View source for Tofane

{{short description|Mountain in Italy}}
{{For|the racehorse|Tofane (horse)}}
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Tofane
| photo = Die Tofane im Herbst 2021.jpg
| photo_caption = Tofana di Dentro, Tofana di Mezzo,<br>and Tofana di Rozes
| photo_size = 250
| elevation_m = 3244
| elevation_ref = &nbsp;(Tofana di Mezzo)
| map = Alps
| map_caption = Location in the Alps
| location = [[Province of Belluno]], [[Italy]]
| range = [[Dolomites]]
| coordinates = {{coord|46|32|N|12|03|E|type:mountain_region:IT_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| range_coordinates = 
| listing = [[List of mountains of the Alps above 3000 m|Alpine mountains above 3000 m]]
| type = 
| first_ascent = 29 August 1863 (Tofana di Mezzo), {{Years or months ago|1863}}<br>by [[Paul Grohmann]]<br>and Francesco Lacedelli
}}
'''Tofane''' is a mountain group in the [[Dolomites]] of [[Northern Italy|northern]] [[Italy]], west of [[Cortina d'Ampezzo]] in the [[province of Belluno]], [[Veneto]]. Most of the Tofane lie within the [[Ampezzo Dolomites Natural Park]].<ref>[https://www.dolomitiparco.com/indexEN.php Natural Park of the Ampezzo Dolomites]</ref>

==Peaks==
The highest peaks of the Tofane group are ''Tofana di Mezzo'' ({{convert|3244|m|abbr=on}}), ''Tofana di Dentro'' ({{convert|3238|m|abbr=on}}), and ''[[Tofana di Rozes]]'' ({{convert|3225|m|abbr=on}}). Tofana di Mezzo is the third highest peak in the Dolomites, after [[Marmolada]] ({{convert|3343|m|abbr=on}}) and [[Antelao]] ({{convert|3262|m|abbr=on}}). All three peaks were first climbed by [[Paul Grohmann]] along with local mountain guides, in 1863 (Tofana di Mezzo - with Francesco Lacedelli), 1864 (Tofana di Rozes - with Francesco Lacedelli, Angelo Dimai and Santo Siorpaes) and 1865 (Tofana di Dentro - with Angelo Dimai).<ref name=3000er>{{cite book | last= Goedeke |first= Richard |author2=Hans Kammerer  | title= 3000er der Dolomiten|publisher= Tappeiner Verlag |language= de |year=1993 | id= {{Listed Invalid ISBN|88-7076-155-3}} | pages=240pp}}</ref><ref name=abc-conquista>[http://www.abcdolomiti.com/storiaalpinistica.htm La Conquista delle vette dolomitiche] – ''abcdolimiti.com'' (Retrieved on 19 September 2008) {{in lang|it}}</ref><ref name=alpinistik>[http://www1.dolomiti-altevie.it/tedesco/altaVia/StoriaAlpinistica.htm Allgemeine Informationen über die Geschichte der örtlichen Alpinistik mit besonderem Bezug auf die historischen Aufstiege und auf die "ersten Wege"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060514092255/http://www1.dolomiti-altevie.it/tedesco/altaVia/StoriaAlpinistica.htm |date=2006-05-14 }} – ''dolomito.altevio.it'' (Retrieved on 19 September 2008) {{in lang|de}}</ref>

==Geology==
The Dolomites were formed during the [[Cretaceous]] Period, approximately 60 million years ago, due to the collision of the African and European continents. The Tofane is largely formed from the [[Upper Triassic]] rock [[Dolomia principale]]. The strata are perceptibly folded, and the mountains are finally formed by wind, rain, glaciers and rivers.

==Tourism==
===Access===
A cable lift system (''Freccia nel Cielo'', "Arrow in the sky") goes from Cortina almost to the top of Tofane di Mezzo. There is only a short walk from the top cable car to the summit. Alternatively the [[via ferrata]]s ''VF Punta Anna'' and ''VF Gianna Aglio'' can be used to reach Tofane di Mezzo.

===Cabins (rifugi)===
Some of the cabins in the Tofane are the ''Rifugio Angelo Dibona'' ({{convert|2083|m|abbr=on}}), the ''Rifugio Giussani'' ({{convert|2580|m|0|abbr=on}}), the ''Rifugio Duca d'Aosta'' ({{convert|2098|m|abbr=on}}), and the ''Rifugio Pomedes'' ({{convert|2303|m|abbr=on}}).

===Via ferratas===
The [[via ferrata]]s of Tofane are ''VF Punta Anna'' and ''VF Gianna Aglio'' on Tofana di Mezzo, ''VF Lamon'' and ''VF Formenton'' on Tofana di Dentro, and ''VF Giovanni Lipella'' on Tofana di Rozes, where there also are tunnel systems from [[World War I]].

==History==
During the [[First World War]], the Tofane was a battlefield of the [[Italian Front (World War I)|Italian Front]] for clashes between the Italian and Austro-Hungarian forces. The front lines went through the mountains.

At the [[Alpine skiing at the 1956 Winter Olympics|1956 Winter Olympics]], Mount Tofane hosted five of the six [[Alpine skiing at the 1956 Winter Olympics|alpine skiing]] events. It regularly hosts women's speed events on the [[FIS Alpine Ski World Cup|World Cup]] circuit, and hosted the [[FIS Alpine World Ski Championships|World Championships]] in [[FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 2021|2021]]. The men's 1956 downhill and the current women's World Cup races are on the [[Olimpia delle Tofane]] ski race course (often referred to as “Tofana” for short); it is famous for the Tofana Schuss, where athletes can reach speeds over {{convert|130|km/h|0}}.

{{Panorama
|image   = File:Faloria Cortina d'Ampezzo 14.jpg
|height  = 200px
|width   = 
|alt     = 
|caption = Panoramic view towards Tofane from [[Faloria]]. [[Olimpia delle Tofane]] ski race course and hill Col Drusciè
}}

==See also==
* [[Golden age of alpinism]]
* [[Silver age of alpinism]]
* [[Italian front (World War I)]]
* [[White War]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{refbegin}}
*[http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1956/orw1956.pdf 1956 Winter Olympics official report.] pp.&nbsp;165–79. {{in lang|en|it}}
* ''Via ferratas of the Italian Dolomites: Volume 1 [North, central and east]'' by John Smith and Graham Fletcher. Published in 2002 by Cicerone, UK.  {{ISBN|1-85284-362-4}}.
* ''Cortina d'Ampezzo e Dolomiti Ampezzane''. 1:25,000, Carta Topografica. Casa Editrice Tobacco.
* ''It appears in the 1981 James Bond 007 movie:"For your eyes only".''
{{refend}}
{{Cortina d'Ampezzo}}
{{1956 Winter Olympic venues}}
{{Olympic venues alpine skiing}}
{{Ski World Cup pistes}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Venues of the 1956 Winter Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic alpine skiing venues]]
[[Category:Mountains of Italy]]
[[Category:Alpine three-thousanders]]
[[Category:Dolomites]]
[[Category:Geography of Cortina d'Ampezzo]]
[[Category:Mountains of the Alps]]