View source for Toona

{{Short description|Genus of plants}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|image =Starr_030405-0246_Toona_ciliata.jpg
|image_caption = ''[[Toona ciliata]]'' (Type species)
|taxon = Toona
|authority = ([[Stephan Endlicher|Endl.]]) [[Max Joseph Roemer|M.Roem.]]<ref name="GRIN">{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?12192 |title=Genus: ''Toona'' (Endl.) M. Roem. |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |date=1996-09-17 |access-date=2011-04-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011141843/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?12192 |archive-date=2012-10-11 }}</ref>
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision = See text
|synonyms = 
*''Fabrenia'' {{small|[[Francisco Noronha|Noronha]]}}
*''Surenus'' {{small|[[Georg Eberhard Rumphius|Rumph.]] ex [[Otto Kuntze|Kuntze]]}}
|synonyms_ref = {{R|POWO}}
}}

'''''Toona''''', commonly known as '''red cedar''',<ref>{{PLANTS|id=TOONA|taxon=Toona|accessdate=11 December 2015}}</ref> '''toon''' (also spelled '''tun''') or '''toona''', '''tooni''' (in Nepal and India) is a [[genus]] in the mahogany family, [[Meliaceae]], native from [[Afghanistan]] south to [[India]], and east to [[North Korea]], [[Papua New Guinea]] and eastern [[Australia]].<ref>{{cite book |first=David |last=Mabberley |title=Mabberley's Plant-Book |edition=3 |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-521-82071-4 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=863}}</ref> In older texts, the genus was often incorporated within a wider circumscription of the related genus ''[[Cedrela]]'', but that genus is now restricted to species from the Americas.

==Uses==
[[Image:ToonaSinensis.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Chinese Toon tree (''[[Toona sinensis]]'')]]

===Ornamental use===
''[[Toona sinensis]]'' is of interest as by far the most cold-tolerant species in the Meliaceae, native in China as far north as 40°N in the [[Beijing]] area, where its tender shoots, called ''xiangchun'' ({{zh|c=香椿|p=xiāngchūn}}), are a traditional local leaf vegetable. It is the only member of the family that can be cultivated successfully in northern Europe, where it is sometimes planted as an ornamental tree in parks and avenues. Until recently,{{when|reason=|date=November 2024}} it had no widespread English common name, though Chinese Mahogany (reflecting its botanical relationship) is now used (e.g. Rushforth 1999).<ref>{{cite book |first=K. |last=Rushforth |year=1999 |title=Trees of Britain and Europe |publisher=HarperCollins |location=London}}</ref>

===Wood source===
''[[Toona ciliata]]'' is an important timber tree. It provides a valuable hardwood used for furniture, ornamental panelling, shipbuilding, and musical instruments like the [[sitar]], [[rudra veena]], and drums. Due to the restrictions in recent years on the use of natively-grown American mahogany,<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.cites.org/eng/prog/mwg.php| title = Bigleaf mahogany {{!}} CITES}}</ref> it has become one of the common mahogany replacements in electric guitar manufacturing.

===Medicinal and culinary uses===
''[[Toona sinensis]]'' is used in Chinese traditional medicine and eaten as a vegetable or sauce in China (leaves and shoots).

==Species==
[[File:Toona calantas (Philippine mahogany) seeds - 7.jpeg|thumb|Philippine mahogany (''[[Toona calantas|Toona&nbsp;calantas]]'') fruit and seeds]]
{{As of|2024|04|11}}, six species are recognised by [[Plants of the World Online]],{{R|POWO}} as follows:
*''[[Toona calantas]]'' {{small|Merr. & Rolfe}} - [[Malesia]], New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago.
*''[[Toona calcicola]]'' {{small|Rueangr., Tagane & Suddee}} - Thailand.
*''[[Toona ciliata]]'' {{small|M.Roem.}} - Pakistan to southern China, SE Asia and Australia.
*''[[Toona fargesii]]'' {{small|A.Chev.}} - Eastern Himalayas to southern China.
*''[[Toona sinensis]]'' {{small|(A.Juss.) M.Roem.}} - Pakistan to China and Malesia.
*''[[Toona sureni]]'' {{small|(Blume) Merr.}} - Southern China, Malesia and [[Papuasia]].

==References==
{{Reflist|28em|refs=
<ref name="POWO">{{cite web |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:26849-1 |title=''Toona'' M.Roem. |website=[[Plants of the World Online]] |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |year=2024 |access-date=11 April 2024}}</ref>
}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Toona.html University of Melbourne: Sorting ''Toona'' names]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090930060301/http://www.colongwilderness.org.au/RedIndex/NSW/newen99.htm New England, The Wilderness Society, Armidale Branch]
*[http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Toona~ciliata New South Wales Flora Online]
* {{cite book |url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=133129 |author= Hua Peng and Jennifer M. Edmonds |chapter=Toona|title=Flora of China |access-date= 19 January 2014}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2697430}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Toona| ]]
[[Category:Meliaceae genera]]