View source for Tokyo Stock Exchange

{{short description|Stock exchange in Tokyo, Japan}}
{{For|the stock exchange historically referred to as TSE|Toronto Stock Exchange}}
{{Update|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox exchange
|name       = Tokyo Stock Exchange
|alt_name   = {{lang|ja|東京証券取引所}}
|logo       = [[file:Japan Exchange Group logo.svg|75px]] 
|logo_caption= The TSE uses the logo of its parent company, the [[Japan Exchange Group]].
| image= Tokyo Stock Exchange Main Building (1988).jpg
| image_size = 220px
| image_caption = Façade of the [[Tokyo Stock Exchange Building]]
|type       = [[Stock exchange]]
|city       = Tokyo
|country    = Japan
|coor       = {{coord|35|40|53|N|139|46|40|E}}
|foundation = {{start date and age|1878|5|15}} (as Tokyo Kabushiki Torihikijo)<br />{{start date and age|1949|5|16}} (as Tokyo Stock Exchange)
|owner      = [[Japan Exchange Group]]
|key_people = {{ubl|Taizo Nishimuro (Chairman)|Atsushi Saito (President & CEO)|Yasuo Tobiyama (MD, COO & CFO)}}
|currency   = [[Japanese yen]]
|commodity  =
|listings   = 3,953 (September 2024)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Number of Listed Companies/Shares |url=https://www.jpx.co.jp/english/listing/co/index.html |access-date=2024-09-16 |website=Japan Exchange Group |language=en}}</ref>  
|mcap       = [[Japanese yen|¥]]973.4 trillion ([[United States dollar|$]]6.93 trillion)
(September 2024)<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 August 2024 |title=Japan: monthly market capitalization of the Tokyo Stock Exchange 2024 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1373075/japan-tokyo-stock-exchange-monthly-market-capitalization/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130000000/https://www.statista.com/statistics/1373075/japan-tokyo-stock-exchange-monthly-market-capitalization/ |archive-date=30 November 2023 |access-date=16 September 2024 |website=Statista |language=en}} [https://focus.world-exchanges.org/issue/january-2024/market-statistics Alt URL]</ref> 
|volume     =  
|indexes    = [[Nikkei 225]]<br />[[TOPIX]] 
|homepage   = {{URL|https://www.jpx.co.jp/english/|jpx.co.jp}}
|footnotes  =
}}
The {{nihongo|'''Tokyo Stock Exchange'''|東京証券取引所|Tōkyō Shōken Torihikijo}}, abbreviated as '''Tosho''' ({{lang|ja|東証}}) or '''TSE/TYO''', is a [[stock exchange]] located in [[Tokyo]], Japan.

The exchange is owned by [[Japan Exchange Group]] (JPX), a holding company that it also lists ({{TYO|8697}}), and operated by Tokyo Stock Exchange, Inc.,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Company Profile - Tokyo Stock Exchange |url=https://www.jpx.co.jp/english/corporate/about-jpx/profile/01.html |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=Japan Exchange Group |language=en}}</ref> a wholly owned subsidiary of JPX. JPX was formed from the merger of Tokyo Stock Exchange Group, Inc. with Osaka Securities Exchange Co., Ltd.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=News from OSE |url=https://www.jpx.co.jp/english/corporate/about-jpx/history/ose-120705-02.html |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=Japan Exchange Group |language=en |archive-date=2023-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825153633/https://www.jpx.co.jp/english/corporate/about-jpx/history/ose-120705-02.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> (now [[Osaka Exchange|Osaka Exchange, Inc.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Company Profile - Osaka Exchange |url=https://www.jpx.co.jp/english/corporate/about-jpx/profile/02.html |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=Japan Exchange Group |language=en}}</ref>); the merger process began in July 2012, when said merger was approved by the [[Japan Fair Trade Commission]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 5, 2012 |title=Japan approves merger of Tokyo and Osaka exchanges |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-18718093 |url-status=live |access-date=July 7, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120706123636/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-18718093 |archive-date=July 6, 2012 |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> JPX itself was launched on January 1, 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fukuyama |first=A. |date=2012-01-14 |title=Tokyo Commodity Exchange to defer merger with Japan Exchange |url=http://ajw.asahi.com/article/economy/business/AJ201201140041 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101204600/http://ajw.asahi.com/article/economy/business/AJ201201140041 |archive-date=November 1, 2012 |access-date=November 8, 2012 |website=The Asahi Shimbun |publisher=The Asahi Shimbun Company |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

==Overview==
The TSE is incorporated as a {{Lang|ja-latn|[[kabushiki gaisha]]}} ([[joint-stock company]]) with nine directors, four auditors and eight executive officers. Its headquarters are located at 2-1 [[Nihonbashi]]-[[Kabutocho|Kabutochō]], [[Chūō, Tokyo|Chūō]], [[Tokyo]] which is the largest [[financial district]] in [[Japan]].

The main indices tracking the [[Tokyo Stock Exchange#Stock market|stock market]] of TSE are the [[Nikkei 225]] index of companies selected by the ''[[Nihon Keizai Shimbun]]'' (Japan's largest business newspaper), the [[TOPIX]] index based on the share prices of Prime companies, and the J30 index of large industrial companies maintained by Japan's major broadsheet newspapers. There are also active [[bond market]] and [[futures market]].

Ninety-four domestic and 10 foreign securities companies participate in TSE trading. ''See: [[Members of the Tokyo Stock Exchange]]''

=== Press club ===
The exchange's press club, called the {{Nihongo|Kabuto Club|[[:ja:兜倶楽部|兜倶楽部]]|Kabuto kurabu}}, meets on the third floor of the TSE building. Most Kabuto Club members are affiliated with the [[Nihon Keizai Shimbun]], [[Kyodo News]], [[Jiji Press]], or business television broadcasters such as [[Bloomberg LP]] and [[CNBC]]. The Kabuto Club is generally busiest during April and May, when public companies release their annual accounts.

=== Hours ===
The exchange's normal trading sessions are from 9:00&nbsp;a.m. to 11:30&nbsp;a.m. and from 12:30&nbsp;p.m. to 3:30&nbsp;p.m. on all days of the week except Saturdays, Sundays and holidays declared by the Exchange in advance.<ref>[https://www.wikinvest.com/List_of_Stock_Exchanges Market Hours, Tokyo Securities Exchange via Wikinvest]</ref> The exchange is closed for the following holidays: [[New Year's Day]], [[Coming of Age Day]], [[National Foundation Day (Japan)|National Foundation Day]], [[Vernal Equinox Day]], [[Shōwa Day]], [[Constitution Memorial Day]], [[Greenery Day]], [[Children's Day (Japan)|Children's Day]], [[Marine Day]], [[Respect for the Aged Day]], [[September equinox|Autumnal Equinox]], [[Health and Sports Day]], [[Culture Day]], [[Labour Thanksgiving Day]], and [[The Emperor's Birthday]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=TSE : Calendar |url=http://www.tse.or.jp/english/about/calendar.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101226025805/http://www.tse.or.jp/english/about/calendar.html |archive-date=2010-12-26 |access-date=2010-10-07}}</ref>

== Stock market ==

=== First, Second and other Sections until April 4, 2022 ===
[[File:Markets of Tokyo Stock Exchange 2014-12-11.png|thumb|350x350px|Old market segments until April 2022 (in Japanese)]]
Until April 4, 2022,<ref name="prime">{{URL|https://www.jpx.co.jp/english/equities/market-restructure/market-segments/index.html}}</ref> corporate shares are listed and traded at Tokyo Stock Exchange in five market sections: the '''First Section''' which started when Tokyo Stock Exchange was re-established in 1949 and includes mainly large companies; the '''Second Section''' which started in 1961 and includes mainly mid-sized companies; '''[[JASDAQ Securities Exchange|JASDAQ]]''' (established in 1991, acquired by [[Osaka Stock Exchange]] in 2010, and absorbed into TSE in 2013) and '''[[Mothers (Tokyo Stock Exchange)|Mothers]]''' (Market of the high-growth and emerging stocks, established at TSE in 1999) which are both for emerging companies; and '''[[Tokyo Pro Market|TOKYO PRO Market]]''' which was established in 2009 jointly with [[London Stock Exchange]] as an [[Alternative Investment Market]] (Tokyo AIM) for small companies.

There were a total of 3,821 companies listed in Tokyo Stock Exchange, as of March 31, 2022.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Number of Listed Companies/Shares |url=https://www.jpx.co.jp/english/listing/co/ |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=Japan Exchange Group |language=en}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+Listed in TSE (as of March 31, 2022)
!Business size
! colspan="2" |Market names
!Total
!(Overseas 
companies)
|-
|Large
| rowspan="2" |Main Market
(本則市場)
|First Section (市場第一部)
|2,176
|(1)
|-
|Mid-sized
|Second Section (市場第二部)
|475
|(1)
|-
| rowspan="3" |Emerging
| colspan="2" |Mothers (マザーズ)
|432
|(3)
|-
| rowspan="2" |JASDAQ
|Standard (スタンダード)
|652
|(1)
|-
|Growth (グロース)
|34
|(0)
|-
|Small
| colspan="2" |TOKYO PRO Market
|52
|(0)
|-
| colspan="3" |Total
|3,821
|(6)
|}

=== Prime, Standard and Growth markets since April 4, 2022 ===
[[File:Tokyo Stock Exchange reorganization in 2022 2022-01-27.png|thumb|Number of companies transitioning into the new market division structure on April 4, 2022 (in Japanese)|318x318px]]
Beginning April 4, 2022, the market divisions were restructured into the '''Prime''', '''Standard''' and '''Growth''' market divisions, differentiated by [[market liquidity]], [[corporate governance]], and other criteria.<ref name="prime" /> Companies voluntarily selected their new division between September and December 2021, and the results were published on January 11, 2022.<ref name="prime" /> From the First Section, 1841 companies were transitioned into the Prime market and 344 companies were transitioned into the Standard market. All 474 companies in the Second Section were also transitioned into the Standard market. From [[JASDAQ]], all 658 companies in its Standard subsection were transitioned into the Standard market and all 36 companies in the Growth subsection were transitioned into the Growth market, along with all 424 companies in the [[Mothers (Tokyo Stock Exchange)|Mothers]] section.

There were a total of 3,899 companies listed in Tokyo Stock Exchange, as of 21 August 2023.<ref name=":0" />

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Listed in TSE (as of 21 August 2023)
|-
!Business size
!Market names!!Total!!(Overseas <br />companies)
|-
|Large
|Prime Market (プライム市場)||1,834||(1)
|-
|Mid-sized
|Standard Market (スタンダード市場)||1,440||(2)
|-
|Emerging
|Growth Market (グロース市場)
|546
|(3)
|-
|Small
|TOKYO PRO Market||79||(0)
|-
| colspan="2" |Total||3,899||(6)
|}

==History==

===Prewar===
The Tokyo Stock Exchange was established on May 15, 1878, as the {{Nihongo|''Tokyo Kabushiki Torihikijo''|東京株式取引所|extra=also literally means the Tokyo Stock Exchange and shortened as {{nihongo||東株|Tōkabu}}}} under the direction of then-[[Minister of Finance (Japan)|Finance Minister]] [[Ōkuma Shigenobu]] and capitalist advocate [[Shibusawa Eiichi]]. Trading began on June 1, 1878.

In 1943, the exchange was combined with eleven<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.jpx.co.jp/english/corporate/about-jpx/history/01-02.html}}</ref> other stock exchanges in major Japanese cities to form a single {{Nihongo|Japanese Stock Exchange|[[:ja:日本証券取引所|日本証券取引所]]|Nippon Shōken Torihikisho}}. The combined exchange was shut down on August 1, days before the bombing of [[Hiroshima, Hiroshima|Hiroshima]].

===Postwar===
[[file:Tokyo Stock Exchange logo.svg|150px|thumb|Logo used prior to JPX merger]] 
The Tokyo Stock Exchange reopened under its current Japanese name on May 16, 1949, pursuant to the new Securities Exchange Act.

The TSE runup from 1983 to 1990 was unprecedented, in 1990 it accounted for over 60% of the world's stock market capitalization (by far the world's largest) before falling precipitously in value and rank one of the 4th largest exchange in the world by market capitalization of listed shares.{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}}

The current TSE building was opened on May 23, 1988, replacing the original TSE building from 1931, and the trading floor of the TSE was closed on April 30, 1999, so that the exchange could switch to electronic trading for all transactions. A new facility, called {{Nihongo|TSE Arrows|[[:ja:東証アローズ|東証アローズ]]|Tōshō Arrows}}, opened on May 9, 2000. In 2010, the TSE launched its Arrowhead trading facility.<ref>[http://www.tse.or.jp/english/news/201001/100102_a.html Launch of "arrowhead", the Next-Generation Equity/CB Trading System -The Tokyo Market enters the Millisecond World with "arrowhead"], Jan. 2, 2010 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110319173922/http://www.tse.or.jp/english/news/201001/100102_a.html |date=March 19, 2011 }}</ref>

In 2001, the TSE restructured itself as a {{Lang|ja-latn|[[kabushiki gaisha]]}} ("stock company"): before this time, it was structured as an {{nihongo|incorporated association|[[:ja:社団法人|社団法人]]|shadan hōjin}} with its members as shareholders.

On 15 June 2007, the TSE paid $303 million to acquire a 4.99% stake in Singapore Exchange Ltd.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yasu |first=Mariko |date=2007-06-15 |title=Tokyo Stock Exchange Buys 4.99% of Singapore Exchange (Update2) |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601080&sid=aZ2hmIz6eyrw&refer=asia |access-date=2010-07-10 |publisher=Bloomberg}}</ref>

The [[London Stock Exchange]] (LSE) and the TSE are developing jointly traded products and share technology, marking the latest cross-border deal among [[Stock exchange|bourses]] as international competition heats up.

In July 2008, the LSE and the TSE announced a new joint venture Tokyo-based market, which will be based on the LSE's [[Alternative Investment Market]] (AIM).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ku |first=Daisy |date=July 29, 2008 |title=London bourse outlines framework for Tokyo JV |publisher=Uk.reuters.com |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/mergersNews/idUKL920962620080729?pageNumber=1&virtualBrandChannel=0 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090113011444/http://uk.reuters.com/article/mergersNews/idUKL920962620080729?pageNumber=1&virtualBrandChannel=0 |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 13, 2009 |access-date=2010-07-10}}</ref>

<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
File:Tokyo Stock Exchange Building circa 1960.jpg|Old Tokyo Stock Exchange building ({{circa}} 1960)
File:TokyoStockExchange1950.jpg|Tokyo Stock Exchange (1950)
File:The_Tokyo_Stock_Exchange_-_main_room_2.jpg|The annular electric bulletin board on the market center (2018)
File:The_Tokyo_Stock_Exchange_-_main_room_3.jpg|Main room of the Tokyo Stock Exchange (2018)
</gallery>

===Technology problems===
The exchange was only able to operate for 90 minutes on November 1, 2005, due to bugs with a newly installed transactions system, developed by [[Fujitsu]], which was supposed to help cope with higher trading volumes. The interruption in trading was the worst in the history of the exchange until October 1, 2020.<ref name="theregister.co.uk">[https://www.theregister.co.uk/2005/11/25/stock_exchange_glitch_fall_out/ Fujitsu execs take pay cut after Tokyo exchange crash], 25th November 2005</ref> Trading was suspended for four-and-a-half hours.

During the [[initial public offering]] of advertising giant [[Dentsu]], in December 2001, a trader at [[UBS|UBS Warburg]], the Swiss investment bank, sold 610,000 shares in this company at ¥6 each, while he intended to sell 16 shares at ¥600,000. The bank lost £71 million.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070216225248/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article755598.ece Fat fingered typing costs a trader's bosses £128m]</ref>

During yet another initial public offering, that of J-Com, on December 8, 2005, an employee at [[Mizuho Securities Co., Ltd.]] mistakenly typed an order to sell 600,000 shares at ¥1 each, instead of an order to sell 1 share at ¥600,000. Mizuho failed to catch the error; the Tokyo Stock Exchange initially blocked attempts to cancel the order, resulting in a net loss of US$347 million to be shared between the exchange and Mizuho. Both companies are now trying to deal with their troubles: lack of error checking, lack of safeguards, lack of reliability, lack of transparency, lack of testing, loss of confidence, and loss of profits.  On 11 December, the TSE acknowledged that its system was at fault in the Mizuho trade. On 21 December, Takuo Tsurushima, chief executive of the TSE, and two other senior executives resigned over the Mizuho affair.<ref name="theregister.co.uk" /><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/13/business/worldbusiness/13glitch.html?_r=1 Tokyo Exchange Struggles With Snarls in Electronics] NY Times, December 13, 2005</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 15, 2005 |title=What's Going on at the Tokyo Stock Exchange - Seeking Alpha |url=https://seekingalpha.com/article/5077-whats-going-on-at-the-tokyo-stock-exchange |access-date=2010-07-10 |publisher=Seeking Alpha}}</ref><ref>[http://www.finextra.com/fullstory.asp?id=14643 Tokyo Stock Exchange admits error in Mizuho trade botch-up] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311074032/http://www.finextra.com/fullstory.asp?id=14643 |date=2007-03-11 }}, 12 December 2005</ref><ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000080&sid=a0rSxr9MJe_E&refer=asia Mizuho Says Trader Error to Cost It at Least $224 Mln (Update5)], Bloomberg, December 9, 2005</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2005-12-10 |title=archives |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/worldbiz/archives/2005/12/10/2003283851 |access-date=2010-07-31 |publisher=Taipei Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=November 12, 2005 |title=Tokyo Stock Exchange plans cash settlement in Mizuho fiasco - report |work=Forbes.com |url=https://www.forbes.com/finance/feeds/afx/2005/12/11/afx2383299.html |url-status=dead |access-date=2010-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311040827/http://www.forbes.com/finance/feeds/afx/2005/12/11/afx2383299.html |archive-date=March 11, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2005-12-14 |title=Botched stock trade costs Japan firm $225M - Business - World business - NBC News |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna10394551 |access-date=2010-07-10 |publisher=NBC News}}</ref>

On January 17, 2006, the Nikkei 225 fell 2.8%, its fastest drop in nine months, as investors sold stocks across the board in the wake of a raid by prosecutors on internet company [[livedoor]]. The Tokyo Stock Exchange suspended trading 20 minutes before the close on January 18 due to the trade volume threatening to exceed the exchange's computer system's capacity of 4.5 million trades per day.  This was called the "livedoor shock". The exchange quickly increased its order capacity to five million trades a day.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/19/business/worldbusiness/19livedoor.html?pagewanted=2 After Panic, Tokyo Market Rebounds], ''[[The New York Times]]'', January 19, 2006</ref>

On October 9, 2018, one of the four gateways used for order entry was taken down after Merrill Lynch Japan Securities erroneously tried to establish a second connection after it had already connected.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Regarding the Equity Trading System Glitch Occurring on October 9, 2018 |url=https://www.jpx.co.jp/english/corporate/news/news-releases/0060/b5b4pj000002jlgo-att/01.pdf}}</ref> Even though brokerages have access to alternative gateways, the outage caused "delays in execution, correction and cancellation" for many securities firms including Daiwa Securities and Nomura.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ft.com/content/481bc14a-cb62-11e8-b276-b9069bde0956 | title=Tokyo Stock Exchange hit by system malfunction }}</ref>

On October 1, 2020, for the first time in its history as an all electronic exchange, the Tokyo Stock Exchange had to suspend trading in all shares for a whole day due to a technical glitch, causing buying and selling to freeze. This was announced just minutes before 9 a.m., when it was scheduled to open.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 1, 2020 |title=Tokyo stock exchange halts trading in worst outage since 1999 |url=https://www.ft.com/content/0f6903d9-c603-47f1-b738-2be9f3b2bca8 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/0f6903d9-c603-47f1-b738-2be9f3b2bca8 |archive-date=2022-12-10 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=October 1, 2020 |publisher=Financial Times}}</ref> The problem was found to be in "the system for relaying market information", hence making the glitch a network problem, but the ''[[Asahi Shimbun]]'' reported that the glitch was due to a mechanical failure. The issue stemmed back to the "Arrowhead" trading system and the inability to fail over to backup hardware.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Report on the Cash Equity Trading System Failure on Oct. 1 |url=https://www.jpx.co.jp/english/corporate/news/news-releases/0060/b5b4pj000003r769-att/trading_system.pdf }}</ref> Other stock markets in Japan, including regional exchanges in Nagoya, Fukuoka and Sapporo, also suspended trading because they used the same technology platform as the TSE.<ref>{{Cite web |last=He |first=Laura |last2=Wakatsuki |first2=Yoko |date=October 1, 2020 |title=Japan's Tokyo Stock Exchange suffers its worst outage ever |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/09/30/investing/global-stocks/index.html |access-date=October 1, 2020 |publisher=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-10-01 |title=Tokyo stock exchange trading halted for the day due to technical problem |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/01/tokyo-stock-exchange-trading-suspended-due-to-technical-problem |access-date=2024-09-29 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tsukimori |first=Osamu |date=October 1, 2020 |title=Tokyo trading halted for rest of Thursday due to hardware failure |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/10/01/business/financial-markets/tokyo-stock-exchange-network-issue-halted/ |access-date=October 1, 2020 |website=The Japan Times |publisher=}}</ref> Meanwhile, derivatives on the OSE continued trading, with Nikkei futures ending the day 0.56% higher.<ref>{{Cite news |last=White |first=Stanley |last2=Yamamitsu |first2=Eimi |date=2024-09-29 |title=Tokyo Stock Exchange paralysed by hardware glitch in worst-ever outage |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/world/uk/tokyo-stock-exchange-paralysed-by-hardware-glitch-in-worst-ever-outage-idUSKBN26M4EF/ |access-date=2024-09-29 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Japan Exchange Group Inc., which operates the Tokyo Stock Exchange, said that the suspension would be indefinite until the problem was resolved. Normal trading was resumed the following day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhattacharya |first=Suryatapa |last2=Tsuneoka |first2=Chieko |date=October 2, 2020 |title=Tokyo Stock Exchange Resumes Trading After Daylong Shutdown |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/tokyo-stock-exchange-sets-restart-after-daylong-shutdown-11601555113 |access-date=February 13, 2022 |website=The Wall Street Journal |publisher=}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Tokyo}}
*[[List of East Asian stock exchanges]]
*[[List of stock exchanges]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Tokyo Stock Exchange}}
*[https://www.jpx.co.jp/english/ Tokyo Stock Exchange Website]
*[https://www.jpx.co.jp/english/listing/ir-clips/interview/index.html Top Executive Interviews "SOU"]
*[https://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/13/business/worldbusiness/13glitch.html "Tokyo Exchange Struggles With Snarls in Electronics"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', 13 December 2005
*[https://www.theregister.co.uk/2005/11/25/stock_exchange_glitch_fall_out/ "Fujitsu execs take pay cut after Tokyo exchange crash"], [[The Register]], 25 November 2005
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070128042709/http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=204117 Tokyo Stock Exchange Building]}}

{{Stock exchanges top 18}}
{{World Federation of Exchanges}}
{{stock market}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Economy of Tokyo]]
[[Category:Japan Exchange Group]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange|*]]
[[Category:Stock exchanges in Japan]]
[[Category:Financial services companies established in 1878]]
[[Category:Japanese companies established in 1878]]
[[Category:Nihonbashi, Tokyo]]
[[Category:Financial services companies based in Tokyo]]
[[Category:Tokyo Stock Exchange|*]]