View source for Toronto Transit Commission bus system

{{short description|Bus system serving the Greater Toronto Area in Ontario, Canada}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox bus transit
| name            = Toronto Transit Commission bus system
| logo            = TTC.svg
| logo_size       = 
| image           = Xcelsior XE40 at Hillcrest Complex (2024).jpg
| image_size      = 
| image_caption   = A battery-electric Xcelsior XE40 in 2024
| parent          = [[Municipal government of Toronto|Corporation of the City of Toronto]]
| founded         = September 1, 1921
| defunct         =
| headquarters    = [[William McBrien Building]]<br />1900 [[Yonge Street]]<br />[[Toronto]], Ontario, Canada
| locale          = Toronto
| service_area    = Toronto, [[Mississauga]], [[Vaughan]], [[Markham, Ontario|Markham]]
| service_type    = 10-minute network, Local, Express, [[Night service (public transport)|Night]], [[Shuttle bus service|Shuttle]], [[Paratransit]], [[Express bus service]]
| alliance        = [[GO Transit]], [[MiWay]], [[York Region Transit]], [[Brampton Transit]], [[Durham Region Transit]]
| routes          = {{plainlist|
* 197 total{{efn|name=total-asoff|{{as of|2023|7}}}}<ref name="TTC-bus-routes">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/routes-and-schedules/listroutes/bus |title=Bus Routes |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |accessdate=5 January 2025}}</ref>
* 127 regular service
* 9 limited service
* 4 seasonal service
* 26 express network<!-- includes 953 which appears on TTC "All" list but not on Express Network list -->
* 5 community
* 26 [[Blue Night Network]]
}}
| destinations    =
| stops           =
| hubs            =
| stations        =
| lounge          =
| fleet           = {{plainlist|
*2137 12- and 18-metre [[transit bus|buses]]
*279 [[minibus]]es ([[paratransit]])
}}
| ridership       = {{American transit ridership|ON Toronto TTC MB daily}} ({{American transit ridership|dailydate}}){{American transit ridership|dailycitation}}
| annual_ridership = {{American transit ridership|ON Toronto TTC MB annual}} ({{American transit ridership|annualdate}}){{American transit ridership|annualcitation}}
| fuel_type       = {{csv|[[Diesel fuel|Diesel]]|[[Hybrid electric bus|hybrid electric]]|[[Electric bus|electric]]|gasoline}}
| operator        = [[Toronto Transit Commission]]
| ceo             =
| leader_type     =
| leader          =
| website         = [https://www.ttc.ca/routes-and-schedules#/listroutes/bus Bus routes]
|-
}}
The [[Toronto Transit Commission]] (TTC) uses buses and other vehicles for public transportation. In 2018, the TTC bus system had 159 bus routes carrying over 264{{nbsp}}million riders over {{convert|6686|km}} of routes with buses travelling {{convert|143|km||disp=preunit|million }} in the year.<ref name="TTC-stats" /> {{as of|2021}}, the TTC has 192 [[List of Toronto Transit Commission bus routes|bus routes in operation]], including 28 night bus routes.<ref name="TTC-routes" /> In {{American transit ridership|annualdate}}, the system had a ridership of {{American transit ridership|ON Toronto TTC MB annual}}, or about {{American transit ridership|ON Toronto TTC MB daily}} per weekday as of {{American transit ridership|dailydateasof}}.

Bus routes extend throughout the city and are integrated with the [[Toronto subway|subway system]] and the [[Toronto streetcar system|streetcar system]], with free transfers among the three systems. Many subway stations are equipped with bus terminals, and a few with streetcar terminals, located within a fare paid area.

{{as of|2021}}, the bus system has about 2,100 buses.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2021 Operating Statistics |url=https://www.ttc.ca/transparency-and-accountability/Operating-Statistics/Operating-Statistics---2021/Conventional-System |access-date=6 December 2022 |website=TTC official website}}</ref> Bus propulsion includes diesel, diesel-electric hybrid, battery-electric and gasoline. Four bus lengths are used: regular buses {{convert|12|m|round=10}} long, articulated buses {{convert|18|m|round=10}} long and minibuses either {{convert|8|m}} or {{convert|6|m}} long.<ref name="TTC-Srv-Sum" /> All buses are fully [[accessibility|accessible]] with [[Low-floor bus|low floors]] and, except for minibuses, all are equipped with [[Bicycle carrier|bicycle racks]].<ref name="TTC-routes" />

== History ==
{{See also|History of the Toronto Transit Commission|Public transportation in Toronto}}

=== 19th and 20th centuries ===
Bus service in [[Toronto]] began in 1849, when the first [[public transport]] system in Toronto, the [[Williams Omnibus Bus Line]], was launched. The service began with a fleet of six [[horse-drawn vehicle|horse-drawn]] [[stagecoach]]es. After ten years, the use of [[tram|streetcars]] were introduced in the city as the [[Toronto Street Railway]] (TSR) was established in 1861. After a year of competition between the two companies, the TSR had surpassed Williams Omnibus Line in ridership.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~wyatt/alltime/toronto-on.html |title=Transit History of Toronto, Ontario |work=umanitoba.ca |access-date=18 January 2017}}</ref>

Until 1921, several private and publicly owned transport systems were established and ended up being merged into one another or abandoned. Electric streetcars were widely used in Toronto and surrounding settlements during the new century. After the establishment of the [[Toronto Transportation Commission]] (TTC) (predecessor of the Toronto Transit Commission (also having the acronym of TTC) until 1954), streetcar routes were taken over from predecessors in 1921. It ran bus routes by using motor buses for the first time in the city.<ref name="TTC-milestones">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/Style-Guide/history/milestones |title=History{{snd}}Milestones |work=ttc.ca |access-date=18 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002032053/https://www.ttc.ca/Style-Guide/history/milestones | archive-date=2 October 2022}}</ref> The TTC also experimented the use of [[trolley bus]]es from 1922 to 1925, operating a line on Merton {{sic|Avenue|expected=Street}} and Mount Pleasant Road.<ref name="Spacing-2008-10-18" /> [[Gray Coach]], an [[intercity bus service|intercity bus]] line by the TTC, began operation in 1927. As the coach service increased in ridership, the TTC built the [[Toronto Coach Terminal]]. By 1933, the TTC introduced the local bus and streetcar stop design, a white pole with a red band on the top and bottom. Between 1930 and 1948, the city replaced various TTC-operated [[Toronto and York Radial Railway|radial railway]] routes extending to surrounding municipalities with bus routes.<ref name="TTC-milestones" />

On 1 January 1954, the TTC became the sole public transit operator in the newly formed [[Metropolitan Toronto]]. Thus, the TTC took over some private bus operations that existed within the Metro area. These included:<ref name="TT-8112" /><ref name="TTC-story" />{{rp|55}}
* Hollinger Bus Lines (1921–1954), operating in [[East York]] and [[Scarborough, Ontario|Scarborough]]
* Danforth Bus Lines (1920–1954), operating in Scarborough and [[North York]], with interurban services to [[Claremont, Ontario|Claremont]] in Pickering and [[King City, Ontario|King City]] in King Township
* Roseland Bus Lines (1925–1954), operating in [[York, Ontario|York Township]], [[Etobicoke]], [[Weston, Toronto|Weston]], and [[Woodbridge, Ontario|Woodbridge]] in Vaughan
* West York Bus Lines (1932–1954), operating in the west and northwest suburbs, including [[Malton, Mississauga|Malton]] in the then-Toronto Gore Township that later become a part of Mississauga

[[File:Toronto Flyer E700A trolleybus in 1987.jpg|thumb|left|From 1947 to 1993, the TTC's system included several [[trolley bus]] routes, such as this one on the 89 Weston Road route in 1987.]]
Between 1947 and 1993, the TTC operated a trolley bus system on medium ridership routes. In 1947, the TTC created four trolley bus routes (Lansdowne, Ossington, Annette, and Weston Road) in the west end that replaced streetcar routes. These routes were based at the Lansdowne garage. About 1954, a separate trolley bus division was created at the old Eglinton garage (adjacent to [[Eglinton station]]) to serve routes on Yonge Street, Avenue Road and Mount Pleasant Road north of Eglinton Avenue. When the [[Line 1 Yonge–University|Yonge–University subway]] was extended to [[York Mills station]], the Yonge trolley bus line was closed and its buses were reassigned to serve Bay Street. In the early 1970s, the trolley bus fleet was rebuilt. The TTC leased some trolley buses from Edmonton, which was phasing out its fleet. The last trolley buses ran in 1993 on the Bay and Annette routes. Rather than replacing the aging trolley bus infrastructure, the TTC decided to use CNG buses to replace the trolley bus fleet.<ref name="Spacing-2008-10-18">{{cite web |url=http://spacing.ca/toronto/2008/10/18/a-tried-and-true-alternate-bus-technology/ |title=A tried and true alternate bus technology |publisher=spacing.ca |first=Sean |last=Marshall |date=18 October 2008 |access-date=31 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925204103/http://spacing.ca/toronto/2008/10/18/a-tried-and-true-alternate-bus-technology/ |archive-date=25 September 2019}}</ref>

In January 1960, the [[GM New Look bus|General Motors "New Look" buses]], informally called "fishbowls", went into service. As earlier New Looks were retired they in turn would be replaced by newer versions of the New look model, with the result that the model would serve Toronto for over 50 years.<ref name="TT-8523">{{cite web |url=https://transittoronto.ca/bus/8523.shtml |title=The GM New Look "Fishbowl" Buses |publisher=Transit Toronto |date=25 June 2015 |access-date=8 September 2020}}</ref>

In 1966, plans were made to replace all streetcar routes with buses in the next 20 years. The plan was cancelled in 1972 and streetcar routes were rebuilt. In 1967, [[GO Transit]] was established by the [[Government of Ontario]] with Gray Coach serving as its operator for most of its routes. The TTC operated its first [[telebus|dial-a-bus]] services under GO Transit in 1973. In 1975, the first [[paratransit]] service, [[Wheel-Trans]], was established by a private operator. The TTC also began using [[minibus]]es for minor routes, which would be replaced by regular buses by 1981.<ref name="TTC-milestones" />
[[File:Onibusyu.jpg|thumb|A [[Wheel-Trans]] bus at [[York University]] in 2013. The [[paratransit]] service has been operated by the TTC since 1988.]]

In 1982, the TTC acquired 12 articulated buses, the articulated version of the GM New Look bus. The Province of Ontario sponsored the buses as a trial. The bus had rear-wheel drive whereby the trailer section pushes the rest of the bus. The TTC sold all 12 of these buses to Mississauga in 1987, and chose the Orion Ikarus articulated bus.<ref name="TT-8525">{{cite web |url=https://transittoronto.ca/bus/8525.shtml |title=GM's New Look Articulated Buses |work=Transit Toronto |first=Robert |last=Lubinski |date=25 June 2015 |access-date=10 September 2020}}</ref>

In 1987, the TTC acquired 90 Orion Ikarus articulated buses; Ikarus manufactured the components in [[Budapest]], Hungary and Orion Bus Industries assembled them in its Mississauga plant. The buses had mid-section wheel drive whereby the front section of the bus pulled the trailer section. Poor welding led to corrosion problems, and the TTC retired 50 of the buses by 1999, while others were sold to [[OC Transpo]] in Ottawa. The last Orion Ikarus bus ran in June 2003.<ref name="TT-8505">{{cite web |url=https://transittoronto.ca/bus/8505.shtml |title=The Orion III Ikarus Articulated Bus |work=Transit Toronto |first1=James |last1=Bow |date=15 March 2020 |access-date=10 September 2020}}</ref>

In 1987, the TTC implemented the [[Blue Night Network]], an expansion of its overnight services using buses and streetcars. The following year, the TTC took over Wheel-Trans services. The TTC sold Gray Coach Lines to the Scotland-based [[Stagecoach Group]] in 1990, while also introducing "community buses", providing minibus service in a few residential neighbourhoods.<ref name="TTC-milestones" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://transittoronto.ca/bus/8109.shtml |title=A History of the TTC's Community Bus Services (400 series routes) – Transit Toronto – Content |work=toronto.on.ca |access-date=18 January 2017}}</ref>

In 1989, the TTC began using buses fuelled by [[compressed natural gas]] (CNG).<ref name="TTC-milestones" /> Supported by subsidies from senior governments, the TTC used CNG buses to replace its trolley bus fleet. CNG buses were serviced at the [[Wilson Yard]] which had a special CNG fueling station. Because of safety concerns about CNG fuel tanks on the bus roof and low overhead clearances, these buses were banned from interior terminals. Also, the savings of using natural gas over diesel fuel was not as great as expected. The TTC converted some CNG buses to diesel.<ref name="Spacing-2008-10-18" />

[[Accessibility]] expanded to regular buses in 1996 with the use of lift-equipped buses.<ref name="TTC-milestones" /> This was further improvised two years later when [[low-floor bus]]es were added to the fleet.<ref name="TTC-2011-12-20" />

=== 21st century ===
Between 2006 and 2009, the TTC made its first purchases of [[hybrid electric bus]]es, choosing the Orion VII model. These buses had batteries that would only last 18 months instead of the expected 5 years. As a result, the TTC went back to purchasing diesel buses until 2018, when it would try hybrid technology again.<ref name="Spacing-2008-10-18" /><ref name="TTC-Srv-Sum-2018-02-18">{{cite web |url=http://ttc.ca/PDF/Transit_Planning/Service%20Summary_2018-02-18.pdf |title=Service Summary – February 18, 2018 to March 31, 2018 |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |page=73 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128231523/http://ttc.ca/PDF/Transit_Planning/Service%20Summary_2018-02-18.pdf | archive-date=28 November 2018}}</ref>

In 2009, the TTC opened its first BRT route that uses its own dedicated busway and bus lanes when route 196 York University Rocket was rerouted to the [[York University Busway]]. The extension of Line 1 to [[Vaughan Metropolitan Centre station|Vaughan Metropolitan Centre]] opened in December 2017 caused the TTC to discontinue service on the 196, and since 2022, the 939B Finch Express is the only route that continues to use it.<ref name="TT-8116">{{cite web |url=https://transittoronto.ca/bus/8116.shtml |title=The York University Busway |work=Transit Toronto |first=James |last=Bow |date=21 July 2019 |access-date=30 August 2020}}</ref>

In December 2011, the TTC bus fleet became fully accessible with the retirement of the last of the old, non-accessible GM "New Look" buses, a model dating back to the 1950s. The last New look buses ran on 52 Lawrence West on 16 December, and were replaced by accessible Orion VII low-floor buses. At that time, the TTC operated 1,800 {{convert|40|ft|m|order=flip|adj=on}} accessible buses, all of which were equipped with bike racks.<ref name="TTC-2011-12-20">{{cite web |url=http://www.ttc.ca/News/2011/December/1220_All_170_Bus_Routes_Accessible.jsp |title=All 170 TTC bus routes now accessible |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |date=20 December 2011 |access-date=31 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190126094009/http://www.ttc.ca/News/2011/December/1220_All_170_Bus_Routes_Accessible.jsp |archive-date=26 January 2019}}</ref>

The TTC ordered 27 [[articulated bus]]es from [[Nova Bus]], which began revenue operation in the spring of 2014. At {{convert|60|ft|m|order=flip}} long, as compared to a standard {{convert|40|ft|m|order=flip|adj=on}} bus, the Nova LFS articulated vehicles hold about 112 passengers, compared to 65 on the standard-length bus.<ref name="New TTC Buses 02 January 2013">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/city_hall/2013/01/02/no_new_lines_but_some_gta_transit_improvements_on_track_this_year.html |title=No new lines, but some GTA transit improvements on track this year – Toronto Star |work=thestar.com |date=2 January 2013 |access-date=18 January 2017}}</ref>
[[File:TTC Bus 8665.jpg|thumb|left|A TTC bus painted in livery based on the [[Flexity Outlook (Toronto)|Flexity Outlook]] streetcars used by the TTC in 2018. The livery was introduced on TTC buses the previous year.]]
As of 23 December 2016, all of the buses in the TTC system have [[Presto card]] readers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://globalnews.ca/news/3146526/presto-fare-card-system-now-operating-across-the-ttc/ |title=PRESTO fare card system now operating across the TTC |publisher=Global News}}</ref> Buses delivered to the TTC since 2017 have a new livery based on the livery of the [[Flexity Outlook (Toronto)|Flexity Outlook streetcars]].

In November 2018, the TTC received the first 55 of 255 hybrid electric buses, specifically the LFS Hybrid model from [[Nova Bus]].<ref name="TTC-2018-11-20">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/News/2018/November/20_11_18NR_HybridBus.jsp |title=New hybrid electric buses have arrived at the TTC |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |date=20 November 2018 |access-date=1 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190126232939/https://www.ttc.ca/News/2018/November/20_11_18NR_HybridBus.jsp |archive-date=26 January 2019}}</ref>

In April 2019, the TTC received the first of 60 [[#Electric buses|electric buses]] from the three bus manufacturers: [[Proterra (bus manufacturer)|Proterra]], [[New Flyer]], and [[BYD Auto|BYD]]. On 3 June 2019, the first electric bus (from New Flyer) went into revenue service on the 35 Jane bus route.<ref name="TheStar-2019-06-03">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2019/06/03/ttcs-first-all-electric-bus-goes-into-service-on-35-jane-route.html |title=TTC's first all-electric bus goes into service on 35 Jane route |newspaper=[[Toronto Star]] |first=Ben |last=Spurr |date=3 June 2019 |access-date=3 June 2019}}</ref> On 26 October 2019, Proterra Catalyst BE40 electric buses went into service on the 6 Bay bus route.<ref name="TTC-2019-10-25">{{cite web |url=http://www.ttc.ca/News/2019/October/25_10_19NR_eBus.jsp |title=TTC putting more electric buses on the road |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |date=25 October 2019 |access-date=29 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030001212/http://www.ttc.ca/News/2019/October/25_10_19NR_eBus.jsp |archive-date=30 October 2019}}</ref> By September 2020, the BYD K9M buses had arrived, and on 8 September, the first BYD bus went into service on the 116 Morningside route. At that point in time, with 60 electric buses, the TTC indicated it had the largest fleet of electric buses in North America.<ref name="TTC-2020-09-15">{{cite web |url=http://www.ttc.ca/News/2020/September/08_09_20NR_ebus_fleet_announcement.jsp |title=TTC now has the largest fleet of electric buses in North America on the road with arrival of third new electric bus model |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |access-date=15 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200911234842/http://www.ttc.ca/News/2020/September/08_09_20NR_ebus_fleet_announcement.jsp | archive-date=11 September 2020}}</ref>

In 2020, [[Toronto Transit Commission incidents#COVID-19 pandemic|effects of the COVID-19 pandemic]] caused TTC ridership to decrease dramatically. On 23 March 2020, the TTC suspended all express bus services system-wide, with the exception of the 900 Airport Express and 927 Highway 27 Express. A number of seats began to be blocked off to encourage [[social distancing]].<ref name="TTC-2020-Virus">{{cite web |url=http://www.ttc.ca/Riding_the_TTC/Safety_and_Security/Coronavirus_update.jsp |title=Coronavirus update |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |date=25 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200525201325/http://www.ttc.ca/Riding_the_TTC/Safety_and_Security/Coronavirus_update.jsp |access-date=25 May 2020 |archive-date=25 May 2020}}</ref>

On 31 May 2021, the TTC started a pilot for free [[Wi-Fi]] on buses, starting with the 35 Jane route and to continue later in June with the 102 Markham Road route.<ref name="TTC-2021-05-31">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/news/2021/May/TTC-introduces-onboard-public-Wi-Fi-on-the-35-Jane-bus-route |title=TTC introduces onboard public Wi-Fi on the 35 Jane bus route |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |date=31 May 2021 |access-date=31 May 2021}}</ref>

In late October 2021, the West Rouge automated shuttle trial was scheduled to start using an autonomous vehicle. The route was to have run from [[Rouge Hill GO Station]] to West Rouge Community Centre. The battery-powered vehicle had a capacity for eight passengers and operated at a maximum speed of {{convert|20|kph}} in autonomous mode or {{convert|40|kph}} in manual mode. During the trial, the vehicle would operate with an attendant. The project was jointly sponsored by the [[Municipal government of Toronto|City of Toronto]], [[Metrolinx]] and the TTC.<ref name="TTC-CEO-2021-10">{{cite web |url=https://ttc-cdn.azureedge.net/-/media/Project/TTC/DevProto/Documents/Home/Public-Meetings/Board/2021/CEO_Report_October_2021.pdf?rev=7380caf68ac7496b818626d62abfbd3c&hash=8F824BDEDB1ADBFA4E86631831B38D1A |title=CEO's Report{{snd}}October 2921 |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103054256/https://ttc-cdn.azureedge.net/-/media/Project/TTC/DevProto/Documents/Home/Public-Meetings/Board/2021/CEO_Report_October_2021.pdf?rev=7380caf68ac7496b818626d62abfbd3c&hash=8F824BDEDB1ADBFA4E86631831B38D1A | archivedate=3 November 2021}}</ref> However, the project was suspended after an accident involving the [[Durham Region Transit#WAVE|Whitby Autonomous Vehicle Electric shuttle]] operated by [[Durham Region Transit]], which used the same type of vehicle. The project was cancelled after the vehicle supplier became defunct in mid-January 2022.<ref name="TheStar-2022/01/28">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2022/01/28/company-supplying-self-driving-vehicles-to-toronto-durham-transit-projects-shuts-down.html |title=Toronto's self-driving transit project cancelled after supplier shuts down |newspaper=[[Toronto Star]] |date=28 January 2022}}</ref>

Effective 7 May 2023, the TTC rebranded seasonal routes in the 200-series. Bus stop signs for seasonal routes show a white-and-pink route lozenge and a new seasonal service icon.<ref name="TTC-2023-05-07">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/riding-the-ttc/Updates/Seasonal-service-changes-coming-this-spring |title=Seasonal service changes coming this spring |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |date=7 May 2023 |accessdate=3 May 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503213252/https://www.ttc.ca/riding-the-ttc/Updates/Seasonal-service-changes-coming-this-spring | archivedate=3 May 2023 }}</ref>

During the winter cold in the fourth quarter of 2023 and first quarter of 2024, up to five TTC buses were parked at [[Spadina station]] to act as a makeshift homeless shelter to address a shortage of shelter space in the city. The buses are staffed by TTC operators and city staff. [[Chemical toilet|Portable washrooms]] are provided nearby. By the end of January 2024, there were already 1,000 overnight stays on the buses; up to 39 people used the buses each night.<ref name="TheStar-2024-01-27">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/from-an-overnight-bus-to-a-5-a-m-streetcar-how-torontos-transit-system-has/article_6e5cea68-b54b-11ee-82cf-a7a1077e132e.html |title=From an overnight bus to a 5 a.m. streetcar: how Toronto's transit system has turned into a stopgap shelter |newspaper=[[Toronto Star]] |date=27 January 2024}}</ref>

In September 2024, the TTC received the first two of 340 battery-electric buses ordered from New Flyer Industries Canada and Nova Bus. The TTC expects the last of the ordered buses to be delivered in 2026, resulting in a total fleet of 400 electric buses (including 60 earlier deliveries), which would make up 20 percent of the TTC's bus fleet. The TTC expects to have an all-electric fleet by 2040.<ref name="TTC-2024-09-30">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/news/2024/September/TTC-welcomes-new-battery-electric-buses |title=TTC welcomes new battery-electric buses |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |date=30 September 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241001014608/https://www.ttc.ca/news/2024/September/TTC-welcomes-new-battery-electric-buses | archivedate=1 October 2024 }}</ref>

== Operations ==
=== Routes ===
{{See also|List of Toronto Transit Commission bus routes}}
[[File:Ttc-300B-pearson.jpg|thumb|A TTC bus operating on TTC Route 300B. [[Blue Night Network|Blue Night routes]] are numbered from 300 to 399.]]
The TTC operates six types of bus routes:<ref name="TTC-routes" />
* Regular service routes operate from 6 am (8 am on Sundays) to 1 am the next calendar day, 7 days per week.
* Limited service routes do not serve all hours of the day, or not all days of the week. Regular and limited service routes are collectively numbered between 7 and 189.
* Seasonal routes operating mainly in the warmer months serving attractions such as [[Toronto Zoo]], [[Bluffer's Park]], and [[Cherry Beach]] (200-series routes)
* Express routes that serve only major bus stops (900-series routes)
* [[Blue Night Network|Blue Night routes]] that operates [[Night bus|only at night]] (300-series routes)
* Community routes using minibuses connecting hubs within a community (400-series routes)<ref name="CityArchivesWT" />

The TTC also offers its [[Wheel-Trans]] service for registered users with disabilities. This service operates door-to-door and requires booking in advance. Wheel-Trans uses minibuses and has no predefined routes.<ref name="TTC-Wheel-Trans" /><ref name="CityArchivesWT" />

Routes with regular service operate all day, every day from approximately 6 am (8 am Sundays) to 1 am the next calendar day.<ref name="TTC-regular">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/routes-and-schedules#/8/0 |title=8 Broadview |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |accessdate=2 November 2021 |quote=Regular service: Operates all day, every day, until 1 a.m.}}</ref><ref name="TTC-BlueNight" /> Routes with limited service are similar but do not operate during all periods of the day or not on all days of the week. Limited service varies by route.<ref name="TTC-limited">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/routes-and-schedules#/10/0 |title=10 Van Horne |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |accessdate=2 November 2021 |quote=Limited service: Operates at limited times of day. Frequency of service varies by route. Some service does not operate during all periods.}}</ref>

Express bus service serves only select stops. The frequency of express service varies by route, and service on some routes does not operate during all periods of the day or all days of the week.<ref name="TTC-express">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/routes-and-schedules#/900/0 |title=900 Airport Express |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |accessdate=2 November 2021 |quote=Express Network: Express bus service, serving select stops. Frequency of service varies by route. Some service does not operate during all periods.}}</ref>

Blue Night Network routes operate from approximately 1:30 am until 6 am (8 am on Sundays) and have 30-minute or better service.<ref name="TTC-BlueNight">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/routes-and-schedules#/302/0 |title=302 Kingston Rd-McCowan Night Bus |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |accessdate=2 November 2021 |quote=Blue Night Network: 30-minute or better service, from approximately 1:30 a.m. to the start of subway service (approximately 6 a.m. on weekdays and Saturdays; 8 a.m. on Sundays).}}</ref>

Community bus routes operate midday, Monday to Friday, connecting seniors' residences within a community with nearby hubs such as plazas, medical buildings and community centres. Community bus service uses the same mini-bus fleet as WheelTrans but has fixed routes and requires no booking. Customers flag down buses anywhere along the route.<ref name="CityArchivesWT">{{cite web |url=https://www.toronto.ca/explore-enjoy/history-art-culture/online-exhibits/web-exhibits/web-exhibits-transportation/the-ttc-100-years-of-moving-toronto/accessibility-the-ttc/ |title=Accessibility & the TTC |date=29 June 2021 |publisher=[[City of Toronto Archives]] |accessdate=2 November 2021 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20211102004731/https://www.toronto.ca/explore-enjoy/history-art-culture/online-exhibits/web-exhibits/web-exhibits-transportation/the-ttc-100-years-of-moving-toronto/accessibility-the-ttc/ |archivedate=2 November 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="TTC-community">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/routes-and-schedules#/400/0 |title=400 Lawrence Manor |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |accessdate=2 November 2021 |quote=Community Bus: Neighbourhood midday service, Monday to Friday, connection seniors' residences with local points of interest. Flag down anywhere along route.}}</ref>

Many regular bus routes are divided into branch routes, which deviate slightly from the original route or which terminate at different points along the route. A route can be referred to by its route number or name (for example, 189 Stockyards). Routes are named after the street or area served. All of the TTC's [[List of Toronto Transit Commission bus routes|regular routes]], except for 99 Arrow Road, 171 Mt. Dennis and 176 [[Mimico GO Station|Mimico GO]], connect to a [[Toronto subway|subway]] [[List of Toronto subway stations|station]] or the Scarborough Centre station bus terminal; 99 Arrow Road and 171 Mt. Dennis serve the areas around their respective bus garages. [[Vaughan Metropolitan Centre station|Vaughan Metropolitan Centre]], {{stl|TTC|Highway 407}}, and {{stl|TTC|Chester}} stations do not have any connections to regular daytime TTC bus routes.<ref name="TTC-map" />

Some bus routes extend beyond the city limits into [[Mississauga]] (west of [[Toronto Pearson International Airport|Pearson International Airport]]) and [[Regional Municipality of York|York Region]] (north of [[Steeles Avenue]]), as those municipalities contract out bus routes to the TTC outside of Toronto.  In the past, an extra fare{{Spaced en dash}}equal to the cost of the [[MiWay]] or [[York Region Transit]] fare respectively{{Spaced en dash}}was required for all customers using the service operating in those areas in addition to the regular TTC fare.  With the introduction on 26 February 2024, of the Ontario One Fare Program, a GTHA-wide fare integration program, customers paying by Presto, credit or debit card only need to pay once to cross city limits when travelling on a TTC bus.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ttc.ca/riding-the-ttc/Updates/One-Fare-Program | title=Ontario's One Fare Program }}</ref> Despite being almost completely in Mississauga, Pearson International Airport is within the TTC's fare-paid zone.<ref name="TTC-GTA-fares">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/Fares_and_passes/PRESTO/GTA_Zone_Fares.jsp |title=GTA Zone Fares |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |access-date=3 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022202554/https://www.ttc.ca/Fares_and_passes/PRESTO/GTA_Zone_Fares.jsp | archive-date=22 October 2021}}</ref><ref name="TTC-Pearson">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/riding-the-ttc/Service-to-the-airport/Toronto-Pearson-International-Airport |title=Toronto Pearson International Airport |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |access-date=3 September 2020}}</ref>

=== Priority bus lanes ===
{{See also|King Street Transit Priority Corridor|Transit City#Bus rapid transit}}
In 2020, as part of a municipal initiative dubbed RapidTO, the TTC started to set up priority bus lanes along several routes in Toronto. These are different from existing High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes in that they are in effect 24 hours per day seven days per week, and may only be used by buses and bicycles, with taxis and private vehicles not being allowed. The priority bus lanes are identified by paint and signage.<ref name="TTC-2020-RapidTO" />

The COVID-19 pandemic provided the impetus for the RapidTO project. The lanes are to improve TTC service in lower-income neighbourhoods, which house employees performing essential services during the pandemic. By allowing buses to move faster, there would be less crowding and better [[physical distancing]].<ref name="TheStar-2020-10-06">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2020/10/02/ttc-rolls-out-new-bus-only-lanes-heres-what-you-need-to-know.html |title=TTC rolls out new bus-only lanes. Here's what you need to know |newspaper=[[Toronto Star]] |first=Ben |last=Spurr |date=6 October 2020 |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>

The lanes prevent road traffic from slowing bus service and disrupting the spacing between buses, which had resulted in gaps and bunching. The lanes are expected to improve efficiency so that fewer buses are required to produce the same level of service, with the extra buses being deployed to provide additional bus service.<ref name="TheStar-2020-10-06" />

Bus priority lanes are painted in red with diamond and "bus only" markings. Private vehicles may use some portions of the lanes, painted with red stripes, to access driveways or to make right turns. There are no physical barriers to separate bus from general traffic lanes. Motorists illegally using a bus priority lane are subject to a $110 fine and three demerit points.<ref name="TheStar-2020-10-06" />

The priority routes are:<ref name="TTC-2020-RapidTO">{{cite web |url=http://www.ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Projects/5_year_plan_and_10_y/Priority_Lanes.jsp |title=RapidTO: Priority bus lane implementation |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |access-date=28 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200828202133/http://www.ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Projects/5_year_plan_and_10_y/Priority_Lanes.jsp |archive-date=28 August 2020}}</ref><ref name="TTC-2020-10-22">{{cite web |url=http://ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Commission_reports_and_information/Commission_meetings/2020/October_22/Reports/1_Chief_Executive_Officer_Report_October_2020_Update.pdf |title=Chief Executive Officer's Report – October 2020 Update |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |date=22 October 2020 |access-date=17 October 2020 |pages=9–10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018020617/http://ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Commission_reports_and_information/Commission_meetings/2020/October_22/Reports/1_Chief_Executive_Officer_Report_October_2020_Update.pdf | archive-date=18 October 2020}}</ref>
* Eglinton Avenue East, Kingston Road and Morningside Avenue from Brimley Road (and eventually from [[Kennedy station]]) to the [[University of Toronto Scarborough]]
* Jane Street from Eglinton Avenue to Steeles Avenue
* Dufferin Street from [[Dufferin Gates]] to Wilson Avenue
* Steeles Avenue West from Yonge Street to [[Pioneer Village station]]
* Finch Avenue East from Yonge Street to McCowan Road
* Lawrence East from east of Victoria Park Avenue to Rouge Hills Drive near [[Rouge Hill GO Station]]

The TTC opened the Eglinton East lanes on 11 October 2020<ref name="TTC-2020-10-11" /> (with the lanes on Morningside Avenue opening a few days earlier<ref name="TheStar-2020-10-06" />) and had expected to implement the Jane lanes in the second quarter of 2021.<ref name="TTC-2020-RapidTO" /> However, concerns about the effect of the lanes on traffic delayed further RapidTO implementation. Assuming approval by city council in February 2024, bus lanes could be implemented on Jane Street by the end of 2024. The implementation dates for bus lanes on other streets are not yet known.<ref name="TheStar-2024-02-05" />

==== Eglinton East ====
The Eglinton East route runs {{convert|10.9|km}} from Brimley Road and Eglinton Avenue to the University of Toronto Scarborough campus along Eglinton Avenue, Kingston Road and Morningside Avenue. The TTC converted the existing HOV lanes on Eglinton Avenue East and the curbside general-purpose lanes on Kingston Road and Morningside Avenue to priority bus-only lanes. Priority lanes will not be implemented between [[Kennedy station]] and Brimley Road until construction for the [[Line 2 Bloor–Danforth#Scarborough subway|Scarborough Subway Extension]] is completed. Both local and express bus routes use the priority lanes, and the number of bus stops were reduced to speed up service. The implementation of priority bus lanes will not preclude [[Eglinton East LRT|a future upgrade to light rail]].<ref name="TTC-2020-RapidTO" /> The Eglinton East lanes were expected to cost nearly $8{{Nbsp}}million.<ref name="TheStar-2020-10-06" />

When implementing the corridor, the TTC reduced the number of stops along the way from 69 to 48, a net reduction of 21 stops, and was reviewing the "consolidation" of six additional stops. Some of the eliminated stops were far from a signalized intersection; some others had few nearby destinations. Having fewer stops allowed faster bus service but, for many riders, resulted in longer walk times to a bus stop. For example, when the stop near two apartment buildings at Dale Avenue and Kingston Road was eliminated, riders had to walk an extra {{convert|250|m}}. Another eliminated stop was {{convert|900|m}} from its nearest replacement stop; this contradicts a TTC guideline that stops should be no more than {{convert|400|m}} apart. Riders, including those with disabilities, complained.<ref name="TheStar-2020-10-23">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2020/10/23/eglinton-rapid-bus-plan-comes-at-a-substantial-price-for-some-commuters.html |title=Eglinton rapid-bus plan comes at a substantial price for some commuters |newspaper=[[Toronto Star]] |first=Ben |last=Spurr |date=23 October 2020 |access-date=25 October 2020}}</ref>

A 2021 city study reported that routes passing through the Eglinton East RapidTO lanes had a 10-percent increase in on-time reliability and up to a 5-minute decrease in rush-hour trip time.<ref name="TheStar-2024-02-05">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/toronto-said-it-would-fast-track-bus-only-corridors-to-speed-commutes-so-why-are/article_2f9f4164-c13e-11ee-86ee-c7d2ca0d1347.html |title=Toronto said it would fast-track bus-only corridors to speed commutes. So why are riders stuck in the slow lane? |newspaper=[[Toronto Star]] |date=5 February 2024}}</ref>

Five routes use the Eglinton East priority bus lanes:<ref name="TTC-2020-10-11">{{cite web |url=http://www.ttc.ca/Service_Advisories/Service_changes/Service_Improvements_changes.jsp |title=TTC service changes |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |access-date=5 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005195305/http://www.ttc.ca/Service_Advisories/Service_changes/Service_Improvements_changes.jsp | archive-date=5 October 2020}}</ref>
* 12D Kingston Rd
* 86 Scarborough
* 116 Morningside
* 905 Eglinton East Express
* 986 Scarborough Express

If the planned [[Eglinton East LRT]] goes into service, then Rapid TO bus lanes overlapping the LRT alignment would be removed.<ref name="TO-2024-05-21" />{{rp|21}}

==== Jane ====
The Jane bus priority lanes will run along Jane Street between Eglinton Avenue and Steeles Avenue.<ref name="TTC-2020-RapidTO" /><ref name="TheStar-2020-10-06" /> These lanes were expected to open in 2021, but their setup has been delayed to allow for public consultation in 2023.<ref name="TheStar-2022-10-21">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/opinion/contributors/2022/10/21/will-our-cherished-ttc-continue-to-decline-volunteers-are-acting-on-transit-because-elected-leaders-are-not.html |title='Will our cherished TTC continue to decline?': Volunteers are acting on transit because elected leaders are not |newspaper=[[Toronto Star]] |date=21 October 2022}}</ref>

The Jane route is next in priority for implementation because:<ref name="TTC-2020-RapidTO" />
* It has one of the slowest operating speeds in 2020.
* It provides a north–south connection with three subway lines: the existing [[Line 1 Yonge–University]], and [[Line 5 Eglinton]] and [[Line 6 Finch West]], both under construction.
* It serves many Neighbourhood Improvement Areas.
* There are no adverse impacts to on-street parking.

===Busways===
This section describes exclusive bus-only roadways as opposed to priority lanes along mixed-use streets.

====York University Busway====
{{main|York University Busway}}
The York University Busway opened in 2009, running {{convert|6|km}} between [[Dufferin Street]] and York University Keele Campus. After the opening of the [[Toronto–York Spadina subway extension]] in 2017, the busway was shortened to run {{convert|1.8|km}} between [[Finch West station]] and Dufferin Street; it no longer serves its namesake university. The busway runs along an electric power transmission corridor.<ref name="TTC-2009-04-27">{{cite web |url=https://cdn.ttc.ca/-/media/Project/TTC/DevProto/Documents/Home/Public-Meetings/Board/2009/April-27/Supplementary_Reports/York_University_Busw.pdf |title=York University Busway Service Changes |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |date=27 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602182005/https://cdn.ttc.ca/-/media/Project/TTC/DevProto/Documents/Home/Public-Meetings/Board/2009/April-27/Supplementary_Reports/York_University_Busw.pdf | archive-date=2 June 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="CBC-2017-12-15">{{Cite web |date=15 December 2017 |title=Justin Trudeau joins premier, mayor at TTC line 1 extension opening |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/trudeau-subway-extension-1.4450237 |access-date=15 December 2017 |website=CBC News}}</ref><ref name="TheStar-2019-07-09">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/ttc-vehicles-get-caught-in-gridlock-too-often-should-the-king-street-pilot-project-be/article_09218f43-a0af-5a25-97bb-e86be6f38492.html |title=TTC vehicles get caught in gridlock too often. Should the King Street pilot project be replicated? |newspaper=[[Toronto Star]] |date=9 July 2019 }}</ref>

==== Line 3 Busway<span id="Line 3 Busway"><!--re:[[Talk:Toronto Transit Commission bus system#Line 3 Busway]]--></span> ====
The "Line 3 Busway" is a planned bus-only roadway announced in May 2024, to be located on a {{convert|4|km|adj=on}} portion of the former right-of-way for [[Line 3 Scarborough]], between [[Kennedy station]] and Ellesmere Road, running parallel to GO Transit's [[Stouffville line]]. Demolition of the original Line 3 track started in 2024,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://toronto.citynews.ca/2024/11/04/line-3-scarborough-rt-construction-ttc/|title=Demolition of former TTC Line 3 Scarborough RT underway|date=4 November 2024|newspaper=Citynews}}</ref> and construction was expected to start in 2025, with the busway scheduled to open for operation in 2027. The busway would speed up public transit service between Kennedy and {{stl|TTC|Scarborough Centre}} stations pending completion of the [[Scarborough Subway Extension]]. However, after completion of the extension, the busway would remain in service to provide extra rapid transit in the area.<ref name="TO-2024-05-21">{{cite web |url=https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/9712-EELRTTRPAP-Public-Consultation-MaterialsFinalAOADA-compressed21May2024.pdf |title=Eglinton East Light Rail Transit{{snd}}Public Consultation for the Transit and Rail{{snd}}Project Assessment Process |publisher=[[Municipal government of Toronto|City of Toronto]] |accessdate=29 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530001415/https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/9712-EELRTTRPAP-Public-Consultation-MaterialsFinalAOADA-compressed21May2024.pdf | archive-date=30 May 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{rp|13}}

The busway would include four stops: Kennedy station, Tara Avenue, Lawrence Avenue East and Ellesmere Road. The busway would be completely grade-separated from cross-streets between its two end points.<ref name="TTC-SRT-Future">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/about-the-ttc/projects-and-plans/Future-of-Line-3-Scarborough |title=The future of TTC's Line 3 Scarborough (SRT) |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |date=14 February 2024 |accessdate=31 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329030040/https://www.ttc.ca/about-the-ttc/projects-and-plans/Future-of-Line-3-Scarborough | archive-date=29 March 2024}}</ref>{{rp|tab:Consultation}}

=== Automatic passenger counting ===
Automatic passenger counting (APC) is a feature installed on TTC buses to automatically to keep a count of the passengers on board each bus. The feature uses infrared lights at doors to count passengers boarding and exiting buses. Along with bus location, APC data is transmitted to a central computer in real-time and is used for service planning and transit control, as well as to deter [[fare evasion]] by some degree. Using APC data, the TTC can monitor passenger load on buses and optimize bus assignments on routes that have a potential for crowding. {{as of|2021|04}}, all but 34 of the TTC's more than 2000 buses have APC; none of the [[Toronto streetcar system|streetcars in the commission's fleet]] have the feature.<ref name="TTC-APC-app" />

APC also supports the [[Transit (app)|Transit]] [[iOS]]/[[iPadOS]] and [[Android (operating system)|Android]] app, allowing the feature to advise riders about bus crowding. This feature was introduced in April 2021 during the [[Toronto Transit Commission incidents#COVID-19 pandemic|COVID-19 pandemic]] to support physical distancing. The TTC says it will continue to support this app after the pandemic ends.<ref name="TTC-APC-app">{{cite web |url=http://www.ttc.ca/Riding_the_TTC/Real_Time_Passenger_.jsp |title=Real-time Bus Occupancy Information |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |access-date=16 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414191754/http://www.ttc.ca/Riding_the_TTC/Real_Time_Passenger_.jsp | archive-date=14 April 2021}}</ref>

===Emergencies===
If there is a power failure affecting either the streetcar or subway system, the TTC will deploy shuttle buses. For this purpose, the TTC states it has adequate buses available for such emergencies.<ref name="TTC-winter" />

The TTC relies on City of Toronto crews to clear roads of ice and snow during winter storms. However, the TTC may put certain vulnerable bus stops out of service to avoid buses getting stuck. This occurs for stops being historically problematic during winter storms. The TTC will post signs at such stops about one hour prior to the storm advising riders of the nearest alternative stop.<ref name="TTC-winter">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/riding-the-ttc/Updates/Service-changes-in-the-event-of-winter-weather |title=Service changes in the event of winter weather |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |accessdate=16 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116221807/https://www.ttc.ca/riding-the-ttc/Updates/Service-changes-in-the-event-of-winter-weather | archive-date=16 November 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bus stops have signs with a QR code to direct a smartphone to information on service disruptions and the nearest in-service bus stop.<ref name="TheStar-2024-12-23">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/toronto-bracing-for-major-snowfall-monday-evening-as-ttc-deploys-additional-buses/article_207ea158-c132-11ef-ad34-53c9105ebd42.html |title=Toronto bracing for major snowfall Monday evening as TTC deploys additional buses |newspaper=[[Toronto Star]] |date=2024-12-23 }}</ref> The TTC also contracts with private tow truck operators to recover TTC buses trapped during winter storms.<ref name="TTC-2022/12/14">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/news/2022/December/TTC-prepared-for-expected-winter-storm |title=TTC prepared for expected winter storm |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |accessdate=14 December 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215040728/https://www.ttc.ca/news/2022/December/TTC-prepared-for-expected-winter-storm | archivedate=15 December 2022}}</ref>

== Garages ==
The following is a list of active TTC bus garages:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Active garages
! Garage !! Opened !! Address !! width="50%" | Description
|-
| Arrow Road (Arw)
| 1988
| 700 Arrow Rd., [[North York]]
|{{convert|230000|sqft|abbr=on|order=flip}} facility; 2 wash racks; 2 diesel fueling stations; 12 twelve-metre and 2 eighteen-metre hoists; 4 inspection pits;<ref name="TT-8306">{{cite web |url=https://transittoronto.ca/bus/8306.shtml |title=Arrow Road Garage |work=Transit Toronto |date=25 January 2019 |access-date=24 August 2020}}</ref> electric bus recharging<ref name="TTC-2019-10-25" />
|-
| Birchmount (Bir)
| 1956
| 400 Danforth Rd., [[Scarborough, Ontario|Scarborough]]
| {{convert|89500|sqft|abbr=on|order=flip}} facility; 2 wash racks; 2 fueling stations; 10 twelve-metre hoists; 4 insection pits; UWE heating system for buses stored outside<ref name="TT-8304">{{cite web |url=https://transittoronto.ca/bus/8304.shtml |title=Birchmount Garage |work=Transit Toronto |date=25 January 2019 |access-date=24 August 2020}}</ref>
|-
| Eglinton (Egl)<ref>Sometimes called New Eglinton or Comstock</ref>
| 2002
| 38 Comstock Rd., Scarborough
| 2 wash racks; 2 fueling stations; 14 twelve-metre hoists; 4 inspection pits; UWE heating system for buses stored outside;<ref name="TT-8311">{{cite web |url=https://transittoronto.ca/bus/8311.shtml |title=Eglinton Garage |work=Transit Toronto |date=25 January 2019 |access-date=24 August 2020}}</ref> electric bus recharging<ref name="TTC-2019-10-25" />
|-
| Lakeshore ({{tooltip|W-T|Wheel-Trans}})
| 1980
| 580 Commissioners St., Toronto
| {{convert|7|acre|abbr=on|order=flip}} of land; {{convert|52000|sqft|abbr=on|order=flip}} of maintenance space; {{convert|8000|sqft|abbr=on|order=flip}} of office space; supporting Wheel-Trans and community buses<ref name="TT-8303">{{cite web |url=https://transittoronto.ca/bus/8303.shtml |title=Lakeshore Garage |work=Transit Toronto |date=29 April 2013 |access-date=24 August 2020}}</ref>
|-
| Malvern (Mal)
| 1983
| 5050 Sheppard Ave. East, Scarborough
| {{convert|228000|sqft|abbr=on|order=flip}} facility; 2 wash racks; 2 fueling stations; 12 twelve-metre hoists; 3 eighteen-metre hoists; 4 inspection pits; indoor bus storage; Eurovac system<ref name="TT-8305">{{cite web |url=https://transittoronto.ca/bus/8305.shtml |title=Malvern Garage |work=Transit Toronto |date=25 January 2019 |access-date=24 August 2020}}</ref>
|-
| McNicoll (McN)
| 2021
| 225 Milliken Blvd., Scarborough
| {{convert|29000|sqm|abbr=on}} facility, capacity for 250 12-metre buses, repair bays with 14 hoists and 2 inspection pits, paint and body shops with 2 bays and one hoist, degrease room with one hoist, rooftop solar panels for office HVAC and lighting, green roof<ref name="TTC-2021-03-20">{{cite web |url=http://www.ttc.ca/News/2021/March/20_03_21NR_mcnicoll_official_opening.jsp |title=TTC celebrates opening of new bus facility, McNicoll Garage |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |date=20 March 2020 |access-date=24 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325011911/http://www.ttc.ca/News/2021/March/20_03_21NR_mcnicoll_official_opening.jsp | archive-date=25 March 2021}}</ref>
|-
| Mount Dennis (MtD)
| 2008
| 121 Industry St., York
| {{convert|253759|sqft|abbr=on|order=flip|0}} facility; 16 hoists for twelve and eighteen-metre buses, 4 cleaning stations; steam cleaning room; paint and body shops; parts and materials storage area;<ref name="TT-8313">{{cite web |url=https://transittoronto.ca/bus/8313.shtml |title=Mount Dennis Garage |work=Transit Toronto |date=11 June 2019 |access-date=24 August 2020}}</ref> electric bus recharging<ref name="TTC-2019-10-25" />
|-
| Queensway (Qsy)
| 1966
| 400 Evans Ave., Etobicoke
| {{convert|125000|sqft|abbr=on|order=flip}} facility; 1 wash rack; 1 diesel fueling station; 14 twelve-metre hoists<ref name="TT-8301">{{cite web |url=https://transittoronto.ca/bus/8301.shtml |title=Queensway Garage |work=Transit Toronto |date=17 October 2019 |access-date=11 June 2019}}</ref>
|-
| Wilson (Wil)
| 1976
| 160 Transit Rd., North York<br />[[Wilson Yard]] Complex
| {{convert|230000|sqft|abbr=on|order=flip|0}} facility; 11 twelve-metre hoists and 3 eighteen-metre hoists; 2 wash racks, 2 diesel fuelling stations; 4 inspection pits; Eurovac system<ref name="TT-5304">{{cite web |url=https://transittoronto.ca/subway/5304.shtml |title=The Wilson Garage and Subway Yard |work=Transit Toronto |date=11 June 2019 |access-date=24 August 2020}}</ref>
|}

For major bus overhauls, the TTC uses the Duncan Shop (W.{{nbsp}}E.{{nbsp}}P. Duncan Building) and the D.{{nbsp}}W. Harvey Shops at the [[Hillcrest Complex]].<ref name="TheStar-2013-12-30">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/city_hall/2013/12/30/ttc_rebuilds_its_fleet_one_bus_at_a_time.html |title=TTC rebuilds its fleet one bus at a time |first=Tess |last=Kalinowski |date=30 December 2013 |work=News / City Hall |publisher=Toronto Star |access-date=24 August 2020}}</ref>

{{as of|2020}}, three garages have equipment to recharge electric buses: Arrow Road (for [[New Flyer]] buses),<ref name="TheStar-2019-06-03" /> Mount Dennis (for [[Proterra (bus manufacturer)|Proterra]] buses)<ref name="TTC-2019-10-25" /> and Eglinton (for [[BYD Auto|BYD]] buses).<ref name="TTC-2019-10-25" />

{{as of|2020|8}}, the TTC has been in negotiation with [[Toronto Hydro]] and [[Ontario Power Generation]] (OPG) to set up eBus infrastructure at TTC garages. Toronto Hydro would increase electrical capacity at each TTC garage, and OPG would design, build, operate and maintain all charging infrastructure at garages. The TTC hopes to get TTC board approval in the first quarter of 2021.<ref name="TTC-CEO-2020-08">{{cite web |url=http://www.ttc.ca/PDF/About_the_TTC/CEO_Report/CEO%27s%20Report-August%202020.pdf |title=CEO's Report August 2020 |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |access-date=23 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823004301/http://www.ttc.ca/PDF/About_the_TTC/CEO_Report/CEO%27s%20Report-August%202020.pdf |archive-date=23 August 2020}}</ref>

=== Former garages ===
{{more citations needed|section|date=March 2021}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Former garages
! width="15%" | Yard
! Location
! Year opened
! Year closed
! width="50%" | Notes
|-
| Danforth (Dan)
| [[Danforth Avenue|Danforth Ave.]] & Coxwell Ave.
| 1915; 1921–1922 (additions by TTC)
| 2002
| Built for the [[Toronto Civic Railways]] in 1915 and additional indoor storage added by TTC in 1921–1922; re-purposed as bus garage in 1967; closed in 2002 but still used by TTC for storage and office space<ref name="TT-8307">{{cite web |url=https://transittoronto.ca/bus/8307.shtml |title=Danforth Carhouse And Garage |work=Transit Toronto |first=Godfrey |last=Mallion |date=26 August 2017 |access-date=12 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
| Davenport (Dav)
| [[Davenport Road|Davenport Rd.]] & [[Bathurst Street (Toronto)|Bathurst St.]]
| 1924
| 1993
| Attached to [[Hillcrest Complex]]
|-
| Eglinton (Egl)
| [[Eglinton Avenue|Eglinton Ave.]] West & [[Yonge Street|Yonge St.]]
| 1922
| 2002; demolished
| Built to replace TRC Yorkville Carhouse and retired as carhouse in 1948 to become bus garage until 2002; most of facility now demolished and remainder used as temporary bus terminal until opening of [[Line 5 Eglinton]]
|-
| Lansdowne (Lan)
| [[Lansdowne Avenue|Lansdowne Ave.]] & Paton Ave.<br />{{small|(located north of [[Bloor Street|Bloor St.]])}}
| 1911
| 1996; demolished 2003
| Built for the [[Toronto Railway Company]] and acquired by TTC in 1921; became a trolley bus garage in 1947 and streetcar storage ended 1967; abandoned after 1996 and demolished 2003. Site a vacant and fenced-off lot.
|}<!-- Parkdale Bus Garage (1947–1980) – demolished and now Sorauren Avenue Park
Sherbourne Bus Garage (1930–1980) – demolished
Woodbine Bus Garage (1954–1956) – demolished -->

== Vehicles ==
=== Fleet ===
<!--Please do NOT put unsourced or CPTDB data into this table, as this may lead to the deletion of entries or the entire table due to violations of editorial standards. The table is as of a specific TTC service summary date and should be frozen until the next service summary is issued.-->
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Bus fleet as per TTC Service Summary of 14 June 2025<ref name="TTC-Srv-Sum">{{cite web |title=Service Summary – March 30, 2025 to May 10, 2025 |url=https://stevemunro.ca/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/service-summary-2025-03-30.pdf |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]]}}</ref>{{rp|last page}}
! Series
! Model
! In service
! class="unsortable" | Garage
! Built
! Seats
! Length (m)
! Propulsion
! Manufacturer
|-
| 1000–1149
| [[Orion VII]]
| 22{{efn|name=Retiring}}
| {{Abbr|MtD|Mount Dennis}}
| 2006
| 38
| 12
| Diesel-electric
| [[Orion Bus Industries]]
|-
| 1200–1423
| Orion VII "Next Gen"
| 139{{efn|name=Retiring}}
| {{Abbr|Arw|Arrow}}, {{Abbr|Mal|Malvern}}, {{Abbr|MtD|Mount Dennis}}
| 2007–2008
| 36
| 12
| Diesel-electric
| [[Orion Bus Industries|Daimler Buses North America]]
|-
| 1500–1689
| Orion VII "Next Gen"
| 39{{efn|name=Retiring}}
| {{Abbr|Mal|Malvern}}
| 2008
| 36
| 12
| Diesel-electric
| Daimler Buses North America
|-
| 3100–3369
| [[Nova Bus LFS|LFS]]
| 270
| {{Abbr|McN|McNicoll}}, {{Abbr|Qsy|Queensway}}
| 2018
| 33
| 12
| Diesel
| [[Nova Bus]]
|-
| 3400–3454
| LFS Hybrid
| 55
| {{Abbr|Mal|Malvern}}
| 2018
| 33
| 12
| Diesel-electric
| Nova Bus
|-
| 3455–3654
| LFS Hybrid
| 200
| {{Abbr|Arw|Arrow}}, {{Abbr|Mal|Malvern}}, {{Abbr|Wil|Wilson}}
| 2019
| 33
| 12
| Diesel-electric
| Nova Bus
|-
| 3700–3724
| [[New Flyer Xcelsior#Xcelsior CHARGE|XE40]]
| 25
| {{Abbr|Arw|Arrow}}, {{Abbr|Bir|Birchmount}}
| 2019–2020
| 33
| 12
| Battery-electric
| [[New Flyer]] Industries
|-
| 3725–3749
| [[Proterra Catalyst]] BE40
| 25
| {{Abbr|MtD|Mount Dennis}}
| 2019–2020
| 32
| 12
| Battery-electric
| [[Proterra (bus manufacturer)|Proterra]]
|-
| 3750–3759
| [[BYD Company|BYD]] K9M
| 10
| {{Abbr|Egl|Eglinton}}
| 2019–2020
| 35
| 12
| Battery-electric
| [[BYD Auto]]
|-
| 6000–6203
| Xcelsior XE40
| 82 of 204{{efn|name=Deliveries}}
| {{Abbr|Arw|Arrow}}, {{Abbr|Bir|Birchmount}}, {{Abbr|Egl|Eglinton}}, {{Abbr|McN|McNicoll}}, {{Abbr|MtD|Mount Dennis}}
| 2024
| 33
| 12
| Battery-electric
| [[New Flyer]] Industries
|-
|6600–6735
|LFSe+
|1 of 136{{efn|name=Deliveries}}
|{{Abbr|Egl|Eglinton}}
|2024
|33
|12
|Electric
|Nova Bus
|-
| 7000–7133
| LFS Hybrid
| 132
| {{Abbr|Wil|Wilson}}
| 2023–2024
| 33
| 12
| Diesel-electric
| Nova Bus
|-
| 7200–7333
| [[New Flyer Xcelsior|XDE40]]
| 134 
| {{Abbr|MtD|Mount Dennis}}
| 2023–2024
| 33
| 12
| Diesel-electric
| New Flyer Industries
|-
| 8100–8219
| Orion VII "Next Generation"
| 56{{efn|name=Retiring}}
| {{Abbr|Qsy|Queensway}} 
| 2010
| 36
| 12
| Diesel
| Daimler Buses North America
|-
| 8300–8396
| Orion VII
| 93{{efn|name=Retiring}}
| {{Abbr|Qsy|Queensway}}, {{Abbr|Wil|Wilson}}
| 2011–2012
| 36
| 12
| Diesel
| Daimler Buses North America
|-
| 8400–8504, 8510-8617
| LFS
| 212
| {{Abbr|Bir|Birchmount}}
| 2015–2016
| 33
| 12
| Diesel
| Nova Bus
|-
| 8620–8716, 8720-8964
| LFS
| 342
| {{Abbr|Arw|Arrow}}, {{Abbr|Bir|Birchmount}}, {{Abbr|Egl|Eglinton}}, {{Abbr|McN|McNicoll}}, {{Abbr|Qsy|Queensway}}
| 2017
| 33
| 12
| Diesel
| Nova Bus
|-
| 9000–9152
| LFS Artic
| 151
| {{Abbr|Arw|Arrow}}, {{Abbr|Mal|Malvern}}, {{Abbr|McN|McNicoll}}, {{Abbr|MtD|Mount Dennis}}, {{Abbr|Wil|Wilson}}
| 2013–2014
| 46
| 18
| Diesel
| Nova Bus
|-
| 9200–9239
| LFS
| 40
| {{Abbr|McN|McNicoll}}
| 2018
| 33
| 12
| Diesel
| Nova Bus
|-
| 9400–9467
| [[New Flyer Xcelsior|XDE60]]
| 68
| {{Abbr|McN|McNicholl}}, {{Abbr|MtD|Mount Dennis}}
| 2023–2024
| 50
| 18
| Diesel-electric
| New Flyer Industries
|-
| W500-W671 & 
W300-W351
| [[Ram ProMaster|Promaster]]
| 170{{efn|name=Deliveries}}
| {{Abbr|W-T|Lakeshore (Wheel-Trans)}}
| 2017–2025
| 6
| 6
| Gasoline
| Creative Carriage Ltd.
|-
| W700–W837
| [[Ram ProMaster|Promaster Plus]]
| 138{{efn|name=Deliveries}}
| {{Abbr|W-T|Lakeshore (Wheel-Trans)}}
| 2019–2023
| 7
| 7
| Gasoline
| ARBOC/Creative Carriage Ltd.
|}

=== Diesel low-floor buses ===
[[File:TTC 8007 - Orion VII.jpg|thumb|left|An Orion VII bus in an airport-themed livery for the 900 Airport Express bus route to [[Toronto Pearson International Airport]] from Kipling station taken in 2016]]

The TTC has a fleet of Orion VII low-floor buses built from 2006 to 2012, and the Nova LFS, built from 2015 to 2018.<ref name="TTC-Srv-Sum" />

The first order of 51 diesel low-floor diesel buses, of the D40LF model, were manufactured by [[New Flyer]] in 1999 and retired in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ttc.ca/PDF/Transit_Planning/Service_Summary_2009_05_10.pdf |title=TTC Service Summary May 10, 2009 to June 20, 2009 |access-date=24 August 2021 |archive-date=24 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824015536/http://www.ttc.ca/PDF/Transit_Planning/Service_Summary_2009_05_10.pdf}}</ref> 220 [[Orion VII]]s, manufactured by Orion Bus Industries, were added to the roster in 2003 and 2004, with another 250 acquired in 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Commission_reports_and_information/Commission_meetings/2001/Sept_25_2001/Other/Project_Funding_Appr.pdf |title=Project Funding Approval Forty-Foot Low-Floor Diesel Bus Procurement Program |access-date=24 August 2021 |archive-date=26 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191126115738/http://www.ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Commission_reports_and_information/Commission_meetings/2001/Sept_25_2001/Other/Project_Funding_Appr.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/Coupler/Annual_Reports/2005%20Annual%20Report.pdf |title=Sorry, we can't find the page you're looking for |access-date=24 August 2021 |archive-date=24 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824015539/https://www.ttc.ca/Coupler/Annual_Reports/2005%20Annual%20Report.pdf}}</ref><ref name="MOECC">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Commission_reports_and_information/Commission_meetings/2016/November_30/Reports/12_PAA_-_Purchase_285.pdf |title=Procurement Authorization Amendment – Purchase 285 Forty Foot Low Floor Clean Diesel City Buses |access-date=24 August 2021 |archive-date=11 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411011914/https://ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Commission_reports_and_information/Commission_meetings/2016/November_30/Reports/12_PAA_-_Purchase_285.pdf}}</ref> Between 2012 and 2014, the fleet was rebuilt; it took approximately eight days to complete a rebuild and cost about $175,000.<ref>Kalinowski, Tess. [https://www.thestar.com/news/city_hall/2013/12/30/ttc_rebuilds_its_fleet_one_bus_at_a_time.html TTC rebuilds its fleet one bus at a time]. 30 December 2013. ''Toronto Star.'' Retrieved on 30 November 2016.</ref> Further deliveries were added between 2006 and 2007 with 180 buses acquired with the UWE heating system removed, and an additional 217 buses between 2010 and 2012 were delivered as diesel buses instead of hybrids.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Commission_reports_and_information/Commission_meetings/2006/Jun_21_2006/Other/Deletion_Of_UWE_Outd.jsp|title = Procurement Authorization Amendment – Deletion of UWE Outdoor Storage System – Orion Vii Diesel Buses}}</ref><ref>[http://www3.ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Commission_reports_and_information/Commission_meetings/2008/Oct_23_2008/Reports/Option_to_Purchase_1.pdf October 23, 2008 Meeting Report], ttc.ca, retrieved on 12 November 2010</ref> 12 buses from the 2007 Orion order were retrofitted with luggage racks at a cost of $2,000 per bus, which replaced some of the single seats, had new airport-themed livery installed, and are dedicated to the 900 Airport Express service to [[Toronto Pearson International Airport]] from [[Kipling station]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2013/02/01/ttc_adds_luggage_racks_to_airport_runs.html|title = TTC adds luggage racks to airport runs|newspaper = The Toronto Star|date = February 2013|last1 = Kalinowski|first1 = Tess}}</ref>

After the success of the articulated buses, the TTC purchased over 213 {{Convert|40|ft|m|order=flip|adj=on}} LFS diesel buses between 2015 and 2016.<ref>30 April 2014. [http://www.ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Commission_reports_and_information/Commission_meetings/2014/April_30/Reports/40ft_Low_Floor_Clean_Diesel_Buses.pdf Procurement Authorization – Purchase of 40 Foot Low Floor Clean Diesel Buses], ''Toronto Transit Commission Report''</ref> An additional 382 buses were added to the order in 2017 and 2018 to replace the retiring Orion VII buses manufactured between 2002 and 2005 due to emissions problems, while another 270 were added in 2018 and came equipped with external security cameras and USB ports where customers could charge their mobile devices on the bus.<ref name="MOECC" /><ref>[https://cdn.ttc.ca/-/media/Project/TTC/DevProto/Documents/Home/Public-Meetings/Board/2016/May-31/Reports/19_PAA_Purchase_97_Forty_Foot_Low_Floor_Clean_Diesel_City_Bu.pdf?rev=d00c8ed4b62944ba94be6ebf20967211&hash=3FD5DB904BC8A23995742E64B7F381CB Procurement Authorization Amendment – Purchase 97 Forty Foot Low Floor Clean Diesel City Buses], Toronto Transit Commission, Retrieved 8 May 2017.</ref><ref>[https://ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Commission_reports_and_information/Commission_meetings/2016/November_30/Reports/12_PAA_-_Purchase_285.pdf Procurement Authorization Amendment – Purchase 285 Forty Foot Low Floor Clean Diesel City Buses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411011914/https://ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Commission_reports_and_information/Commission_meetings/2016/November_30/Reports/12_PAA_-_Purchase_285.pdf |date=11 April 2021}}, Toronto Transit Commission, Retrieved 8 May 2017.</ref><ref>[https://cdn.ttc.ca/-/media/Project/TTC/DevProto/Documents/Home/Public-Meetings/Board/2017/September-5/9_PA_Purchase_440_Low_Floor_Clean_Diesel_Buses.pdf?rev=5c0f757b610c493399d1aa0eeedbfe86&hash=2DDEF8F2B6764280399B5F7C14D11234 Procurement Authorization Amendment – Purchase 440 Forty Foot Low Floor Clean Diesel City Buses] retrieved 26 May 2018.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.blogto.com/tech/2018/07/ttc-bus-usb-charging-toronto/|title=This is what the new TTC buses with USB charging look like}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/4879378/ttc_external_cameras_surface_vehicles/|title = TTC says buses, streetcars to start taking external-facing video – Toronto &#124; Globalnews.ca}}</ref>

=== Articulated buses ===
[[File:TTC bus 9143 - Nova LFS Artic.jpg|thumb|Nova LFS diesel articulated bus]]
Introduced in 2013, the Nova Bus articulated buses are the third generation of articulated buses in Toronto, the earlier two being those manufactured by [[General Motors]] (operating from 1982 to 1987) and by Orion-Ikarus (operating from 1987 to 2003). The total cost of the Nova articulated fleet was $143.7{{nbsp}}million. Fewer operators are required as the 18-metre articulated bus (carrying 46 seated and approximately 31 standing passengers) has 45 percent more passenger capacity than a 12-metre bus. Each bus can accommodate two standard wheelchairs and provides nine priority passenger seats. Each bus features three doors, LED interior and exterior lighting and automatic central air conditioning and heating. The "clean diesel" engines minimize engine exhaust emissions using electronic engine controls and treatment systems for diesel exhaust.<ref name="Coupler-2012-10-11">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/Coupler/Editorial/News/Articulated_buses_in_2013.jsp |title=Articulated buses returning to fleet in 2013 |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |date=11 October 2012 |access-date=14 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200914204419/https://www.ttc.ca/Coupler/Editorial/News/Articulated_buses_in_2013.jsp | archive-date=14 September 2020}}</ref><ref name="TTC-Artic">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Projects/New_Vehicles/Articulated_Buses/index.jsp |title=Articulated Buses |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |access-date=14 September 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150415145544/https://www.ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Projects/New_Vehicles/Articulated_Buses/index.jsp |archive-date=15 April 2015}}</ref><ref name="TTC-2013-10-03">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/News/2013/October/1003_Articu_Bus.jsp |title=TTC introduces new articulated bus |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |date=3 October 2013 |access-date=14 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191123174714/https://www.ttc.ca/News/2013/October/1003_Articu_Bus.jsp | archive-date=23 November 2019}}</ref>

In late April 2017, the TTC temporarily withdrew the entire Nova articulated fleet from service because one of the buses experienced a "full throttle", that is, an unexpected acceleration. Nova provided a software fix that required 20 minutes per bus to install allowing buses to go back into service.<ref name="TTC-2017-04-28">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/News/2017/April/27_04_17NR_NovaBuses.jsp |title=TTC grounds articulated bus fleet over safety concern |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |date=28 April 2017 |access-date=14 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614064259/https://www.ttc.ca/News/2017/April/27_04_17NR_NovaBuses.jsp | archive-date=14 June 2019}}</ref>

The fourth generation of articulated buses will be [[#Hybrid-electric buses|hybrid-electric]] produced by New Flyer Industries.<ref name="TTC-2023-04-19" />

=== Hybrid-electric buses ===
[[File:TTC bus 3461 - Nova LFS Hybrid.jpg|thumb|Nova LFS hybrid bus]]
The TTC has three models of hybrid-electric buses (also called diesel-electric buses), Orion VII built from 2006 to 2009, the LFS Hybrid built in 2018-2019 and 2023, and the New Flyer XDE40 built in 2023.<ref name="TTC-Srv-Sum" />

The Orion VII hybrid buses, like its diesel counterparts, have features such as air-conditioning, GPS for automatic stop announcements, a wheelchair ramp and the ability to kneel at the front door for easier boarding. Fuel savings of 10 to 30 percent were expected compared to diesel buses. However, the model achieved only 10 percent savings because it was designed to work best in stop-and-go traffic that occurs mainly in downtown Toronto. The batteries were problematic requiring replacement every 18 months when they were expected to last five years. At $700,000 per bus, the hybrid was $200,000 more expensive than a diesel-only bus.<ref name="City-Green">{{cite web |url=https://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2008/ex/bgrd/backgroundfile-15971.pdf |title=Green Fleet Plan for TTC, Police, Fire & EMS 2008–2011 |publisher=[[Municipal government of Toronto|City of Toronto]] |date=September 2008 |access-date=5 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128213137/https://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2008/ex/bgrd/backgroundfile-15971.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2019}}</ref><ref name="TheStar-2008-10-18">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2008/10/18/ttc_going_diesel_again_after_hybrid_bus_glitch.html |title=TTC going diesel again after hybrid bus glitch |newspaper=[[Toronto Star]] |first=Tess |last=Kalinowski |date=18 October 2008 |access-date=1 September 2020}}</ref>

The LFS Hybrid is essentially an electric bus with an onboard diesel generator to produce electricity to recharge an onboard battery as needed. Unlike for electric buses, the battery is not recharged overnight. These diesel-electric buses use 25 percent less fuel than a diesel bus. Also, energy produced by descending a hill or braking will help recharge the battery. The bus is driven by an electric motor with electricity drawn from the on-board battery. On-board systems such as doors, HVAC, power steering, etc. are electrically powered.<ref name="TTC-2018-11-20" /><ref name="TTC-green">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/Riding_the_TTC/green_initiatives.jsp |title=TTC Green Initiatives |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |access-date=1 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610222252/https://www.ttc.ca/Riding_the_TTC/green_initiatives.jsp |archive-date=10 June 2020}}</ref>

In February 2022, the TTC ordered 336 hybrid-electric buses that were delivered in 2023 and 2024. By 2024, the bus fleet was to consist entirely of low- and zero-emission buses. The hybrid-electric buses ordered in 2022 were to be the last hybrid-electric buses that the TTC purchased; subsequent bus purchases were to consist of zero-emission vehicles only. The 2022 order included:<ref name="TTC-2023-04-19">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/news/2023/April/TTC-adds-336-new-hybrid-electric-buses-to-its-fleet |title=TTC adds 336 new hybrid-electric buses to its fleet |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |date=19 April 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419221730/https://www.ttc.ca/news/2023/April/TTC-adds-336-new-hybrid-electric-buses-to-its-fleet | archivedate=19 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* Nova Bus: 134 {{convert|40|ft|m|order=flip|adj=on|spell=in}} hybrid-electric buses 
* New Flyer Industries: 134 {{convert|40|ft|m|order=flip|adj=on|spell=in}} hybrid-electric buses
* New Flyer Industries: 68 {{convert|60|ft|m|order=flip|adj=on|spell=in}} articulated hybrid-electric buses

=== Electric buses ===
[[File:TTC bus 3752 - BYD K9M.jpg|thumb|[[BYD Auto|BYD]] K9M eBus]]
The TTC has a goal to operate an emissions-free bus fleet by 2040. In 2018, the TTC received three demonstrator electric buses for evaluation to test the performance of electric vehicles. The TTC received one bus each from manufacturers: California-based [[Proterra (bus manufacturer)|Proterra]], Winnipeg-based [[New Flyer]] (part of [[NFI Group]]) and China-based [[BYD Auto|BYD]].<ref name="TheStar-2018-04-18">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2018/04/18/ttc-tests-battery-powered-buses-as-it-gears-up-for-a-green-future.html |first=Ben |last=Spurr |title=TTC tests battery-powered buses as it gears up for a green future |newspaper=The Toronto Star |date=20 April 2018 |access-date=26 March 2019}}</ref>

In April 2019, the TTC received the first of 60 electric buses after ordering 25 each from Proterra and New Flyer, and 10 from BYD. The 60 buses, plus infrastructure changes at three TTC garages, had cost approximately $140{{Nbsp}}million with the federal government paying $65{{Nbsp}}million of that cost.<ref name="TheStar-2019-04-16">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2019/04/16/ttc-receives-first-battery-powered-zero-emissions-bus.html |title=TTC receives first battery-powered, zero-emissions bus |newspaper=[[Toronto Star]] |first=Alexandra |last=Jones |date=16 April 2019 |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="TTC-green" />

The buses are powered exclusively by lithium-ion batteries that take about three hours to recharge. The buses are expected to travel approximately {{convert|200|km}} on a single charge; however, when the bus heater activates in cold weather, the range is reduced by 30 to 50 percent. (For perspective, an electric bus on the 35 Jane route travels about {{convert|78|km}} in a day.) Per year, each electric bus will reduce [[carbon dioxide]] emissions by {{convert|149.2|MT|lk=out}} and eliminate diesel fuel costs of $56,000. The electric buses are 15 to 20 percent quieter in motion, and 85 percent quieter when idling.<ref name="TheStar-2019-04-16" /> These buses, with a 440,000-watt onboard battery, can be used as mobile power plants during power outages, by plugging the bus into a building such as a hospital.<ref name="TTC-green" />

BYD buses require different recharging infrastructure than Proterra and New Flyer buses, with the former using AC ([[alternating current]]) and the latter two using DC ([[direct current]]). The Eglinton garage has AC recharging, while Arrow Road, Birchmount and Mount Dennis garages have DC.<ref name="TTC-2020-09-15" />

In April 2023, the TTC had a new overhead charging system installed at its Birchmount garage to charge electric buses. The charging system has 10 pantographs, each descending from a gantry to contact receptors on the roof of an electric bus. The new system was more efficient and took less space than the previous plug-in charging system. PowerON Energy Solutions, an [[Ontario Power Generation]] subsidiary, supplied the new charging system.<ref name="TTC-2023-04-21">{{cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/ttc-poweron-energy-solutions-10-new-electric-bus-charging-pantographs-1.6818844 |title=Toronto officials unveil 10 new charging stations for TTC battery-electric buses |work=[[CBC News]] |accessdate=21 April 2023}}</ref>

In late April 2023, the federal government and the city announced they would jointly provide $700{{Nbsp}}million to fund the electrification of the TTC's bus fleet. The federal government would contribute $349{{Nbsp}}million and the city would provide the remaining $351{{Nbsp}}million. With this funding, the TTC would purchase 340 zero-emission buses and 248 bus chargers, and upgrade garage infrastructure at eight garages.<ref name="TTC-2023-04-24">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/news/2023/April/Government-of-Canada-invests-in-Zero-Emission-Public-Transit-Infrastructure-in-Toronto |title=Government of Canada invests in Zero Emission Public Transit Infrastructure in Toronto |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |date=24 April 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424235757/https://www.ttc.ca/news/2023/April/Government-of-Canada-invests-in-Zero-Emission-Public-Transit-Infrastructure-in-Toronto | archivedate=24 April 2023 }}</ref> The TTC planned to buy zero-emission buses exclusively by 2025 and to have the entire fleet converted to zero-emission vehicles by 2040.<ref name="TTC-2023-04-19" />

== Amenities ==
=== USB ports ===
Since 2018, some of the newer TTC buses are equipped with 12 pairs<!--24 total--> of [[USB-A]] ports throughout the bus for passengers to charge their mobile devices.<ref>https://www.blogto.com/tech/2018/07/ttc-new-bus-usb-toronto/</ref>

=== Bicycle racks ===
[[File:TTC 8213 Rocket bike rack.jpg|thumb|Bicycle rack-mounted on a TTC Orion VII NG bus]]
All TTC buses, except Wheel-Trans vehicles, are equipped with folding [[Bicycle carrier|bicycle racks]] installed on the front of the bus. Depending on the bus model, the rack can hold either one or two bicycles. Cyclists must remove all loose or detachable accessories from bicycles stored on the rack. If all the rack slots are full, bicycles may be stored inside buses except during rush hours.<ref name="BikeRacks">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/riding-the-ttc/bike-and-ride/taking-your-bike-on-TTC-vehicles |title=Taking your bike on TTC Vehicles |work=ttc.ca |access-date=8 September 2020}}</ref>

==== Background ====
In mid-2005, the TTC began a pilot project to test bicycle racks on six selected routes as a way to boost ridership and to be more environmentally friendly.<ref name="BikeRackPilot">{{cite web |url=http://wx.toronto.ca/inter/it/newsrel.nsf/11476e3d3711f56e85256616006b891f/480a65859bb924dd85256fdc004f0f13 |title=TTC Approves Bicycle Racks on Buse |publisher=[[City of Toronto]] |date=7 April 2005 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200909011831/http://wx.toronto.ca/inter/it/newsrel.nsf/11476e3d3711f56e85256616006b891f/480a65859bb924dd85256fdc004f0f13 |archive-date=9 September 2020 |access-date=9 September 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In July 2007, the Commission authorized the addition of bike racks to the remainder of the TTC bus fleet except for buses to be retired over the following three years. The 2007 expenditure for installation was an unbudgeted $250,000, to be covered by a shortfall in 2007 capital expenditures. The Commission included another $1,720,000 in the 2008–2012 capital budget to install bike racks on remaining buses. All new buses ordered would be delivered either with bike racks installed or at least mounting brackets for TTC staff to install the racks.<ref name="TTC-2007-07-11">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Commission_reports_and_information/Commission_meetings/2007/July_11_2007/Other/Installation_Of_Bicy.jsp |title=Installation Of Bicycle Racks On Existing Buses |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |access-date=8 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614181446/https://www.ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Commission_reports_and_information/Commission_meetings/2007/July_11_2007/Other/Installation_Of_Bicy.jsp | archive-date=14 June 2019}}</ref> In December 2011, bike racks were available on all TTC buses except minibuses.<ref name="TTC-2011-12-20" />

The Nova Bus LFS articulated buses came factory-equipped with bike racks, as did the non-articulated LFS buses that entered service in 2015. The racks were sealed in October 2014, by order of the [[Ministry of Labour (Ontario)|Ministry of Labour]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/news/2014/October/TTC-working-to-resolve-bike-rack-concerns-following-Ministry-of-Labour-order |title=TTC working to resolve bike rack concerns following Ministry of Labour order |work=ttc.ca |date=20 October 2014}}</ref> because of concerns about bikes on the racks obscuring the drivers' view. In May 2015, the slot closer to the bus was authorised for use. The other is sealed off with metal panels, and the retention hooks have been removed. Once the first slot is full, cyclists may bring their bikes inside the articulated bus during off-peak hours at the driver's discretion.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/news/2015/May/TTC-bike-rack-changes-to-buses |title=TTC bike rack changes to buses |work=ttc.ca |date=14 May 2015}}</ref>

== Shelters ==
{{Expand section|date=May 2018}}
Prior to the 1980s, the bus shelters on TTC routes were installed and maintained by the TTC and the various municipalities of [[Metropolitan Toronto]] and lacked advertising. Within the old city of Toronto, they were metal frames with large glass panes, but the suburban ones were metal-clad with fibreglass and smaller glass windows. A few older shelters, like Otter Loop (Small Arms and Coxwell Loops were similar for use on streetcar routes), were formal brick-and-glass structures; most of these disappeared in 1960s or 1970s, with Otter's structure surviving into the early 2000s.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://transittoronto.ca/archives/weblog/2006/04/03-save_otter.shtml |title=Save Otter Loop? – Transit Toronto – Weblog |website=transittoronto.ca}}</ref> However, during the mid-2010s, the Otter Loop bus shelter was removed and the area was converted into Heart Park.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://urbantoronto.ca/news/2020/03/then-and-now-site-ttcs-former-otter-loop|title = Then and Now: The Site of the TTC's Former Otter Loop &#124; UrbanToronto}}</ref>

Shelters and related third-party advertising displays had been installed by Trans Ad<ref name="strategyonline">{{cite web |url=http://strategyonline.ca/2000/04/24/mediacomurban-20000424/ |title=Mediacom buys Urban Outdoor, retires brand |date=24 April 2000 |publisher=Strategy News |quote=Toronto-based Urban Outdoor Trans Ad has been absorbed by Mediacom. The sale comes just six months after Urban Outdoor suffered a crippling blow, losing the $75-million Toronto Transit Commission contract – the largest such concession in Canada – to Transportation Displays Inc. (TDI) of New York. |access-date=26 October 2015}}</ref> and later by [[Outfront Media]] (formerly CBS Outdoor, Mediacom and TDI<ref name="strategyonline" />) and [[Astral Media]] (a division of [[Bell Canada]]), both of which are also responsible for all other forms of non-electronic advertising on the TTC (excluding posters and digital advertising in the [[Toronto subway]] system and on buses and streetcars, which are managed by [[Pattison Outdoor Advertising]], which includes OneStop Media for digital billboards).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pattisonoutdoor.com/products/transit/|title = TRANSIT &#124; Vehicle Interior Exterior &#124; Station Stops &#124; GO Transit &#124; Ferries}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pattisononestop.com/networks/ttc/ |title=TTC |website=pattisononestop.com}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[GM New Look (Toronto Transit Commission bus)]]<!--Don't bypass redirect per [[WP:NOTBROKEN]]-->

==Notes==
{{notelist|refs=
{{efn|name=Retiring|Retirements in progress}}
{{efn|name=Deliveries|Deliveries in progress}}
}}

== References ==
{{Reflist
|refs=

<ref name="TT-8112">{{cite web |url=https://transittoronto.ca/bus/8112.shtml |title=Toronto'S Forgotten Bus Networks (A Brief History of the non-TTC Bus Operations within the City Of Toronto) |work=Transit Toronto |first=James |last=Bow |date=6 May 2018 |access-date=2 September 2020}}</ref>

<ref name="TTC-story">{{cite book |title=The Toronto Trolley Car Story 1921–1961 |first=Louis H. |last=Pursley |publisher=Interurbans: electric railway publications |year=1961}}</ref>

<ref name="TTC-stats">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Operating_Statistics/2018/index.jsp |title=2018 Operating Statistics |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |access-date=3 September 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304003426/https://www.ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Operating_Statistics/2018/index.jsp | archivedate=4 March 2021}}</ref>

<ref name="TTC-routes">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/routes-and-schedules#/listroutes/bus |title=Bus Routes |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |access-date=31 October 2021}}</ref>

<ref name="TTC-map">{{cite web |url=https://ttc-cdn.azureedge.net/-/media/Project/TTC/DevProto/Images/Home/Routes-and-Schedules/Landing-page-pdfs/TTC_SystemMap_2021-11.pdf |title=System Map |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |access-date=3 September 2020}}</ref>

<ref name="TTC-Wheel-Trans">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/wheel-trans |title=Wheel-Trans |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |access-date=3 September 2020}}</ref>

}}

== External links ==
* [https://transittoronto.ca/bus/ Transit Toronto Bus Pages]
* {{YouTube|k721zVZDjWU|New Scarborough bus-only lanes hope to make transit more reliable}} published by the [[Toronto Star]] on 6 October 2020

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[[Category:Toronto Transit Commission]]