View source for Timeline of ancient Greece

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{{History of Greece}}

This is a '''timeline of ancient Greece''' from its emergence around 800 BC to its subjection to the [[Roman Empire]] in 146 BC.

For earlier times, see [[Greek Dark Ages]], [[Aegean civilizations]] and [[Mycenaean Greece]]. For later times see [[Roman Greece]], [[Byzantine Empire]] and [[Ottoman Greece]].

For modern [[Greece]] after 1820, see [[Timeline of modern Greek history]].

== Archaic Period (785–481 BC) ==
*
*[[777 BC|777]] [[Cumae]] is founded by [[Chalcis]]
*[[776 BC|776]] Traditional date for the first historic [[Ancient Olympic Games|Olympic]] games.
*[[757 BC|757]] The [[First Messenian War]] starts. (Date disputed by [[Jerome]], [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]] and [[Diodorus]]; this estimate is based on a reading of Diodorus' Spartan king lists and Pausanias' description of the war).
*[[756 BC|756]] [[Cyzicus|Kyzikus]] is settled by [[Ionians]]
*[[754 BC|754]] [[Polydorus of Sparta|Polydorus]] becomes king of [[Sparta]].
*753 Athens: Office of [[Archon]] reduced to 10 years. Members of the ruling family to possess the office starting with Charops. (Dating based on Pausanias).
*[[743 BC|743]] [[Rhegion]] is founded by [[Euboea]]ns
*[[740 BC|740]] [[Zancle]] is founded by Euboeans
*[[738 BC|738]] Alternative date for the end of the [[First Messenian War]].
*[[737 BC|737]] Rhegion and Zancle join in union under Zancle
*[[735 BC|735]] [[Perdiccas I of Macedon]] flees from [[Argos, Peloponnese|Argos]] to [[Macedon]]ia and conquers the land.
*[[734 BC|734]] [[Polydorus of Sparta|Polydorus]] sends colonists to Italy
*734 Syracuse is founded by [[Korinth]]ians and [[Tenea]]ns
*734 [[Kerkyra]] is founded by Korinthians
*[[733 BC|733]] [[Naxos (Sicily)]] is founded by Euboeans
*733 [[Megara Hyblaea|Troliton]] is founded by [[Megara]]ns
*[[732 BC|732]] Euboea splits between [[Chalcis]] and [[Eretria]] due to disputes
*[[731 BC|731]] [[Sigeion]] is founded by [[Mytilene]]
*731 [[Catania]] is founded by Chalcidians
*[[730s BC|730]] [[Leontini]] is founded by Naxos and controlled by the tyrant [[Euarchus]]
*730 Troliton is abandoned and settlers settled in Leontini
*[[728 BC|728]] Troliton settlers are ostracized from Leontini and settle [[Megara Hyblaea|Thapsos]]
*[[727 BC|727]]–717 Hippomenes, archon of Athens, kills his daughter's adulterer by yoking him to his chariot and then locks his daughter [[Leimone]] in with a horse until she dies. (Pausanias and [[Aristotle]]).
*{{Circa|725}} [[Lelantine War]] between [[Chalcis]] and [[Eretria]]. Many Greek cities are allied with one or the other. Dates before this time uncertain.
*[[725 BC|725]] Thapsos abandoned and [[Megara Hyblaea]] is settled by the Thapsos settlers
*[[720s BC|720s]]/710s [[Drought]]s on [[Euboea]]
*[[720s BC|720]] Korinth removes the [[Liburnia]]ns from Kerkyra
*720: [[Sybaris]] is founded by [[Achaea]]ns from [[Helike|Helice]] 
*[[719 BC|719]] [[Polydorus]], King of Sparta, is murdered by Polymarchus.
*[[716 BC|716]] [[Mylae]] is founded and annexed by Zancle
*716 According to legend: The reign of the [[List of kings of Lydia#Tylonids (Heraclids)|Heraklid]]s over [[Lydia]] is ended when [[Candaules]], known as [[Myrsilus]] to the Greeks, is murdered by Gyges because of his wife's anger.
*[[715 BC|715]] Lydia annexes [[Colophon (city)|Colophon]] and [[Magnesia on the Maeander|Magnesia]] and sieges [[Smyrna]]
*[[712 BC|712]] Lydia abandons the siege of Smyrna and annexes parts of [[Troad]] and [[Magnesia ad Sipylum|Sipylus]]
*712 Korinth annexes [[Perachora|Perachora peninsula]] from Megara
*[[710s BC|710s]] Eretrian abandonment of Andros
*[[709 BC|709]] [[Crotone|Kroton]] is founded by Achaeans
*[[707 BC|707]] [[Taranto|Taras]] is founded by Dorians
*[[705 BC|705]] [[Hybla Minor]] is annexed by Megara Hyblaea
*[[704 BC|704]] Korinth gives [[Samos]] 4 ships
*[[700 BC|700]] The town of [[Phaselis]] is founded by the [[Rhodes|Rhodians]]
*700 [[Erythra]] is annexed by [[Rhegion]]{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}
*[[699 BC|699]] [[Metapontum|Metapontion]] is founded by Kroton and Sybaris
*[[698 BC|698]] Euarchus is overthrown by Leontini
*[[696 BC|696]] [[Lefkandi]] is occupied by Chalcis
*[[695 BC|695]] [[Polieum]] is founded by Ionians
*[[691 BC|691]] [[Antandrus]] is founded and annexed by Mytilene
*[[690 BC|690]] [[Pheidon]] becomes tyrant of Argos.
*[[689 BC|689]] Gela is founded by [[Crete|Cretans]] and Rodians
*[[688 BC|688]] Arisba is annexed by [[Mithymna|Methymna]] and Mytilene declares war on Methymna
*[[687 BC|687]] Annual office of [[Archon]] established in Athens. Any Athenian [[citizen]] can be elected to the office if they have the qualifications. [[Eponymous archon#Annual archons|Creon]] elected first annual archon. (Dating based on Pausanias).
*[[686 BC|686]] Methymna is annexed by Mytilene
*686 Megara gains independence from Korinth
*[[685 BC|685]] The second [[Messenia|Messenian war]] begins.
*685 [[Chalcedon]] is founded by Megarans
*[[680 BC|680]] [[Locri|Epizephyrian Lokros]] is founded by [[Opus, Greece|Opus]]
*[[676 BC|676]] [[Pergamon]] is founded by Ionians
*[[674 BC|674]] [[Karystos|Karystus]] is occupied by Korinth
*[[672 BC|672]] [[Abydos (Hellespont)|Abydos]] is settled by [[Miletus]]
*[[671 BC|671]] Melia is destroyed by Samos and [[Priene]], Samos builds [[Fort Carium]] to replace it and Samos and Priene split Melia
*[[670 BC|670]] Miletus is sieged by Lydia, Priene is annexed by Lydia, Samos annexes former Melian territory
*[[669 BC|669]] or 668 [[Battle of Hysiae (669 BC)|Battle of Hysiae]]
*[[668 BC|668]] Lydia abandons siege of Mietus
*[[667 BC|667]] [[Byzantium]] is founded by Korinthians
*[[665 BC|665]] The second Messenian war ends.
*[[664 BC|664]] Corcyran Revolt and [[Corfu|First Sea Battle]] in ancient Greece between Corcyra and Korinthos
*664 [[Akrai]] is founded and annexed by Syracuse
*[[657 BC|657]] [[Cypselus]] subjects [[Corinth]] to tyranny.
*657 Founding of Lekas by Corinth
*[[655 BC|655]] [[Akanthos (Greece)|Akanthus]] and [[Stagira (ancient city)|Stageira]] are founded by [[Andros]]i
*[[654 BC|654]] [[Abdera, Thrace|Abdera]] is founded by [[Klazomenai]]tes
*[[652 BC|652]] Ephesus and Priene are sacked by [[Cimmerians]]
*[[651 BC|651]] Levantine War ends, Chalcis wins and annexes Levantine Plain
*[[650 BC|650]] The Pontic Pentapolis: [[Apollonia, Thrace|Apollonia]], [[Callatis]], [[Nessebar|Mesembria (Nessebar)]], [[Varna, Bulgaria|Odessos (Varna)]], and [[Constanța|Tomis (Constanța)]], all on the [[Euxine|Euxeinos Pontos]].
*650 Andros, [[Kea (island)|Kea]] and [[Tinos|Tenos]] gain independence from Eretria, Cypselus leaves Karystus
*650 Syracuse annexes [[Necropolis of Pantalica|Pantalica]]
*[[648 BC|648]] [[Himera]] is founded by Zancleans
*[[645 BC|645]]–560 [[Sparta]]n wars with [[Tegea]] all unsuccessful
*[[643 BC|643]] [[Casmenae|Kasmenai]] is founded and annexed by Syracuse
*[[637 BC|637]]–630 Drought on [[Santorini|Thera]]
*[[633 BC|633]] [[Ambracia|Ambrakia]] founded by Tyrant [[List of ancient Greek tyrants|Gorgus]] and Korinthians
*[[632 BC|632]] [[Cylon (ancient Athenian)|Cylon]], Athenian noble, seizes [[Acropolis, Athens|Acropolis]] and tries unsuccessfully to make himself king
*[[631 BC|631]] [[Battus I of Cyrene|Battus]] establishes a Greek colony in [[Cyrene, Libya|Cyrene]] in [[Libya]].
*[[630s BC|630]] [[Helorus]] is founded and annexed by Syracuse
*630 [[Histria (ancient city)|Histria]] is established by [[Miletus|Milesian]] settlers in order to facilitate trade with the native [[Getae]].
*630 Founding of [[Tripolis on the Meander|Tripolis]] by Samos
*630 Formal [[Pederasty in ancient Greece|pederasty]] is introduced, first in Crete, as a means of population control and an educational modality.
*[[628 BC|628]] [[Selinunte|Selinus]] is founded by Hyblaea Megarans
*[[627 BC|627]] [[Epidamnos|Epidamos]] is founded by Kerkyreans
*627 Cypselus is succeeded by [[Periander]]
*[[625 BC|625]] Establishment of [[Naucratis]]
*[[621 BC|621]] [[Draco (lawgiver)|Draco]], Athenian lawgiver, issues code of laws, with many crimes punishable by death.
*621 [[Epidaurus]] is annexed by Korinth
*[[619 BC|619]] Herbessus is annexed by Syracuse
*[[616 BC|616]] Miletus is sieged by Lydia
*[[615 BC|615]] Leontini is overthrown by Panaetius
*[[612 BC|612]] Miletus is overthrown by [[Thrasybulus of Miletus|Thrasybulos]]
*[[610 BC|610]] [[Panticapaeum]] (modern city [[Kerch]]) is founded by [[Miletus|Milesians]]
*[[609 BC|609]] Panaetius is oust by Leontini
*[[606 BC|606]] Gorgus is succeeded by [[List of ancient Greek tyrants|Periander]]
*[[604 BC|604]] Lydia abandons the Siege of Miletus
*[[603 BC|603]] Athenai annexes Sigeion
*[[601 BC|601]] Miletus and Korinth become allies
*[[600 BC|600]] [[Marseille#History|Massalia]] founded by [[Phocaean]] Greeks (approximate date).<ref name=lippincott1952>{{Citation |publisher = Columbia University Press |location = New York |editor = Leon E. Seltzer |title = Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World |date = 1952 |ol=6112221M |page= 1157 }}</ref>
*600 [[Segesta]] is [[Hellenization|Hellenized]] by Ionians
*[[598 BC|598]] [[Akrillai]] is founded and annexed by Syracuse
*598 [[Kamarina, Sicily|Kamarina]] is founded and annexed by Syracuse
*[[597 BC|597]] [[Delphi]] gains independence from [[Kirrha]]
*[[596 BC|596]] [[Palaiopoli, Andros|Paleopoli]] is founded by Samosi
*[[595 BC|595]] [[Salamis Island|Salamis]] is annexed by Athens
*595 Start of the [[First Sacred War]]
*[[594 BC|594]] Kirrha is sieged by [[Amphictyonic League]]
*594 [[Solon]], Athenian statesman, becomes [[Archons of Athens|Archon]] pre-582 BC (cf. ML6 and [[Plutarch]] Sol. 14)—later, when member of the [[Areopagus]] is appointed to effect social reforms in order to preserve order in [[Athens]], which include the abolition of the security of debts on a debtor's person (Aristotle Ath. Pol. 6), returning exiled Athenian slaves (Solon fr. 4 in Ath. Pol. 12), changing the value of weights and measures to the Korinthian standard, prohibiting the export of grain from [[Attica]] and encouraging the planting of olives (Plut. Sol. 22–4), established the property classes (Ar. Ath. Pol. 7) and the council of 400 (Ar. Ath. Pol. 8).
*[[592 BC|592]] Ephesus is sieged by Persia
*[[590 BC|590]] Siege of [[Ephesus]] is abandoned, Lydia annexes Smyrna and [[Medes|Median]]-Lydian war starts
*590 Muorica (Renamed [[Modica]]) is annexed by Syracuse
*590 [[Sappho]], Greek poet, flourishes on island of [[Lesbos Island|Lesbos]].
*[[589 BC|589]] Klazomenai is sieged by Lydia
*[[588 BC|588]] [[Paestum|Poseidonia]] is founded by Sybaris
*[[587 BC|587]] Siege of Klazomenai is abandoned by Lydia
*[[586 BC|586]] Death of [[Lycophron of Corinth|Lycophron]] tyrant of Corcyra
*586 [[Plataea]] gains independence from [[Thebes, Greece|Thebai]]
*[[585 BC|585]] [[Kirra, Phocis|Kirrha]] is destroyed
*585 Lydian-Median border set at [[Kızılırmak River|Halys River]]
*585 The philosopher [[Thales]] of [[Miletus]] predicts a solar eclipse that occurs during the [[Eclipse of Thales|Battle of Halys]].
*585 Periander is overthrown by [[Periander|Psammetichus]]
*585 End of the First Sacred War
*[[583 BC|583]] Psammetichus is overthrown by Korinth
*[[582 BC|582]] [[Agrigento|Akragas]] is founded by Gelans
*582: First recorded [[Pythian Games]]
*[[581 BC|581]] Selinus attacks [[Motya]]
*581 Korinth join the [[Peloponnesian League]]
*[[580 BC|580]] Foundation of [[History of Naples|Parthenope]]
*580 Selinus is defeated by [[Carthage]] and withdraws from Motya
*580 Periander is overthrown by democrats in Ambrakia
*580 [[Ancient Elis|Elis]] joins the Peloponnesian League
*580 [[Lipari]] is founded by [[Knidos]]i
*[[578 BC|578]] Thrasybulos dies
*[[575 BC|575]] [[Empúries]], also known as Ampurias (Greek: Ἐμπόριον, Catalan: Empúries [əmˈpuɾiəs], Spanish: Ampurias [amˈpuɾjas]), a town on the Mediterranean coast of the Catalan comarca of Alt Empordà in Catalonia, Spain is founded by Greek colonists from Phocaea with the name of Ἐμπόριον (Emporion, meaning "trading place", cf. emporion).
*[[572 BC|572]] [[Pisa, Greece|Pisa]] and [[Olympia, Greece|Olympia]] are annexed by Elis
*[[570 BC|570]] Akragas is overthrown by [[Phalaris]]
*570 [[Phocaea]]ns from Massalia (modern day [[Marseille]]) founded the colony of [[Monaco|Monoikos (Monaco)]].<ref name="Klieger2012">{{cite book|author=P. Christiaan Klieger|title=The Microstates of Europe: Designer Nations in a Post-Modern World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CrfwGa4aCwYC&pg=PA165|date=29 November 2012|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=978-0-7391-7427-2|pages=165–}}</ref>
*[[570 BC|569]] [[Pythagoras]] is born.
*[[565 BC|565]] [[Peisistratos]], Athenian general, organizes [[Diakrioi]], party of poor people.
*[[561 BC|561]] [[Peisistratos]] takes power in [[Athens]] for first time.
*[[560 BC|560]] Ephesus is besieged by Lydia
*560 Phalaris annexes Himera
*[[559 BC|559]] Ephesus is annexed by Lydia
*559-550 Lydia annexes [[Aeolis]] and Ionia
*559 [[Achilleion (Troad)|Achilleion]] is founded and annexed by Mytilene
*[[557 BC|557]] Argos is overthrown by [[List of ancient Greek tyrants|Perilaus]]
*[[556 BC|556]] [[Phlius]] is overthrown by [[Leo of Phlius|Leo]]
*[[555 BC|555]] Helike ([[Elche]]) is established by Greeks from the Achaian city of Helice
*555 [[Peisistratos]] driven out by Lycurgus who is commander of nobles.
*555 [[Miltiades the Elder|Miltiades I]] unites [[Gallipoli|Thracian Chernessos]] under his rule
*[[554 BC|554]] Phalaris is overthrown by Akragas and Himera gains independence
*[[553 BC|553]] Kamarina declares independence from Syracuse
*[[552 BC|552]] Kamarina is annexed by Syracuse
*[[551 BC|551]] Telemachus overthrows Akragas
*[[550 BC|550]] [[Minoa]] is founded by Selinus
*550 [[Odessa]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.odessaguide.net/sights_excavationsite.ru.html|title=Одесские достопримечательности — раскопки греческого поселения|first=Igor|last=Kalinin|work=odessaguide.net}}</ref> is established by the [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] city of [[Histria (ancient city)|Histria]].
*550 [[Miltiades|Miltiades II]] is born
*[[549 BC|549]] [[Peisistratos]] restored by help of [[Megacles]].
*549 [[Boeotia|Boeotian League]] is founded
*[[548 BC|548]] [[Lesbos]] sieges Sigeion
*[[547 BC|547]] Athens repulses the Lesbans and Sigeion (Now ruled by Hegesistratos) becomes an Athenian vassal
*[[546 BC|546]] [[Sparta]] annexes [[Cynuria|Kynouria]], [[Thyrea, Greece|Thyrea]] and [[Kythira|Kythera]] from [[Argos, Peloponnese|Argos]]
*546 [[Croesus]], rich king of [[Lydia]], captured at [[Sardis]] by [[Achaemenid Empire|Persians]].
*[[545 BC|545]] Miletus is overthrown by Molpagoras
*545 [[Lygdamis of Naxos|Lygdamis]] becomes Tyrant of [[Naxos]]
*545 The [[Ancient Greece|ancient Greek]] colony of [[Tmutarakan|Hermonassa]] ([[Krasnodar Krai]], [[Russia]]) is founded by [[Ionians]] and [[Crete|Cretans]].<ref>M.J. Traister and T.V. Shelov-Kovedyayev, [http://www.ascsa.edu.gr/pdf/uploads/hesperia/148218.pdf “An inscribed conical clay object from Hermonassa”]</ref>
*[[544 BC|544]] [[Abdera, Thrace|Abdera]] starts its Golden Age
*[[543 BC|543]] [[Phanagoria]], ([[Krasnodar Krai]], [[Russia]]), is founded by [[Teos|Teian]] colonists who had to flee [[Asia Minor]] in consequence of their conflict with [[Cyrus the Great]].
*[[542 BC|542]] [[Peisistratos]] expelled, makes fortune from [[Thrace|Thracian]] mines.
*542 The colony of [[Anapa|Gorgippia]] ([[Krasnodar Krai]], [[Russia]]) was built by [[Pontic Greeks]].
*[[541 BC|541]] Telemachus is overthrown by [[List of ancient Greek tyrants|Alcamenes]]
*[[540 BC|540]] Naxan vassalization of [[Paros]]
*540 Selinus is overthrown by [[List of ancient Greek tyrants|Theron]]
*[[538 BC|538]] Sybaris conquers Siris
*538 Samos is overthrown by [[Polycrates]]
*[[536 BC|536]] Samos annexes South [[Mycale]] from Miletus
*[[535 BC|535]] Perilaus dies
*[[534 BC|534]] Athens starts extracting [[tribute]] from [[Ios]]
*532 [[Peisistratos]] restored by [[Thessaly]] and [[Lygdamis of Naxos]].
*[[531 BC|531]] [[Icaria|Ikaria]] is annexed by Samos
*[[530 BC|530]] [[Emporion]] becomes a Carthaginian vassal
*530 [[Maktorion]] is founded by exiled Gelans
*530 Tegea joins the Peloponnesian League
*[[529 BC|529]] Leo dies
*[[528 BC|528]] Maktorion is abandoned and the settlers move to Gela
*[[527 BC|527]] [[Peisistratos]] dies, succeeded by sons [[Hippias (tyrant)|Hippias]] and [[Hipparchus (son of Peisistratos)|Hipparchus]].
*527 [[Rineia]] and [[Delos]] are annexed by Samos
*[[525 BC|525]] Netum is annexed by Syracuse
*525 The [[Ancient Greece|ancient Greek]] city of Euesperides, (modern day [[Benghazi]]) is founded by people from [[Cyrene, Libya|Cyrene]]
*525 Persian [[Cambyses II]], son of [[Cyrus the Great]] takes Egypt.
*[[524 BC|524]] Samos annexes [[Donousa]]
*524 Lgydamis of Naxos is overthrown
*[[520s BC|523]] Chalcedon is annexed by Persian Empire
*[[522 BC|522]] Death of Polycrates of Samos and succession of [[Syloson|Maiandrios]]
*[[521 BC|521]] Overthrow of Maiandros by Persian backed [[Syloson]]
*[[520 BC|520]] Peithagoras overthrows Theron
*[[519 BC|519]] Plataea leaves the Boeotian League and is sieged by the latter
*519 Miltiades is overthrown by Stesagoras
*519 Abydos declares independence from Stesagoras and is led by the Persian Tyrant [[List of ancient Greek tyrants|Daphnis]]
*[[518 BC|518]] Athens repulses the Boeotians from Plataea
*[[517 BC|517]] Sybaris is overthrown by [[List of ancient Greek tyrants|Telys]]
*[[516 BC|516]] Miltiades II an Athenian Tyrant succeeds Stesagoras and reincorporates Abydos
*516 Cassaibile is annexed by Syracuse
*[[515 BC|515]] Molpagoras is succeeded by [[Histiaeus|Histiaeos]]
*515 [[Hippias (son of Pisistratus)|Hippias]] becomes sole ruler after the death of [[Hipparchus (son of Pisistratus)|Hipparchus]].
*[[514 BC|514]] Tenedos, Lesbos and Abydos is annexed by Persian Empire
*[[513 BC|513]] Miltiades II defects from Athens to Persia
*513 [[Myrkinos|Myrcinos]] is founded by Ionians
*513 Persia annexes [[Thrace]] (Region)
*513 [[Cinyps, Libya]], a failed Greek attempt to build a city under the leadership of [[Dorieus]].<ref name="temehu">{{cite web|url=http://www.temehu.com/Cities_sites/museum-of-leptis-magna.htm|title=Wadi Caam: The Greeks in Tripolitania!|publisher=Temehu|access-date=10 May 2012}}</ref>
*[[512 BC|512]] Antandrus is annexed by Persian Empire
*512 Persian vassalization of Naxos
*[[511 BC|511]] [[Piraeus]] is founded and annexed by Athens
*511 Thracian Chernessos is annexed by Persian Empire
*[[510 BC|510]] Kroton annexes Sybaris and overthrows Telys
*510 [[Pythagoras]] establishes his own school.
*510 Peithagoras is overthrown by [[List of ancient Greek tyrants|Euryleon]]
*510 Minoa is renamed Heraclea Minoa
*510 Cinyps is annexed by Carthage
*[[508 BC|508]] Andros and Naxos are annexed by Persian Empire
*508 [[Hippias (son of Pisistratus)|Hippias]] is forced to leave Athens.
*[[507 BC|507]] Plataea is sieged by Boeotian League
*507 [[Cleisthenes]], Greek reformer, takes power, increases democracy.
*[[506 BC|506]] Boeotian League is repulsed from Plataea by Athens
*506 Cumae is overthrown by [[Aristodemus of Cumae|Aristodemus]]
*506 Alcamenes is overthrown by [[List of ancient Greek tyrants|Alcandros]]
*506 The [[Lelantine Plain|Levantine Plain]] is conquered by Athens and becomes a [[Cleruchy|Cleurchy]]
*[[505 BC|505]] Hegesistratos of Sigeion dies
*505 [[Cleander of Gela|Cleander]] overthrows Gela
*[[504 BC|504]] [[List of ancient Greek tyrants|Cleinias]] overthrows Croton<ref>{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HX4OAAAAQAAJ&dq=cleinias+croton&pg=PA459 | title=The History and Antiquities of the Doric Race | last1=Müller | first1=Karl Otfried | date=1839 }}</ref>
*504 Taras [[Iapygian-Tarentine Wars|defeats]] the [[Iapygians]]
*[[503 BC|503]] [[Naxos]] declares independence from the Persian Empire
*[[502 BC|502]] Euryleon is overthrown by Selinus
*[[500 BC|500]] [[Pythagoras]] dies in Croton, Italy
*500 Heraclea Minoa is sacked by Carthage
*500 [[Morgantina]] and [[Centuripe]] are hellenized and [[Licodia Eubea|Licodia]] is founded by Leontini
*[[499 BC|499]] Miletus Siege of Naxos (Naxan Victory)
*499 Independence of Paros
*499 Alcandros is overthrown by Akragas
*499 Ionian Revolt starts
*499 Éphesos, Klazomenai, Mílētos, Samos, [[Myus]], [[Chios]], Samos, Mytilene, [[Mylasa]], [[Termera]], [[Kyme (Aeolis)|Kyme]] and Priene declare independence from Persian Empire
*[[498 BC|498]] [[Cyprus]] (Except [[Amathus|Amathos]]), [[Caria]], [[Paesos]], Abydos, [[Cios]], [[Percote]], [[Lampsacus|Lampsakos]], Myrcinos, Tenedos, [[Dardanus (city)|Dardanos]], and [[Byzantium]] declare independence from Persian Empire
*498 Amathos is sieged by Cyprus
*498 [[Cleander of Gela|Cleander]] is overthrown by [[Hippocrates of Gela|Hippocrates]]
*498 Hippocrates vassalized Leontini and puts [[Aenesidemus, tyrant of Leontini|Aenesidemus]] as tyrant
*498 Licodia is annexed by Syracuse
*[[497 BC|497]] [[Eion]] is sieged by Athens
*497 Dardanos, Myrcinos, Abydos, Kyme, Klazomenai, Percote, Lampsakos, Cyprus, Cios and Paesos are reannexed by Persian Empire
*497 Catania is vassalized by Hippocrates and Deinmenes is put in charge as tyrant
*497 Persian Empire occupies all Carian land north of [[Pedasus|Pedasos]] (Carian)
*[[496 BC|496]] Byzantium is overthrown by Histiaeos
*496 Myrcinos is reannexed by the Persian Empire
*496 Athenian Tyrant Miltiades II annexes Thracian Chernessos
*496 Naxos is vassalized by Hippocrates
*[[495 BC|495]] Cleinias dies
*[[494 BC|494]] Rhegium is overthrown by [[Anaxilas]]
*494 Zancle is vassalized by Hippocrates and [[Scythes]] put in charge
*494 Priene, Samos and Miletus are annexed by Persian Empire
*[[493 BC|493]] Byzantium sieges Thasus
*493 Ionian revolt crushed
*493 Zancle is settled by Samian refugees and renamed Messene
*493 Zancle is conquered by Rhegion
*[[492 BC|492]] Kamarina (now rebuilt) and {{ill|Ergezio|it}} are vassalized by Hippocrates
*492 Abdera and Thracian Chernessos are annexed by the Persian Empire
*[[491 BC|491]] Hippocrates is overthrown by [[Gelo]]n
*491 [[Fort Scyllaeum]] is founded by Rhegion
*[[490 BC|490]] Aristodemus dies
*490 Persian conquest of [[Rhodes]]
*490 Persian Siege of Naxos (Naxan Victory)
*490 Persian conquest of Paros
*490 Persian sacking of [[Eretria]]
*490 [[Themistocles]] and [[Miltiades the Younger|Miltiades]], Athenians, defeat [[Darius I|Darius]] at [[Battle of Marathon|Marathon]], [[Phidippides (Marathon runner)|Phidippides]] runs with news.
*490 Taras defeats the Iapygians in battle
*[[488 BC|488]] Akragas is overthrown by [[Theron of Acragas|Theron]]
*[[486 BC|486]] Himera is overthrown by [[Terillus]]
*[[485 BC|485]] Gelon annexes Syracuse (Except Kamarina and Licodia), Gela is given to [[Hiero I of Syracuse|Hieron]]
*[[484 BC|484]] Kamarina is destroyed by Gelon
*484 [[Aeschylus]], Athenian playwright wins his first victory at the [[City Dionysia]].
*[[483 BC|483]] Megara Hyblaea and Licodia are destroyed by Gelon
*483 Theron puts his son [[Thrasydaeus]] in charge of Himera as his vassal
*[[481 BC|481]] Andros, [[Aegina]] and Akanthus among many other Greek [[Polis|Poleis]] declare allegiance to Persia
*481 The Naxos, [[Milos]], Sparta, Athens, Korinth, [[Kythnos]] and many other Greek Poleis form the [[Greco-Persian Wars#Hellenic alliance|Hellenic League]] to fight against the Persian Empire

==Classical Greece (480–323 BC)==
*[[480 BC|480]] Aegina and Andros are impressed into the Hellenic League
*480 [[Emporion]] ousts Carthaginian influences
*480 [[Leonidas]], [[Sparta]]n, sacrifices 300 Spartan soldiers at the [[Battle of Thermopylae]] so main force can escape; [[Xerxes I|Xerxes]] son of Darius is commanding the Persians.
*480 Croton, Leucas and Corcyra joins the Hellenic League
*480 Simultaneous with Thermopylae, the Greeks and Persians fight to a draw in the naval [[Battle of Artemisium]].
*480 Boeotia, [[Attica]] and [[Phocis]] are occupied by Persia
*480 [[Battle of Salamis]]: [[Themistocles]], Athenian general, lures Persians into Bay of [[Battle of Salamis|Salamis]], Xerxes loses and goes home, leaves behind [[Mardonius (general)|Mardonius]].
*480 Possibly simultaneous with the Battle of Salamis, [[Battle of Himera (480 BC)|Battle of Himera]] between Carthage and Akragas (Theron)-Syracuse (Gelon)-Himera (Thrasydaeus)
*[[479 BC|479]] [[Pausanias (general)|Pausanias]], Greek general routs [[Mardonius (general)|Mardonius]] at the [[Battle of Plataea]].
*479 [[Battle of Mycale]]
*479 Rhodes, Samos, Kos and many Greek cities in Persia begin to declare independence
*479 Paros is vassalized by Athens
*479 Athens annexes [[Tenedos]]
*479 [[Sestos]] is besieged by Athens
*479 Boeotian League is dissolved by Hellenic League
*479 [[Sicels|Sicel]] [[Ducetius]] overthrows [[Miniu]]
*[[478 BC|478]] [[Byzantium]] is besieged by Athens
*478 [[Delian League]] is founded by Athens and is soon joined by Ionia, [[Delos]], [[Kos]], Euboea, [[Tilos]], Rhodes, [[Karpathos]], Athenai, Paros, Troezen, [[Sifnos]], Doris, Aeolis, Andros, [[Aenea (city)|Aenea]], Akanthos, Samos, Chalcis, Eretria, Chios, Methymna, Chalkidiki, Mutilḗnē, Sigeion, Éphesos and many others
*478 Gelon dies and is succeeded by Hieron, [[Polyzelos]] is put in control of Gela
*[[477 BC|477]] The Persian Empire abandons [[Europe]] except [[Doriscus|Doriskus]] and [[Eion]]
*477 Chalcedon, Byzantium, Carystus, [[Enez|Ainos]], Perinthos and others join the Delian League
*477 Andros is turned into an Athenian [[Cleruchy|cleurchy]]
*[[476 BC|476]] [[Micythus]] becomes Tyrant of Rhegion after Anaxilas' death
*476 Catania is split between Hieron and Ducetius, Catania is renamed [[Catania|Aetna]], settled by Dorians and ruled by the Tyrant [[Deinmenes the Younger|Deinmenes II]]
*476 Taras allies with Rhegion to protect themselves from the Iapygians, but later lose to them in battle
*476 Himera is settled by [[Doric Greek|Doric]] colonists
*476 Sybaris declares independence from Kroton
*476–462 [[Cimon]] elected general each year
*[[475 BC|475]] Sybaris is annexed by Kroton
*475 Abdera and Eion join the Delian League
*475 [[Skyros]] is annexed by Athens
*[[474 BC|474]] [[Battle of Cumae]]
*474 Naxos joins the Delian League
*474 Hieron occupies the [[Parthenopaean Islands|Parthenopean Islands]]
*474 [[Pindar]], Greek poet relocates to [[Thebes, Greece|Thebes]] (in Greece) from court at [[Syracuse, Italy|Syracuse]].
*[[473 BC|473]] Taras is defeated by the Iapygians
*[[472 BC|472]] Thrasydaeus annexes Akragas after death of Theron
*[[471 BC|471]] Naxos leaves the Delian League and is subsequently sieged by Athens
*471 [[Themistocles]] [[ostracism|ostracized]].
*[[470 BC|470]] [[Dénia]], ''Hēmeroskopeion'' ({{langx|grc|Ἡμεροσκοπεῖον}}) is founded by [[Greeks in France|Massaliot Greeks]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/265880 |title=Places: 265880 (Dianium/Hemeroskopeion) |author=Spann, P., R. Warner, R. Talbert, T. Elliott, S. Gillies |date=December 2021 |access-date=July 31, 2012<!-- 11:45 am -->|publisher=Pleiades}}</ref><ref name="perseus.tufts">Strabo, Geography, translated by H.C. Hamilton, Esq., W. Falconer, M.A., Ed. (1903) [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0239%3Abook%3D3%3Achapter%3D4%3Asection%3D6 Strab. 3.4.6]</ref><ref name="perseus.tufts_a">Greek text: Strabo. ed. A. Meineke, Geographica. Leipzig: Teubner. (1877) [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Strab.+3.4.6&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0197 Strab. 3.4.6]</ref> The town was situated on the cape then called Artemisium ({{langx|grc|Ἀρτεμίσιον}}) or Dianium<ref name="archive">{{cite book|last=Smith |first=William |year=1852 |title=Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (Abacaenum – Hytanis)|volume=1|location=Boston|publisher=Little, Brown|pages=[https://archive.org/details/dictionarygreek01smitgoog/page/n790 773]|url=https://archive.org/details/dictionarygreek01smitgoog}}</ref> ({{langx|grc|Διάνιον}}), named from a temple of Ephesia Artemis built upon it (goddess [[Artemis]] was called Diana in Latin).
*470 Naxos is impressed into the Delian League
*470 Ducetius annexes Ergezio
*470 The new urban zone of [[Naples|Neápolis]] ({{lang|grc|Νεάπολις}}) was founded by citizens of the nearby Greek city of [[Cumae]] on the plain of [[History of Naples|Parthenope]] after the victorious [[Battle of Cumae]]
*[[469 BC|469]] [[Troy|Illios]] is annexed by Mytilene
*469 Klazomenai, Phaselis, Aspendos, Doris and Priene join the Delian League
*[[468 BC|468]] Thrasydaeus is overthrown by Akragas
*468 [[Sophocles]], Greek playwright, defeats [[Aeschylus]] for Athenian Prize for drama.
*[[467 BC|467]] Micythus steps down to [[Leophron]]
*[[466 BC|466]] Taras is defeated by the Iapygians
*466 Taras' monarchy is overthrown by democrats
*466 [[Thrasybulus of Syracuse|Thrasybulos]] succeeds Hieron
*[[465 BC|465]] [[Thasus]] leaves the Delian League and is sieged by Athens
*465 Abydos and Troad join the Delian League
*465 Thracian Chernessos is annexed by Athens
*465 Deinmenes II, Aenesidemus, Thrasybulos and Polyzelos are overthrown by their respective cities
*[[463 BC|463]] Thasus is impressed into the Delian League
*[[462 BC|462]] Megara leaves the Peloponnesian League
*[[461 BC|461]] Catania, Naxos and Catania declare independence from Syracuse, Dorian settlers are removed from Catania
*461 Kamarina is refounded under the Tyranny of [[Psaumis of Camarina|Psaumis]]
*461 [[Cimon]] ostracized.
*461 Thera joins the Peloponnesian League
*461 Messene and Rhegion separate and oust Leophron
*[[460 BC|460]] Taras defeats the Iapygians
*460 Aetna is founded
*460 [[First Peloponnesian War]] Starts
*[[459 BC|459]] Aegina is besieged by Athens
*459: [[Morgantina]] is annexed by Ducetius
*459-455 [[Wars of the Delian League|Siege of Memphis]], destruction of the Athenian fleet by [[Megabyzus]]
*[[458 BC|458]] Imbros is annexed by Athens
*[[457 BC|457]] Aegina is impressed into the Delian League
*457 Delphi is annexed by Phocis
*457 [[Pericles]], Athenian statesman begins [[Golden Age]], he was taught by [[Anaxagoras]], who believed in dualistic Universe and atoms.
*457 Boeotia (Except Thebes), Phocis and Locris join the Delian League
*[[456 BC|456]] Gythium is raided by Athens
*456 [[Zakynthos]] joins the Delian League
*456 [[Enna|Castrugiuvanni (Enna)]] join Ducetius
*456 [[Aeschylus]] dies.
*[[455 BC|455]] [[Nafpaktos]] is impressed into the Delian League and settled with Messenian [[Helots]]
*[[454 BC|454]] [[Abacaenum]] is annexed by Ducetius
*454 Movement of Delian treasury to Athens and start of the First Athenian Empire
*454 Athenian annexation of Delos
*[[453 BC|453]] [[Palike]] is founded by Ducetius
*[[452 BC|452]] Akragas and Aetna are annexed by Ducetius, Ducetius sieges Motyon
*452 [[Sybaris|Nea Sybaris]] is founded by Sybarites
*[[451 BC|451]] Athens besieges [[Kition]]
*451 [[Motyon]] is occupied by Ducetius
*[[450 BC|450]] Naxos becomes a cleurchy
*450 Akragas and Motyon are liberated from Ducetius starting a decades long conflict between Syracuse+friends and the Sicels
*[[449 BC|449]] Delphi declares independence from Phocis
*449 Ducetius abandons the [[Sicel Federation]] he created and is forced to go into exile at Korinth
*449 Morgantina is annexed Syracuse
*449 [[Herodotus]], Greek Historian, writes [[Greco-Persian Wars#Sources|History of Greco-Persian War]] from 490 to 479.
*[[448 BC|448]] Delphi is annexed by Phocis
*[[447 BC|447]] [[Ictinus]] and [[Callicrates]], Greek architects, begin construction of the [[Parthenon]].
*447 Nea Sybaris is annexed by Kroton
*447 Chalcis leaves the Delian League and is besieged by Athens
*[[446 BC|446]] Phocis, Locris and Boeotia leave the Delian League, Boeotia unites into the Boeotian League and joins the Peloponnesian League
*[[446 BC|446]] Megara joins the Peloponnesian League
*446 [[Kale Akte]] is founded by Ducetius
*446 [[Achaea]] and [[Troezen|Trozen]] leave the Peloponnesian League and join the Delian League
*446-445 Euboean Revolt 
*[[445 BC|445]] Euboea is impressed into the Delian League
*445 [[Hestiaea (Attica)|Histiaea]] becomes an Athenian cleurchy
*445 First Peloponnesian War Ends
*445 Troezen is impressed into the Peloponnesian League
*[[443 BC|443]] Thurii is founded by Sybarites and Various [[Greeks|Hellenes]]
*[[441 BC|441]] [[Euripides]], Greek playwright, wins Athenian prize.
*441 [[Sybaris on the Traeis]] is founded by Sybarites exiled from Thurii
*[[440 BC|440]] Samos leaves the Delian League and is besieged by Athens
*440 Palike is destroyed, ending the Sicel Federation
*440 Ducetius dies
*[[439 BC|439]] Samos is impressed into the Delian League
*[[438 BC|438]] Founding of the [[Bosporan Kingdom]]<ref name=CUP1>{{cite encyclopedia|last=Hind|first=John|title=The Bosporan Kingdom|encyclopedia=The Cambridge Ancient History|volume=VI – The 4th Century BC|pages=476–511|editor1-last=Lewis|editor1-first=D.M.|editor2-last=Boardman|editor2-first=J.|editor3-last=Hornblower|editor3-first=S.|editor4-last=Ostwald|editor4-first=M.|publisher=CUP|location=Cambridge}}</ref>
*[[437 BC|437]] Newly founded [[Amphipolis]] annexes Eion
*437 Athens allies with [[Messapians|Messapia]]
*[[436 BC|436]] [[Taulantii]]-Epidamos War
*[[435 BC|435]] [[Phidias]], Greek sculptor, completes statue of Zeus at Elis, 1 of 7 wonders of the world.
*[[434 BC|434]] Epidamos becomes a democracy
*434 Epidamos is annexed by Korinth
*434 Kerkyra allies with Taulantii and besiege Epidamos
*434 Kerkyra seizes Outer Epidamos (City)
*434 [[Battle of Leukimme]]
*434 Kerkyra raids [[Kastro-Kyllini|Kyllene]]
*434 Kerkyra joins Delian League
*[[433]] [[Battle of Sybota]]
*433 [[Anaktorio|Anactorium]] is annexed by Korinth
*[[432 BC|432]] Psaumis dies
*432 Potidaea leaves the Delian League and is [[Battle of Potidaea|sieged]] by Athens
*432 [[Pydna]] is besieged by Athens
*432 End of "Golden Age" of Athens
*[[431 BC|431]] [[Sparta]] commanded by King [[Archidamus II]] prepares to destroy [[Athens]] thus starting the [[Peloponnesian War]].
*431 Plataea is besieged by Thebes
*431 [[Pagae]] and [[Atalanta (island)|Atalanta]] is occupied by Athens
*431 Aegina is annexed by Athens
*431 [[Empedocles]], Greek doctor, believes body has [[Four Temperaments]].
*[[430 BC|430]] Athens abandons the Siege of Pydna
*430 [[Herakleion (Pieria)|Herakleion]] is impressed into the Delian League
*430 Spartan Siege of Zakynthos (Local Victory)
*430 Failed peace mission by [[Athens]], [[bubonic plague]] year, [[Sparta]] takes no prisoners.
*430 [[Leucippus]], Greek philosopher, believes every natural event has natural cause.  Athenian Plague begins in Athens.
*[[429 BC|429]] Herakleion is annexed by [[Macedonia (ancient kingdom)|Macedonia]]
*429 Potidaea is impressed into the Delian League
*429 All Chalkidiki cities (Except Mende, Acanthus, Scione, Stagirus and Aphytis) leave the Delian League
*429 Athens Siege of [[Kydonia]] (Local Victory)
*429 [[Phormio]], Athenian admiral, wins the [[Battle of Chalcis|Battle of Chalcis/Rhium]].
*429 [[Pericles]] dies of Athenian Plague, possibly [[typhus]] or [[bubonic plague]].
*429 [[Hippocrates]], Greek doctor, believes diseases have physical cause.
*429 First Battle of Naupaktos (Athenian Victory)
*[[428 BC|428]] [[Plato]] born.
*428 Mytilene and [[Antissa]] leave the Delian league and Mytilene is sieged by Athens, Antissa is sieged by Methymna
*428 Illios joins the Delian League
*[[427 BC|427]] Suppression of Mytilene, Antissa is annexed by Methymna, Mytilene becomes an Athenian Cleurchy, Mytilene Troad joins the Delian League as independent cities
*427 [[Archidamus II]] dies, [[Alcidas]], Greek admiral sent to help [[Lesbos Island|Lesbos]], raids [[Ionia]] and flees after seeing Athenian might. Athenian Plague returns.
*427 Plataea is impressed into the Boeotian League and by extension, the Peloponnesian League
*427 [[Aristophanes]], Greek playwright, wins Athenian Prize.
*427 Corcyran Civil War (Democratic Victory)
*427 [[First Athenian Intervention in Sicily]] begins
*426 Megara occupies Pegae
*426 Athens sieges Lecus
*426 Pylos, Messene, Mylae, [[Aegitium]] and [[Tichium]] are occupied by Athens, Pylos is founded by escaped [[Helots]]
*426 [[Battle of Tanagra (426 BC)|Battle of Tanagra]]
*426 Amfissa joins the Peloponnesian League
*426 [[Ozolian Locris]] join the Delian League
*[[426 BC|426]] [[Demosthenes (general)|Demosthenes]], Athenian general, and [[Cleon]], Athenian demagogue, revitalizes Athenian forces, makes bold plans opposed by [[Nicias]], his first military campaign barely succeeds.
*426 Ambrakia occupies [[Olpae]] and [[Argos (Acarnania)|Argos]]
*426 [[Acarnanian League]] and [[Amfilochia|Amphilochian League]] are founded and join the Delian League
*425 Acarnania occupies Olpae and Argos
*[[425 BC|425]] Athenian fleet bottles up Spartan navy at [[Navarino Bay]], [[Nicias]] resigns.
*425 Herakleion is impressed into the Delian League
*425 Athens occupies [[Sphacteria]]
*425 Morgantina is annexed by Kamarina
*425 Ozolian Locris joins the Peloponnesian League
*425 Athens withdraws from Lecas and [[Acarnania]]
*425 Athens withdraws from Messene and Mylae is impressed into the Delian League
*424 Herakleion is annexed by Makedonia
*424 Eion, Akanthus and Amphipolis are besieged by Sparta
*424 Stagira joins the Peloponnesian League
*424 Nisaia, and [[Siphae]] are occupied by Athenai
*424 Thyrea is occupied by Athens
*[[424 BC|424]] First Athenian Intervention in Sicily ends
*[[424 BC|424]] [[Pagondas]] of Thebes (in Greece) crushes Athenian army at the [[Battle of Delium]], [[Brasidas]] a Spartan general, has a successful campaign in the [[Chalkidiki|Chalcidice]], Cleon exiles [[Thucydides]] for 20 years for arriving late.
*423 Sparta occupied Amphipolis and Scione
*423 Torone is occupied by Makedonia
*423 Akanthus joins the Peloponnesian League
*[[423 BC|423]] [[Truce of Laches]] supposed to stop Brasidas but does not, Nicias commands Athenian forces in retaking [[Mende (Chalcidice)|Mende]].
*423 Olynthus form the [[Chalcidian League]] independent of the Delian League
*422 Stagira is besieged by Athens
*422 Neapolis is annexed by Rome
*422 Torone and Scione are impressed into the Delian League
*[[422 BC|422]] Cleon meets Brasidas outside of Amphipolis, both are killed ([[Battle of Amphipolis]]).
*422 Syracuse annexes the now weak Leontini
*[[421 BC|421]] [[Peace of Nicias]] brings temporary end to war, but [[Alcibiades]], a nephew of [[Pericles]], makes anti-Sparta alliance.
*421 Herakleion is impressed into the Delian League
*421 Cumae is annexed by [[Osci|Oscans]]
*421 Athens abandons the Siege of Stagira
*421 Delphi declares independence from Phocis
*421 Argulus, [[Apollonia (Mygdonia)|Apollonia]], Potidaea, Akanthus, Stageira and others join the Chalcidian League
*[[420 BC|420]] [[Mantineia]], Argos, [[Ancient Elis|Elis]], [[Sicyon]] and Achaea betray Sparta and switch to the Delian League
*419 Athens occupies Epidauros
*[[419 BC|419]] King [[Agis II]] of Sparta attacks Argos, makes treaty.
*[[418 BC|418]] [[Battle of Mantinea (418 BC)|Battle of Mantinea]], greatest land battle of war, gives Sparta victory over Argos, which violated treaty, Alcibiades thrown out, alliance ended.
*418 Orchmenos is occupied by Argos
*417 Orchmenos is given to Boeotia
*417 Sicyon joins the Peloponnesian League
*417 Epidauros is occupied by Sparta
*416 [[Milos|Melos]] is besieged by Athens
*[[416 BC|416]] Alcibiades makes plans, is restored to power.
*416 Selinus annexes Segesta's frontier provinces
*[[416 BC|416]] [[Melian dialogue|Massacre of the Melians]].
*[[415 BC|415]] [[Herma]]i statues are mutilated in Athens, Alcibiades accused, asks for inquiry, told to set sail for battle ([[Sicilian Expedition]]), is condemned to death in absentia, he defects to [[Sparta]].
*415 Many Syracusan cities rebel
*415–413 [[Siege of Syracuse (415-413 BC)|Siege of Syracuse]]
*414-413 Metapontion allies with Athens
*[[414 BC|414]] [[Lamachus]], Athenian commander killed at Syracuse.
*[[413 BC|413]] Nicias and Demosthenes killed at Syracuse
*413 Leontini and Kamarina are vassalized by Syracuse
*413 Herakleion is annexed by Makedonia
*413 Miletus and Khios betray Athens and join the Peloponnesian League
*[[412 BC|412]] Alcibiades is expelled from Sparta, conspires to come back to Athens.
*412 Methymna is occupied by Sparta
*412 Klazomenai and Kyzikus betray Athens and join the Peloponnesian League
*412 Chios is sieged by Athens
*412 [[Aygrion]] dies and is succeeded by [[Aygris]]
*411 Sparta allies with Persia
*411 Aspendos is annexed by Persia
*411 Kyzikus and Klazomenai are impressed into the Delian League
*411 [[Oropos]] is occupied by Boeotia
*411 Illios is annexes by [[Lampsacene|Lampsacus]]
*411 Athens abandons the Siege of Chios
*411 Sparta leaves Methymna
*411 Euboea, Byzantium, Abydos, Andros, Antandrus, Lampsacus, Chalcedon and Rodos betray Athens and join the Peloponnesian League
*411 Abydos is overthrown by Dercylidas
*411 Selinus attacks Segesta once again and aggravates Carthage
*411 Athens is overthrown by the [[The Four Hundred (oligarchy)|Four Hundred]]
*[[410 BC|410]] After several successes, Athenian demagogue Cleophon rejects Spartan peace offers.
*410 Segesta is annexed by Carthage
*410 Four Hundred are overthrown by Athens
*409 Antandrus is annexed by Persia
*409 Abydos is besieged by Athens
*409 Sparta sieges Klazomenai
*409 Selinus and Himera are sacked by Carthage
*[[409 BC|409]] Byzantium recaptured by Alcibiades for Athens.
*408 The 3 poleis of [[Rhodes|Rodos]] unite and build a new capital called Rodos
*408 Athens besieges Paleopoli
*408 Athens abandons Siege of Abydos
*408 Sparta abandons the Siege of Klazomenai
*[[408 BC|408]] Alcibiades reenters Athens in triumph, Lysander, a Spartan commander, has fleet built at Ephesus.
*407 Thermae is founded by Carthage
*407 Athens abandons the Siege of Paleopoli
*[[407 BC|407]] Lysander begins destruction of Athenian fleet, Alcibiades stripped of power.
*406 Sparta sieges Methymna
*406 Akragas is sacked by Carthage
*[[406 BC|406]] [[Callicratides]], Spartan naval commander, loses [[Battle of Arginusae]] over blockade of Mitylene harbor, Sparta sues for peace, rejected by Cleophon.
*405 Methymna is impressed into the Peloponnesian League
*405 Syracuse is overthrown by [[Dionysius I of Syracuse|Dionysius the Elder]]
*405 Melos is annexed by Sparta
*405 Gela, Kamarina and Akrillai is sacked by Carthage
*405 Carthage allow the people of the sacked cities to return as Carthaginian subjects and rebuild their cities
*405 Leontini and Morgantina declare independence from Syracuse
*405 Carthage annexes [[Elymians|Elymi]], Sicel and [[Sicani|Sican]] territory
*[[405 BC|405]] The naval '''Battle of [[Aegospotami]]''' in which Lysander captures the Athenian fleet, Spartan king [[Pausanias of Sparta|Pausanias]] besieges Athens, Cleophon executed, Corinth and Thebes demand destruction of Athens.
*405 Klazomenai and Ephesus betray Athens and join the Peloponnesian League. All Carthaginian subjects (Except Ziz, their islands, Motya, Solus, Elymi, Segesta, and Entella) gain independence
*[[404 BC|404]] Athens capitulates April 25. [[Theramenes]] secures terms, prevents total destruction of Athens, Theramenes and Alcibiades are killed.
*404 Delian League is dissolved
*404 Korinth leaves the Peloponnesian League
*404 [[Entella]] is overthrown by mercenaries loyal to Carthage
*404 Aygris becomes a Syracusan Subject
*404 Nafpaktos is annexed by Ozolian Locris
*404 Athens is overthrown by the [[Thirty Tyrants|Thirty]]
*404 Athens joins the Peloponnesian League
*403 Aeimnestus, who is loyal to Dionysius, overthrows Castrugiuvanni
*403 Aetna is overthrown by mercenaries loyal to Dionysius
*403 Dionysius destroys Naxos and Catania and Sicels split Naxos with Syracuse, Catania is ruled by Campanian mercenaries loyal to Dionysius
*403 Athens overthrows the Thirty
*403 Athens leaves the Peloponnesian League and refounds the Delian League
*402 Elis leaves the Peloponnesian League and is subsequently sieged by Sparta
*401 Euboea joins the Delian League
*401 Elis is sacked and impressed into the Peloponnesian League
*401 Dionysius free Castrugiuvanni from Aeimnestus
*401 Poseidonia is annexed by [[Lucanians]]
*[[401 BC|401]] Thucydides, Greek historian, leaves account of "[[Golden Age of Pericles]]" and Peloponnesian War at his death ([[History of the Peloponnesian War]]).
*400 [[Adranon]] is founded by Dionysius
*400 Aygris annexes Centuripe
*[[400 BC|400]] [[Democritus]], Greek philosopher, develops [[Atomic theory]], believes cause and necessity, nothing comes out of nothing
*399 Illios declares independence from Lampsacus
*399 Sparta sways Persian Controlled Greek cities near [[Pergamon]] to their side and march on [[Egyptian Larissa]] and siege it
*[[399 BC|399]] [[Socrates]], Greek philosopher, condemned to death for corrupting youth.
*398 Ionia joins the Peloponnesian League
*398 All Carthaginian subjects (Except [[Palermo|Ziz]], their islands, [[Motya]], [[Soluntum|Solus]], Elymi, Segesta, and Entella) gain independence from Carthage
*398 Dionysius sieges Segesta and Entella
*398 Mainland territory of Motya is occupied by Dionysius
*397 Motya is destroyed by Dionysius and the Carthaginians build [[Marsala|Lilybaion]] to replace it
*397 Dionysius abandons the Sieges of Entella and Segesta
*397 Eryx, Segesta, Lipari, Messene and Entella are annexed by Carthage
*397 Carthage allies with the Sicel cities except [[Assorus, Sicily|Assorus]]
*397 [[Taormina|Tauormenion]] is founded by Carthage to be a supply base, settled by Sicels
*397 Carthaginian forces have to go the long way around [[Mount Etna]] due to an eruption
*397 Catania is occupied by Carthage
*397 [[Battle of Catana (397 BC)|Battle of Catania]]
*397 Syracuse is besieged by Carthage
*396 Carthage lifts the [[Siege of Syracuse (397 BC)|Siege of Syracuse]] and abandons Eastern Sicily except Messene and Lipari
*396 Himera and Selinus are annexed by Carthage
*396 Gela, Ergezio, Catania, Adranon, Kamarina and Leontini are annexed by Dionysius
*396 [[Tyndaris]] is founded by Dionysius to combat piracy and a base of operations
*396 Persia annexes Rodos
*396 Sparta campaigns in [[Phrygia]]
*395 Sparta campaigns in Ionia, [[Caria]] and march up to [[Sardis]]
*395 Orchmenus leaves the Boeotian League
*395 [[Cephaloedium]] is annexed by Dionysius
*395 Mylae is annexed by Rhegion
*395 Argos, Korinthos and Boeotian League leave the Peloponnesian League
*394 Sparta withdraws from [[Anatolia]]
*394 All Thracian and Anatolian Greek cities leave the Peloponnesian League (Except Sestos and Abydos)
*394 Virtually all Greek Anatolian cities are annexed by Persia
*394 Klazomenaites relocate to an island off shore
*394 Mylae is annexed by Syracuse
*393 Lipari is annexed by Syracuse
*393 [[Italiote League]] is formed by Sybaris on the Traeis, Croton, [[Caulonia (ancient city)|Caulonia]], Thurii, Rhegium and [[Velia]]
*393 Imbros, Lemnos and Skyros are annexed by Athens
*393 Makedonia starts paying tribute to the newly formed [[Dardani|Kingdom of Dardania]]
*393 Chalcidian League annexes some Makedonian land
*392 Sparta occupies [[Lechaio|Lechaeum]]
*392 Heraclea Minoa, Akragas and Sicani territory are annexed by Carthage
*392 Sicel territory is annexed by Dionysius
*392 Makedonia stops paying tribute to Dardania
*392 Makedonia reannexes the land taken by the Chalcidian League
*392 [[Damastion]] is annexed by Dardania
*391 Korinth occupies [[Phlius]]
*391 Tauromenion is overthrown by mercenaries loyal to Dionysius
*391 Makedonia starts pays tribute to Dardania
*390 The [[Acarnanian League]] joins the Peloponnesian League
*390 Dercylidas is succeeded by [[Anaxibius|Anaxibios]]
*390 Himera is merged into Thermae
*390 Dionysius transfers control of Mylae to Messene
*390 Kroton is annexed by Syracuse
*390 Argos and Korinth unite into [[Argo-Korinth|Argos-Korinth]]
*390 Castrugiuvani is annexed by Syracuse
*389 Metapontion is annexed by Syracuse
*389 Anaxibios is overthrown by Abydos
*387 Rhegion is annexed by Syracuse and renamed it to Phoebea
*[[387 BC|387]] [[Peace of Antalcidas]] concluded between the Greeks and the Persians that leads to virtually all Greek cities in Asia Minor being annexed by Persia
*387 [[Ancona]] is founded by [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] settlers from [[Syracuse, Italy|Syracuse]], who gave it its name: ''Ancona'' stems from the Greek word Ἀγκών (Ankòn), meaning "elbow"
*387 Argos and Korinth split
*387 All cities gain independence and all league except the Peloponnesian League are disbanded
*386 Phlius becomes a democracy
*385 Dardania attacks [[Molossians|Molossia]]
*385 The [[Ancient Greece|Greeks]] colonized the island of Pharos ([[Hvar|Hvar, Croatia]]).<ref>Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992, {{ISBN|0-631-19807-5}}, page 114,"... in the early history of the colony settled in 385 BC on the island Pharos (Hvar) from the Aegean island Paros, famed for its marble. In traditional fashion they accepted the guidance of an oracle, ..."</ref>
*384 Dionysius occupies Pyrgi and Caere
*384 Chalcidian League annexes Makedonia land including [[Pella]]
*383 Gela gains independence from Syracuse
*383 Dionysius leaves [[Etruscan civilization|Eturia]]
*383 [[Liburnia]] besieges Pharos
*383 Potidaea leaves the Chalcidian League
*382 Thebes is overthrown by Leontiades and Archias
*382 Thebes is impressed into the Peloponnesian League
*380 Sparta besieges Phlius
*380 Makedonia recaptures their former territory
*379 Kroton is annexed by Dionysius
*379 Phlius is impressed into the Peloponnesian League
*379 The Chalcidian League is disbanded and its former members are impressed into the Peloponnesian League and Potidaea and Korinth also join the league
*379 Leontiades and Archias are overthrown and Thebes leaves the Peloponnesian League
*379 Sparta occupies [[Thespiae]]
*378 [[Themison of Eretria|Themison]] overthrows Eretria
*377 The Boeotian League is refounded by Thebes
*376 Abdera is sacked by the [[Triballi]] and [[Maroneia]]
*376 Thespiae and the rest of Boeotia are liberated and join the Boeotian League
*375 The Acarnanian League defects from the Peloponnesian League and joins the Delian League
*375 Chalcidian League is reestablished by Olynthus and joins the Delian League
*373 Kerkyra is besieged by Sparta
*371 Sparta leaves Kerkyra
*370 Gythium is occupied by Thebes
*370 [[Heraclea Sintica]] is founded by Makedonia
*369 Korinth is overthrown by [[Timophanes]]
*368 [[Aetolian League]] is founded
*367 [[Daparria]] is annexed by Dardania
*367 Kroton is annexed by [[Bruttians|Bruttian League]]
*366 [[Opus, Greece|Opus]] declares independence from Athens with the help of Themison
*365 Opus requests Thebes to protect them from Athens and sends a garrison. Opus is impressed into the Boeotian League
*364 Timophanes is assassinated
*364 Orchmenus leaves the Boeotian League and is subsequently sieged by Thebes
*363 Orchmenus is impressed into the Boeotian League
*363 Pydna is impressed into the Delian League
*362 Themison dies and is succeeded by [[Plutarch of Eretria|Plutarch]]
*361 Potidaea and Torone are impressed into the Delian League and become Athenian Cluerchies
*360 Tauromenion overthrows the mercenaries and falls under the tyranny of Andromache
*360 Illios is overthrown by [[Charidemus|Charidemos]]
*360 Abydos is overthrown by [[Iphiades]]
*359 Charidemos is overthrown by Illios
*359 Dardania annexes [[Lake Ohrid]] and [[Upper Macedonia]]
*359 [[Archelaus (son of Amyntas)|Archelaus]] annexes [[Methone (Pieria), Greece|Methone]], [[Aegae (Macedon)|Aegae]] and Pydna
*358 Archelaus is annexed by Makedonia
*358 Macedonia reannexes Lake Ohrid, [[Lynkestis]] and Upper Macedonia from Dardania
*358 Makedonia annexes [[Paeonia (kingdom)|Paeonia]]
*357 [[Social War (357–355 BC)|Social War]] Starts
*357 [[Kos]], Khios, Rodos and Byzantium leave the Delian League
*357 Makedonia annexes Pydna and Amphipolis
*357 Dionysius II is overthrown by [[Dion of Syracuse|Dion]]
*356 Phocis annexes Delphi
*356 Locris is annexed by Dionysius II
*356 Lemnos, Samos and Imbros is occupied by Chios and leave the Delian League
*356 Makedonia annexes [[Krinides|Crenides]], renames it [[Philippi]] and settles it with Makedonians
*356 Makedonian border set on [[Nestos (river)|Nestus]] river
*356 Potidaea and [[Anthemous|Anthemus]] are annexed by Chalcidian League
*356 Makedonia besieges Methone
*356 Lokros is overthrown by Dionysius II
*355 Social War Ends
*355 [[Argolas]] is besieged by Phocis
*355 Dion is overthrown by [[Callippus of Syracuse|Callipus]]
*354 Methone and Abdera are annexed by Makedonia
*354 Phocis abandons the Siege of Argolas
*354 [[Thessaly]] is vassalized by Phocis
*353 Catania is annexed by Callipus
*353 Makedonia occupied Pagasae
*353 Thessaly is vassalized by Makedonia
*352 Callipus is overthrown by [[Hipparinos]] (Callipus keeps Catania)
*352 Nicodemus overthrows Centuripe
*352 Orchmenus and [[Chaeronea]] are occupied by Phocis
*351 Rhegion is annexed by Callipus
*350 [[Akanthos (Greece)|Akanthos]] is annexed by Makedonia
*350 [[Nice|Nice (Nicaea)]] is founded by the [[Ancient Greece|Greeks]] of Massalia ([[Marseille]]), and was given the name of ''Nikaia'' (Νίκαια) in honour of a victory over the neighbouring [[Ligures|Ligurians]]; [[Nike (mythology)|Nike]] (Νίκη) was the [[Greek mythology|Greek goddess]] of victory.
*350 Hipparinos is overthrown by Aretaeus
*350 [[Mamercus of Catane|Mamercus]] ousts Callippus from Catania
*349 Plutarch is expelled from Eretria
*349 Aretaeus is overthrown by [[Nysaios]]
*348 Stagira is annexed by Makedonia
*348 Callipus is overthrown by [[Leptines II|Leptines]]
*347 Leontini is overthrown by [[Hicetas of Leontini|Hicetas]] 
*[[347 BC|347]] [[Plato]], Greek philosopher, founder of [[Academy]], dies.
*347 Methymna is overthrown by [[Kleommis]]
*346 Phocis withdraws from Boeotia
*346 Dionysius II leaves Locris and overthrows Nysaios
*346 [[Lyctus|Lyttos]] is besieged by [[Knossos]]
*346 Makedonia occupies Thermopylae and [[Antikyra]], Nicaea is occupied by Thessaly
*345 Makedonia withdraws from Thermopylae and Antikyra
*345 [[Grabaei]] becomes a vassal of Macedonia
*345 Hicetas sieges Syracuse and seizes Syracuse's territory
*345 The Pro-Makedonian Tyrant [[Hipparchus of Euboea|Hipparchus]] overthrows Eretria
*345 Mainland [[Syracuse, Sicily|Syracuse (City)]] is occupied by Hicetas leaving only the citadel in Dionysius' control
*344 Macedonia occupies Illios and annexes Tenedos
*344 Siege of Lyttos lifted by Knossos
*344 Knossos besieges [[Kydonia]]
*344 Hicetas is repulsed by [[Timoleon]] from Syracuse
*344 Timoleon takes control of all Syracusan forces outside the citadel
*343 Messene is rebuilt by Timoelon, Adranon is freed from mercenary control, Nicodemus is overthrown by Centuripe with help of Timoleon
*343 Timoleon annexes the citadel
*343 Siege of Kydonia is lifted by Knossos
*342 Rhegion is freed by Timoleon
*[[342 BC|342]] [[Aristotle]], [[Greek philosopher]], begins teaching Alexander, son of [[Philip II of Macedon|Philip of Macedon]].
*341 Hipparchus is overthrown by Athenian forces and impressed into the Delian league
*341 Samothrace is annexed by Makedonia
*340 Antipolis (modern day [[Antibes]]) is founded by Phocaean Greeks from [[Marseille|Massilia]].<ref>{{citation |last=Freely |first=John |title=The western shores of Turkey: discovering the Aegean and Mediterranean coasts |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=84WaOXNwWfoC&pg=PA91 91] }}</ref>
*340 Skyros is annexed by Makedonia
*340 Entella is freed by Timoleon
*339 [[Elateia]] is occupied by Makedonia
*339 Agyris and Aetna are freed by Timoleon
*339 Nicaea is occupied by Boeotia
*338 Amphissa is annexed by Delphi
*338 Thyrea is annexed by Argos
*338 Mamercus dies
*338 Cumae is annexed by [[Roman Republic|Rome]]
*338 Leontini is freed by Timoleon
*338 Nafpaktos joins the Aetolian League
*[[338 BC|338]] King Philip II of Macedon defeats Athens and Thebes at [[Battle of Chaeronea (338 BC)|Battle of Chaeronea]] August 2 and establishes [[League of Corinth]] during winter of 338 BC/337 BC.
*337 Amfissa declares independence from Delphi
*336 Timoleon dies
*336 [[Lesbos]] is annexed by Makedonia
*[[336 BC|336]] [[Alexander the Great|Alexander]] succeeds father Philip II, who was assassinated by [[Pausanias of Orestis]].
*334 Andromache dies and his city is annexed by Syracuse
*[[334 BC|334]] [[Battle of the Granicus]]
*333 [[Samnium|Saminum]] is occupied by [[Epirus (ancient state)|Epirus]]
*[[333 BC|333]] Alexander defeats Persians at [[Battle of Issus]], but [[Darius III]] escapes.
*332 [[Epirus (ancient state)|Epirus]] occupies [[Heraclea Lucania|Heraclea]], [[Metapontum|Metapontium]], Southern [[Lucania]], [[Daunians|Daunia]], [[Paestum]], [[Terina (ancient city)|Terina]] and [[Siponto|Sipontum]]
*332 [[Siege of Tyre (332 BC)|Siege of Tyre]]
*332 [[Siege of Gaza (332 BCE)|Siege of Gaza]]
*[[332 BC|332]] Alexander conquers [[Egypt]].
*[[332 BC|332]] [[Alexandria]] is founded by [[Alexander the Great]]
*331 [[Epirus (ancient state)|Epirus]] occupies Cosentia
*331 [[Battle of Pandosia]]
*331 [[Jerash|Gerasa]] ([[Jordan]]) is founded by Makedonian veterans
*[[331 BC|331]] at [[Battle of Gaugamela]] October 1, Alexander ends [[Achaemenid]] Dynasty and conquers [[Achaemenid Empire|Persian Empire]].
*331 [[Alexander the Great]] enters in [[Babylon]]
*331 Tauromenion is freed by Carthage
*[[331 BC|331]] [[Battle of the Uxian Defile]] (East of [[Susa]], [[Iran]])
*330 Sparta joins the [[League of Corinth]]
*330 [[Battle of the Persian Gate]], destruction of [[Persepolis]] (modern [[Iran]])
*330-325 [[Pytheas]] makes the earliest [[Greeks|Greek]] voyage to [[Great Britain]] and the [[Arctic Circle]] for which there is a record.
*[[329 BC|329]] [[Siege of Cyropolis]]
*[[329 BC|329]] [[Battle of Jaxartes]]
*[[329 BC|329]] Alexander conquers [[Samarkand]], [[Uzbekistan]]
*329 [[Alexander the Great]] founds [[Alexandria Eschate]] in modern [[Tajikistan]]
*329-160 [[Dayuan|Dayuan Kingdom]].<ref>It is mentioned in the accounts of the famous Chinese [[explorer]] [[Zhang Qian]] in 130 BC and the numerous embassies that followed him into Central Asia. The country of Dayuan is generally accepted as city state relating to the [[Ferghana Valley]], and its Greek city [[Alexandria Eschate]] (modern [[Khujand]], [[Tajikistan]])</ref>
*328 Sybaris on the Traeis is annexed by Bruttian League
*327 Oenidae is impressed into the Aetolian League
*[[327 BC|327]] Under the command of [[Alexander the Great]] the forces of the [[League of Corinth|Hellenic League]] captures the fortress of the [[Sogdian Rock]]. [[Sogdia]]na and the [[Kabul]] region came under Hellenic control 
*[[327 BC|327]] Alexander invades [[India|northern India]], but his army is despondent and refuses to march further eastwards.
*326 [[Battle of the Hydaspes]]
*326 Samos joins the Delian League
*326 [[Alexandria Bucephalous]] (located on the [[Hydaspes]] river, [[Pakistan]]) is founded by [[Alexander the Great]] in memory of his beloved horse [[Bucephalus]]
*325 [[Nearchus]] serving under [[Alexander the Great]] discovers [[Tylos]] (the name used by the Greeks to refer to [[Bahrain]]).<ref name="Larsen">Life and Land Use on the Bahrain Islands: The Geoarchaeology of an Ancient Society By Curtis E. Larsen p. 50</ref>
*324 Kroton is overthrown by [[List of ancient Greek tyrants|Menedemus]]
*324 [[Charax Spasinu]], one of [[Alexander the Great|Alexander's]] last cities before his death, is established at the head of the [[Persian Gulf]] (modern [[Iran]]) replacing a small Persian settlement, Durine.<ref>[[Jona Lendering]], [https://www.livius.org/aj-al/alexandria/charax.html Charax] at Livius.org</ref>

==Hellenistic Greece (323–30 BC)==
*[[323 BC|323]] King Alexander dies, his generals vie for power in [[Wars of the Diadochi]]
*[[322 BC|322]]–[[320 BC|320]]  First War of the Diadochi.
*[[320 BC|320]] [[Partition of Triparadisus]]
*[[320 BC|320]]–[[311 BC|311]]  [[Second War of the Diadochi]]
*[[316 BC|316]] [[Menander]], Greek playwright, wins Athenian prize.
*[[312 BC|312]]–[[63 BC|63]] [[Seleucid Empire]]
*[[310 BC|310]] [[Zeno of Citium]] founds his [[Stoicism|stoic]] school in Athens.
*[[310 BC|310]] [[Battle of White Tunis (310 BC)|Battle of White Tunis]] (near modern [[Tunis]], [[Tunisia]])
*[[307 BC|307]] [[Epicurus]] founds his philosophic school in Athens.
*[[305 BC|305]]–[[30 BC|30]] [[Ptolemaic Kingdom]]
*[[305 BC|305]] [[Seleucia]], also known as {{nowrap|''Seleucia-on-Tigris''}} or {{nowrap|''Seleucia on the Tigris''}} (modern [[Iraq]]) is founded by [[Seleucus I Nicator]]
*[[301 BC|301]] [[Battle of Ipsus]]
*[[300 BC|300]] [[Antioch]], is founded by [[Seleucus I Nicator]] in honor of his father [[Antiochus (father of Seleucus I Nicator)|Antiochus]]
*[[300 BC|300]] [[Euclid]], Greek mathematician, publishes ''[[Euclid's Elements|Elements]],'' treating both geometry and number theory (see also [[Euclidean algorithm]]).
*[[295 BC|295]] [[Athens]] falls to [[Demetrius I of Macedon|Demetrius]], [[Lachares]] killed.
*[[282 BC|282]]–[[133 BC|133]] [[Attalid dynasty|Kingdom of Pergamon]]
*[[281 BC|281]]  Creation of the [[Achaean League]]
*[[280 BC|280]] The [[Greek colony]] of Aspálathos (Aσπάλαθος) is founded (modern day [[Split (city)|Split]]).
*[[280 BC|280]]–[[275 BC|275]] [[Pyrrhic War]]
*[[279 BC|279]] [[Gallic invasion of the Balkans]]
*[[274 BC|274]]–[[271 BC|271]] [[First Syrian War]]
*[[267 BC|267]]–[[262 BC|262]] [[Chremonidean War]]
*[[265 BC|265]] [[Archimedes]], Greek mathematician, develops [[Archimedes' screw]], [[specific gravity]], [[center of gravity]]; anticipates discoveries of integral calculus.
*[[260 BC|260]]–[[253 BC|253]] [[Second Syrian War]]
*[[256 BC|256]]–[[125 BC|125]] [[Greco-Bactrian Kingdom]]
*[[246 BC|246]]–[[241 BC|241]] [[Third Syrian War]]
*[[235 BC|235]] [[Tanais|Tanais (Rostov-on-Don, Russia)]] is founded by merchant adventurers from [[Miletus]]
*[[220 BC|220]] [[Euthydemus I]] of the Greco-Bactrians led expeditions as far as [[Kashgar]] and [[Ürümqi]] in [[Xinjiang]], leading to the first known contacts between China and the West.<ref>The Greek historian [[Strabo]] too writes that: "they extended their empire even as far as the [[Serica|Seres]] (Chinese) and the [[Phryni]]". ([[Strabo]], XI.XI.I)</ref>
*[[219 BC|219]]–[[217 BC|217]] [[Fourth Syrian War]]
*[[214 BC|214]]–[[205 BC|205]] [[First Macedonian War]]
*[[203 BC|203]]–[[200 BC|200]] [[Fifth Syrian War]]
*[[200 BC|200]]–[[196 BC|196]] [[Second Macedonian War]]
*[[192 BC|192]]–[[188 BC|188]] [[Roman–Syrian War]]
*[[180 BC|180]]–[[10 AD]] [[Indo-Greek Kingdom]]
*[[172 BC|172]]–[[167 BC|167]] [[Third Macedonian War]]
*[[170 BC|170]]–[[168 BC|168]] [[Sixth Syrian War]]
*[[155 BC]] Attack of the Indo-Greeks on [[Pataliputra]],<ref>"The advance of the Greek to Pataliputra is recorded from the Indian side in the Yuga-purana", Tarn, p.145</ref> a magnificent fortified city with 570 towers and 64 gates according to [[Megasthenes]],<ref>"The greatest city in India is that which is called Palimbothra, in the dominions of the Prasians [[...]] Megasthenes informs us that this city stretched in the inhabited quarters to an extreme length on each side of eighty stadia, and that its breadth was fifteen stadia, and that a ditch encompassed it all round, which was six hundred feet in breadth and thirty cubits in depth, and that the wall was crowned with 570 towers and had four-and-sixty gates." Arr. Ind. 10. "Of Pataliputra and the Manners of the Indians.", quoting Megasthenes [http://www.mssu.edu/projectsouthasia/history/primarydocs/Foreign_Views/GreekRoman/Megasthenes-Indika.htm Text] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210080315/http://www.mssu.edu/projectsouthasia/history/primarydocs/Foreign_Views/GreekRoman/Megasthenes-Indika.htm |date=December 10, 2008 }}</ref> who describes the ultimate destruction of the city's walls.<ref>"The text of the Yuga Purana, as we have shown, gives an explicit clue to the period and nature of the invasion of Pataliputra in which the Indo-Greeks took part, for it says that the Pancalas and the Mathuras were the other powers who attacked Saketa and destroyed Pataliputra", Narain, ''The Indo-Greeks'', p. 112.</ref>
*[[150 BC]] King [[Attalus II Philadelphus|Attalus II]] of [[Pergamon]] founds the city of ''Attaleia'' or [[Antalya]] in his honour.
*[[150 BC|150]]–[[148 BC|148]] [[Fourth Macedonian War]]
*[[146 BC|146]] [[Battle of Corinth (146 BC)|Battle of Corinth]]
*[[30 BC|30]] Death of Ptolemaic Queen Cleopatra

==See also==
* [[Timeline of Athens]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Ancient Greece topics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Greece, Ancient}}
[[Category:Ancient timelines]]
[[Category:Greek timelines|Ancient Greece]]
[[Category:Ancient Greece-related lists]]