View source for Timeline of United States military operations

{{short description|Notable events in the history of U.S. government military operations}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{AmericanEmpire}}
This '''timeline of United States military operations''', based in part on reports by the [[Congressional Research Service]], shows the years and places in which [[United States Armed Forces]] units participated in armed conflicts or occupation of foreign territories. Items '''in bold''' are wars most often considered to be ''major conflicts'' by historians and the general public.

Note that instances where the U.S. government gave aid alone, with no military personnel involvement, are excluded, as are [[Central Intelligence Agency]] operations. In domestic peacetime disputes such as riots and [[:Category:Labor disputes|labor issues]], only operations undertaken by [[active duty]] personnel (also called "federal troops" or "U.S. military") are depicted in this article; [[state defense force]]s and the [[National Guard (United States)|National Guard]] are not included, as they are not fully integrated into the U.S. Armed Forces even if they are federalized for duty within the United States itself.

== Conflict names and dates ==
Throughout its history, the United States has engaged in numerous military conflicts. The country has officially declared war on foreign nations on five occasions. Additionally, the [[United States Congress]] and the [[United Nations Security Council]] have authorized and funded various military engagements. In the military, specific names are assigned to operations and phases of wars. For example, during the [[Gulf War]], operations were designated as Desert Shield, Desert Storm, and Desert Sabre. Furthermore, each operation may encompass distinct phases, each with its own unique name.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Veterans Employment Toolkit |url=https://www.va.gov/vetsinworkplace/docs/em_datesnames.asp |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=www.va.gov |language=en}}</ref>

== Extraterritorial and major domestic deployments ==
Portions of this list are from the [[Congressional Research Service]] report RL30172, version of October 5, 2004.<ref name = "congress">
{{note label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}'''RL30172:''' {{cite web
|title=Instances of Use of United States Armed Forces Abroad, 1798 - 2004 (Report # RL30172)
|publisher=Congressional Research Service (republished by Air War College)
|date=October 5, 2004
|url=http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/crs/rl30172.htm
|access-date=July 15, 2006
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170513130032/http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/crs/rl30172.htm
|archive-date=May 13, 2017
|url-status=dead
}}
</ref>

=== 1775–1799 ===
'''1775–1783''': '''[[American Revolutionary War]]''': an armed struggle for secession from the [[British Empire]] by the [[Thirteen Colonies]] that would subsequently become the United States.

'''1776–1777''': [[Cherokee War of 1776]]: a series of armed conflicts when the [[Cherokee]] fought to prevent the encroachment of American settlers into [[eastern Tennessee]] and [[eastern Kentucky]]; under British rule, this land had been preserved as native territory.

'''1776–1794''': [[Cherokee–American wars]]: a continuation of the Second Cherokee War, which included a larger number of native tribes attempting to halt the expansion of settlers into [[Kentucky]] and [[Tennessee]]

'''1785–1795''': [[Northwest Indian War]]: a series of battles with various native tribes in present-day [[Ohio]]. The goal of the campaign was to affirm American sovereignty over the region and to create increased opportunities for settlement.

'''1786–1787''': [[Shays' Rebellion]]: a [[Western Massachusetts]] debtor's revolt over a credit squeeze that had financially devastated many farmers.  The [[Federal government of the United States|federal government]] was fiscally unable to raise an army to assist the [[Militia (United States)|state militia]] in combating the uprising; the weakness of the [[Congress of the Confederation|national government]] bolstered the arguments in favor of replacing the [[Articles of Confederation]] with an [[United States Constitution|updated governmental framework]].

'''1791–1794''': [[Whiskey Rebellion]]: a series of protests against the institution of a [[Taxation in the United States|federal tax]] on the distillation of spirits as a revenue source for repaying the nation's [[war bond]]s. The revolt was centered upon [[southwestern Pennsylvania]], although violence occurred throughout the [[Trans-Appalachia]]n region.

'''1798–1800''': '''[[Quasi-War]]''': an undeclared naval war with the [[French First Republic]] over American default on its war debt.  Another contributing factor was the continuation of American trade with Britain, with whom their former French allies were at war. This contest included land actions, such as that in the [[Dominican Republic]] city of [[Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic|Puerto Plata]], where [[United States Marine Corps|U.S. Marines]] captured a French vessel under the guns of the forts. Congress authorized military action through a series of statutes.<ref name = "congress"/>

'''1799–1800''': [[Fries's Rebellion]]: a string of protests against the enactment of new real estate taxes to pay for the Quasi-War. Hostilities were concentrated in the communities of the [[Pennsylvania Dutch]].

=== 1800s ===
'''1801–1805''': [[First Barbary War]]:  a series of naval battles in the Mediterranean against the [[Kingdom of Tripoli]], a quasi-independent state of the [[Ottoman Empire]]. Action was in response to the capture of numerous American ships by the infamous [[Barbary pirates]]. The federal government rejected the Tripolitan request for an annual tribute to guarantee safe passage, and an American naval blockade ensued. After the seizure of {{USS|Philadelphia|1799|6}}, American forces under [[William Eaton (soldier)|William Eaton]] invaded coastal cities. A [[peace treaty]] resulted in the payment of a ransom for the return of captured American soldiers and only temporarily eased hostilities.<ref name = "congress"/>

'''1806''': [[Pike Expedition]]: On an exploratory expedition ordered by Gen. [[James Wilkinson]], an Army platoon under Captain [[Zebulon Pike]] unintentionally entered [[Viceroyalty of New Spain|Spanish Mexico]] at the headwaters of the [[Rio Grande]]. Pike and his troops were made prisoner without resistance at [[Pike's Stockade|a fort he constructed]] in present-day [[Colorado]], taken to Mexico, and later released after seizure of his papers.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1806–1810''': Action in the [[Gulf of Mexico]]: American [[gunboat]]s operated from [[New Orleans]] against Spanish and French [[privateer]]s off the [[Mississippi Delta]], chiefly under Captain [[John Shaw (naval officer)|John Shaw]] and Commodore [[David Porter (naval officer)|David Porter]].<ref name = "congress"/>

=== 1810s ===
'''1810''': [[West Florida]] (Spanish territory): Governor [[William C. C. Claiborne]] of [[Louisiana]], on orders of President [[James Madison]], occupied with troops territory in dispute east of the [[Mississippi River]] as far as the [[Pearl River (Mississippi–Louisiana)|Pearl River]], later the eastern boundary of Louisiana. He was authorized to seize as far east as the [[Perdido River]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1812''': [[Amelia Island]] and other parts of east Florida, then under Spain: Temporary possession was authorized by President [[James Madison]] and by Congress, to prevent occupation by any other power; but possession was obtained by General [[George Mathews (soldier)|George Mathews]] in so irregular a manner that his measures were disavowed by the President.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1812–1815''': '''[[War of 1812]]''': On June 18, 1812, the United States declared war against the United Kingdom. Among the issues leading to the war were British [[impressment]] of American sailors into the [[Royal Navy]], interception of neutral ships and blockades of the United States during British hostilities with France, and support for Indian attacks on American settlers in the [[Northwest Territory]]. {{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}} The war ended with the [[Battle of New Orleans]] in 1815.

'''1813''': West Florida (Spanish territory): On authority given by Congress, General Wilkinson seized [[Mobile Bay]] in April with 600 soldiers. A small Spanish garrison gave way. Thus U.S. troops advanced into disputed territory to the [[Perdido River]], as projected in 1810. No fighting.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1813–1814''': [[Nuku Hiva Campaign]]: U.S. forces built [[Fort Madison, Nuku Hiva|a fort]] on the island of [[Nuku Hiva]] in the [[Marquesas Islands]] (now part of [[French Polynesia]]) to protect three [[prize (law)|prize]] ships which had been captured from the British. The American force subsequently fought with and against native tribes. {{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1814''': Spanish Florida: General [[Andrew Jackson]] took [[Pensacola, Florida|Pensacola]] and drove out the British forces.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1814–1825''': Caribbean: Engagements between pirates and [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] ships or squadrons took place repeatedly especially ashore and offshore about [[Cuba]], [[Puerto Rico]], [[Santo Domingo]], and [[Yucatán (state)|Yucatán]]. Three thousand pirate attacks on merchantmen were reported between 1815 and 1823. In 1822, [[Commodore (USN)|Commodore]] [[James Biddle (commodore)|James Biddle]] employed a squadron of two [[frigate]]s, four [[sloops of war]], two [[brig]]s, four [[schooner]]s, and two gunboats in the [[West Indies]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1815''': [[Algiers]]: The [[Second Barbary War]] was declared against the United States by the [[Dey of Algiers]] of the [[Barbary states]], an act not reciprocated by the United States. Congress did authorize a military expedition by statute. A large fleet under Captain [[Stephen Decatur]] attacked Algiers and obtained indemnities.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1815''': Tripoli: After securing an agreement from Algiers, Captain [[Stephen Decatur]] demonstrated with his squadron at [[Tunis]] and Tripoli, where he secured indemnities for offenses during the War of 1812.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1816''': Spanish Florida: United States forces destroyed [[Negro Fort]], which harbored [[fugitive slave]]s making raids into United States territory.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1816–1818''': Spanish Florida – First [[Seminole War]]: The [[Seminole Indians]], whose area was a haven for escaped slaves and border ruffians, were attacked by troops under General Jackson and General [[Edmund P. Gaines]] and pursued into northern Florida. Spanish posts were attacked and occupied, British citizens executed.  In 1819 the Floridas were [[Adams–Onís Treaty|ceded to the United States]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1817''': [[Amelia Island]] (Spanish territory off Florida): Under orders of President [[James Monroe]], United States forces landed and expelled a group of smugglers, adventurers, and freebooters. This episode in Florida's history became known as the [[Amelia Island Affair]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1818''': [[Oregon]]: {{USS|Ontario|1813|6}}, dispatched from Washington, made a landing at the mouth of the [[Columbia River]] to assert U.S. claims. Britain had conceded sovereignty but Russia and Spain asserted claims to the area.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}} Subsequently, American and British claims to the [[Oregon Country]] were resolved with the [[Oregon Treaty]] of 1846.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

===1820s===
'''1820–1823''': Africa: Naval units raided the slave traffic pursuant to the 1819 [[act of Congress]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}{{ref label|Slave Traffic|Slave Traffic|Slave Traffic}}

'''1822''': [[Captaincy General of Cuba|Spanish Cuba]]: United States naval forces suppressing piracy landed on the northwest coast of Cuba and burned a pirate station.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1823''': Cuba: Brief landings in pursuit of pirates occurred April 8 near [[Escondido, Cuba|Escondido]]; April 16 near [[Cayo Blanco, Cuba|Cayo Blanco]]; July 11 at [[Siquapa Bay, Cuba|Siquapa Bay]]; July 21 at [[Cape Cruz, Cuba|Cape Cruz]]; and October 23 at [[Camrioca, Cuba|Camrioca]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1823''': [[Arikara War]].

'''1824''': Cuba: In October {{USS|Porpoise|1820|6}} landed sailors near [[Matanzas]] in pursuit of pirates. This was during the cruise authorized in 1822.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1824''': [[Puerto Rico]] (Spanish territory): Commodore [[David Porter (naval officer)|David Porter]] with a landing party attacked the town of [[Fajardo, Puerto Rico|Fajardo]] which had sheltered pirates and insulted naval officers. He landed with 200 men in November and forced an apology. Commodore Porter was later court-martialed for overstepping his powers.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1825''': Cuba: In March cooperating American and British forces landed at [[Sagua La Grande]] to capture pirates.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1827''': [[Greece]]: In October and November, landing parties [[Aegean Sea anti-piracy operations of the United States|hunted pirates]] on the Mediterranean islands of [[Kimolos|Argentiere (Kimolos)]], [[Myconos]], and [[Andros]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

===1830s===
'''1831''': [[Falkland Islands]]: Captain [[Silas Duncan]] of {{USS|Lexington|1825|6}} attacked, looted and burned [[Puerto Soledad]] (then under the control of the [[United Provinces of the Río de la Plata]]). This was in response to the capture of three American sailing vessels which were detained after ignoring orders to stop depredation of local fishing resources without permission from the United Provinces government.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1832''': [[First Sumatran expedition]]: [[Sumatra]], [[Indonesia]] – February 6 to 9, U.S. forces under [[Commodore (rank)|Commodore]] [[John Downes (naval officer)|John Downes]] aboard the [[frigate]] {{USS|Potomac|1822|6}} landed and stormed a fort to punish natives of the town of Quallah Battoo for plundering the American [[cargo ship]] ''Friendship''.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1833''': [[Argentine Confederation|Argentina]]: October 31 to November 15, A force was sent ashore at [[Buenos Aires]] to protect the interests of the United States and other countries during an insurrection.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1835–1836''': [[Peru]]: December 10, 1835, to January 24, 1836, and August 31 to December 7, 1836, Marines protected American interests in Callao and Lima during an attempted revolution.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1835–1842''': [[Florida Territory]]: United States Navy supports the Army's efforts at quelling uprisings and attacks on civilians by Seminole Indians. Government's efforts to relocate the Seminoles to west of the Mississippi are hindered by 7 years of war.

'''1838''': The [[Caroline affair|''Caroline'' affair]] on [[Navy Island]], [[Upper Canada]]: After the failure of the [[Upper Canada Rebellion]] of 1837 favoring Canadian democracy and independence from the [[British Empire]]; [[William Lyon Mackenzie]] and his rebels fled to Navy Island where they declared the [[Republic of Canada]]. American sympathizers sent supplies on SS ''Caroline'', which was intercepted by the British and set ablaze, after killing one American. It was falsely reported that dozens of Americans were killed as they were trapped on board, and American forces retaliated by burning a British steamer while it was in U.S. waters.

'''1838–1839''': [[Second Sumatran expedition]]: [[Sumatra]], [[Indonesia]] – December 24 to January 4, a naval force landed to punish natives of the towns of Quallah Battoo and Muckie (Mukki) for depredations on American shipping.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

===1840s===
'''1840''': [[Fiji|Fiji Islands]]: In July, naval forces landed to punish natives for attacking the [[United States Exploring Expedition|U.S. Exploring Expedition]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1841''': [[McKean Island]] (Drummond Island/Taputenea), [[Gilbert Islands]] (Kingsmill Group), Pacific Ocean: A naval party landed to avenge the murder of a seaman by the natives.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1841''': [[Samoa]]: On February 24, a naval party landed and burned towns after the murder of an American seaman on [[Upolu]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1842''': Mexico: [[Commodore (United States)|Commodore]] [[Thomas ap Catesby Jones]], in command of a squadron long cruising off California, occupied [[Monterey, California]], on October 19, believing war had come. He discovered peace, withdrew, and saluted. A similar incident occurred a week later at [[San Diego]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1843''': China: Sailors and marines from ''[[USS St. Louis (1828)|USS St. Louis]]'' were landed after a clash between Americans and Chinese at the [[Treaty ports|trading post]] in [[Guangzhou|Canton]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1843''': Africa: From November 29 to December 16, four United States vessels demonstrated and landed various parties (one of 200 marines and sailors) to discourage piracy and the slave trade along the [[Ivory Coast]], and to punish attacks by the natives on American seamen and shipping.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1844''': Mexico: President [[John Tyler]] deployed U.S. forces to protect [[Republic of Texas|Texas]] against Mexico, pending [[United States Senate|Senate]] approval of a treaty of annexation (which was later rejected). He defended his action against a Senate [[resolution of inquiry]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1846–1848''': '''[[Mexican–American War]]''': On May 13, 1846, the United States recognized the existence of a state of war with Mexico. After the annexation of [[Republic of Texas|Texas]] in 1845, the United States and Mexico failed to resolve a boundary dispute and President Polk said that it was necessary to deploy forces in Mexico to meet a threatened invasion.

The war ended with the [[Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo]], signed on February 2, 1848. The treaty gave the U.S. undisputed control of [[Texas]], established the [[Mexico–United States border|U.S.–Mexican border]] of the [[Rio Grande]], and ceded to the United States the present-day states of California, [[Nevada]], [[Utah]], [[Arizona]], [[New Mexico]], [[Wyoming]], and parts of [[Colorado]]. In return, Mexico received {{US$|18250000|1848|round=-6|about=yes}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.legendsofamerica.com/ah-mexicanamericanwar.html |title=American History: The Mexican–American War |publisher=LegendsOfAmerica.com |access-date=April 22, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140511045628/http://www.legendsofamerica.com/ah-mexicanamericanwar.html |archive-date=May 11, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>—less than half the amount the U.S. had attempted to offer Mexico for the land before the opening of hostilities.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1849''': [[Smyrna]] (İzmir, Turkey): In July, a naval force gained release of an American seized by [[Austrian Empire|Austrian]] officials.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

===1850s===
'''1851''': [[Ottoman Empire]]: After a massacre of foreigners (including Americans) at [[Jaffa]] in January, a demonstration by the [[Mediterranean Squadron (United States)|Mediterranean Squadron]] was ordered along the Turkish (Levantine) coast.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1851''': Johanna Island (modern [[Anjouan]], east of Africa): In August, forces from the [[sloop-of-war]] ''[[USS Dale (1839)|USS Dale]]'' [[Johanna Expedition|exacted redress]] for the unlawful imprisonment of the captain of an American [[Whaler|whaling brig]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1852–1853''': Argentina: February 3 to 12, 1852; September 17, 1852, to April 1853: Marines were landed and maintained in Buenos Aires to protect American interests during a revolution.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1853''': [[Nicaragua]]: March 11 to 13, U.S. forces landed to protect American lives and interests during political disturbances.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1853–1854''': [[Empire of Japan|Japan]]: Commodore [[Matthew C. Perry|Matthew Perry]] and [[Perry Expedition|his expedition]] made a display of force leading to the "[[opening of Japan]]".{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1853–1854''': [[Ryukyu Islands|Ryukyu]] and [[Bonin Islands]] (Japan): Commodore [[Matthew C. Perry|Matthew Perry]] on three visits before going to Japan and while waiting for a reply from Japan made a naval demonstration, landing marines twice, and secured a coaling concession from the ruler of [[Naha]] on [[Okinawa Island|Okinawa]]; he also demonstrated in the Bonin Islands with the purpose of securing facilities for commerce.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1854''': [[Qing dynasty|China]]: April 4 to June 17, American and British ships landed forces to protect American interests in and near Shanghai during Chinese civil strife.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1854''': [[Mosquito Coast]] (Nicaragua): On July 9–15, naval forces bombarded and burned [[San Juan del Norte]] ([[Greytown, Nicaragua|Greytown]]) to avenge an injured during a riot to the [[United States Ambassador to Nicaragua|American Minister to Nicaragua]].<ref name="con">Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the 92nd congress - second session, Appendix A : Chronological list of 196 military hostilities abroad without a declaration of war, volume 118-4, February 15, 1972, p. 3879</ref>

'''1855''': China: On May 19–21, U.S. forces protected American interests in Shanghai and, from August 3 to 5 fought pirates near Hong Kong.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1855''': [[Fiji|Fiji Islands]]: From September 12 to November 4, a [[First Fiji expedition|naval force]] landed to seek reparations for attacks on American residents and seamen.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1855''': [[Uruguay]]: On November 25–29, United States and European naval forces landed to protect American interests during an attempted revolution in [[Montevideo]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1856''': [[Panama State]], [[Republic of New Granada]]: On September 19–22, U.S. forces landed to protect American interests during an insurrection.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1856''': China: From October 22 to December 6, U.S. forces landed to protect American interests at Canton during hostilities between the British and the Chinese, and to avenge an assault upon an unarmed boat displaying the [[Flag of the United States|United States flag]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1857–1858''': [[Utah War]]: The Utah War was a dispute between [[Mormon]] settlers in [[Utah Territory]] and the United States federal government. The Mormons and Washington each sought control over the government of the territory, with the national government victorious. The confrontation between the Mormon militia and the U.S. Army involved some destruction of property, but no actual battles between the contending military forces.

'''1857''': Nicaragua: April to May, November to December. In May, Commander [[Charles Henry Davis]] of the United States Navy, with some marines, received the surrender of [[William Walker (filibuster)|William Walker]], self-proclaimed [[president of Nicaragua]], who was losing control of the country to forces financed by his former business partner, [[Cornelius Vanderbilt]], and protected his men from the retaliation of native allies who had been fighting Walker. In November and December of the same year United States vessels {{USS|Saratoga|1842|6}}, {{USS|Wabash|1855|6}}, and Fulton opposed another attempt of William Walker on Nicaragua. Commodore [[Hiram Paulding]]'s act of landing marines and compelling the removal of Walker to the United States, was tacitly disavowed by Secretary of State [[Lewis Cass]], and Paulding was forced into retirement.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1858''': Uruguay: From January 2 to 27, forces from two United States warships landed to protect American property during a revolution in [[Montevideo]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1858''': [[Fiji|Fiji Islands]]: From October 6 to 16, a [[Second Fiji expedition|marine expedition]] with {{USS|Vandalia|1828|6}} killed 14 natives and burned 115 huts in retaliation for the murder of two American citizens at [[Waya Island]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}
{{ref label|Vandalia 1|Vandalia 1|Vandalia 1}}
{{ref label|Vandalia 2|Vandalia 2|Vandalia 2}}

'''1858–1859''': Ottoman Empire: Secretary of State [[Lewis Cass]] requested a display of naval force along the [[Levant]] after a massacre of Americans at [[Jaffa]] and mistreatment elsewhere "to remind the authorities (of the Ottoman Empire) of the power of the United States."{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1859''': [[Paraguay expedition]]: Congress authorized a naval squadron to seek redress for an attack on naval vessel [[USS Water Witch (1851)|USS Water Witch]] in the [[Paraná River]] during 1855. Apologies were made after a large display of force.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1859''': Mexico: Two hundred United States soldiers crossed the Rio Grande in pursuit of the Mexican nationalist [[Juan Cortina]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}} {{ref label|1859 Mexico|1859 Mexico|1859 Mexico}}

'''1859''': China: From July 31 to August 2, a naval force landed to protect American interests in Shanghai.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

===1860s===
'''1860''': [[Angola]], [[Portuguese Angola|Portuguese West Africa]]: On March 1, American residents at [[Kissumbo|Kissembo]] called upon American and British ships to protect lives and property during problems with natives.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1860''': Colombia, [[Panama Bay|Bay of Panama]]: From September 27 to October 8, naval forces landed to protect American interests during a revolution.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1861–1865''': '''[[American Civil War]]''': A major war between the United States (the [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]]) and eleven [[Southern United States|Southern]] states which declared that they had a right to [[secession]] and formed the [[Confederate States of America]].

'''1863''': Japan: July 16, [[Battle of Shimonoseki Straits]]: {{USS|Wyoming|1859|6}} retaliated against a firing on the American vessel Pembroke at the [[Kanmon Straits|Straits of Shimonoseki]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1864''': Japan: From July 14 to August 3, naval forces protected the United States Minister to Japan when he visited [[Edo|Yedo]] to negotiate concerning some American claims against Japan, and to make his negotiations easier by impressing the Japanese with American power.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1864''': Japan: From September 4 to 14, as part of the [[Shimonoseki campaign]], naval forces of the United States, Great Britain, France, and the Netherlands compelled Japan and the Prince of Nagato in particular to permit the Straits of Shimonoseki to be used by foreign shipping in accordance with treaties already signed.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1865''': Panama: On March 9 and 10, U.S. forces protected the lives and property of American residents during a revolution.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1865–1877''': Southern United States – [[Reconstruction Era|Reconstruction]] following the American Civil War: The South is divided into five Union occupation districts under the [[Reconstruction Act]].

'''1866''': Mexico: To protect American residents, General Sedgwick and 100 men in November obtained surrender of [[Matamoros, Tamaulipas|Matamoros]], on the border state of [[Tamaulipas]]. After three days he was ordered by U.S. Government to withdraw. His act was repudiated by President [[Andrew Johnson]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1866''': China: From June 20 to July 7, U.S. forces punished an assault on the American consul at [[Yingkou|Newchwang]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1866–1868''': [[Red Cloud's War]]: war against the [[Lakota Sioux]], [[Cheyenne]], and [[Arapaho]] Native American groups over control of the [[Powder River Country]] and security of the [[Bozeman Trail]] in Wyoming and Montana. The allied Indian tribes achieved a victory at the [[Fetterman Fight]] and were able to negotiate favorable peace terms in the [[Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868)]], which established the [[Great Sioux Reservation]].

'''1867''': Nicaragua: Marines occupied [[Managua]] and [[León, Nicaragua|Leon]].

'''1867''': Formosa (island of Taiwan): On June 13, a naval force landed and burned a number of huts to punish the murder of the crew of a wrecked American vessel.

'''1868''': Japan ([[Osaka]], Hiolo, [[Nagasaki]], [[Yokohama]], and [[Niigata (city)|Negata]]): February 4 to 8, April 4 to May 12, June 12 and 13. U.S. forces were landed to protect American interests during a civil war ([[Boshin War]]) in Japan.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1868''': Uruguay: On February 7–8, and 19–26, U.S. forces protected foreign residents and the customhouse during an insurrection at Montevideo.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1868''': Colombia: In April, U.S. forces protected passengers and treasure in transit at [[Colón, Panama|Aspinwall]] during the absence of local police or troops on the occasion of the death of President [[Manuel Murillo Toro]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

===1870s===
'''1870''': [[Battle of Boca Teacapan]]: On June 17 and 18, U.S. forces destroyed the pirate ship ''Forward'', which had been run aground about 40 miles up the [[Teacapan Estuary]] in Mexico.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1871''': [[Joseon|Korea]]: [[United States expedition to Korea|Shinmiyangyo]] – June 10 to 12, A U.S. naval force attacked and captured five forts to force stalled negotiations on trade agreements and to punish natives for depredations on Americans, particularly for executing the crew of the General Sherman and burning the schooner (which in turn happened because the crew had stolen food and kidnapped a Korean official), and for later firing on other American small boats taking soundings up the Salee River. {{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1873''': Colombia (Bay of Panama): May 7 to 22, September 23 to October 9. U.S. forces protected American interests during hostilities between local groups over control of the government of the State of Panama.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1873–1896''': Mexico: United States troops crossed the Mexican border repeatedly in pursuit of cattle thieves and other brigands.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1874''': [[Honolulu Courthouse riot]]: From February 12 to 20, detachments from American vessels were landed to protect the interests of Americans living in the [[Hawaiian Kingdom]] during the coronation of King [[Kalākaua]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1876''': Mexico: On May 18, an American force was landed to police the town of [[Matamoros, Tamaulipas|Matamoros]], Mexico, temporarily while it was without other government.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1876–1877''': [[Great Sioux War]] in the Dakota Territory, Wyoming Territory, and Montana Territory: Armed conflict with the [[Lakota Sioux]] and [[Cheyenne]] peoples over possession of the [[Black Hills]], following the discovery of gold there. Despite Native American victories like the [[Battle of the Little Bighorn]], the U.S. government prevailed, forcing the tribes back onto their reservations.

'''1878''': [[Lincoln County, New Mexico]]: On July 15–19, during the [[Battle of Lincoln (1878)|Battle of Lincoln]] (part of the [[Lincoln County War]]) 150 [[United States Cavalry|cavalry]]-men arrived from [[Fort Stanton]], under the command of Lieutenant George Smith (later Colonel [[Nathan Dudley]]) to assist the Murphy-Dolan Faction in attacking the [[Lincoln County Regulators]] vigilante group. 5 dead, 8–28 wounded.{{citation needed|date=April 2014}}

===1880s===
'''1882''': [[Egyptian Expedition (1882)|Egyptian Expedition]]: July 14 to 18, American forces landed to protect American interests during the [[Anglo-Egyptian War]] and looting of the city of [[Alexandria]] by Arabs.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1885''': Colombia (Colón): January 18 and 19, U.S. forces were used to guard the valuables in transit over the Panama Railroad, and the safes and vaults of the company during revolutionary activity. In March, April, and May in the cities of Colón and Panama, the forces helped reestablish freedom of transit during revolutionary activity (see [[Burning of Colón]]).{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1888''': Korea: June, A naval force was sent ashore to protect American residents in Seoul during unsettled political conditions, when an outbreak of the populace was expected.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1888''': Haiti: December 20, A display of force persuaded the Haitian Government to give up an American steamer which had been seized on the charge of breach of blockade.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1888–1889''': [[Samoan crisis]]; [[Samoan Civil War]]; [[Second Samoan Civil War]]: November 14, 1888, to March 20, 1889, U.S. forces were landed to protect American citizens and the consulate during a native civil war.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1889''': Kingdom of Hawaii: July 30 and 31, U.S. forces at [[Honolulu]] protected the interests of Americans living in Hawaii during an American led revolution.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

===1890s===
'''1890''': [[Argentina]]: A naval party landed to protect U.S. consulate and legation in Buenos Aires.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1890''': [[Wounded Knee Massacre]]; [[Pine Ridge Indian Reservation]], [[South Dakota]]: On December 29, soldiers of the [[7th Cavalry Regiment|US Army 7th Cavalry]] killed 178 [[Lakota people|Lakota Sioux]] following an incident over a disarmament-inspection at a Lakota Sioux encampment near [[Wounded Knee Creek]]. 89 other Amerinds were injured, 150 were reported missing; Army casualties were 25 killed, 39 wounded.{{Citation needed|date=July 2008}}<!-- too rushed at the moment to find a cite. http://www.dreamscape.com/morgana/wkmiles.htm from [[Wounded knee massacre]] might work, but has differing casualty figures -->

'''1891''': [[Haiti]]: U.S. forces sought to protect American lives and property on [[Navassa Island]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1891''': [[Bering Sea Anti-Poaching Operations]]: July 2 to October 5, naval forces sought to stop seal poaching.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1891''': [[Itata Incident]]: U.S. and European naval forces intercepted and detained a shipment of arms sent to the Congressionalist forces in the [[Chilean Civil War of 1891|Chilean Civil War]].

'''1891''': Chile: August 28 to 30, U.S. forces protected the American consulate and the women and children who had taken refuge in it during a revolution in [[Valparaíso]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1892''': [[Homestead Strike]]: On July 6, striking miners attacked [[Pinkerton National Detective Agency]] agents attempting to break the strike by bringing non-union workers to the mine. 6,000 Pennsylvania state militiamen were sent to reinstate law and order. 16 dead, 27–47 wounded

'''1892''': [[Wyoming]]: [[Johnson County War]] April 11 to 13, U.S. Cavalry sent to break up a gun battle at the [[TA Ranch]].

'''1893''': [[Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom]]: January 16 to April 1, Marines landed in Hawaii, ostensibly to protect American lives and property, but were actually used as part of a coup to promote a [[Provisional Government of Hawaii|Provisional Government]] under [[Sanford B. Dole]]. This action was disavowed by President [[Grover Cleveland]], and the United States apologized in 1993.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1894''': Nicaragua: July 6 to August 7, U.S. forces sought to protect American interests at [[Bluefields]] following a revolution.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1894–1895''': China: Marines were stationed at [[Tianjin]] and penetrated to [[Beijing]] for protection purposes during the [[First Sino-Japanese War]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1894–1895''': China: A naval vessel was beached and used as a fort at Newchwang for protection of American nationals.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1894–1896''': Korea: July 24, 1894, to April 3, 1896, A guard of marines was sent to protect the American legation and American lives and interests at [[Seoul]] during and following the [[First Sino-Japanese War]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1895''': Colombia: March 8 and 9, U.S. forces protected American interests during an attack on the town of [[Bocas del Toro Province|Bocas del Toro]] by a bandit chieftain.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1896''': Nicaragua: May 2 to 4, U.S. forces protected American interests in Corinto during political unrest.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1898''': Nicaragua: February 7 and 8, U.S. forces protected American lives and property at San Juan del Sur.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1898''': '''[[Spanish–American War]]''': On April 25, 1898, the United States declared war with Spain, ostensibly aligned with Cuban rebels. The war followed a [[Ten Years' War|Cuban insurrection]], the [[Cuban War of Independence]] against Spanish rule and the sinking of {{USS|Maine|ACR-1|6}} in the harbor at Havana.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1898–1899''': Samoa: [[Second Samoan Civil War]], a conflict that reached a head in 1898 when Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States were locked in dispute over who should have control over the Samoan island chain.

'''1898–1899''': China: November 5, 1898, to March 15, 1899, U.S. forces provided a guard for the legation at Beijing and the consulate at Tianjin during contest between the Dowager Empress and her son.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1899''': Nicaragua: American and British naval forces were landed to protect national interests at San Juan del Norte, February 22 to March 5, and at Bluefields a few weeks later in connection with the insurrection of Gen. Juan P. Reyes.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1899–1913''': [[Philippine Islands]]: '''[[Philippine–American War]]''', U.S. forces protected American interests following the war with Spain, defeating Filipino revolutionaries seeking immediate national independence.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}} The U.S. government declared the insurgency officially over in 1902, when the Filipino leadership generally accepted American rule. Skirmishes between government troops and armed groups lasted until 1913, and some historians consider these unofficial extensions of the war.<ref>
{{cite book |author-link=Max Boot |last=Boot |first=Max|title=The Savage Wars of Peace: Small Wars and the Rise of American Power|publisher=Basic Books|date=April 1, 2002|isbn=0-465-00720-1 |page=125 |quote=As many as 200,000 civilians also died, victims of disease and famine and the cruelties of both sides.}}<br/>*{{cite book |author-link=Amitava Kumar |last=Kumar |first=Amitava  |title=Poetics/Politics: Radical Aesthetics for the Classroom |publisher=Palgrave |date=October 29, 1999|isbn=0-312-21866-4 |quote=In the fifteen years that followed the defeat of the Spanish in Manila Bay in 1898, more Filipinos were killed by U.S. forces than by the Spanish in 300 years of colonization. Over 1.5 million died out of a total population of 6 million.}}<br/> *{{cite book |author-link=Nell Irvin Painter |first=Nell Irvin |last=Painter |title=Standing at Armageddon: The United States, 1877–1919 |publisher=[[W. W. Norton & Company]] |date=May 1, 1989 |isbn=0-393-30588-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/standingatarmage00pain/page/154 154] |quote=Hundreds of thousands of Filipinos died in battle, of disease, or of other war-related causes. |url=https://archive.org/details/standingatarmage00pain/page/154}}<br /> *{{cite book |author=Bayor, Ronald H  |title=The Columbia Documentary History of Race and Ethnicity in America|publisher=Columbia University Press |date=June 23, 2004|isbn=0-231-11994-1 |page=335 |quote=Some seven thousand Americans and twenty thousand Filipinos were killed or wounded in the war, and hundreds of thousands of Filipinos – some estimates are as high as 1 million – died of war-related disease or famine.}}<br/>  *{{cite journal
  |author-link=Emil Guillermo |last=Guillermo |first=Emil
  |title=A first taste of empire|journal=Milwaukee Journal Sentinel |date=February 8, 2004
|pages=03J
  |quote=The Philippines: 20,000 military dead; 200,000 civilian dead. Some historians, however, put the toll higher – closer to 1 million Filipinos because of the disease and starvation that ensued.}}<br/>  *{{cite journal |author-link1=John Bellamy Foster |first1=John Bellamy |last1=Foster |first2=Robert W. |last2=McChesney |title=Kipling, the 'White Man's Burden,' and U.S. Imperialism |journal=[[Monthly Review]] |date=November 1, 2003 |volume=55 |issue=6 |page=1 |access-date=January 21, 2013 |url=http://monthlyreview.org/2003/11/01/kipling-the-white-mans-burden-and-u-s-imperialism |quote=Although a quarter of the million is the "consensual" figure of historians, estimates of Filipino deaths from the war have ranged as high as one million, which would have meant depopulation of the islands by around one-sixth. |doi=10.14452/mr-055-06-2003-10_1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117081529/http://monthlyreview.org/2003/11/01/kipling-the-white-mans-burden-and-u-s-imperialism |archive-date=January 17, 2013 |url-status=live|url-access=subscription }}
</ref>

===1900s===
'''1900''': China: From May 24 to September 28, '''[[Boxer Rebellion]]'''. American troops participated in operations to protect foreign lives during the Boxer uprising, particularly at Beijing. For many years after this experience a permanent legation guard was maintained in Beijing, and was strengthened at times as trouble threatened.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1901''': Colombia (State of Panama): From November 20 to December 4. (See: [[Separation of Panama from Colombia]]) U.S. forces protected American property on the Isthmus and kept transit lines open during serious revolutionary disturbances.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1902''': Colombia: From April 16 to 23, U.S. forces protected American lives and property at Bocas del Toro during a civil war.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1902''': Colombia (State of [[Panama]]): From September 17 to November 18, the United States placed armed guards on all trains crossing the Isthmus to keep the railroad line open, and stationed ships on both sides of Panama to prevent the landing of Colombian troops.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1903''': [[Honduras]]: From March 23 to 30 or 31, U.S. forces protected the American consulate and the steamship wharf at [[Puerto Cortes]] during a period of revolutionary activity.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1903''': Dominican Republic: From March 30 to April 21, a detachment of marines was landed to protect American interests in the city of Santo Domingo during a revolutionary outbreak.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1903''': [[Syria]]: From September 7 to 12, U.S. forces protected the American consulate in Beirut when a local Muslim uprising was feared.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1903–1904''': [[Ethiopian Empire|Abyssinia]] ([[Ethiopia]]): Twenty-five Marines were sent to Abyssinia to protect the U.S. Consul General while he negotiated a treaty.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1903–1914''': Panama: U.S. forces sought to protect American interests and lives during and following the revolution for independence from Colombia over construction of the Isthmian Canal. With brief intermissions, United States Marines were stationed on the Isthmus from November 4, 1903, to January 21, 1914, to guard American interests.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1904''': Dominican Republic: From January 2 to February 11, American and British naval forces established an area in which no fighting would be allowed and protected American interests in [[Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic|Puerto Plata]], [[Sosúa|Sosua]], and [[Santo Domingo]] during revolutionary fighting.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1904''': Tangier, Morocco: "We want either Perdicaris alive or [[Mulai Ahmed er Raisuni|Raisuli]] dead." During the [[Perdicaris affair]], a squadron demonstrated to force release of a kidnapped American. Marines were landed to protect the consul general.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1904''': Panama: From November 17 to 24, U.S. forces protected American lives and property at [[Ancón, Panama|Ancon]] at the time of a threatened insurrection.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1904–1905''': Korea: From January 5, 1904, to November 11, 1905, a guard of Marines was sent to protect the American legation in Seoul during the [[Russo-Japanese War]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1906–1909''': Cuba: From September 1906 to January 23, 1909, U.S. forces sought to protect interests and re-establish a government after revolutionary activity.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1907''': Honduras: From March 18 to June 8, to protect American interests during a war between Honduras and Nicaragua, troops were stationed in Trujillo, Ceiba, Puerto Cortes, San Pedro Sula, Laguna and Choloma.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

===1910s===
'''1910''': Nicaragua: From May 19 to September 4, [[Occupation of Nicaragua]]. U.S. forces protected American interests at Bluefields.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1911''': Honduras: On January 26, American naval detachments were landed to protect American lives and interests during a civil war in Honduras.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1911''': China: As the [[Tongmenghui]]-led [[Xinhai Revolution]] approached, in October an ensign and 10 men tried to enter Wuchang to rescue missionaries but retired on being warned away, and a small landing force guarded American private property and consulate at Hankou. Marines were deployed in November to guard the cable stations at Shanghai; [[landing forces]] were sent for protection in Nanjing, Zhenjiang, Taku and elsewhere.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1912''': Honduras: A small force landed to prevent seizure by the government of an American-owned railroad at Puerto Cortes. The forces were withdrawn after the United States disapproved the action.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1912''': Panama: Troops, on request of both political parties, supervised elections outside the [[Panama Canal Zone]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1912''': [[Cuba]]: From June 5 to August 5, U.S. forces protected American interests in [[Oriente Province]] and in [[Havana]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1912''': China: August 24–26, on Kentucky Island (now known as Danzi Dao<ref>{{cite map |author = GEOnet Names Server |title = Geographic Names Search |publisher = [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]] |date = 2016-07-22 |url = https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GeographicNamesSearch/ |at = Unique Feature Identifier -1902080 |access-date = 2024-10-06 }}</ref>), and August 26–30 at Camp Nicholson. U.S. forces protected Americans and American interests during the [[Xinhai Revolution]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1912''': Turkey: From November 18 to December 3, U.S. forces guarded the American legation at Constantinople during the [[First Balkan War]]{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1912–1925''': Nicaragua: From August to November 1912, U.S. forces protected American interests during an attempted revolution. A small force, serving as a legation guard and seeking to promote peace and stability, remained until August 5, 1925.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1912–1941''': [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]]: The disorders which began with the overthrow of the dynasty during Kuomintang rebellion in 1912, which were redirected by the invasion of China by Japan, led to demonstrations and landing parties for the protection of U.S. interests in China continuously and at many points from 1912 on to 1941. The guard at Beijing and along the route to the sea was maintained until 1941. In 1927, the United States had 5,670 troops ashore in China and 44 naval vessels in its waters. In 1933 the United States had 3,027 armed men ashore. The protective action was generally based on treaties with China concluded from 1858 to 1901.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1913''': Mexico: From September 5 to 7, a few marines landed at Ciaris Estero to aid in evacuating American citizens and others from the [[Yaqui River|Yaqui Valley]], made dangerous for foreigners by the [[Mexican Revolution]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1914''': Haiti: January 29 to February 9, February 20 and 21, October 19. Intermittently, U.S. naval forces protected American nationals in a time of rioting and revolution.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}} The specific order from Secretary of the Navy [[Josephus Daniels|Josephus P. Daniels]] to the invasion commander, Admiral William Deville Bundy, was to "protect American and foreign" interests.{{citation needed|date=January 2008}}

'''1914''': Dominican Republic: In June and July, during the [[Dominican Civil War (1914)]], United States naval forces by gunfire stopped the bombardment of [[Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic|Puerto Plata]], and by threat of force maintained [[Santo Domingo]] as a neutral zone.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1914–1917''': Mexico: [[Tampico Affair]] led to [[United States occupation of Veracruz|Occupation of Veracruz, Mexico]].  Undeclared Mexican–American hostilities followed the Tampico Affair and Villa's raids ''. Also [[Pancho Villa Expedition]]'' – an abortive military operation conducted by the United States Army against the military forces of Francisco "Pancho" Villa from 1916 to 1917 and included capture of [[Veracruz, Veracruz|Veracruz]]. On March 19, 1915, on orders from President Woodrow Wilson, and with tacit consent by [[Venustiano Carranza]]. General [[John J. Pershing]] led an invasion force of 10,000 men into Mexico to capture Villa.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1915–1934''': Haiti: From July 28, 1915, to August 15, 1934, [[United States occupation of Haiti]]. U.S. forces maintained order during a period of chronic political instability.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}} During the initial entrance into Haiti, the specific order from the Secretary of the Navy to the invasion commander, Admiral William Deville Bundy, was to "protect American and foreign" interests.{{Citation needed|date=January 2008}}

'''1916''': China: American forces landed to quell a riot taking place on American property in Nanjing.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1916–1924''': Dominican Republic: From May 1916 to September 1924, [[United States occupation of the Dominican Republic (1916–24)|Occupation of the Dominican Republic]]. American naval forces maintained order during a period of chronic and threatened insurrection.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1917''': China: American troops were landed at [[Chongqing]] to protect American lives during a political crisis.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1917–1918''': '''[[World War I]]''': On April 6, 1917, the [[United States declaration of war on Germany (1917)|United States declared war against Germany]] and on December 7, 1917, [[United States declaration of war on Austria-Hungary|against Austria-Hungary]]. Entrance of the United States into the war was precipitated by [[Unrestricted submarine warfare (February 1917)#Unrestricted submarine warfare resumed in February 1917|Germany's submarine warfare against neutral shipping]] and the [[Zimmermann Telegram]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1917–1922''': Cuba: U.S. forces protected American interests during insurrection and subsequent unsettled conditions. Most of the United States armed forces left Cuba by August 1919, but two companies remained at [[Camagüey|Camaguey]] until February 1922.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1918–1919''': Mexico: After withdrawal of the Pershing expedition, U.S. troops entered Mexico in pursuit of bandits at least three times in 1918 and six times in 1919. In August 1918, American and Mexican troops fought at [[Nogales, Sonora|Nogales]], [[Battle of Ambos Nogales]]. The incident began when German spies plotted an attack with the [[Mexican Army]] on [[Nogales, Arizona]]. The fighting began when a Mexican officer shot and killed a U.S. soldier on American soil. A full-scale battle then ensued, ending with a Mexican surrender.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1918–1920''': Panama: U.S. forces were used for police duty according to treaty stipulations, at [[Chiriquí Province|Chiriqui]], during election disturbances and subsequent unrest.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1918–1920''': [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]]: Marines were landed at and near [[Vladivostok]] in June and July to protect the American consulate and other points in the fighting between the [[Red Army]] and the [[Czechoslovak Legion|Czech Legion]] which had traversed Siberia from the western front. A joint proclamation of emergency government and neutrality was issued by the American, Japanese, British, French, and Czech commanders in July. In August 7,000 men were landed in Vladivostok and remained until January 1920, as part of an allied occupation force. In September 1918, 5,000 American troops joined the allied intervention force at the city of [[Arkhangelsk]] and remained until June 1919. These operations were in response to the Bolshevik revolution in Russia and were partly supported by Czarist or Kerensky elements. {{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}} ''For details, see the [[American Expeditionary Force Siberia]] and the [[American Expeditionary Force North Russia]].''

'''1919''': Dalmatia (Croatia): U.S. forces were landed at [[Trogir|Trau]] at the request of Italian authorities to police order between the Italians and [[Serbs]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1919''': Turkey: Marines from [[USS Arizona (BB-39)|USS ''Arizona'']] were landed to guard the U.S. Consulate during the Greek occupation of [[Constantinople]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1919''': Honduras: From September 8 to 12, a landing force was sent ashore to maintain order in a neutral zone during an attempted revolution.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

===1920s===
'''1920''': China: On March 14, a landing force was sent ashore for a few hours to protect lives during a disturbance at [[Jiujiang]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1920''': Guatemala: From April 9 to 27, U.S. forces protected the American Legation and other American interests, such as the cable station, during a period of fighting between Unionists and the Government of Guatemala.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1920–1922''': Russia (Siberia): From February 16, 1920, to November 19, 1922, a Marine guard was sent to protect the United States radio station and property on [[Russky Island|Russian Island]], Bay of Vladivostok.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1921''': Panama and Costa Rica: American naval squadrons demonstrated in April on both sides of the Isthmus to prevent war between the two countries over a boundary dispute.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1922''': Turkey: In September and October, a landing force was sent ashore with consent of both Greek and Turkish authorities, to protect American lives and property when the [[Turkish National Movement|Turkish nationalists]] [[Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)|entered İzmir]] ([[Smyrna]]).{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1922–1923''': China: From April 1922 to November 1923, Marines were landed five times to protect Americans during periods of unrest.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1924''': Honduras: From February 28 to March 31, and from September 10 to 15, U.S. forces protected American lives and interests during election hostilities.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1924''': China: In September, Marines were landed to protect Americans and other foreigners in Shanghai during Chinese factional hostilities.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1925''': China: From January 15 to August 29, fighting of Chinese factions accompanied by riots and demonstrations in Shanghai brought the landing of American forces to protect lives and property in the [[Shanghai International Settlement|International Settlement]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1925''': Honduras: From April 19 to 21, U.S. forces protected foreigners at [[La Ceiba]] during a political upheaval.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1925''': Panama: From October 12 to 23, strikes and rent riots led to the landing of about 600 American troops to keep order and protect American interests.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1926–1933''': Nicaragua: From May 7 to June 5, 1926, and August 27, 1926, to January 3, 1933, the coup d'état of General [[Emiliano Chamorro Vargas]] aroused revolutionary activities leading to the landing of American marines to protect the interests of the United States. United States forces came and went intermittently until January 3, 1933.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1926''': China: In August and September, the Nationalist attack on [[Hankou]] brought the landing of American naval forces to protect American citizens. A small guard was maintained at the consulate general even after September 16, when the rest of the forces were withdrawn. Likewise, when Kuomintang forces captured [[Jiujiang]], naval forces were landed for the protection of foreigners November 4 to 6.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1927''': China: In February, fighting at Shanghai caused presence American naval forces and marines to be increased. In March, a naval guard was stationed at American consulate at Nanjing after [[Nanking incident of 1927|Nationalist forces captured the city]]. American and British destroyers later used shell fire to protect Americans and other foreigners. Subsequently, additional forces of Marines and naval forces were stationed in the vicinity of Shanghai and Tianjin.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

===1930s===

'''1932''': United States: "[[Bonus Army]]" of 17,000 WWI veterans plus 20,000 family cleared from Washington and then [[Anacostia]] flats "[[Hooverville]]" by [[3rd Cavalry Regiment (United States)|3rd Cavalry]] and [[12th Infantry Regiment (United States)|12th Infantry Regiments]] under Gen. [[Douglas MacArthur]] and Major [[Dwight D. Eisenhower|Dwight D Eisenhower]], July 28.

'''1933''': Cuba: During a revolution against President [[Gerardo Machado]] naval forces demonstrated but no landing was made.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1934''': China: Marines landed at [[Fuzhou]] to protect the American Consulate.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1937''': China: American forces were landed to protect American interests during the Japanese occupation of Shanghai.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

===1940–1944===
'''1940''': [[Dominion of Newfoundland|Newfoundland]], [[Bermuda]], [[Saint Lucia|St. Lucia]], – [[The Bahamas|Bahamas]], [[Colony of Jamaica|Jamaica]], [[Antigua]], [[Trinidad]], and [[British Guiana]]: Troops were sent to guard air and naval bases obtained under lease by negotiation with the United Kingdom. These were sometimes called lend-lease bases but were under the [[destroyers-for-bases deal]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1941''': [[Greenland]]: Greenland was taken under protection of the United States in April.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1941''': Netherlands (Dutch Guiana): In November, the President ordered American troops to occupy Dutch Guiana, but by agreement with the Netherlands government in exile, Brazil cooperated to protect aluminum ore supply from the bauxite mines in Suriname.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1941''': Iceland: [[Iceland in World War II|Iceland was taken under the protection of the United States]], without consent of its government replacing British troops, for strategic reasons.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1941''': Germany: Sometime in the spring, the President ordered the Navy to patrol ship lanes to Europe. By July, U.S. warships were convoying and by September were attacking German submarines. In November, in response to the October 31, 1941, sinking of {{USS|Reuben James|DD-245|6}}, the Neutrality Act was partly repealed to protect U.S. military aid to Britain. {{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1941–1945''': '''[[World War II]]''': On December 8, 1941, the [[United States declaration of war on Japan|United States declared war against Japan]] in response to the [[attack on Pearl Harbor]]. On December 11, [[German declaration of war against the United States|Nazi Germany]] and [[Italian declaration of war on the United States|Fascist Italy]] declared war against the United States.<ref>[[German declaration of war against the United States]] ''Wikipedia''</ref>

===1945–1949===
'''1945''': China: In October 50,000 U.S. Marines were sent to North China to assist Chinese Nationalist authorities in disarming and repatriating the Japanese in China and in controlling ports, railroads, and airfields. This was in addition to approximately 60,000 U.S. forces remaining in China at the end of World War II.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1945–1949''': [[Allied-occupied Germany|Occupation of part of Germany]].

'''1945–1955''': [[Allied-occupied Austria|Occupation of part of Austria]].

'''1945–1952''': [[Occupation of Japan]].

'''1944–1946''': Temporary reoccupation of the [[Philippines]] during World War II and in preparation for previously scheduled independence.{{Citation needed|date=February 2009}}

'''1945–1947''': [[United States Marine Corps|U.S. Marines]] garrisoned in mainland China to oversee the removal of Japanese forces after World War II.<ref name="VicOcc">
{{cite web
  | last =Frank
  | first =Benis M.
  | title =History of U.S. Marine Corps Operations in World War II, Volume V: Victory and Occupation
  | publisher =Historical Branch, G-3 Division, Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps
  | year =1968
  | url =http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USMC/V/index.html
  | access-date =March 18, 2009
| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20100410121515/http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USMC/V/index.html
  | archive-date =April 10, 2010
| url-status =live
  | df =mdy-all
  }}
</ref>

'''1945–1949''': Post-World War II occupation of [[South Korea]]; North Korean [[Korean War#Korea divided (1945–1949)|insurgency]] in Republic of Korea<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=isEXyqHjEDEC&q=south+korea+insurgency+1948&pg=PA150 |title=MacArthur: A Biography |isbn=9780230610767 |via=Google Books |access-date=November 17, 2015|last1=Frank |first1=Richard B. |date=July 10, 2007|publisher=St. Martin's Publishing }}</ref>

'''1946''': [[Trieste]], (Italy): President Truman ordered the increase of U.S. troops along the zonal occupation line and the reinforcement of air forces in [[northern Italy]] after the [[Yugoslav People's Army]] shot down an unarmed U.S. Army transport plane flying over [[Venezia Giulia]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2007}} Earlier U.S. naval units had been sent to the scene.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}} Later the [[Free Territory of Trieste]], Zone A.

'''1948''': [[Jerusalem]] ([[Mandatory Palestine|British Mandate]]): A Marine consular guard was sent to Jerusalem to protect the U.S. Consul General.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1948''': Berlin: [[Berlin Airlift]] After the Soviet Union established a land blockade of the [[West Berlin|U.S., British, and French sectors of Berlin]] on June 24, 1948, the United States and its allies airlifted supplies to Berlin until after the blockade was lifted in May 1949.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1948–1949''': China: Marines were dispatched to [[Nanjing]] to protect the American Embassy when the city fell to [[Communist Party of China|Communist]] troops, and to Shanghai to aid in the protection and evacuation of Americans.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

===1950s===
[[File:American empire4.png|right|thumb|Map of military operations since 1950]]
'''1950–1953''': '''[[Korean War]]''': The United States responded to the North Korean invasion of [[South Korea]] by going to its assistance, pursuant to United Nations Security Council resolutions. U.S. forces deployed in Korea exceeded 300,000 during the last year of the active conflict (1953). Over 36,600 U.S. military were killed in action.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1950–1955''': Formosa (Taiwan): In June 1950, at the beginning of the Korean War, President Truman ordered the [[United States Seventh Fleet|U.S. Seventh Fleet]] to prevent [[People's Liberation Army]] attacks upon Formosa and [[Republic of China Armed Forces]] operations against mainland China.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1950''': Puerto Rico (United States colonial territory): The [[United States National Guard]] used [[Republic P-47 Thunderbolt|P-47 Thunderbolt]] attack aircraft, land-based artillery, mortar fire, and grenades to counterattack Puerto Rican freedom fighters, Nationalists and independence rebels looking to end U.S. colonial rule during the [[Jayuya Uprising|Jayuya uprising]].

'''1950''': After their defeat in the [[Chinese Civil War]], parts of the [[Kuomintang in Burma|Nationalist army]] retreated south and crossed the border into Burma.<ref name=":Han">{{Cite book |last=Han |first=Enze |title=The Ripple Effect: China's Complex Presence in Southeast Asia |date=2024 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-769659-0 |location=New York, NY}}</ref>{{Rp|page=65}} The United States supported these Nationalist forces because the United States hoped they would harass the People's Republic of China from the [[Southwestern China|southwest]], thereby diverting Chinese resources from the [[Korean War]].<ref name=":Han" />{{Rp|page=65}} The Burmese government protested and international pressure increased.<ref name=":Han" />{{Rp|page=65}} Beginning in 1953, several rounds of withdrawals of the Nationalist forces and their families were carried out.<ref name=":Han" />{{Rp|page=65}} In [[1960–61 campaign at the China–Burma border|1960, joint military action]] by China and Burma expelled the remaining Nationalist forces from Burma, although [[Kuomintang Chinese in Thailand|some went on to settle]] in the [[Myanmar–Thailand border|Burma-Thailand borderlands]].<ref name=":Han" />{{Rp|pages=65–66}}

'''1954–1955''': China: [[First Taiwan Strait Crisis]], Naval units evacuated U.S. civilians and military personnel from the [[Dachen Islands|Tachen Islands]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1955–1964''': Vietnam: First military advisors sent to Vietnam on February 12, 1955. By 1964, U.S. troop levels had grown to 21,000. On August 7, 1964, U.S. Congress approved Gulf of Tonkin resolution affirming "All necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States. . .to prevent further aggression. . . (and) assist any member or protocol state of the Southeast Asian Collective Defense Treaty ([[Southeast Asia Treaty Organization|SEATO]]) requesting assistance. . ."{{ref label|Vietnam timeline|Vietnam timeline|Vietnam timeline}}

'''1956''': Egypt: A marine battalion evacuated U.S. nationals and other persons from [[Alexandria]] during the [[Suez Crisis]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1958''': Lebanon: [[1958 Lebanon crisis]], Marines were landed in [[Lebanon]] at the invitation of President [[Camille Chamoun]] to help protect against threatened insurrection supported from the outside. The President's action was supported by a congressional resolution passed in 1957 that authorized such actions in that area of the world.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1959–1960''': The Caribbean: Second Marine Ground Task Force was deployed to protect U.S. nationals following the [[Cuban Revolution]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1955–1975''': '''[[Vietnam War]]''': U.S. military advisers had been in [[South Vietnam]] for a decade, and their numbers had been increased as the military position of the Saigon government became weaker. After citing what he falsely termed were [[Vietnam People's Navy]] attacks on U.S. destroyers, in what came to be known as the [[Gulf of Tonkin incident]], President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] asked in August 1964 for a resolution expressing U.S. determination to support "freedom and protect peace in Southeast Asia." Congress responded with the [[Gulf of Tonkin Resolution]], giving President Johnson authorization, without a formal declaration of war by Congress, for the use of conventional military force in Southeast Asia. Following this resolution, and following a communist attack on a U.S. installation in central Vietnam, the United States escalated its participation in the war to a peak of 543,000 military personnel by April 1969.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

===1960s===

'''1962''': Thailand: The [[III Marine Expeditionary Force|Third Marine Expeditionary Unit]] landed on May 17, 1962, to support that country during the threat of Communist pressure from outside; by July 30, the 5,000 marines had been withdrawn.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1962''': Cuba: [[Cuban Missile Crisis]], On October 22, President Kennedy instituted a "quarantine" on the shipment of offensive missiles to Cuba from the Soviet Union. He also warned Soviet Union that the launching of any missile from Cuba against nations in the Western Hemisphere would bring about U.S. nuclear retaliation on the Soviet Union. A negotiated settlement was achieved in a few days.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1962–1975''': Laos: From October 1962 until 1975, the United States played an important role in military support of anti-Communist forces in Laos.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}} Meanwhile, the United States was fighting a covert military operation using CIA paramilitary forces, known as [[Laotian Civil War|The Secret War]].

'''1964''': Congo (Zaire): The United States sent four transport planes to provide airlift for Congolese troops during a rebellion and to transport Belgian paratroopers to rescue foreigners.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1965''': Invasion of Dominican Republic: [[Operation Power Pack]], The United States intervened to protect lives and property during a Dominican revolt and sent 20,000 U.S. troops as fears grew that the revolutionary forces were coming increasingly under Communist control.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}} A popular rebellion broke out, promising to reinstall [[Juan Bosch (politician)|Juan Bosch]] as the country's elected leader. The revolution was crushed when U.S. Marines landed to uphold the military regime by force.

'''1967''': Israel: The [[USS Liberty incident|USS ''Liberty'' incident]], whereupon a United States Navy Technical Research Ship was attacked June 8, 1967, by the [[Israel Defense Forces]], killing 34 and wounding more than 170 U.S. crew members.

'''1967''': Congo (Zaire): The United States sent three military transport aircraft with crews to provide the Congo central government with logistical support during a revolt.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1968''': Laos & Cambodia: U.S. starts secret bombing campaign against targets along the [[Ho Chi Minh trail]] in the sovereign nations of [[Cambodia]] and [[Laos]].  The bombings last at least two years. (See [[Operation Commando Hunt]])

===1970s===
'''1970''': [[Cambodian campaign]]: U.S. troops were ordered into Cambodia to clean out Communist sanctuaries from which [[Viet Cong]] and [[North Vietnam]] attacked U.S. and South Vietnamese forces in Vietnam. The object of this attack, which lasted from April 30 to June 30, was to ensure the continuing safe withdrawal of American forces from South Vietnam and to assist the program of [[Vietnamization]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1972''': North Vietnam: Christmas bombing [[Operation Linebacker II]] (not mentioned in RL30172, but an operation leading to peace negotiations). The operation was conducted from December 18–29, 1972.  It was a bombing of the cities [[Hanoi]] and [[Haiphong]] by [[Boeing B-52 Stratofortress|B-52]] bombers.

'''1973''': [[Operation Nickel Grass]], a [[strategic airlift]] operation conducted by the United States to deliver weapons and supplies to Israel during the [[Yom Kippur War]].

'''1974''': Evacuation from Cyprus: United States naval forces evacuated U.S. civilians during the [[Turkish invasion of Cyprus]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1975''': Evacuation from Vietnam: [[Operation Frequent Wind]], On April 3, 1975, President [[Gerald Ford]] reported U.S. naval vessels, helicopters, and Marines had been sent to assist in evacuation of refugees and US nationals from Vietnam.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1975''': Evacuation from Cambodia: [[Operation Eagle Pull]], On April 12, 1975, President Ford reported that he had ordered U.S. military forces to proceed with the planned evacuation of the U.S. citizens from Cambodia.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1975''': South Vietnam: On April 30, 1975, President Ford reported that a force of 70 evacuation helicopters and 865 Marines had evacuated about 1,400 U.S. citizens and 5,500 third country nationals and South Vietnamese from landing zones in and around the [[U.S. Embassy, Saigon]] and [[Tan Son Nhut Airport]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1975''': Cambodia: [[Mayaguez incident|''Mayaguez'' incident]], On May 15, 1975, President Ford reported he had ordered military forces to retake {{SS|Mayaguez}}, a merchant vessel which was seized from [[Kampuchean Revolutionary Army]] naval patrol boats in international waters and forced to proceed to a nearby island.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1976''': Lebanon: On July 22 and 23, 1976, helicopters from five U.S. naval vessels evacuated approximately 250 Americans and Europeans from Lebanon during fighting between Lebanese factions after an overland convoy evacuation had been blocked by hostilities.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1976''': Korea: Additional forces were sent to Korea after [[Axe murder incident|two American soldiers were killed]] by North Korean soldiers in the [[Korean Demilitarized Zone]] while cutting down a tree.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1978''': [[Zaire]] (Congo): From May 19 through June, the United States used military transport aircraft to provide logistical support to Belgian and French rescue operations in Zaïre.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

===1980s===
'''1980''': Iran: [[Operation Eagle Claw]], on April 26, 1980, President Carter reported the use of six U.S. transport planes and eight helicopters in an unsuccessful attempt to rescue the [[Iran hostage crisis|American hostages]] in Iran.

'''1980''': U.S. Army and Air Force units arrive in the [[Sinai Peninsula|Sinai]] in September as part of "[[Operation Bright Star]]". They are there to train with the [[Egyptian Armed Forces]] as part of the Camp David peace accords signed in 1979. Elements of the [[101st Airborne Division]], ([[1st Battalion, 502nd Infantry Regiment|1st Battalion, 502nd Infantry]]) and Air Force MAC (Military Airlift Command) units are in theater for four months & are the first U.S. military forces in the region since World War II.

'''1981''': El Salvador: After a guerrilla offensive against the government of El Salvador, additional U.S. military advisers were sent to El Salvador, bringing the total to approximately 55, to assist in training government forces in counterinsurgency.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1981''': Libya: [[Gulf of Sidra incident (1981)|First Gulf of Sidra incident]], on August 19, 1981, U.S. planes based on the carrier [[USS Nimitz|USS ''Nimitz'']] shot down two Libyan jets over the Gulf of Sidra after one of the Libyan jets had fired a heat-seeking missile. The United States periodically held freedom of navigation exercises in the Gulf of Sidra, claimed by Libya as territorial waters but considered international waters by the United States.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1982''': Sinai: On March 19, 1982, President Reagan reported the deployment of military personnel and equipment to participate in the [[Multinational Force and Observers]] in the [[Sinai Peninsula]]. Participation had been authorized by the Multinational Force and Observers Resolution, Public Law 97-132.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1982''': Lebanon: [[Multinational Force in Lebanon]], on August 21, 1982, President Reagan reported the dispatch of 800 Marines to serve in the multinational force to assist in the withdrawal of members of the Palestine Liberation force from Beirut. The Marines left September 20, 1982.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1982–1983''': Lebanon: On September 29, 1982, President Reagan reported the deployment of 1200 marines to serve in a temporary multinational force to facilitate the restoration of Lebanese government sovereignty. On September 29, 1983, Congress passed the Multinational Force in Lebanon Resolution (P.L. 98-119) authorizing the continued participation for eighteen months.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1983''': Egypt: After a Libyan plane bombed a city in Sudan on March 18, 1983, and Sudan and Egypt appealed for assistance, the United States dispatched an [[Airborne Early Warning and Control|AWACS]] electronic surveillance plane to Egypt.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1983''': Grenada: [[Operation Urgent Fury]], citing the increased threat of Soviet and Cuban influence and noting the development of an international airport following a coup d'état and alignment with the Soviet Union and Cuba, the U.S. invades the island nation of Grenada.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1983–1989''': Honduras: In July 1983, the United States undertook a series of exercises in Honduras that some believed might lead to conflict with Nicaragua. On March 25, 1986, unarmed U.S. military helicopters and crewmen ferried Honduran troops to the Nicaraguan border to repel Nicaraguan troops.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1983''': Chad: On August 8, 1983, President Reagan reported the deployment of two AWACS electronic surveillance planes and eight F-15 fighter planes and ground logistical support forces to assist Chad against Libyan and rebel forces.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1984''': Persian Gulf: On June 5, 1984, Saudi Arabian jet fighter planes, aided by intelligence from a U.S. AWACS electronic surveillance aircraft and fueled by a U.S. KC-10 tanker, shot down two Iranian fighter planes over an area of the Persian Gulf proclaimed as a protected zone for shipping.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1985''': Italy: On October 10, 1985, U.S. Navy pilots intercepted an Egyptian airliner and forced it to land in Sicily. The airliner was carrying the hijackers of the Italian cruise ship [[MS Achille Lauro|Achille Lauro]] who had killed an American citizen during the hijacking.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1986''': Libya: [[Action in the Gulf of Sidra (1986)]], on March 26, 1986, President Reagan reported on March 24 and 25, U.S. forces, while engaged in freedom of navigation exercises around the [[Gulf of Sidra]], had been attacked by Libyan missiles and the United States had responded with missiles.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1986''': Libya: [[Operation El Dorado Canyon]], on April 16, 1986, President Reagan reported that U.S. air and naval forces had conducted bombing strikes on terrorist facilities and military installations in the Libyan capitol of Tripoli, claiming that Libyan leader Col. [[Muammar Gaddafi]] was responsible for a bomb attack at a German disco that killed two U.S. soldiers.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1987''': Persian Gulf: {{USS|Stark|FFG-31|6}} was struck on May 17 by two Exocet antiship missiles fired from a [[Dassault Mirage F1]] of the [[Iraqi Air Force]] during the Iran–Iraq War, killing 37 U.S. Navy sailors.

'''1987''': Persian Gulf: [[Operation Nimble Archer]]. Attacks on two Iranian oil platforms in the Persian Gulf by United States Navy forces on October 19.  The attack was a response to Iran's October 16, 1987, attack on the [[MV Sea Isle City|MV ''Sea Isle City'']], a reflagged Kuwaiti oil tanker at anchor off [[Kuwait]], with a Silkworm missile.

'''1987–1988''': Persian Gulf: [[Operation Earnest Will]]. After the [[Iran–Iraq War]] (the Tanker War phase) resulted in several military incidents in the Persian Gulf, the United States increased U.S. joint military forces operations in the Persian Gulf and adopted a policy of reflagging and escorting Kuwaiti oil tankers through the Persian Gulf to protect them from Iraqi and Iranian attacks. President Reagan reported that U.S. ships had been fired upon or struck mines or taken other military action on September 21 ([[Iran Ajr]]), October 8, and October 19, 1987, and April 18 ([[Operation Praying Mantis]]), July 3, and July 14, 1988. The United States gradually reduced its forces after a cease-fire between Iran and Iraq on August 20, 1988.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}} It was the largest naval convoy operation since World War II.<ref>
{{Citation
|url=http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=32354
|title=COMNAVSURFOR Hosts Medal of Honor Ceremony
|date=October 4, 2007
|publisher=United States Navy
|access-date=January 10, 2008
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208050259/http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=32354
|archive-date=December 8, 2008
|url-status=dead
}}
</ref>

'''1987–1988''': Persian Gulf: [[Operation Prime Chance]] was a [[United States Special Operations Command]] operation intended to protect U.S.-flagged oil tankers from Iranian attack during the Iran–Iraq War. The operation took place roughly at the same time as Operation Earnest Will.

'''1988''': Persian Gulf: [[Operation Praying Mantis]] was the April 18, 1988, action waged by U.S. naval forces in retaliation for the Iranian mining of the Persian Gulf and the subsequent damage to an American warship.

'''1988''': Honduras: [[Operation Golden Pheasant]] was an emergency deployment of U.S. troops to Honduras in 1988, as a result of threatening actions by the forces of the (then socialist) Nicaraguans.

'''1988''': {{USS|Vincennes|CG-49|6}} shoot-down of [[Iran Air Flight 655]].

'''1988''': Panama: In mid-March and April 1988, during a period of instability in Panama and as the United States increased pressure on Panamanian head of state General [[Manuel Noriega]] to resign, the United States sent 1,000 troops to Panama, to "further safeguard the canal, U.S. lives, property and interests in the area." The forces supplemented 10,000 U.S. military personnel already in the Panama Canal Zone.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1989''': Libya: [[Gulf of Sidra incident (1989)|Second Gulf of Sidra incident]]. On January 4, 1989, two U.S. Navy F-14 aircraft based on USS ''John F. Kennedy'' shot down two Libyan jet fighters over the Mediterranean Sea about 70 miles north of Libya. The U.S. pilots said the Libyan planes had demonstrated hostile intentions.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1989''': Panama: On May 11, 1989, in response to General Noriega's disregard of the results of the Panamanian election, President Bush ordered a brigade-sized force of approximately 1,900 troops to augment the estimated 1,000 U.S. forces already in the area.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1989''': Colombia, Bolivia, and Peru: Andean Initiative in War on Drugs, On September 15, 1989, President Bush announced that military and law enforcement assistance would be sent to help the Andean nations of Colombia, Bolivia, and Peru combat illicit drug producers and traffickers. By mid-September there were 50–100 U.S. military advisers in Colombia in connection with transport and training in the use of military equipment, plus seven Special Forces teams of 2–12 persons to train troops in the three countries.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1989''': Philippines: [[Operation Classic Resolve]], On December 2, 1989, President Bush reported that on December 1, Air Force fighters from [[Clark Air Base]] in [[Luzon]] had assisted the Aquino government to repel [[1989 Philippine coup attempt|a coup attempt]]. In addition, 100 marines were sent from [[U.S. Naval Base Subic Bay]] to protect the [[United States Embassy in Manila]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1989–1990''': Panama: [[United States invasion of Panama]] and [[Operation Just Cause]], On December 21, 1989, President Bush reported that he had ordered U.S. military forces to Panama to protect the lives of American citizens and bring General Noriega to justice. By February 13, 1990, all the invasion forces had been withdrawn.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}} Around 200 Panamanian civilians were reported killed. The Panamanian head of state, General Manuel Noriega, was captured and brought to the U.S.

===1990s===
'''1990''': Liberia: On August 6, 1990, President Bush reported that a reinforced rifle company had been sent to provide additional security to the U.S. Embassy in Monrovia, and that helicopter teams had evacuated U.S. citizens from Liberia.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1990''': Saudi Arabia: On August 9, 1990, President Bush reported that he launched [[Operation Desert Shield]] by ordering the forward deployment of substantial elements of the U.S. armed forces into the Persian Gulf region to help defend Saudi Arabia after the August 2 [[invasion of Kuwait]] by Iraq. On November 16, 1990, he reported the continued buildup of the forces to ensure an adequate offensive military option.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}American hostages being held in Iran.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1991:''' Iraq: [[Operation Desert Storm]], The Allied air to land offensive from January 17, 1991, to April 11, 1991<ref name="history.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.history.com/topics/persian-gulf-war|title=Persian Gulf War - Facts & Summary |website=HISTORY.com|access-date=December 8, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209044241/http://www.history.com/topics/persian-gulf-war|archive-date=December 9, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

'''1991:''' Iraq: [[Operation Desert Sabre]], The Allied ground offensive from Feb 24 to 27, 1991<ref name="history.com"/>

'''1991–1996''': Iraq: [[Operation Provide Comfort]], Delivery of humanitarian relief and military protection for [[Kurds in Iraq|Kurds]] fleeing their homes in [[Iraqi Kurdistan|northern Iraq]] during the [[1991 Iraqi uprisings|1991 uprising]], by a small Allied ground force based in Turkey which began in April 1991.

'''1991''': Iraq: On May 17, 1991, President Bush stated that the Iraqi repression of the Kurdish people had necessitated a limited introduction of U.S. forces into northern Iraq for emergency relief purposes.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1991''': Zaire: On September 25–27, 1991, after widespread looting and rioting broke out in [[Kinshasa]], Air Force C-141s transported 100 Belgian troops and equipment into Kinshasa. American planes also carried 300 French troops into the [[Central African Republic]] and hauled evacuated American citizens.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1992''': Sierra Leone: [[Operation Silver Anvil]], Following the April 29 coup that overthrew President [[Joseph Saidu Momoh]], a [[United States European Command]] (USEUCOM) [[Joint Special Operations Command|Joint Special Operations Task Force]] evacuated 438 people (including 42 Third Country nationals) on May 3. Two [[Air Mobility Command]] (AMC) [[C-141 Starlifter|C-141s]] flew 136 people from [[Freetown]], Sierra Leone, to the [[Rhein-Main Air Base]] in Germany and nine [[C-130 Hercules|C-130]] sorties carried another 302 people to [[Dakar]], Senegal.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1992–1996''': Bosnia and Herzegovina: [[Operation Provide Promise]] was a humanitarian relief operation in [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] during the [[Yugoslav Wars]], from July 2, 1992, to January 9, 1996, which made it the longest running humanitarian airlift in history.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/provide_promise.htm |title=Operation Provide Promise |first=John |last=Pike |publisher=GlobalSecurity.org |access-date=October 1, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006124928/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/provide_promise.htm|archive-date=October 6, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

'''1992''': Kuwait: On August 3, 1992, the United States began a series of military exercises in Kuwait, following Iraqi refusal to recognize a new border drawn up by the United Nations and refusal to cooperate with UN inspection teams.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1992–2003''': Iraq: [[Iraqi no-fly zones conflict]], The U.S., United Kingdom, and its Gulf War allies declared and enforced "no-fly zones" over the majority of sovereign Iraqi airspace, prohibiting Iraqi flights in zones in southern Iraq and northern Iraq, conducting aerial reconnaissance, and several specific attacks on Iraqi air-defense systems as part of the UN mandate. Often, Iraqi forces continued throughout a decade by firing on U.S. and British aircraft patrolling no-fly zones.''(See also [[Operation Northern Watch]], [[Operation Southern Watch]])'' {{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1993–1995''': Bosnia: [[Operation Deny Flight]], On April 12, 1993, in response to a United Nations Security Council passage of [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 816|Resolution 816]], U.S. and NATO enforced the no-fly zone over the Bosnian airspace, prohibited all unauthorized flights and allowed to "take all necessary measures to ensure compliance with [the no-fly zone restrictions]."

'''1993''': Somalia: [[Battle of Mogadishu (1993)|Battle of Mogadishu]], or the First Battle of Mogadishu, the outcome of [[Operation Gothic Serpent]]. October 3–4, 1993, Task Force Ranger, made up largely of the [[75th Ranger Regiment]] and [[Delta Force]] entered hostile urban area [[Mogadishu]] to seize two high ranking [[Somali National Army]] leaders. Two American [[Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk|UH-60 Black Hawks]] are shot down, 18 Americans are killed in action, with another 73 wounded, and 1 captured. The events of the battle were gathered in the book [[Black Hawk Down (book)|Black Hawk Down]], which was later adapted to a [[Black Hawk Down (film)|movie of the same name]].

'''1993''': Macedonia: On July 9, 1993, President Clinton reported the deployment of 350 U.S. soldiers to the [[North Macedonia|Republic of Macedonia]] to participate in the [[United Nations Protection Force|UN Protection Force]] to help maintain stability in the area of former Yugoslavia.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1994''': Bosnia: [[Banja Luka incident]], NATO become involved in the first combat situation when NATO [[U.S. Air Force]] [[F-16]] jets shot down four of the six Bosnian Serb [[J-21 Jastreb]] single-seat light attack jets for violating UN-mandated [[no-fly zone]].

'''1994–1995''': Haiti: [[Operation Uphold Democracy]], U.S. ships had begun embargo against Haiti. Up to 20,000 U.S. military troops were later deployed to Haiti to restore democratically elected Haiti President [[Jean-Bertrand Aristide]] from a military regime which came into power in 1991 after a major coup.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1994''': Macedonia: On April 19, 1994, President Clinton reported that the U.S. contingent in Macedonia had been increased by a reinforced company of 200 personnel.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1994''': Kuwait: [[Operation Vigilant Warrior]] began in October 1994 when Iraqi [[Republican Guard (Iraq)|Republican Guard]] Divisions began repositioning within Iraq south near the Kuwaiti border.  U.S. forces countered with a movement of forces to the Gulf - the largest since Operation Desert Shield.  The operation as officially terminated on December 22, 1994.  Also see<ref>United Nations Security Council resolution 949</ref>

'''1995''': Bosnia: [[Operation Deliberate Force]], On August 30, 1995, U.S. and NATO aircraft began a major bombing campaign of [[Bosnian Serb Army]] in response to a [[Markale massacres#Second massacre|Bosnian Serb mortar attack on a Sarajevo market]] that killed 37 people on August 28, 1995. This operation lasted until September 20, 1995. The air campaign along with a combined allied ground force of Muslim and [[Croatian Army]] against Serb positions led to a [[Dayton Agreement]] in December 1995 with the signing of warring factions of the war. As part of [[Operation Joint Endeavor]], U.S. and NATO dispatched the Implementation Force ([[IFOR]]) peacekeepers to Bosnia to uphold the Dayton agreement.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1996''': Central African Republic, [[Operation Quick Response]]: On May 23, 1996, President Clinton reported the deployment of U.S. military personnel to [[Bangui]], [[Central African Republic]], to conduct the evacuation from that country of "private U.S. citizens and certain U.S. government employees", and to provide "enhanced security for the American Embassy in Bangui."{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}} [[United States Marine Corps]] elements of Joint Task Force Assured Response, responding in nearby Liberia, provided security to the embassy and evacuated 448 people, including between 190 and 208 Americans. The last Marines left Bangui on June 22.

'''1996''': Kuwait: [[Operation Desert Strike]], American Air Strikes in the north to protect the Kurdish population against the [[Iraqi Army]] attacks.

'''1996''': Bosnia: [[Operation Joint Guard]], On December 21, 1996, U.S. and NATO established the [[Stabilisation Force|SFOR]] peacekeepers to replace the IFOR in enforcing the peace under the Dayton agreement.

'''1997''': Albania: [[Operation Silver Wake]], On March 13, 1997, U.S. military forces were used to evacuate certain U.S. government employees and private U.S. citizens from [[Tirana]], Albania.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1997''': Congo and Gabon: On March 27, 1997, President Clinton reported on March 25, 1997, a standby evacuation force of U.S. military personnel had been deployed to Congo and Gabon to provide enhanced security and to be available for any necessary evacuation operation.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1997''': Sierra Leone: On May 29 and 30, 1997, U.S. military personnel were deployed to [[Freetown]], [[Sierra Leone]], to prepare for and undertake the evacuation of certain U.S. government employees and private U.S. citizens.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1997''': Cambodia: On July 11, 1997, In an effort to ensure the security of American citizens in Cambodia during a period of domestic conflict there, a Task Force of about 550 U.S. military personnel were deployed at [[U-Tapao International Airport#Vietnam War|Utapao Air Base]] in Thailand for possible evacuations.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1998''': Iraq: [[1998 bombing of Iraq|Operation Desert Fox]], U.S. and British forces conduct a major four-day bombing campaign from December 16–19, 1998 on Iraqi targets.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1998–1999''': Kenya and Tanzania: U.S. military personnel were deployed to [[Nairobi]], Kenya, to coordinate the medical and disaster assistance related to the [[1998 United States embassy bombings|bombing of the U.S. Embassies in Kenya and Tanzania]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1998''': Afghanistan and Sudan: [[Operation Infinite Reach]]. On August 20, President Clinton ordered a cruise missile attack against two suspected [[terrorist training camp]]s in Afghanistan and a [[Al-Shifa pharmaceutical factory|suspected chemical factory]] in Sudan.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1998''': Liberia: On September 27, 1998, America deployed a stand-by response and evacuation force of 30 U.S. military personnel to increase the security force at the U.S. Embassy in Monrovia.<ref>[http://ftp.resource.org/gpo.gov/documents/105/hd318.pdf THE SECURITY AND SITUATION OF THE U.S. EMBASSY IN MONROVIA, LIBERIA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721004708/http://ftp.resource.org/gpo.gov/documents/105/hd318.pdf}}</ref> {{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1999–2001''': East Timor: Limited number of U.S. military forces deployed with the United Nations-mandated [[International Force for East Timor]] restore peace to East Timor.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''1999''': Serbia: [[1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia|Operation Allied Force]]: U.S. and NATO aircraft began a major bombing of [[Serbia]] and Serb positions in [[Kosovo]] on March 24, 1999, during the [[Kosovo War]] due to the refusal by Serbian President [[Slobodan Milošević]] to end repression against [[Albanians|ethnic Albanians]] in Kosovo. This operation ended on June 10, 1999, when Milošević agreed to pull his troops out of Kosovo. In response to the situation in Kosovo, NATO dispatched the [[Kosovo Force|KFOR]] peacekeepers to secure the peace under [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244|UNSC Resolution 1244]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

=== 2000s ===
'''2000''': Sierra Leone: On May 12, 2000, a U.S. Navy patrol craft deployed to [[Sierra Leone]] to support evacuation operations from that country if needed.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''2000''': Nigeria: Special Forces troops are sent to [[Nigeria]] to lead a training mission in the country.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wsws.org/articles/2000/aug2000/nige-a16.shtml |title=U.S. reasserts its interests in Africa, sending troops to Nigeria |date=August 16, 2000 |access-date=June 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120427090148/http://www.wsws.org/articles/2000/aug2000/nige-a16.shtml |archive-date=April 27, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>

'''2000''': Yemen: On October 12, 2000, after {{USS|Cole|DDG-67|6}} attack in the port of [[Aden]], [[Yemen]], military personnel were deployed to Aden.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''2000''': East Timor: On February 25, 2000, a small number of U.S. military personnel were deployed to support the [[United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor]] (UNTAET).{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''2001''': On April 1, 2001, a mid-air collision between a United States Navy [[Lockheed EP-3|EP-3E ARIES II]] signals surveillance aircraft and a [[People's Liberation Army Navy]] (PLAN) [[Shenyang J-8|J-8II interceptor fighter jet]] resulted in an international dispute between the United States and the People's Republic of China called the [[Hainan Island incident]].

'''2001–2021''': '''[[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|War in Afghanistan]]''': The '''[[War on terror]]''' begins with [[Operation Enduring Freedom]]. On October 7, 2001, U.S. Armed Forces invade Afghanistan in response to the [[9/11 attacks]] and "begin combat action in Afghanistan against [[Al-Qaeda|Al Qaeda]] and their [[Taliban]] supporters."{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''2002''': Yemen: On November 3, 2002, an American [[MQ-1 Predator]] fired a Hellfire missile at a car in Yemen killing [[Qaed Salim Sinan al-Harethi]], an al-Qaeda leader thought to be responsible for [[USS Cole bombing|USS ''Cole'' bombing]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''2002''': Philippines: [[Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines|OEF-Philippines]], As of January, U.S. "combat-equipped and combat support forces" have been deployed to the [[Philippines]] to train with, assist and advise the [[Armed Forces of the Philippines|Philippine Armed Forces]] in enhancing their "counterterrorist capabilities."{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''2002''': Côte d'Ivoire: On September 25, 2002, in response to a rebellion in [[Ivory Coast|Côte d'Ivoire]], U.S. military personnel went into Côte d'Ivoire to assist in the evacuation of American citizens from [[Bouaké]].<ref>
{{cite web
|url=https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2002/09/20020927.html
|title=Text of a Letter from the President to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President Pro Tempore of the Senate
|date=September 26, 2002
|publisher=The White House
|access-date=April 18, 2007
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111026173722/http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2002/09/20020927.html
|archive-date=October 26, 2011
|url-status=live
}}
</ref>{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''2003–2011''': '''[[Iraq War|War in Iraq]]''': [[Operation Iraqi Freedom]], March 20, 2003, The United States leads a coalition that includes the United Kingdom, Australia and Poland to invade Iraq with the stated goal being "to disarm Iraq in pursuit of peace, stability, and security both in the Gulf region and in the United States."{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''2003''': Liberia: [[Second Liberian Civil War]], On June 9, 2003, President Bush reported that on June 8 he had sent about 35 U.S. Marines into [[Monrovia]], [[Liberia]], to help secure the U.S. Embassy in [[Nouakchott]], [[Mauritania]], and to aid in any necessary evacuation from either Liberia or Mauritania.{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''2003''': [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] and [[Djibouti]]: "US combat equipped and support forces" had been deployed to Georgia and Djibouti to help in enhancing their "counterterrorist capabilities."<ref>
{{cite web
|url=https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2003/09/20030919-1.html
|title=Presidential Letter
|date=September 19, 2003
|access-date=April 17, 2007
|publisher=The White House
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714024244/http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2003/09/20030919-1.html
|archive-date=July 14, 2011
|url-status=live
}}
</ref>

'''2004''': Haiti: [[2004 Haitian coup d'état]] occurs, The U.S. first sent 55 combat equipped military personnel to augment the U.S. Embassy security forces there and to protect American citizens and property in light. Later 200 additional U.S. combat-equipped, military personnel were sent to prepare the way for a UN Multinational Interim Force, [[MINUSTAH]].{{ref label|RL30172|RL30172||noid=noid}}

'''2004''': [[War on terror]]: U.S. anti-terror related activities were underway in [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Djibouti]], [[Kenya]], [[Ethiopia]], [[Yemen]], and [[Eritrea]].<ref>
{{cite web
|url=https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2004/03/20040322-3.html
|title=Presidential Letter
|date=March 20, 2004
|access-date=April 17, 2007
|publisher=The White House
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728170505/http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2004/03/20040322-3.html
|archive-date=July 28, 2011
|url-status=live
}}
</ref>

'''2004–present''': The U.S. deploys drone strikes to aid in the [[War in North-West Pakistan]].<ref>{{cite news |date=24 September 2014 |title=Drone strike in North Waziristan kills at least eight |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1134041/drone-strike-in-north-waziristan-kills-at-least-eight |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924113608/http://www.dawn.com/news/1134041/drone-strike-in-north-waziristan-kills-at-least-eight |archive-date=24 September 2014 |access-date=24 September 2014 |work=Zahir Shah Sherazi |agency=Dawn |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

'''2005–2006''': Pakistan: President Bush deploys troops from U.S. Army air cavalry brigades to provide humanitarian relief to far remote villages in the [[Kashmir]] mountain ranges of Pakistan stricken by a massive earthquake.

'''2005–2008''': Operation WILLING SPIRIT, Colombia - the rescue of American hostages held hostage by the FARC.

*'''2006''': Lebanon: part of the [[24th Marine Expeditionary Unit]]<ref name="GS.Lebanon" /> begins evacuation of U.S. citizens willing to leave the country in the face of a likely ground invasion by Israel and continued fighting between [[Hezbollah]] and the Israeli military.<ref name="GS.Lebanon">
{{cite web
|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/neo-lebanon-06.htm
|title=Lebanon Non-combatant Evacuation Operation (NEO) 2006
|publisher=[[GlobalSecurity.org]]
|access-date=October 4, 2007
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071010200553/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/neo-lebanon-06.htm
|archive-date=October 10, 2007
|url-status=live
}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite news
|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/07/17/AR2006071701421.html
|title=U.S. Prepares Huge Lebanon Evacuation
|first=Josh
|last=White
|newspaper=The Washington Post
|date=July 18, 2006
|page=A12
|access-date=October 4, 2007
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809234708/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/07/17/AR2006071701421.html
|archive-date=August 9, 2014
|url-status=live
}}
</ref>

*'''2007''': [[Dai Hong Dan incident]], on October 29, 2007, [[Piracy in Somalia|Somali Pirates]] boarded and attacked a North Korean [[Dai Hong Dan|merchant vessel]]. Passing U.S. Navy Ships and a helicopter that were patrolling at the time responded to the attack. Once the ship was freed from the pirates, the American forces were given permission to board and assist the wounded crew and handle surviving pirates.{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}}
*'''2007''': Somalia: [[2007 Battle of Ras Kamboni|Battle of Ras Kamboni]], on January 8, 2007, while the conflict between the [[Islamic Courts Union]] and the [[Transitional federal government, Republic of Somalia|Transitional Federal Government]] continues, an [[AC-130]] gunship conducts an aerial strike on a suspected al-Qaeda operative, along with other Islamist fighters, on Badmadow Island near Ras Kamboni in southern Somalia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.defense.gov/News/NewsArticle.aspx?id=2625 |title=Defense.gov News Article: Aircraft Attack Al Qaeda Haven, Ike Moves off Somalia |access-date=June 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120714114547/http://www.defense.gov//News/NewsArticle.aspx?ID=2625 |archive-date=July 14, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===2010s===
*'''2010–present''': [[al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen]]: The U.S. has been launching a series of drone strikes on suspected al-Qaeda, [[al-Shabaab (militant group)|al-Shabaab]], and [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|ISIS]] positions in Yemen. 
*'''2010–2011''': [[Iraq War#2010: US drawdown and Operation New Dawn|Operation New Dawn]], on February 17, 2010, U.S. Secretary of Defense [[Robert Gates]] announced that as of September 1, 2010, the name "Operation Iraqi Freedom" would be replaced by "Operation New Dawn". This coincides with the reduction of American troops to 50,000.
*'''2011''': [[2011 military intervention in Libya]]: [[Operation Odyssey Dawn]], United States and coalition enforcing [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973|U.N. Security Council Resolution 1973]] with bombings of Libyan forces.
*'''2011''': Osama Bin Laden is killed by U.S. military forces in [[Abbottabad]], [[Pakistan]] as part of [[Operation Neptune Spear]].
*'''2011''': Drone strikes on al-Shabaab militants begin in Somalia.<ref name="Drone Strikes">{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jun/30/us-drone-strikes-somalia |title=Pilotless Drone strikes begin in Somalia |first=Declan |last=Walsh |work=The Guardian |date=June 30, 2011 |access-date=October 1, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008134732/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jun/30/us-drone-strikes-somalia |archive-date=October 8, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> This marks the 6th nation in which such strikes have been carried out,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/29/world/obamas-leadership-in-war-on-al-qaeda.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 |title=Secret 'Kill List' Proves a Test of Obama's Principles and Will |first1=Jo |last1=Becker |first2=Scott |last2=Shane |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120929225537/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/29/world/obamas-leadership-in-war-on-al-qaeda.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 |archive-date=September 29, 2012 |date=May 29, 2012 |work=The New York Times}}</ref> including Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, Yemen<ref>{{cite news |first=Hakim |last=Almasmari |url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/08/30/world/meast/yemen-drone-strikes/ |publisher=CNN |title=Sources: Drone strikes in Yemen kill 6, including senior AQAP leaders |date=August 30, 2013 |access-date=October 17, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018042110/http://www.cnn.com/2013/08/30/world/meast/yemen-drone-strikes/ |archive-date=October 18, 2013 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref> and Libya.
*'''2011–present''': Uganda: U.S. Combat troops sent in as advisers to [[Uganda]].<ref name="Obama sends 100 troops to combat LRA in Uganda">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/oct/14/obama-sends-troops-uganda |location=London |work=The Guardian |title=Obama sends 100 troops to combat LRA in Uganda |date=October 14, 2011 |access-date=December 17, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202112936/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/oct/14/obama-sends-troops-uganda |archive-date=February 2, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>
*'''2012''': Jordan: 150 U.S. troops deployed to Jordan to help it contain the [[Syrian civil war]] within Syria's borders.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/middle-east-live/2012/oct/10/syria-us-taskforce-to-jordan-live|title=Syria crisis: US sends troops to Jordan - Wednesday 10 October 2012|last1=Weaver|first1=Matthew|last2=Whitaker|first2=Brian|date=October 10, 2012|website=The Guardian|quote=US defence secretary Leon Panetta confirmed that US troops have been sent to the Jordan-Syria border as part of contingency plans to stop the violence in Syria spreading south. Officials told ''The New York Times'' that a 150-strong task force had been sent while contingency plans for setting up a buffer zone in Syria were being discussed.}}</ref>
*'''2012''': Turkey: 400 troops and two batteries of [[Patriot missiles]] sent to Turkey to prevent any missile strikes from Syria.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2012/12/14/us-troops-syria-turkey/1768981/|title=Pentagon to send missiles, 400 troops to Turkey|date=December 14, 2012|website=USA Today|quote=The U.S. will send two batteries of Patriot missiles and 400 troops to Turkey as part of a NATO force meant to protect Turkish territory from potential Syrian missile attack, the Pentagon said Friday.}}</ref>
*'''2012''': Chad: 50 U.S. troops have deployed to the African country of [[Chad]] to help evacuate U.S. citizens and embassy personnel from the neighboring [[Central African Republic]]'s capital of [[Bangui]] in the face of [[Central African Republic Civil War|rebel advances toward the city]].
*'''2013''': [[Mali]]: U.S. forces assisted the French in [[Operation Serval]] with air refueling and transport aircraft.
*'''2013''': Somalia: U.S. Air Force planes supported the French in the [[Bulo Marer hostage rescue attempt]]. However, they did not use any weapons.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/americas/2013/01/2013113233456348202.html|title=US admits role in French mission in Somalia|date=January 14, 2013|publisher=Al Jazeera|quote="United States combat aircraft briefly entered Somali airspace to support the rescue operation, if needed. These aircraft did not employ weapons during the operation," Obama said in his letter to Congress on Sunday.}}</ref>
*'''2013''': [[2013 Korean crisis]]
*'''2013''': Navy SEALs conducted a raid in Somalia and possibly killed a senior [[Al-Shabaab (militant group)|Al-Shabaab]] official, simultaneously another raid took place in [[Tripoli, Libya]], where Special Operations Forces captured [[Abu Anas al-Libi|Abu Anas al Libi]] (also known as Anas al-Libi)<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/10/05/world/africa/us-forces-africa-terrorist-raids/index.html?hpt=hp_t1 | publisher=CNN | title=U.S. military forces strike in Libya, Somalia; capture wanted al Qaeda leader | date=October 6, 2013 | access-date=October 6, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006084500/http://www.cnn.com/2013/10/05/world/africa/us-forces-africa-terrorist-raids/index.html?hpt=hp_t1 | archive-date=October 6, 2013 | url-status=live |first1=Barbara |last1=Starr |first2=Evan |last2=Perez |first3=Greg|last3=Botelho}}</ref>
*'''2014–present''': Uganda: [[Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey|V-22 Ospreys]], [[Lockheed MC-130|MC-130s]], [[Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker|KC-135s]] and additional U.S. soldiers are sent to Uganda to continue to help African forces search for [[Joseph Kony]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.navytimes.com/article/20140324/NEWS/303240040/U-S-sending-special-operations-forces-CV-22-Ospreys-Uganda|title=U.S. sending special operations forces, CV-22 Ospreys to Uganda |work=Navy Times|access-date=October 1, 2014}}</ref>
*'''2014–present''': [[2014 American intervention in Iraq|American intervention in Iraq]]: Hundreds of U.S. troops deployed to protect American assets in Iraq and to advise Iraqi and Kurdish fighters.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/us-flying-iran-russia-syria-164839784.html|title=The US Is Flying Right Into The Iran-Russia-Syria Plan In Iraq|date=July 3, 2014|work=Yahoo Finance|access-date=October 1, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006135441/http://finance.yahoo.com/news/us-flying-iran-russia-syria-164839784.html|archive-date=October 6, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> In August the [[U.S. Air Force]] conducted a humanitarian air drop and the [[U.S. Navy]] began a series of airstrikes against [[Islamic State]]-aligned forces throughout northern Iraq.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/obama-approves-humanitarian-air-drops-in-iraq/|title=Obama authorizes targeted airstrikes in Iraq|publisher=[[CBS News]] |date=August 7, 2014|access-date=October 1, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006092055/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/obama-approves-humanitarian-air-drops-in-iraq/|archive-date=October 6, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=US Launched First Airstrikes in Iraq |date=August 8, 2014 |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/us-launched-airstrikes-iraq-24898607 |first=Lolita C. |last=Baldor |work=ABC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809191119/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/us-launched-airstrikes-iraq-24898607 |archive-date=August 9, 2014 |url-status=dead |access-date=October 1, 2014}}</ref>
*'''2014''': [[2014 American rescue mission in Syria]]: The U.S. attempted to rescue [[James Foley (journalist)|James Foley]] and other hostages being held by [[ISIL]]. Air strikes were conducted on the ISIL military base known as "[[Osama bin Laden]] camp". Meanwhile, the bombings, Delta teams parachuted near an ISIL high-valued prison. The main roads were blocked to keep any target from escaping. When no hostage was found, the American troops began house to house searches. By this time, ISIL militants began arriving to the area. Heavy fighting occurred until the Americans decided to abandon the mission due to the hostages being nowhere in the area. Although the mission failed, at least 5 ISIL militants were killed, however 1 American troop was wounded. According to the reports, Jordan had a role in the operation and that one Jordanian soldier had been wounded as well. This was unconfirmed. 
*'''2014–present''': [[American-led intervention in Syria]]: American aircraft bomb [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|Islamic State]] positions in [[Syria]]. Airstrikes on [[al-Qaeda]], [[al-Nusra Front]] and [[Khorasan (Islamist group)|Khorasan]] positions are also being conducted. 
*'''2014–present''': '''[[2014 military intervention against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|Intervention against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]]''': Syrian locals forces and [[American-led intervention in Iraq|American-led coalition forces]] launch a series of aerial attacks on [[ISIL]] and [[al-Nusra Front]] positions in Iraq and Syria.
* '''2014''': [[2014 hostage rescue operations in Yemen]]: On November 25, U.S. Navy SEALs and Yemeni Special Forces launched an operations in Yemen in attempt to rescue eight hostages that were being held by [[al-Qaeda]]. Although the operation was successful, no American hostages were secured. In the first attempt, six Yemenis, one Saudi Arabian, and one Ethiopian were rescued. On December 4, 2014, [[al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula]] (AQAP) threatened to execute the Somers if the U.S. failed to the unspecified commands. AQAP also stated that they would be executed if the U.S. attempted another rescue operation. On December 6, a second operation was launched. 40 U.S. SEALs and 30 Yemeni troops were deployed to the compound. A 10-minute fire fight occurred before the American troops could enter where the remaining hostages (Somers and Korkie) were being held. They were alive, but fatally wounded. Surgery was done in mid air when flying away from the site. Korkie died while in flight, and Somers died once landed on {{USS|Makin Island|LHD-8|6}}. No American troop was killed/injured, however a Yemenis soldier was wounded.
* '''2015''': April 30, 2015, U.S. sends ships to the [[Strait of Hormuz]] to shield vessels after Iranian seizure of a commercial vessel, {{MV|Maersk Tigris}}. Iran fired shots over the bow, and seized the ship registered in the [[Marshall Islands]], as part of a decade-long legal dispute between Iran and [[Maersk]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/01/world/middleeast/iran-maersk-tigris-container-ship-seizure.html|title=U.S. Sends Ships to Strait of Hormuz To Shield Vessels After Iran Seizure|work=The New York Times |date=May 1, 2015|access-date=May 6, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508173132/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/01/world/middleeast/iran-maersk-tigris-container-ship-seizure.html|archive-date=May 8, 2015|url-status=live|last1=Rosenberg |first1=Matthew |last2=Hakim |first2=Danny}}</ref>
* '''2015–present''': In early October 2015, the U.S. military deployed 300 troops to [[Cameroon]], with the approval of the Cameroonian government; their primary mission was to provide intelligence support to local forces as well as conducting reconnaissance flights.<ref>{{Cite web|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=October 14, 2015|title=Obama to deploy 300 US troops to Cameroon to fight Boko Haram|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/oct/14/obama-deployment-us-troops-cameroon-boko-haram|access-date=April 14, 2021|website=The Guardian|language=en}}</ref>
* '''2017''': [[2017 Shayrat missile strike]]: Tomahawk missiles launched from U.S. naval vessels in the Mediterranean hit a Syrian airbase in Homs Governorate in response to a chemical weapons attack against civilians south-west of Idlib. Seven were killed and nine wounded.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-04-07/us-launches-cruise-missile-strike-on-syria/8425132|title=Syria: Donald Trump orders missile strike against Assad airfield in retaliation for chemical attack|date=April 7, 2017|website=ABC News (Australia)|publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]|access-date=April 7, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170407023424/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-04-07/us-launches-cruise-missile-strike-on-syria/8425132|archive-date=April 7, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''2018''': [[April 2018 missile strikes against Syria|missile strikes]] were launched by the U.S. and allies on military targets in [[Damascus]] and near [[Homs]] in response to the [[Douma chemical attack]] against civilians in April 2018.<ref>{{cite web |first1=Anne |last1=Gearan |first2=Missy |last2=Ryan |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/04/13/us-launches-missile-strikes-in-syria/ |title=Trump orders US missile strikes in Syria |work=Mercury News |date=April 13, 2018 |access-date=July 9, 2019}}</ref>
* '''2019''': Operation Sentinel: U.S. Central Command was developing a multinational maritime effort to increase surveillance of and security in key waterways in the Middle East to ensure freedom of navigation.<ref>{{cite web |author=U.S. Central Command |url=https://www.centcom.mil/MEDIA/STATEMENTS/Statements-View/Article/1911282/us-central-command-statement-on-operation-sentinel/ |title=U.S. Central Command Statement on Operation Sentinel |work=U.S. Central Command |agency=U.S. Central Command |date=July 19, 2019  |access-date=August 29, 2019}}</ref>

===2020s===
* '''2020''': [[Attack on the United States embassy in Baghdad|Response to attack on the U.S. embassy in Baghdad]]. The U.S. embassy in Baghdad came under siege on December 31, 2019, following U.S. retaliation for an attack by the pro-Iranian [[Kata'ib Hezbollah]] in which four service members were wounded and one civilian contractor was killed. In response, Marines and aircraft were immediately dispatched from Kuwait for defense of the embassy and overwatch. On January 2, 2020, the U.S. [[2020 Baghdad International Airport airstrike|launched an airstrike]] on a convoy, killing Iranian Quds Force Major-General [[Qasem Soleimani]] and Iraqi militia leader [[Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iraq-security-blast/u-s-says-it-kills-top-iranian-commander-soleimani-in-air-strike-idUSKBN1Z11K8|title=U.S. says it kills top Iranian commander Soleimani in air strike|work=Reuters|date=January 2, 2020|access-date=January 3, 2020}}</ref> An additional 4,000 U.S. troops were mobilized to the region, including some 750 from the [[82nd Airborne Division]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.militarytimes.com/flashpoints/2020/01/01/750-soldiers-with-82nd-airborne-headed-for-centcom-additional-4000-troops-expected-to-deploy-as-iran-tensions-mount/|title=750 soldiers with 82nd Airborne headed for CENTCOM, additional troops expected to deploy as Iran tensions mount|work=Military Times|date=January 1, 2020|access-date=January 3, 2020}}</ref> In an annual report released by [[the Pentagon]] on May 6, 2020, it cited that approximately 132 civilians have been killed in 2019 as part of [[US military]] operations in [[Iraq]], [[Afghanistan]], [[Somalia]] and [[Syria]]. The [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]] (DoD) added that no civilian casualties were reported under the US military operations in [[Libya]] and [[Yemen]] civil wars respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thehill.com/policy/defense/496487-pentagon-us-military-operations-killed-132-civilians-in-2019|title=Pentagon: US military operations killed 132 civilians in 2019|access-date=May 6, 2020|website=The Hill|date=May 6, 2020}}</ref>
*'''2021:''' [[February 2021 United States airstrike in Syria]]: On February 25, 2021, the [[United States Armed Forces|United States military]] carried out an [[February 2021 United States airstrike in Syria|airstrike]] on a site believed to have been occupied by Iranian-backed Iraqi [[militia]]s operating from across the border in eastern [[Syria]] in response to recent attacks against US and coalition forces in Iraq.<ref>{{Cite news|date=February 26, 2021|title=Biden takes first military action with Syria strike on Iran-backed militias|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-56205056|access-date=July 4, 2021}}</ref>
*'''2021:''' June 27, 2021, the U.S. military conducted airstrikes on Iranian-backed militias on both sides of the [[Iraq–Syria border]] in response to drone attacks on U.S. forces and facilities in the region.<ref>{{Cite web|date=June 27, 2021|title=U.S. warplanes strike Iran-backed militia in Iraq, Syria|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/us-carries-out-air-strikes-against-iran-backed-militia-iraq-syria-2021-06-27/|access-date=July 4, 2021|work=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Brook|first=Tom Vanden|title=US military airstrikes target militias backed by Iran in Syria, Iraq|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2021/06/27/biden-orders-airstrikes-syria-iraq-iranian-backed-militias/5367769001/|access-date=July 4, 2021|website=USA Today|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Opinion {{!}} The U.S. just launched more airstrikes in Iraq. Has Biden learned nothing?|date=June 28, 2021 |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/biden-orders-airstrikes-iran-backed-militants-iraq-syria-it-s-ncna1272539|access-date=July 4, 2021|publisher=NBC News|language=en}}</ref>
*'''2021:''' [[American military intervention in Somalia (2007–present)]]: July 20, 2021, U.S. military airstrikes were conducted on [[Al-Shabaab (militant group)|al-Shabab]] militants in [[Somalia]], the first of its kind since US troops withdrew and President [[Joe Biden]] took office in January 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=US Airstrike in Somalia Is 2nd This Week Against Al-Shabaab |url=https://www.military.com/daily-news/2021/07/23/us-airstrike-somalia-2nd-week-against-al-shabaab.html |website=Military.com |date=July 23, 2021 |agency=Associated Press |access-date=July 26, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=U.S. military carries out first air strike in Somalia under Biden |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/us-military-carries-out-first-air-strike-somalia-under-biden-2021-07-20/ |work=Reuters |date=July 20, 2021}}</ref> On July 22, 2021, further airstrikes were conducted by the [[U.S. Air Force]] against al-Shabab militants.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Babb |first1=Carla |title=US Lends More Airpower to Somalia's Fight vs. al-Shabab |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/africa_us-lends-more-airpower-somalias-fight-vs-al-shabab/6208634.html |website=VOA News |date=July 23, 2021 |access-date=July 26, 2021}}</ref>
*'''2021:''' [[2021 Kabul airlift]]: as part of an ongoing, multi-national effort by [[NATO]] partner countries to extract citizens and Afghan partners from the country following the [[2021 fall of Kabul]] to the [[Taliban]]. The U.S. deployed 6,000 troops to seize control of [[Hamid Karzai International Airport]] to serve as a base of operations for the evacuation effort.<ref>{{cite web |title=Another 1K US troops heading to Kabul, bringing total to 6,000 |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/afghanistan-updates-us-airport-operations-continue-taliban-negotiate/story?id=79464831 |website=ABC News |language=en}}</ref> The DOD confirmed on August 16 that General [[Kenneth F. McKenzie Jr.]], Commander, [[United States Central Command]], had met [[Taliban in Qatar|Taliban leaders]] in Qatar to secure an agreement. The Taliban reportedly agreed to allow American evacuation flights at Kabul Airport to proceed without hindrance.<ref>{{Cite web|date=August 16, 2021|title=US reaches deal with Taliban over evacuations from Kabul airport, report says|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/kabul-taliban-us-evacuations-airport-b1903493.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/kabul-taliban-us-evacuations-airport-b1903493.html |archive-date=May 7, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=September 18, 2021|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref> International airlifts of evacuees had resumed by August 17 following a temporary halt to clear the runway of civilians as the DOD confirmed the airport was open for all military flights and limited commercial flights.<ref>{{Cite web|date=August 18, 2021|title=Taliban pledge peace and women's rights under Islam as they strike conciliatory tone|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/evacuation-flights-resume-kabul-airport-biden-defends-us-withdrawal-2021-08-17/|access-date=September 18, 2021|work=Reuters|language=en}}</ref> Pentagon officials added that evacuation efforts were expected to speed up and were scheduled to continue until August 31.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Forgey|first=Quint|title=U.S. military to pick up pace of evacuation flights out of Afghanistan|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2021/08/17/pentagon-defends-us-afghan-airport-505489|access-date=September 18, 2021|website=Politico|date=August 17, 2021 |language=en}}</ref> On the evening of August 22, [[Lloyd Austin]], [[United States Secretary of Defense]], ordered the activation of the American [[Civil Reserve Air Fleet]] to aid in the evacuations, only the third time in history that the fleet had been activated.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Elizabeth Melimopoulos |author2=Alia Chughtai |title=Infographic: How many people evacuated from Afghanistan so far?|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/22/infographic-how-many-people-have-been-evacuated-from-afghanistan-interactive |publisher=Al Jazeera|language=en |access-date=November 7, 2023}}</ref> On August 26, 2021, two suicide attacks occurred outside the gates of the Kabul airport, killing at least 170 people including 13 U.S. military personnel (11 Marines, one soldier, and one [[Hospital corpsman|Navy corpsman]]),<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cooper |first1=Helene |last2=Schmitt |first2=Eric |last3=Gibbons-Neff |first3=Thomas |title=As U.S. Troops Searched Afghans, a Bomber in the Crowd Moved In |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/27/us/politics/marines-kabul-airport-attack.html |website=The New York Times |date=August 27, 2021}}</ref> along with over 150 wounded.<ref>{{Cite news|date=August 27, 2021|title=Kabul airport attack: What do we know?|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-58349010|access-date=September 18, 2021}}</ref> On August 27, 2021, U.S. military forces conducted a drone strike in [[Nangarhar Province]], Afghanistan on a presumed "planner" for the [[ISIS-K]] militant organization in response to the [[Kabul airport attack]] that occurred on August 26, 2021.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Williams |first1=Jordan |title=US conducts military strike against ISIS-K planner |url=https://thehill.com/policy/defense/569821-us-conducts-airstrike-against-isis-k-planner |website=The Hill |language=en |date=August 27, 2021}}</ref> On September 6, 2021, the United States evacuated four American citizens (specifically, an [[Amarillo, Texas]] woman and her three children) from Afghanistan via an overland route, marking the first overland evacuation facilitated by the [[US Department of State]] since the military withdrawal. The Taliban was aware of the evacuation and did not make any effort to stop it.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Welle (www.dw.com)|first=Deutsche|title=Afghanistan: US confirms first evacuations since pullout {{!}} DW {{!}} September 6, 2021|url=https://www.dw.com/en/afghanistan-us-confirms-first-evacuations-since-pullout/a-59103705|access-date=September 18, 2021|publisher=Deutsche Welle|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Alex Marquardt, Chandelis Duster and Brianna Keilar|title=US helped 4 US citizens leave Afghanistan overland, official says|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/09/06/politics/four-us-citizens-afghanistan-departure/index.html|access-date=September 18, 2021|publisher=CNN|date=September 6, 2021}}</ref> On September 17, 2021, the [[United States Central Command|U.S. CENTCOM]] commander, [[Kenneth F. McKenzie Jr.|General Frank MacKenzie]], announced that an investigation by the U.S. military of the aforementioned drone strike found that it killed 10 civilians (including 7 children and a U.S. aid worker), and that the vehicle targeted was likely not a threat associated with ISIS-K.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Anna Coren |author2=Julia Hollingsworth |author3=Sandi Sidhu |author4=Zachary Cohen |title=US military admits it killed 10 civilians and targeted wrong vehicle in Kabul airstrike|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/09/17/politics/kabul-drone-strike-us-military-intl-hnk/index.html |publisher=CNN|date=September 17, 2021 |access-date=November 7, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Seligman|first=Lara|title='Tragic mistake': U.S. determines Kabul drone strike killed innocent aid worker, nine family members|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2021/09/17/tragic-mistake-us-drone-strike-512586|access-date=September 17, 2021|website=Politico|date=September 17, 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Reports: U.S. Drone Strike Targeted Aid Worker Carrying Water, Not Explosives|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/09/11/1036349101/reports-u-s-drone-strike-targeted-aid-worker-carrying-water-not-explosives|access-date=September 18, 2021|website=NPR.org|date=September 11, 2021 |language=en|last1=Schwartz |first1=Matthew S.}}</ref> In December 2021, in response to the errant August strike, [[the Pentagon]] stated that no U.S. military personnel involved would be disciplined.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Walsh|first=Joe|title=Pentagon Won't Punish U.S. Forces Over Kabul Airstrike That Killed Civilians|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/joewalsh/2021/12/13/pentagon-wont-punish-us-forces-over-kabul-airstrike-that-killed-civilians/|access-date=December 20, 2021|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Schmitt|first=Eric|date=December 13, 2021|title=No U.S. Troops Will Be Punished for Deadly Kabul Strike, Pentagon Chief Decides|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/13/us/politics/afghanistan-drone-strike.html|access-date=December 20, 2021|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> As of November 2021, the U.S. State Department believes as many as 14,000 U.S. legal permanent residents remain in Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Jack Detsch |author2=Kelly Kimball |author3=Robbie Gramer |title=State Department: Thousands of U.S. Residents Still Stuck in Afghanistan|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/11/03/state-department-afghanistan-us-residents/ |website=Foreign Policy|date=November 3, 2021 |language=en-US |access-date=November 7, 2023}}</ref>
*'''2021:''' On October 22, 2021, a U.S. airstrike in northwestern [[Syria]] killed senior [[al-Qaeda]] leader Abdul Hamid al-Matar as part of ongoing anti-terrorism operations in the region.<ref>{{Cite web|title=U.S. airstrike in Syria kills al Qaeda senior leader, Pentagon says|date=October 22, 2021 |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/syria-airstrike-al-qaeda-abdul-hamid-al-matar/|access-date=October 24, 2021|publisher=CBS News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=Barbara Starr<!--, CNN Pentagon Correspondent--> |title=US kills senior al Qaeda leader in Syria airstrike|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/10/22/politics/us-kills-al-qaeda-leader-syria-airstrike/index.html |publisher=CNN|date=October 23, 2021 |access-date=November 7, 2023}}</ref>
* '''2022:''' On July 31, 2022 [[al-Qaeda]] leader [[Ayman al-Zawahiri]] was killed in [[Afghanistan]] in an American [[drone strike]]<ref name="nyt-live-22">{{Cite news |last1=Cooper |first1=Helene |last2=Barnes |first2=Julian E. |last3=Schmitt |first3=Eric |date=August 1, 2022 |title=Live Updates: U.S. Drone Strike Said to Have Killed Top Qaeda Leader |language=en-US |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/08/01/us/al-qaeda-strike-us |url-status=live |access-date=August 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801225533/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/08/01/us/al-qaeda-strike-us |archive-date=August 1, 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
* '''2023:''' [[Operation Prosperity Guardian]]: On 18 December 2023 [[United States Secretary of Defense]] [[Lloyd Austin]] announced the formation of an international maritime security force under “Operation Prosperity Guardian,” which aims to counter threats by [[Houthi movement|Houthi forces]] against international maritime commerce following weeks of [[Houthi involvement in the 2023 Israel–Hamas war|attacks against commercial vessels]].

==Relocation==
*[[Indian removal]] (1830s)
**[[Trail of Tears]] (1835–1838)
*[[German-American internment|World War II-Era German-American internment]] (1942–1945)
*[[Italian-American internment|World War II-Era Italian-American internment]] (1942–43)
*[[Japanese American internment|World War II-Era Japanese-American internment]] (1942–1946)

==Armed insurrections and slave revolts==
See also: [[Slave rebellion]], [[Tax revolt]]

*[[Gloucester County, Virginia Slave Rebellion]] (1663)
*[[Bacon's Rebellion]] (1676)
*[[Leisler's Rebellion]] (1689–1691)
*[[Stono Rebellion]] (1739)
*[[Pontiac's Rebellion]] (1763–1766)
*[[War of the Regulation]] (1764–1771)
*[[Boston Tea Party]] (1773)
*[[American Revolutionary War]] (1775–1783)
*[[Shays' Rebellion]] (1786)
*[[Whiskey Rebellion]] (1794)
*[[John Fries' Rebellion]] (1799–1800)
*[[Louisiana Territory Slave Rebellion]] (1811)
*[[Nat Turner's slave rebellion]] (1831)
*[[Buckshot War]] (1837–38)
*[[Patriot War]] (1837–38)
*[[Anti-Rent War]] (1839–1844)
*[[Dorr Rebellion]] (1841–42)
*[[Taos Revolt]] (1847)
*[[Utah War]] (1857–58)
*[[John Brown (abolitionist)|John Brown]]'s Raid on Federal Armory at Harper's Ferry (1859)
*[[American Civil War]] (1861–1865)
*[[Green Corn Rebellion]] Oklahoma (1917)
*[[Battle of Blair Mountain]] West Virginia (1921)
*The [[Bonus March]] (1932)
*[[Wounded Knee incident]] – Wounded Knee, South Dakota (1973)

==Range wars==
{{See also|Range war}}

*[[Franklin County War]] (Idaho, 1866–1872)
*[[Mason County War]] (Texas, 1874–1877)
*[[Colfax County War]] (New Mexico, 1875)
*[[Lincoln County War]] (New Mexico, 1877–78)
*[[San Elizario Salt War]] (Texas-Mexico borderlands 1877)
*[[Johnson County War]] (Wyoming, 1892)
*[[Pleasant Valley War]] (Arizona, 1886)
*[[Sheep Wars]] (Texas-New Mexico borderlands, 1879–1900)
*[[Posey War]] (Utah, 1923)

==Bloody local feuds==
*[[Rowan County War]] (Kentucky, 1884–1887)
*[[Hatfield–McCoy feud]] (West Virginia-Kentucky, 1878–1891)

==Bloodless boundary disputes==
*[[Toledo War]] (1835, Michigan Territory-Ohio)
*[[Aroostook War]] (1838–39, U.S.-Britain)
*[[Honey War]] (1839, Iowa Territory-Missouri)
*[[Oregon boundary dispute]] (1844–1846, U.S.-Britain)
*[[Pig War (1859)|Pig War]] (1859, U.S.-Britain)
*[[Chamizal dispute]] (1895–1963, U.S.-Mexico)
*[[Alaska boundary dispute]] (1907, U.S.-Canada)
*[[Red River Bridge War]] (1932, Oklahoma-Texas)

==Terrorist, paramilitary groups and guerrilla warfare==

===18th and 19th century===
*[[Francis Marion]] (1780–1782)
*[[Benjamin Forsyth]] (1812–1814)
*[[Bleeding Kansas]] (1854–1860)
**[[Wakarusa War]] (1855)
**[[John Brown (abolitionist)|John Brown]] (1856–1859)
*[[Utah War]] (1857–1858)
*[[Cortina Troubles]] (1859–1861)
*[[Quantrill's Raiders]] (1861–1863)
**[[William T. Anderson|Bloody Bill Anderson]] (1840–1864)
**[[Centralia Massacre (Missouri)|Centralia Massacre]] (1864)
*[[Red Shirts (South Carolina)|Red Shirts]] [[Hamburg massacre]] (1876)
*[[Ku Klux Klan]] (1877)
*[[Knights of the White Camelia]]
*[[White League]] (1874)
**[[Coushatta massacre]] (1874)
**[[Colfax riot]] (1874)
*[[Symbionese Liberation Army]] (1973–1975)

==Labor–management disputes==
{{further|Timeline of labor issues and events|List of strikes}}

*[[Great Railroad Strike of 1877]]
*[[Homestead Strike]] (1892)
*[[Pullman Strike]] (1894)
*[[Coeur d'Alene, Idaho labor confrontation of 1899]]
*[[Black Patch Tobacco Wars]] (1904–1911)
* Aftermath of the [[Ludlow massacre]] (1914)
*[[Battle of Blair Mountain]] (1921)

==State and national secession attempts==
{{further-text|[[List of extinct states]] and [[Historic regions of the United States#Unrecognized|Unrecognized historic regions of the United States]]}}

*[[Westsylvania]] (1776)
*[[Green Mountain Boys]] (1777–1791) (Vermont voluntarily entered the Union in 1791)
*[[State of Franklin]] (1784–1790)
*[[West Florida|Republic of West Florida]] (1810)
*[[Republic of Indian Stream]] (1832–1842)
*[[Confederate States of America]] (1861–1865)

==Riots and public disorder==
*1863 [[New York City draft riots]]
*[[Memphis riots of 1866]]
*[[Rock Springs massacre]] of 1885
*[[Seattle riot of 1886]]
*Lawlessness after the [[1906 San Francisco earthquake]] 
*1919 [[Red Summer]] era
**[[Washington race riot of 1919]]
**[[Omaha race riot of 1919]]
**[[Elaine massacre]]
*[[Will Lockett#Murder of Geneva Hardman and riots|1920 Lexington riots]]
*[[Revere Beach#Revere Beach riot of 1920|Revere Beach riot of 1920]]
*[[Zoot Suit riots]]
*[[1943 Detroit race riot]]
*[[Battle of Alcatraz]]
*[[Ole Miss riot of 1962]]
*[[Birmingham riot of 1963]]
*[[1967 Detroit riot]]
*1968 [[King assassination riots]] in [[1968 Washington, D.C. riots|Washington, D.C.]], [[1968 Chicago riots|Chicago]], and [[Baltimore riot of 1968|Baltimore]]
*1989 riots in the aftermath of [[Hurricane Hugo]]
*[[1992 Los Angeles riots]]
*2005 [[Effects of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans#Civil disturbances|civil disturbances]] after [[Hurricane Katrina]]
*[[United States racial unrest (2020–2023)|2020–2023 United States racial unrest]]
**[[George Floyd protests]]
*2021 [[2021 storming of the United States Capitol|Storming of the United States Capitol]]
*2025 [[June 2025 Los Angeles protests]]

==Miscellaneous==
*[[Pennamite–Yankee War]] (1769–1784)
*[[Oconee War]] (1784)
*[[Burr conspiracy]] (1804–1807)
*[[Chesapeake–Leopard affair|''Chesapeake''–''Leopard'' affair]] (1807)
*[[Little Belt affair|''Little Belt'' affair]] (1811)
*[[Railroad Wars]] (1853–1855)
*[[General Sherman incident|Sinking of the ''General Sherman'']] (1866)
*[[Fenian raids]] (1866)
*[[Brooks–Baxter War]] (1873)
*[[Virginius Affair|''Virginius'' affair]] (1873)
*[[Martyrs' Day (Panama)|Canal Zone Riots]] (1964)
*[[Kent State shootings]] (1970)
*[[War on Drugs]] (~1972–)
*[[Iran hostage crisis]] (1979–1981)
*[[USS Stark (FFG-31)|Iraqi attack on USS ''Stark'']] (1987)
*[[Waco siege]] (1993)
*[[Bundy standoff]] (2014)
*[[Occupation of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge]] (2016)

===Latter-day Saints===
*[[1838 Mormon War]]
*[[Utah War]] (1857–58)

===Republic of Texas===
*[[Texas Revolution]] (1835–36)
*[[Texan Santa Fe Expedition]] (1841)

==See also==
{|
|-
|valign=top|
*[[List of notable deployments of U.S. military forces overseas]]
*[[List of wars involving the United States]]
*[[American imperialism]]
*[[Awards and decorations of the United States military]]
*[[Declaration of war by the United States]]
*[[Foreign policy of the United States]]
*[[History of the Central Intelligence Agency]]
* [[List of the lengths of United States participation in wars]]
*[[Military history of the United States]]
*[[Military operations other than war (US)]]
*[[Monroe Doctrine]]
|valign=top|
*[[Foreign interventions by the United States]]
*[[Relative costs of American wars]]
*[[Territorial evolution of the United States]]
*[[Timeline of the War on Terror]]
*[[United States Armed Forces]]
*[[United States Department of Defense]]
*[[United States military casualties of war]]
*[[United States war crimes]]
|}

==References==
;Citations
{{CRS}}
{{reflist|40em}}

;Sources
*{{note label|Slave Traffic|Slave Traffic|Slave Traffic}} {{cite web
|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/slave.htm
|title=African Slave Trade Patrol – 1820–1861
|access-date=April 15, 2007
|publisher=GlobalSecurity.org
}}
*{{note label|Vandalia 1|Vandalia 1|Vandalia 1}} {{cite web
 |url         = http://www.historycentral.com/navy/MISC%202/vandalia.html
 |title       = Vandalia
 |access-date  = April 16, 2007
|publisher   = historycentral.com|url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20070503163235/http://www.historycentral.com/NAVY/MISC%202/vandalia.html
 |archive-date = May 3, 2007
|df          = mdy-all
}}
*{{note label|Vandalia 2|Vandalia 2|Vandalia 2}} {{cite web
|url=http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-usn/usnsh-v/vandla2.htm
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020404160116/http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-usn/usnsh-v/vandla2.htm
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=April 4, 2002
|title=USS Vandalia (1876–1889)
|access-date=April 16, 2007
|publisher=U.S. Department of the Navy – Naval Historical Center
}}
*{{note label|1859 Mexico|1859 Mexico|1859 Mexico}} {{cite web
|url=https://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/a_c/cortina.htm
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010309182152/http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/a_c/cortina.htm
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=March 9, 2001
|title=Juan Cortina (1824–1892)
|access-date=April 16, 2007
|publisher=PBS
}}
*{{note label|Vietnam timeline|Vietnam timeline|Vietnam timeline}} {{cite web
 |url         = http://www.landscaper.net/timelin.htm
 |title       = Vietnam War Timeline
 |access-date  = April 17, 2007
|publisher   = 7th Bn, 15th Arty Org
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20070416122046/http://www.landscaper.net/timelin.htm
 |archive-date = April 16, 2007
|df          = mdy-all
}}

==Further reading==
*Allan Reed Millet & Peter Maslowski ''For the Common Defense: A Military History of the United States.'' {{ISBN|978-0-02-921597-5}} Simon & Schumpeter Adult Publishing Group, 1994.
*Bill Yenne ''Indian Wars: The Campaign for the American West'' {{ISBN|1-59416-016-3}}, Wholesome, 2005
*Crandall, Russell (2006). ''Gunboat democracy: US interventions in the Dominican Republic, Grenada and Panama'' (Latham, Maryland: Rowman & Little-field Publishers).

==External links==
*[http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/26842/americas-wars-bloodiest-battles America's Wars: Bloodiest Battles] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100516104903/http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/26842/americas-wars-bloodiest-battles |date=May 16, 2010}} – slideshow by ''[[Life (magazine)|LIFE]]'' magazine
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050420054641/http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/crs/rl30172.htm Congressional Research Service report RL30172: Hundreds of instances of the employment of U.S. military forces abroad]
*[http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/people4/CJohnson/cjohnson-con0.html Conversations with History: Militarism and the American Empire] – With [[Chalmers Johnson]], President of the [[Japan Policy Research Institute]] – [[RealVideo]] format.
*[https://archive.today/20121205034909/http://www.history.navy.mil/wars/foabroad.htm Instances of Use of United States Forces Abroad, 1798–1993] by Ellen C. Collier, Specialist in U.S. Foreign Policy, Foreign Affairs and National Defense Division

{{American conflicts}}
{{US military navbox}}
{{Cold War}}
{{American Civil War}}
{{United States topics}}
{{Vietnam War graphical timeline}}

[[Category:History of the foreign relations of the United States]]
[[Category:United States military-related lists|History events]]
[[Category:United States military history timelines| ]]