 2009, was to prevent a front driver's side [[Car mat|floor mat]] from sliding into the [[Automobile pedal|foot pedal]] well, causing the pedals to become trapped. The second recall, in January 2010, was begun after some crashes were shown not to have been caused by floor mats and may be caused by possible mechanical sticking of the [[accelerator pedal]].<ref name="pressroom.toyota.com">{{Cite press release |title=Amended Recall: Potential Floor Mat Interference with Accelerator Pedal |date=September 29, 2009 |publisher=Toyota |url=http://pressroom.toyota.com/pr/tms/toyota/toyota-consumer-safety-advisory-102572.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091221013729/http://pressroom.toyota.com/pr/tms/toyota/toyota-consumer-safety-advisory-102572.aspx |archive-date=December 21, 2009}}</ref> Worldwide, approximately 9 million cars and trucks were impacted by the recalls.<ref name="CSM">{{Cite news |last=Haq |first=Husna |date=January 29, 2010 |title=Toyota recall update: dealers face full lots, anxious customers |work=The Christian Science Monitor |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/2010/0129/Toyota-recall-update-dealers-face-full-lots-anxious-customers |url-status=live |access-date=January 30, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100202035132/http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/2010/0129/Toyota-recall-update-dealers-face-full-lots-anxious-customers |archive-date=February 2, 2010}}</ref>

NHTSA received reports of a total of 37 deaths allegedly related to unintended acceleration, although an exact number was never verified.<ref name="Healey 2010">{{Cite news |last=Healey |first=James R. |date=February 17, 2010 |title=Toyota deaths reported to safety database rise to 37 |work=[[USA Today]] |url=https://www.usatoday.com/money/autos/2010-02-17-toyota17_ST_N.htm |access-date=February 11, 2011}}</ref> As a result of the problems, Toyota faced nearly 100 lawsuits from the families of those killed, drivers who were injured, vehicle owners who lost resale value, and investors who saw a drop in the value of their shares. While most of the personal injury and wrongful death lawsuits were settled confidentially,<ref name="Hirsch 2013">{{Cite news |last1=Hirsch |first1=Jerry |last2=Bensinger |first2=Ken |date=October 25, 2013 |title=Toyota settles acceleration lawsuit after $3-million verdict |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2013-oct-25-la-fi-hy-toyota-damages-20131026-story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203173111/http://articles.latimes.com/2013/oct/25/autos/la-fi-hy-toyota-damages-20131026 |url-status=live |archive-date=December 3, 2013 |access-date=November 24, 2013}}</ref> Toyota did spend more than {{USD|1 billion}} to settle a class action lawsuit to compensate owners for lost resale value,<ref name="Zalubowski 2012">{{Cite news |last=Zalubowski |first=David |date=December 26, 2012 |title=Toyota settlement in sudden-acceleration case will top $1 billion |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |url=https://www.latimes.com/business/autos/la-fi-toyota-to-pay-at-least-12-billion-to-settle-suddenacceleration-lawsuit-20121226,0,7432292.story |access-date=December 27, 2012}}</ref> and the company agreed to pay a {{USD|1.2 billion}} criminal penalty to the United States government over accusations that it had intentionally hid information about safety defects from the public and had made deceptive statements to protect its brand image. The penalty was the largest ever levied against a car company.<ref name="fined2">{{Cite news |last1=Vlasic |first1=Bill |last2=Apuzzo |first2=Matt |date=March 19, 2014 |title=Toyota Is Fined $1.2 Billion for Concealing Safety Defects |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/20/business/toyota-reaches-1-2-billion-settlement-in-criminal-inquiry.html |access-date=March 20, 2014}}</ref>

=== Takata airbag recalls ===
{{See also|Takata airbag recalls}}

Toyota was impacted by a recall of faulty airbag inflators made by Takata. The inflators can explode, shooting metal fragments into the vehicle cabin. Millions of vehicles produced between 2000 and 2014 were impacted by the recall, with some needing multiple repairs.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Atiyeh |first=Clifford |date=November 13, 2014 |title=Massive Takata Airbag Recall: Everything You Need to Know, Including Full List of Affected Vehicles |work=Car and Driver |url=http://blog.caranddriver.com/massive-takata-airbag-recall-everything-you-need-to-know-including-full-list-of-affected-vehicles |url-status=live |access-date=November 15, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129064936/http://blog.caranddriver.com/massive-takata-airbag-recall-everything-you-need-to-know-including-full-list-of-affected-vehicles/ |archive-date=November 29, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=December 12, 2018 |title=Toyota advances plans to replace Takata airbags in 65,000 vehicles |work=[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-toyota-takata/toyota-advances-plans-to-replace-takata-airbags-in-65000-vehicles-idUSKBN1OB2IO |url-status=live |access-date=December 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212200454/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-toyota-takata/toyota-advances-plans-to-replace-takata-airbags-in-65000-vehicles-idUSKBN1OB2IO |archive-date=December 12, 2018}}</ref> {{As of|2024|January}}, over 100 million Takata air bag inflators worldwide have been recalled by more than 20 carmakers.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news |last=Shepardson |first=David |date=January 30, 2024 |title=Toyota warns 50,000 US vehicle owners to stop driving, get immediate repairs |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/toyota-warns-50000-vehicle-owners-stop-driving-get-immediate-repairs-2024-01-29/ |work=Reuters}}</ref>

=== June 2010 Chinese labour strike ===
On June 21, 2010, a [[2010 Chinese labour unrest#Honda|Chinese labor strike]] happened in Tianjin Toyoda Gosei Co, Tianjin. Workers demanded better wages and treatment.<ref name="21june2010strike">{{Cite web |date=June 23, 2010 |title=Strike halts production at Denso plant in China |url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2010/06/23/business/strike-halts-production-at-denso-plant-in-china/#.WU_imDDasUo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180211080102/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2010/06/23/business/strike-halts-production-at-denso-plant-in-china/#.WU_imDDasUo |archive-date=February 11, 2018 |access-date=June 25, 2017}}</ref>

=== Extremist usage ===
In 2015, U.S. officials asked Toyota how the [[Islamic State]] was in possession of so many Toyota trucks.<ref>{{Cite web |title=US Officials Ask How ISIS Got So Many Toyota Trucks |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/us-officials-isis-toyota-trucks/story?id=34266539 |access-date=August 3, 2023 |website=ABC News |language=en}}</ref> Toyota cars have also been documented to have been used by other extremist organizations such as the [[Taliban]], [[Hamas]], [[Al-Shabaab (militant group)|Al-shabab]] and [[Piracy off the coast of Somalia|Somali pirates]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Islamic State and others using Toyota trucks |url=https://www.beaumontenterprise.com/news/slideshow/Islamic-State-and-others-using-Toyota-trucks-118278.php |access-date=August 3, 2023 |archive-date=August 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803141320/https://www.beaumontenterprise.com/news/slideshow/Islamic-State-and-others-using-Toyota-trucks-118278.php |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Somaiya |first=Ravi |date=October 14, 2010 |title=Why Rebel Groups Love the Toyota Hilux |url=https://www.newsweek.com/why-rebel-groups-love-toyota-hilux-74195 |access-date=August 3, 2023 |website=Newsweek |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=May 8, 2009 |title=For Somali Pirates, Worst Enemy May Be on Shore (Published 2009) |work=The New York Times |language=en |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/09/world/africa/09pirate.html |access-date=August 3, 2023 |last1=Gettleman |first1=Jeffrey }}</ref> Toyota representatives have said the company has a strict policy to not sell vehicles to potential purchasers who may use or modify them for paramilitary or terrorist activities and that it cannot track aftermarket sales and that it has worked with the [[United States Department of the Treasury|U.S Treasury]] to brief them on Toyota's supply chain on the Middle East.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Engel |first=Pamela |title=These Toyota trucks are popular with terrorists — here's why |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/why-isis-uses-toyota-trucks-2015-10 |access-date=August 3, 2023 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Misleading marketing ===
In its marketing, Toyota has often referred to its non-plug-in hybrid vehicles as "self-charging hybrid" vehicles. The use of the term has caused some criticism that this is misleading, as some consumers were led to erroneously believe that these vehicles charge their batteries on their own when the vehicles are not used.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 27, 2020 |title=Toyta's self-charging hybrid ads deemed misleading, banned in Norway |url=https://insideevs.com/news/395138/toyota-self-charging-ads-banned-norway/ |website=www.insideevs.com |publisher=InsideEVs}}</ref> Complaints about self-charging hybrid advertising were recorded in Ireland, although the complaints were rejected by the Advertising Standards Authority of Ireland.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 5, 2019 |title=Toyota hybrid falls foul of ad rules after misleading cost saving claim |url=https://www.thejournal.ie/toyota-hybrid-falls-foul-of-ad-rules-after-misleading-cost-saving-claim-4796800-Sep2019/ |website=www.journal.ie |publisher=The Journal}}</ref> However, in 2020, the Norwegian Consumer Authority banned the adverts outright in Norway, stating: "It is misleading to give the impression that the power to the hybrid battery is free of charge, since the electricity produced by the car has consumption of gasoline as a necessary condition."<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 24, 2020 |title=Toyota's self-charging hybrid ad banned by this country |url=https://www.ibtimes.com/toyotas-self-charging-hybrid-ad-banned-country-2909041 |website=www.ibtimes.com |publisher=International Business Times}}</ref>

Electric vehicle website [[IrishEVs]] criticised Toyota Ireland for paying [[University College Dublin]] to conduct a study of only seven examples of their hybrid cars over seven days to make a press release about the efficiency of the vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 29, 2021 |title=Claims about environmental benefits of hybrid vehicles 'greenwashing' |url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/motoring/arid-40300817.html |website=www.irishexaminer.com |publisher=Irish Examiner}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 29, 2021 |title=Irish Examiner view: Verification has huge role in climate wars |url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/opinion/ourview/arid-40301414.html |website=www.irishexaminer.com |publisher=Irish Examiner}}</ref> The website also criticised Toyota Ireland for using opinion polls to substantiate a claim about their {{CO2}} emissions on Twitter.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 25, 2021 |title=We Need To Talk About Toyota |url=https://www.irishevs.com/we-need-to-talk-about-toyota |website=www.irishevs.com |publisher=IrishEVs}}</ref>

===Safety-related misconduct by Daihatsu===
In April 2023, it was revealed that Toyota subsidiary Daihatsu had cheated by rigging some models to perform better in crash tests than actual production cars. The vehicles in question had a notch in the interior panel of the front door which avoided the possibility of the collision creating a sharp edge that could have injured an occupant when the side airbag deployed. This notch was present on the tested vehicles but not on vehicles sold to the public.<ref name="Motor1-2023-04-28">{{cite news |url=https://www.motor1.com/news/664748/toyota-admits-daihatsu-side-crash-tests-rigged/ |title=Toyota Admits Some Daihatsu Crash Test Cars Were Rigged For Better Results |first1=Chris |last1=Bruce |work=Motor1 |date=April 28, 2023 |access-date=May 16, 2023}}</ref>

The issue affected four models, the [[Toyota Yaris Ativ (AC100)|Toyota Yaris Ativ]] (also known as the Vios), [[Perodua Axia]], [[Toyota Agya]], and an undisclosed upcoming product. No recall was conducted over the issue.<ref name="Motor1-2023-04-28"/>

In December 2023, Daihatsu halted shipments of 64 models, including two dozens branded as Toyota, after safety investigations uncovered misconduct far greater in scope than previously expected. In some models, the test speeds and results of [[Head restraint|headrest]] impact tests were falsified. In models such as the [[Toyota TownAce|TownAce]] and [[Toyota Pixis Joy|Pixis Joy]], the [[airbag]] control unit used in testing was different from the part installed on vehicles sold to the public. Affected markets included Japan as well as Bolivia, Cambodia, Chile, Ecuador, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, Thailand, Uruguay, and Vietnam.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Leussink |first=Daniel |date=20 December 2023 |title=Toyota's Daihatsu to halt all vehicle shipments, in widening safety scandal |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/toyotas-daihatsu-will-expand-production-halt-over-safety-scandal-nikkei-2023-12-20/}}</ref>

On January 29, 2024, Koji Sato publicly apologized to customers, dealers and suppliers for the flawed testing.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-29 |title=Toyota chief apologizes for cheating on testing at group company — again |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/business/autos/article/toyota-chief-apologizes-for-cheating-on-testing-at-group-company-again/ |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=CTVNews |language=en}}</ref>

==Corporate affairs==
[[File:Headquarter of Toyota Motor Corporation 4.JPG|thumb|Principal headquarters building of Toyota]]

Toyota is headquartered in the city of [[Toyota, Aichi|Toyota]],<ref name="Toyotaprofile">{{Cite web |date=March 31, 2014 |title=Overview |url=http://www.toyota-global.com/company/profile/overview/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213041727/http://www.toyota-global.com/company/profile/overview/ |archive-date=February 13, 2015 |access-date=February 6, 2015 |website=Global website |publisher=Toyota Motor Corporation}}</ref><ref name="toyota-cheating-2024">{{Cite web |date=June 3, 2024 |title=Toyota apologizes for cheating on vehicle testing and halts production of three models |url=https://apnews.com/article/toyota-certification-cheating-japan-automakers-scandal-26585a96df2a32f7d67a4011a0a98772|access-date=June 3, 2024 |website=AP News |publisher=Associated Press}}</ref> which was named Koromo until 1951, when it changed its name to match the automaker. Toyota City is located in the [[Aichi Prefecture]] of Japan. The main headquarters of Toyota is located in a four-story building that has been described as "modest".<ref name="Jacob">{{Cite news |last=Jacob |first=Vinod |date=August 18, 2006 |title=In Toyota land |work=[[The Hindu]] – [[Business Line]] |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/life/2006/08/18/stories/2006081800020200.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=May 9, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721173402/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/life/2006/08/18/stories/2006081800020200.htm |archive-date=July 21, 2010}}</ref> In 2013, company CEO Akio Toyoda reported that it had difficulties retaining foreign employees at the headquarters due to the lack of amenities in the city.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Greimel |first=Hans |date=May 6, 2013 |title=Dreary HQ city is a handicap in global glitz plan |work=[[Automotive News]] |url=http://www.autonews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20130506/GLOBAL02/305069976/dreary-hq-city-is-a-handicap-in-global-glitz-plan#axzz2SrMwuTWn |url-status=dead |access-date=May 9, 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130616011434/http://www.autonews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20130506/GLOBAL02/305069976/dreary-hq-city-is-a-handicap-in-global-glitz-plan%23axzz2SrMwuTWn |archive-date=June 16, 2013}}</ref>

Surrounding the headquarters are the 14-story Toyota Technical Center and the Honsha plant (which was established in 1938). Toyota and its Toyota Group affiliates operate a total of 17 manufacturing facilities in Aichi Prefecture and a total of 32 plants in Japan.

Toyota also operates offices in [[Bunkyo, Tokyo]], and [[Nakamura-ku, Nagoya]].<ref name="Toyotaprofile" />{{primary source inline|date=December 2023}}

{{clear}}

=== Financial performance ===
{| class="wikitable floatright"
|+Sales by region (2024)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Toyota Motor Corporation: Business Segments and Geographical Breakdown of Revenue |url=https://www.marketscreener.com/quote/stock/TOYOTA-MOTOR-CORPORATION-6492484/finances-segments/#geography |access-date=2025-05-08 |website=www.marketscreener.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
!Region
!Share
|-
|Japan
|36.4%
|-
|North America
|31.1%
|-
|Asia
|15.1%
|-
|Europe
|9.8%
|-
|Other
|7.6%
|}
{{as of|2024}}, Toyota was the world's largest car company with revenues exceeding US$400 billion. For the fiscal year 2024, Toyota reported earnings of [[Japanese yen|¥]]4.9 trillion, with an annual revenue of [[Japanese yen|¥]]45.1 trillion, an increase of 21.4% over the previous fiscal cycle, largely due to foreign exchange rate effects, as Toyota generates most of its sales abroad.<ref>{{Cite web |last=CORPORATION |first=TOYOTA MOTOR |title=Archives {{!}} Integrated Report {{!}} Investors Library {{!}} Shareholders & Investors News |url=https://global.toyota/en/ir/library/annual/archives/ |access-date=2025-05-08 |website=Toyota Motor Corporation Official Global Website |language=en}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable float-left" style="text-align: right;"
!Year
!Net Revenue
!Net income
!Total assets
!Vehicle sales<br />(millions)
!Employees
|-
|2008
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]26.3 trillion
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]1.7 trillion
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]32.4 trillion
|8.9
|
|-
|2009
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]20.5 trillion
|([[Japanese yen|¥]]0.4 trillion)
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]29.1 trillion
|7.6
|
|-
|2010
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]19.0 trillion
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]0.2 trillion
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]30.3 trillion
|7.2
|
|-
|2011
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]19.0 trillion
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]0.4 trillion
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]29.8 trillion
|7.3
|
|-
|2012
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]18.6 trillion
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]0.3 trillion
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]30.7 trillion
|7.4
|
|-
|2013
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]22.1 trillion
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]1.0 trillion
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]35.5 trillion
|8.9
|
|-
|2014
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]25.7 trillion
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]1.8 trillion
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]41.4 trillion
|9.1
|
|-
|2015
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]27.2 trillion
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]2.2 trillion
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]47.7 trillion
|9.0
|
|-
|2016
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]28.4 trillion
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]2.3 trillion
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]47.4 trillion
|8.7
|
|-
|2017
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]27.6 trillion
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]1.8 trillion
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]48.8 trillion
|9.0
|
|-
|2018
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]29.4 trillion
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]2.5 trillion
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]50.3 trillion
|9.0
|369,124
|-
|2019
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]30.2 trillion
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]1.9 trillion
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]51.9 trillion
|9.0
|370,870
|-
|2020
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]29.2 trillion
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]2.1 trillion
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]52.7 trillion
|9.0
|359,542
|-
|2021
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]27.2 trillion
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]2.2 trillion
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]62.3 trillion
|7.6
|366,283
|-
|2022
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]31.4 trillion
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]2.9 trillion
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]67.7 trillion
|8.2
|372,817
|-
|2023
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]37.2 trillion
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]2.5 trillion
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]74.3 trillion
|8.8
|375,235
|-
|2024
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]45.1 trillion
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]4.9 trillion
|[[Japanese yen|¥]]90.1 trillion
|8.7
|380,793
|}

=== Largest shareholders ===
In March 2023, 13.93% of Toyota's shares were held by individual investors, 39.04% of shares were owned by financial institutions and brokerages, 25.2% of shares were owned by other corporate entities and the remaining 21.83% were owned by foreign corporate entities and others. The largest shareholders in 2023 were:<ref>[https://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReports/PDF/NYSE_TM_2023.pdf Toyota Annual Report 2023]{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} p. 105</ref>

* [[The Master Trust Bank of Japan]] (14.05%)
* [[Toyota Industries Corporation]] (8.79%)
* [[Custody Bank of Japan]] (6.70%)
* [[Nippon Life Insurance]] (4.67%)
* [[JPMorgan Chase]] (3.94%)
* [[Denso|Denso Corporation]] (3.31%)
* [[State Street Bank and Trust Company]] (2.47%)
* [[The Bank of New York|The Bank of New York Mellon]] (2.15%)
* [[Mitsui Sumitomo Insurance Group|Mitsui Sumitomo Insurance]] (2.09%)
* [[Tokio Marine Nichido]] (1.88%)

=== Worldwide presence ===
{{See also|List of Toyota manufacturing facilities}}
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right;"
! colspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#abcdef;" |Top 10 Toyota and Lexus vehicle sales<br />by country, 2024<ref name="Toyota Motor Corporation Official Global Website">{{Cite web |title=Sales, Production, and Export Results {{!}} Profile {{!}} Company |url=https://global.toyota/en/company/profile/production-sales-figures/index.html |access-date=May 12, 2024 |website=Toyota Motor Corporation Official Global Website |language=en}}</ref>
|-
!Rank<br />in Toyota
!Location
!Vehicle<br />sales
|-
!1
|{{Flag|United States}}
| style="text-align:right;" |2,332,623
|-
!2
|{{Flag|China}}
| style="text-align:right;" |1,775,995
|-
!3
|{{Flag|Japan}}
| style="text-align:right;" |1,441,842
|-
!4
|{{Flag|GCC}}
| style="text-align:right;" |452,769
|-
!5
|{{Flag|India}}
| style="text-align:right;" |300,212
|-
!6
|{{Flag|Indonesia}}
| style="text-align:right;" |296,546
|-
!7
|{{Flag|Australia}}
| style="text-align:right;" |254,935
|-
!8
|{{Flag|Canada}}
| style="text-align:right;" |238,933
|-
!9
|{{Flag|Thailand}}
| style="text-align:right;" |220,356
|-
!10
|{{Flag|Philippines}}
| style="text-align:right;" |218,019
|}

Outside of Japan, as one of [[List of manufacturers by motor vehicle production|the world's largest automotive manufacturer by production volume]], Toyota [[List of Toyota manufacturing facilities|has factories]] in most parts of the world. The company assembles vehicles in Argentina, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, the Czech Republic, France, Indonesia, Mexico, the Philippines, Poland, Russia, South Africa, Thailand, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Venezuela.

Additionally, the company also has joint venture, licensed, or contract factories in China, France, India, Malaysia, Pakistan, Taiwan, the United States, and Vietnam.

==== North America ====
{{Main|Toyota Motor North America}}
[[File:2018 Toyota Camry (ASV70R) Ascent sedan (2018-08-27) 01.jpg|thumbnail|The [[Toyota Camry]] is assembled in several facilities around the world including Australia, China, Taiwan, Japan, Malaysia, the Philippines, Russia, Thailand, India, Vietnam, and the United States.]]

Toyota Motor North America is headquartered in [[Plano, Texas]], and operates as a [[holding company]] for all operations of the Toyota Motor Corporation in Canada, Mexico, and the United States. Toyota's operations in North America began on October 31, 1957, and the current company was established in 2017 from the consolidation of three companies: Toyota Motor North America, Inc., which controlled Toyota's corporate functions; [[Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc.]] which handled marketing, sales, and distribution in the United States; and [[Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America]] which oversaw operations at all assembly plants in the region. While all three companies continue to exist in legal name, they operate as one company out of one headquarters campus.

Toyota has a large presence in the United States with six major assembly plants in [[Huntsville, Alabama]], [[Georgetown, Kentucky]], [[Princeton, Indiana]], [[San Antonio, Texas]], [[Buffalo, West Virginia]], and [[Blue Springs, Mississippi]]. In 2018, Toyota and Mazda announced a joint venture plant that will produce vehicles in Huntsville, Alabama, starting in 2021.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Mazda and Toyota Establish Joint-Venture Company "Mazda Toyota Manufacturing, U.S.A., Inc." |url=https://newsroom.mazda.com/en/publicity/release/2018/201803/180309a.html |access-date=November 26, 2020 |publisher=Mazda}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=December 2023}}

It has started producing larger trucks, such as the new Tundra, to go after the [[full-size pickup]] market in the United States. Toyota is also pushing [[hybrid electric vehicle]] in the US such as the Prius, Camry Hybrid, Highlander Hybrid, and various Lexus products. Toyota never introduced diesel motor options in its North American products, including pickup trucks.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Is Toyota planning on introducing a diesel-powered vehicle? |url=http://www.toyota.com/support/#!/app/answers/detail/a_id/7807 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014155552/http://www.toyota.com/support/#!/app/answers/detail/a_id/7807 |archive-date=October 14, 2013 |access-date=October 12, 2013 |website=Toyota.com}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=December 2023}}

[[Toyota Canada Inc.]], which is part of Toyota Motor North America, handles marketing, sales, and distribution in Canada. [[Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada]] operates three assembly plants: two in [[Cambridge, Ontario]] and one in [[Woodstock, Ontario]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 4, 2008 |title=Toyota's Woodstock plant opens |url=http://www.canadiandriver.com/forum/index.php?topic=60229 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090125115900/http://www.canadiandriver.com/forum/index.php?topic=60229 |archive-date=January 25, 2009 |access-date=July 25, 2009 |publisher=Canadiandriver.com}}</ref> In 2006, Toyota's subsidiary [[Hino Motors]] opened a heavy duty truck plant, also in Woodstock, employing 45 people and producing 2,000 trucks annually.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hinocanada.com/index-1.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090104155332/http://www.hinocanada.com/index-1.html|url-status=dead|title=Hinocanada.com|archivedate=January 4, 2009}}</ref>

====Europe/Western Asia====
{{primary|section|date=December 2023}}
{{Main|Toyota Motor Europe}}

{| class="wikitable" style="float:right;"
! colspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#abcdef;" |Top 10 Toyota and Lexus vehicle production<br />by country, 2024<ref name="Toyota Motor Corporation Official Global Website" />
|-
!Rank<br />in Toyota
!Location
!Vehicle<br />production
|-
!1
|{{Flag|Japan}}
| style="text-align:right;" |3,128,351
|-
!2
|{{Flag|China}}
| style="text-align:right;" |1,508,238
|-
!3
|{{Flag|United States}}
| style="text-align:right;" |1,270,206
|-
!4
|{{Flag|Thailand}}
| style="text-align:right;" |536,158
|-
!5
|{{Flag|Canada}}
| style="text-align:right;" |533,587
|-
!6
|{{Flag|India}}
| style="text-align:right;" |388,582
|-
!7
|{{Flag|France}}
| style="text-align:right;" |279,602
|-
!8
|{{Flag|Indonesia}}
| style="text-align:right;" |260,346
|-
!9
|{{Flag|Mexico}}
| style="text-align:right;" |245,009
|-
!10
|{{Flag|Czech Republic}}
| style="text-align:right;" |225,236
|}

Toyota Motor Europe is headquartered in [[Brussels, Belgium]], and oversees all operations of the Toyota Motor Corporation in Europe and western Asia. Toyota's operations in Europe began in 1963. Toyota has a significant presence in Europe with nine production facilities in [[Kolín|Kolín, Czech Republic]], [[Burnaston|Burnaston, England]], [[Deeside|Deeside, England]], [[Onnaing|Onnaing, France]], [[Jelcz-Laskowice|Jelcz-Laskowice, Poland]], [[Wałbrzych|Wałbrzych, Poland]], [[Ovar|Ovar, Portugal]], [[Saint Petersburg|Saint Petersburg, Russia]], and [[Arifiye|Arifiye, Turkey]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Toyota's European manufacturing plants |url=https://www.toyota-europe.com/world-of-toyota/feel/operations/made-in-europe/manufacturing |access-date=August 3, 2021 |website=Toyota Motor Europe |language=en}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=December 2023}} Toyota also operates a joint venture plant with [[Citroën]] and [[Peugeot]] in [[Valenciennes|Valenciennes, France]].

====Australia====
{{Main|Toyota Australia}}

In 1963, Australia was one of the first countries to assemble Toyotas outside Japan. However, in February 2014, Toyota was the last of Australia's major automakers to announce the end of production in Australia. The closure of Toyota's Australian plant was completed on October 3, 2017, and had produced a total 3,451,155 vehicles. At its peak in October 2007, Toyota manufactured 15,000 cars a month.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Toyota closes manufacturing operations |date=October 3, 2017 |publisher=Toyota |location=Australia |url=https://www.toyota.com.au/main/news/toyota-australia-closes-manufacturing-operations |access-date=December 13, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215224451/https://www.toyota.com.au/main/news/toyota-australia-closes-manufacturing-operations |archive-date=December 15, 2018}}</ref> Before Toyota, [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] and GM's [[Holden]] had announced similar moves, all citing an unfavorable currency and attendant high manufacturing costs.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Wallace |first1=Rick |last2=Ferguson |first2=John |date=February 10, 2014 |title=Toyota to stop making cars in Australia, follows Ford and Holden |work=The Australian |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/news/toyota-to-stop-making-cars-in-australia-follows-ford-and-holden/story-e6frg906-1226822823246 |url-status=live |access-date=February 14, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140428231925/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/news/toyota-to-stop-making-cars-in-australia-follows-ford-and-holden/story-e6frg906-1226822823246 |archive-date=April 28, 2014}}</ref>

==Company strategy==
[[File:Toyota Plant Ohira Sendai.jpg|thumb|New Toyota factory in [[Ōhira, Miyagi|Ohira]], near Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan: A month after this picture was taken, the region was devastated by the March 11 earthquake and tsunami. The plant was only lightly damaged, but remained closed more than a month, mainly due to lack of supplies and energy, in addition to a badly damaged Sendai port.]]

===The Toyota Way===
{{Main|The Toyota Way}}
The Toyota Way is a set of principles and behaviors that underlie the company's approach to management and production (which is further defined as the [[Toyota Production System]]).

The company has been developing its corporate philosophy since 1948 and passing it on as [[implicit knowledge]] to new employees, but as the company expanded globally, leaders officially identified and defined the Toyota Way in 2001. Toyota summarized it under two main pillars: continuous improvement and respect for people. Under the continuous improvement pillar are three principles: challenge (form a long-term vision), [[kaizen]] (a [[continual improvement process]]), and [[Genchi Genbutsu|genchi genbutsu]] ("go and see" the process to make correct decisions). Under the respect for people pillar are two principles: [[respect]] and [[teamwork]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Toyota Way 2001 |url=https://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/data/conditions/philosophy/toyotaway2001.html |access-date=August 3, 2021 |website=75 Years of TOYOTA}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=December 2023}}

In 2004, Dr. Jeffrey Liker, a [[University of Michigan]] professor of [[industrial engineering]], published ''The Toyota Way''. In his book, Liker calls the Toyota Way "a system designed to provide the tools for people to continually improve their work."<ref name="Exec sum">{{Cite web |last=Liker |first=Jeffrey |year=2004 |title=The 14 Principles of the Toyota Way: An Executive Summary of the Culture Behind TPS |url=http://icos.groups.si.umich.edu//Liker04.pdf |publisher=University of Michigan |page=36 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915035153/http://icos.groups.si.umich.edu//Liker04.pdf |archive-date=September 15, 2012 |access-date=March 25, 2021 |url-status=dead }}</ref> According to Liker, there are 14 principles of The Toyota Way that can be organized into four themes: (1) long-term philosophy, (2) the right process will produce the right results, (3) add value to the organization by developing your people, and (4) continuously solving root problems drives organizational learning. The 14 principles are further defined [[The Toyota Way|in the Wikipedia article]] on The Toyota Way.

===Toyota Production System===
{{Main|Toyota Production System}}

The Toyota Way also helped shape the company's approach to production, where it was an early pioneer of what would become known as [[lean manufacturing]].<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Spear |first=Steven |title=The Toyota Production System: An Example of Managing Complex Social/Technical Systems |date=January 1999 |publisher=Harvard University |url=http://mitsloan.mit.edu/shared/ods/documents/Spear_1999_DBA_Dissertation.pdf&PubID=18108 |location=US |url-status=live |access-date=March 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927051517/http://mitsloan.mit.edu/shared/ods/documents/Spear_1999_DBA_Dissertation.pdf%26PubID%3D18108 |archive-date=September 27, 2019}}</ref> The company defines the Toyota Production System under two main pillars: [[Just-in-time manufacturing|just-in-time]]<ref>ibidem, p. 11 ff.</ref>{{full citation needed|date=December 2023}} (make only what is needed, only when it is needed, and only in the amount that is needed) and [[Jidoka]]<ref>ibidem, p. 25 ff.</ref>{{full citation needed|date=December 2023}} (automation with a human touch).

The origin of the Toyota Production System is in dispute, with three stories of its origin: 
* that during a 1950 trip to train with the [[Ford Motor Company]], company executives also studied the [[Just-in-time (business)|just-in-time]] distribution system of the grocery store company [[Piggly-Wiggly]],<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=oXkyafb6OQMC&dq=%22piggly+wiggly%22+toyota&pg=PT40 How Toyota Became #1: Leadership Lessons from the World's Greatest Car Company] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101190037/https://books.google.com/books?id=oXkyafb6OQMC&pg=PT40&lpg=PT40&dq=%22piggly+wiggly%22+toyota&source=bl&ots=SXj2A9TTFm&sig=PR0Q5jmwUMtKk10p5QTzXu6EgxM&hl=en&sa=X&ei=UMZMUNrcG8jI0AGoooDYBw&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22piggly%20wiggly%22%20toyota&f=false|date=January 1, 2016}} By David Magee. Penguin Group. 2007</ref> 
* that they followed the writings of [[W. Edwards Deming]],<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=oXkyafb6OQMC&dq=toyota+deming&pg=PT46 How Toyota Became #1: Leadership Lessons from the World's Greatest Car Company] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101190037/https://books.google.com/books?id=oXkyafb6OQMC&pg=PT46&lpg=PT46&dq=toyota+deming&source=bl&ots=SXj2A9TVBr&sig=LNjqJwVgYZXqovR5_AoFII640Eg&hl=en&sa=X&ei=9cZMUKy0H6je0QHkl4HYDg&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=toyota%20deming&f=false|date=January 1, 2016}} By David Magee. Penguin Group. 2007</ref> and 
* they learned the principles from a WWII US government training program ([[Training Within Industry]]).<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=JkrrQmYQzacC&dq=WWII+US+government+training+program+toyota&pg=PA11 Kaizen Event Implementation Manual] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101190037/https://books.google.com/books?id=JkrrQmYQzacC&pg=PA11&lpg=PA11&dq=WWII+US+government+training+program+toyota&source=bl&ots=bTJ8tizCBC&sig=czAtFxTH4bqEKtOTOZaiLIoghIE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=acdMULCqPKXt0gG62oD4Cg&ved=0CEIQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=WWII%20US%20government%20training%20program%20toyota&f=false|date=January 1, 2016}} By Geoffrey L. Mika; 2006</ref>

After developing the Toyota Production System in its own facilities, the company began teaching the system to its parts suppliers in the 1990s. Other companies were interested in the instruction, and Toyota later started offering training sessions. The company also has donated the training to non-profit groups to increase their efficiency and thus ability to serve people.

===Logo and branding===
[[File:Toyota Sign Development Bertel Schmitt.jpg|thumb|Employee at the [[Toyota Automobile Museum]] explains development of Toyota name and brand.]]

In 1936, Toyota entered the passenger car market with its Model AA and held a competition to establish a new logo emphasizing speed for its new product line. After receiving 27,000 entries, one was selected that additionally resulted in a change of its moniker to "Toyota" from the family name "Toyoda", which means rice paddy. The new name was believed to sound better, and its eight-stroke count in the Japanese language was associated with wealth and good fortune. The original logo was a heavily stylized version of the [[katakana]] characters for Toyota ({{nihongo2|トヨタ}}).<ref name="Toyota Logo History">{{Cite web|last=|first=|last2=|first2=|last3=|date=April 30, 2020|title=Toyota Logo History|url=https://www.carlogos.org/car-brands/toyota-logo.html|access-date=August 6, 2021|website=Carlogos.org|language=en-US}}</ref>

As the company started to expand internationally in the late 1950s, the katakana character logo was supplemented by various wordmarks with the English form of the company name in all capital letters, "TOYOTA."<ref name="Toyota Logo History" />

Toyota introduced a worldwide logo in October 1989 to commemorate the 50th year of the company, and to differentiate it from the newly released luxury Lexus brand.<ref>New brand for Toyota ''[[Australasian Transport News|Queensland Transport News]]'' October 26, 1989, page 11</ref> The logo consists of three ovals that combine to form the letter "T", which stands for Toyota. Toyota says that the overlapping of the two perpendicular ovals inside the larger oval represents the mutually beneficial relationship and trust between the customer and the company while the larger oval surrounding both of these inner ovals represents the "global expansion of Toyota's technology and unlimited potential for the future".<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Company > Vision & Philosophy > Nov/Dec 2004 |url=http://www2.toyota.co.jp/en/vision/traditions/nov_dec_04.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091022095517/http://www2.toyota.co.jp/en/vision/traditions/nov_dec_04.html |archive-date=October 22, 2009 |access-date=October 31, 2009 |publisher=Toyota |location=Japan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite press release |title=Passion |url=http://www.toyota-global.com/showroom/emblem/passion/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812024915/http://www.toyota-global.com/showroom/emblem/passion/ |archive-date=August 12, 2011 |access-date=August 8, 2011 |publisher=Toyota}}</ref> The new logo started appearing on all printed material, advertisements, dealer signage, and most vehicles in 1990.

For the Japanese market, the Toyota logo tends to be relegated to the back of the vehicle only - the more prominent badging on the grille is typically model specific, with Corollas receiving a stylized "C" and the Crown a crown badge, for instance.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.autonewsinternational.com/stories/badges101.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20010123220500/http://www.autonewsinternational.com/stories/badges101.htm | archive-date = 2001-01-23 | work = Automotive News International | title = Brandishing badges | first = James B. | last = Treece | date = January 2001 | publisher = Crain Communications }}</ref>

In countries or regions using [[traditional Chinese character]]s, e.g. Hong Kong and Taiwan, Toyota is known as "豐田".<ref name="Crown Motors">{{Cite web |year=2010 |title=Crown Motors Ltd. (Hong Kong) Corporate Information |url=http://www.crown-motors.com/tch/corpinfo/story.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217211030/http://www.crown-motors.com/tch/corpinfo/story.aspx |archive-date=February 17, 2010 |access-date=March 19, 2010 |language=zh}}</ref> In countries using [[simplified Chinese character]]s (e.g. China and Singapore), Toyota is written as "丰田"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Toyota China |url=http://www.toyota.com.cn/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100813233938/http://www.toyota.com.cn/ |archive-date=August 13, 2010 |access-date=September 11, 2010 |publisher=Toyota.com.cn}}</ref> (pronounced as ''Fēngtián'' in [[Standard Chinese|Mandarin Chinese]] and ''Hɔng Tshan'' in [[Southern Min|Min]]nanese). These are the same characters as the founding family's name "Toyoda" in Japanese.

[[File:Toyota Tacoma TRD Pro P4250811.jpg|thumb|right|Some new vehicles, like this Tacoma, still use the heritage TOYOTA wordmark.]]

Toyota still uses the katakana character logo as its corporate emblem in Japan, including on the headquarters building,<ref>{{Citation|last=|title=Toyota headquarters image (cropped to show logo)|date=September 7, 2012|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Headquarter_of_Toyota_Motor_Corporation_4_(cropped).JPG|access-date=August 6, 2021}}</ref> and some special edition models still use the "TOYOTA" wordmark on the grille as a nod to the company's heritage.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kierstein|first=Alex|date=August 3, 2021|title=Toyota Celebrates the Land Cruiser's 70-Year Run|url=https://www.motortrend.com/news/toyota-land-cruiser-70-series-70th-anniversary/|access-date=August 6, 2021|website=MotorTrend|language=en}}</ref>

On July 15, 2015, the company was delegated its own [[generic top-level domain]], .toyota.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/toyota.html|title=.toyota Domain Delegation Data|website=www.iana.org}}</ref>

===Sport sponsorships===
{{primary|section|date=December 2023}}
[[File:Toyota Center satellite view.png|thumb|Satellite view of the [[Toyota Center]] in [[Houston]], [[Texas]], with the logo on top of the roof]]

Toyota sponsors several teams and has purchased naming rights for several venues, and even competitions, including:
* [[Toyota Alvark Tokyo]], basketball team
* [[Toyota Arena]], Ontario, California
* [[Intercontinental Cup (1960–2004)|Toyota Cup]]
* [[Toyota Center]], Houston, Texas
* [[Toyota Center (Kennewick)|Toyota Center]], Kennewick, Washington
* [[Toyota Field]], San Antonio, Texas
* [[Toyota Park]], Bridgeview, Illinois
* [[Toyota Sports Center]], El Segundo, California
* [[Toyota Stadium (Georgetown, Kentucky)|Toyota Stadium]], Georgetown, Kentucky
* [[Toyota Stadium (Texas)|Toyota Stadium]], Frisco, Texas

{{As of|2017}}, Toyota is an official sponsor of [[Cricket Australia]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Commercial Partners {{!}} Cricket Australia |url=http://www.cricketaustralia.com.au/about/partners/commercial |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803012409/http://www.cricketaustralia.com.au/about/partners/commercial |archive-date=August 3, 2017 |access-date=August 2, 2017 |website=www.cricketaustralia.com.au |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Brettig |first= Daniel|date= December 5, 2023|title= Warner's leap on brand as Toyota replaces Alinta on Australian shirt |url= https://www.smh.com.au/sport/cricket/warner-s-leap-on-brand-as-toyota-replaces-alinta-on-australian-shirt-20231204-p5eoxv.html |work= [[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|location= |access-date=December 16, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Reid |first= Andrew|date=December 5, 2023 |title=Cricket Australia panned over 'ridiculous' detail as new major sponsor unveiled |url= https://au.sports.yahoo.com/sports/cricket-australia-panned-over-ridiculous-detail-new-major-sponsor-unveiled-010514872.html|work= [[Yahoo! Sport]] Australia|location= |access-date=December 16, 2023}}</ref> the [[England and Wales Cricket Board]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Long |first=Michael |date=May 18, 2015 |title=English cricketers to drive Toyotas under new ECB deal |language=en |work=SportsPro |url=http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/english_cricketers_to_drive_toyotas_under_new_ecb_deal |access-date=August 2, 2017}}</ref> and the [[Australian Football League]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 31, 2016 |title=Toyota signs on as premier partner for three more years – AFL.com.au |work=afl.com.au |url=http://www.afl.com.au/news/2016-08-31/toyota-signs-on-as-premier-partner-for-three-more-years |url-status=live |access-date=August 2, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803012246/http://www.afl.com.au/news/2016-08-31/toyota-signs-on-as-premier-partner-for-three-more-years |archive-date=August 3, 2017}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=December 2023}}

In March 2015, Toyota became a sponsor for the [[Olympic Games]] and [[Paralympic Games]] in the form of supplying vehicles and communications between vehicles, starting in 2018.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=IOC Announces Toyota as TOP Partner to 2024 |date=March 13, 2015 |url=https://www.olympic.org/news/ioc-announces-toyota-as-top-partner-to-2024 |access-date=January 7, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170107100238/https://www.olympic.org/news/ioc-announces-toyota-as-top-partner-to-2024 |archive-date=January 7, 2017 |work=Olympic News}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=December 2023}} In May 2024, Toyota announced that it will not be extending the contract after the [[2024 Summer Olympics|2024 games]] in Paris, due the company reportedly being unhappy with how the IOC has used its sponsorship money. Toyota hopes to retain its contract with the [[International Paralympic Committee]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Toyota to end top-tier Olympic sponsorship contract after Paris Games |url=https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2024/05/1cdba3e0efab-toyota-to-end-top-tier-olympic-sponsorship-contract-after-paris-games.html |work=Kyodo News |location=Japan |date=2024-05-24 |access-date=2024-05-24}}</ref>

Toyota had previously sponsored football clubs [[SC Fortuna Köln|Fortuna Köln]] (1998–2000), [[Valencia CF|Valencia]] (2003–2008), [[ACF Fiorentina|Fiorentina]] (1999–2002 and 2004–2010), [[Perugia Calcio|Perugia]] (2002–2004), [[Calcio Catania|Catania]] (2003–2004), [[Valenciennes FC|Valenciennes]] (2005–2012), and [[Red Star Belgrade]] (2005-2008).{{cn|date=March 2024}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Companies}}
* [[Automotive industry in Japan]]
* [[List of Toyota engines]]
* [[List of Toyota manufacturing facilities]]
* [[List of Toyota transmissions]]
* [[List of Toyota vehicles]]
<!-- * [[Toyota automobile collectibles]] // leads here -->
* [[Nagoya Grampus]], formerly the company's [[association football|football]] club and still sponsored by them
* [[Toyota model codes]]
* [[Toyota Verblitz]], the company's [[rugby union|rugby]] team
* [[Toyota War]], a conflict between Libya and Chad which saw a heavy use of Toyota's [[pickup trucks]].

==Notes==
{{notelist}}
==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Bibliography==
* {{Cite book |last=Dawson |first=Chester |title=Lexus: The Relentless Pursuit |publisher=John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pty Ltd. |isbn=978-0-470-82110-7 |year=2004 |location=Singapore}}
* {{cite book |last=May |first=Matthew E. |title=The Elegant Solution: Toyota's Formula for Mastering Innovation |publisher=Free Press |location=New York  |isbn=0-7432-9017-8 |year=2006}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website}}
* {{OpenSecrets}}
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{{Finance links
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{{Toyota cars}}
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[[Category:Toyota| ]]
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