View source for Timeline of Scottish history

{{short description|List of significant events in the history of Scotland}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2021}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}

This is a '''timeline of Scottish history''', comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Scotland and its predecessor states. See also [[Timeline of prehistoric Scotland]].

__NOTOC__
To read about the background to many of these events, see [[History of Scotland]]. More information can also be found in the [[list of Scottish monarchs]], [[list of British monarchs]], [[list of first ministers of Scotland]], and [[list of years in Scotland]].<ref>David Ross, ''Chronology of Scottish History'' (2002) has details for every year.</ref>

{{Dynamic list}}

<div class="toc"> '''Centuries''': [[#1st century|1st]]{{·}}[[#2nd century|2nd]]{{·}}[[#3rd century|3rd]]{{·}}[[#4th century|4th]]{{·}}[[#5th century|5th]]{{·}}[[#6th century|6th]]{{·}}[[#7th century|7th]]{{·}}[[#8th century|8th]]{{·}}[[#9th century|9th]]{{·}}[[#10th century|10th]]{{·}}[[#11th century|11th]]{{·}}[[#12th century|12th]]{{·}}[[#13th century|13th]]{{·}}[[#14th century|14th]]{{·}}[[#15th century|15th]]{{·}}[[#16th century|16th]]{{·}}[[#17th century|17th]]{{·}}[[#18th century|18th]]{{·}}[[#19th century|19th]]{{·}}[[#20th century|20th]]{{·}}[[#21st century|21st]]</div>

== 1st century ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:6en;align:right" | Year || style="width:15en" | Date || Event
|-
| 83/84
| || [[Roman Britain|Romans]] defeat [[Caledonians]] at the [[Battle of Mons Graupius]].
|}

== 2nd century ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:6en" | Year || style="width:15en" | Date || Event
|-
| 122 || || Romans construct [[Hadrian's Wall]].
|-
| 143 || || Romans construct [[Antonine Wall]].
|-
| 163 || || Romans withdraw south to [[Trimontium (Newstead)|Trimontium]] and [[Hadrian's Wall]].
|}

== 3rd century ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:6en" | Year || style="width:15en" | Date || Event
|-
| 300 || || The term [[Pict]] is first recorded in describing the federated tribes invaded by [[Constantius Chlorus]].
|}

== 4th century ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:6en" | Year || style="width:15en" | Date || Event
|-
| 397 || || Traditional date at which [[Saint Ninian]] establishes a Christian mission at [[Whithorn]].
|}

== 5th century ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:6en" | Year || style="width:15en" | Date || Event
|-
| 470 || || [[Votadini]] peoples form the kingdom of [[Gododdin]] in the region north of the [[River Tweed]].
|}

== 6th century ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:6en" | Year || style="width:15en" | Date || Event
|-
| 547 || || [[Angles (tribe)|Angles]] capture the Northumbrian fortress at [[Bamburgh]] and found the kingdom of [[Bernicia]].
|-
| 563 || || [[Saint Columba]] founds a monastery at [[Iona]] and begins his mission to the northern Picts.
|-
| 574 || || [[Áedán mac Gabráin]] begins reign over the [[Gaels|Gaelic]] kingdom of [[Dál Riata]].
|-
| 575 || ||  Western Scotland is granted independence from the Irish Dalriada, after a convention at Drum Ceatt near Derry.
|-
| 580 || || [[Riderch I of Alt Clut]] rules region later known as the kingdom of [[Kingdom of Strathclyde|Strathclyde]].
|-
| 584 || || [[Bridei I|Bruide, son of Maelchon]], dies.
|}

== 7th century ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:6en" | Year || style="width:15en" | Date || Event
|-
| 604 || || [[Æthelfrith]] unites [[Bernicia]] and [[Deira]] to form the kingdom of [[Northumbria]].
|-
| 638 || || [[Northumbria]]ns capture [[Edinburgh]] from Gododdin.
|-
| 680 || || [[Trumwine]] Bishop of [[Abercorn]].
|-
| 681 || || [[Bridei III|Bruide mac Bili]], King of [[Fortriu]], campaigns against Orkney.
|-
| 685 || || Pictish King Bruide mac Bili defeats [[Ecgfrith of Northumbria]] at the [[Battle of Dun Nechtain]], halting the northern expansion of Northumbria.
|-
| 693 || || Bruide mac Bili dies.
|-
| 697 || || [[Bruide mac Der-Ilei]] among the signatories of the [[Cáin Adomnáin]].
|}

== 8th century ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:6en" | Year || style="width:15en" | Date || Event
|-
| 717 || || [[Nechtan mac Der-Ilei]] expels [[Iona]]n clergy from Pictland and adopts Roman usages with the aid of Bishop [[Curetán]]; masons sent by Abbot [[Ceolfrid]] of [[Monkwearmouth-Jarrow Priory]] help build stone churches at [[Restenneth]], [[Rosemarkie]] and elsewhere in eastern Scotland.
|-
| 724 || || [[Drest VII|Drust]] and Nechtan mac Der-Ilei fight civil war (to 729).
|-
| 732 || || Death of Nechtan mac Der-Ilei; [[Óengus I|Óengus mac Fergusa]] becomes King of the Picts.
|-
| 735 || || Óengus mac Fergusa, King of the Picts, campaigns against Dál Riata, and seizes and burns the royal centre of [[Dunadd]].
|-
| 736 || || Battle of Cnoc Coirpi between Fortriu and Dál Riata.
|-
| 741 || || Battle of Druimm Cathmail between Fortriu and Dál Riata; the "smiting of Dál Riata", in which Dál Riata is subdued by Óengus mac Fergusa.
|-
| 747 || || [[St Andrews]] founded by this time, death of Abbot [[Túathalán]].
|-
| 750 || || Picts defeated by Britons at the Battle of Catohic.
|-
| 756 || || Óengus mac Fergusa allied with the English of Northumbria attacks the Britons; the English army is destroyed.
|-
| 761 || || Death of Óengus mac Fergusa.
|-
| 763 || || Battle takes place in Fortriu between [[Ciniod I of the Picts|Ciniod]] and [[Áed Find]]; result unknown.
|-
| 778 || || Death of Áed Find, King of Dál Riata.
|-
| 794 || || Annals of Ulster report the "wasting" of "all the islands of Britain by gentiles [Vikings]".
|}

== 9th century ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:6en" | Year || style="width:15en" | Date || Event
|-
| 802 || || Iona burned by [[Vikings]].
|-
| 806 || || The monasteries under Iona are attacked by Vikings, killing 68 monks.
|-
| 820 || || Death of [[Caustantín mac Fergusa]].
|-
| 829 || || Abbot [[Diarmait of Iona|Diarmait]], [[abbot of Iona]], goes to ''Alba'' with relics of St Columba.
|-
| 831 || || Diarmait of Iona goes to Ireland with relics of St Columba.
|-
| 839 || || [[Eóganan mac Óengusa]] and his brother Bran killed in battle with Vikings, end of dominance of [[Fortriu]].
|-
| 858 || || Death of [[Kenneth mac Alpin]], [[King of the Picts]]; "union of Picts and Scots" traditionally dated from his reign.
|-
| 870 || || Alt Clut—[[Dumbarton Rock]] — captured by the [[Norse-Gael]] or [[Viking]] leaders [[Amlaíb Conung]] and [[Ímar]] after a six-month of siege.
|-
| 878 || || Kenneth mac Alpin's son [[Áed of Scotland|Áed]] killed; [[Giric]] becomes king.
|-
| 889 || || Death of Giric; [[Domnall mac Causantín]], grandson of Kenneth, becomes king.
|-
| 890 || || The Strathclyde Britons are exiled to the [[Kingdom of Gwynedd|Gwynedd]] in Wales.
|}

== 10th century ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:6en" | Year || style="width:15en" | Date || Event
|-
| 900 || || [[Causantín mac Áeda]] succeeds Domnall mac Causantín.
|-
| 937 || || [[Battle of Brunanburh]] English victory in 937 by the army of Æthelstan, King of England, and his brother Edmund over the combined armies of Olaf III Guthfrithson, the Norse-Gael King of Dublin, Constantine II, King of Scots, and Owen I, King of Strathclyde.
|-
| 940 || || Saint [[Catroe of Metz]] leaves Scotland.
|-
| 943 || || Causantín mac Áeda abdicates to become a [[culdee]] at St Andrews.
|-
| 952 || || Death of Causantín mac Áeda.
|-
| 954 || || [[Indulf]] captures Edinburgh from Northumbria.
|}

== 11th century ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:6en" | Year || style="width:15en" | Date || Event
|-
| 1058 || || After defeating [[Mac Bethad]] and [[Lulach]], [[Máel Coluim III]] is proclaimed king.
|-
| 1012 || || [[Battle of Cruden Bay]]
|}

== 12th century ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:6en" | Year || style="width:10en" | Date || Event
|-
| 1124 || || [[David I of Scotland|David I]] becomes king and introduces the feudal system of landholding to much of Scotland.
|-
| 1128 || || David I founds [[Holyrood Abbey]] at Edinburgh.
|-
| 1136 || || [[Glasgow Cathedral]] (St Kentigern's, begun 1123) consecrated in the presence of David I.
|-
| 1153 || || [[Somerled]] sacks Glasgow and its vicinity.
|-
| 1156 || || Somerled defeats the Norse [[King of Mann and the Isles]], establishing his own semi-independent rule as ''ri Innse Gall''-King of the Hebrides.
|-
| 1164 || || Somerled is defeated by [[Malcolm IV]] in the [[Battle of Renfrew]].
|-
| 1174 || || [[William I of Scotland|William I]] signs the [[Treaty of Falaise]] in which he swears allegiance to [[Henry II of England]].
|}

== 13th century ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:6en" | Year || style="width:15en" | Date || Event
|-
| 1234 || || Galloway's independent existence ends with the death of [[Alan, Lord of Galloway]].
|-
| 1237 || || Southern border of Scotland established in the [[Treaty of York]].
|-
| 1263 || || Scots defeat Norwegians in the [[Battle of Largs]].
|-
| 1266 || || [[Norway]] cedes the [[Hebrides]] and [[Isle of Man]] to Scotland in the [[Treaty of Perth]].
|-
|1290
|
|[[Margaret, Maid of Norway]] dies in [[Orkney]].
|-
| 1292 || || [[Edward I of England]] intervenes in Scottish affairs and grants the Scottish throne to [[John Balliol]].
|-
| 1297 || || [[Andrew Moray|Andrew de Moravia]] and [[William Wallace]] lead the Scots to victory over England at [[Battle of Stirling Bridge|Stirling Bridge]].
|}

== 14th century ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:6en" | Year || style="width:15en" | Date || Event
|-
| 1305 || || [[William Wallace]] is executed in London.
|-
| 1314 || || [[Robert the Bruce]] defeats the English at [[Battle of Bannockburn|Bannockburn]].
|-
| 1320 || || Nobles assert Scottish independence in the [[Declaration of Arbroath]].
|-
| 1328 || || [[Treaty of Northampton]]. England recognises [[Scottish independence]].
|-
| 1329 || || Death of Robert the Bruce. His 5-year-old son, [[David II of Scotland|David II]] succeeds him.
|-
| 1371 || || [[Robert II of Scotland|Robert II]] becomes first [[House of Stuart|Stewart]] king.
|}

== 15th century ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:6en" | Year || style="width:15en" | Date || Event
|-
| 1402 || || English defeat Scots in the [[Battle of Nesbit Moor (1402)|Battle of Nesbit Moor]] and the [[Battle of Humbleton Hill]].
|-
| 1413 || || Foundation of the [[University of St Andrews]].
|-
| 1451 || || Establishment of the [[University of Glasgow]].
|-
| 1468 || || [[Denmark]] cedes [[Orkney]] and [[Shetland]] from [[Norway]] to Scotland.
|-
| 1488 || || [[James IV]] crowned after death of his father [[James III of Scotland]] in/after a rebellion—the [[Battle of Sauchieburn]].
|-
| 1493 || || [[Lordship of the Isles]] abolished.  In 1540 the title was reserved to the crown.
|-
| 1495 || || Creation of the [[University of Aberdeen]] (King's College).
|-
| 1496 || || [[Education Act 1496]] makes education compulsory for [[Baron#Scotland|baron]]s and wealthy landowners.
|}

== 16th century ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:6en" | Year || style="width:15en" | Date || Event
|-
| 1513 || || [[James IV]] and thousands of Scots are killed at [[Battle of Flodden]].
|-
| 1532 || || Creation of the [[College of Justice]] and the [[Court of Session]].
|-
| 1542 || || Death of [[James V]].
|-
| 1544 || || [[Burning of Edinburgh]] by an English army
|-
| 1547 || || [[Battle of Pinkie]] during the War of the [[Rough Wooing]].
|-
| 1559 || || [[John Knox]] returns to Scotland from [[Geneva]] to promote [[Calvinism]].
|-
| 1560 || || [[Scottish Reformation Parliament|Parliament]] legislates [[Scottish Reformation|Protestant Reformation]] of the [[Church of Scotland]].
|-
| 1561 || || [[Mary, Queen of Scots]] returns from France.
|-
| 1566 || || [[Baptism of James VI]] at Stirling
|-
| 1568 || || Mary, Queen of Scots flees to England following the defeat of her army at the [[Battle of Langside]].
|-
| 1579 || || [[James VI]] takes over government from his regent, [[James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton|James Douglas]].
|-
| 1582 || || Establishment of the [[University of Edinburgh]] by royal charter.
|-
| 1587 || || Mary is beheaded by the order of [[Queen Elizabeth I of England]].
|-
| 1589 || || James VI marries [[Anne of Denmark]] in Oslo.
|-
| 1590 || || [[Entry and coronation of Anne of Denmark]] in Edinburgh
|-
| 1592 || || James VI enacts the "Golden Act" recognising the power of [[Presbyterianism]] within the Scottish church.
|-
| 1594 || || [[Masque at the baptism of Prince Henry]] in Stirling
|}

== 17th century ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:6en" | Year || style="width:15en" | Date || Event
|-
| 1603 || || The [[Union of the Crowns]]: [[James VI]] of Scotland becomes [[James I of England]].
|-
| 1614 || || [[John Napier]] invents [[logarithm]]s and publishes a book promoting their use in mathematics.
|-
| 1618 || || [[James VI]] forces [[episcopacy]] on the [[Church of Scotland]] through the [[Five Articles of Perth]].
|-
| 1625 || || [[Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland]] is crowned.
|-
| 1633 || || [[Education Act 1633]] ordains a school in every [[Parish#Scotland|parish]] (partially successful).
|-
| 1638 || || Scottish [[Covenanter]]s rebel against [[Charles I of England|Charles I]].
|-
| 1639 || || The [[First Bishops' War]].
|-
| 1640 || || The [[Second Bishops' War]].
|-
| 1642 || || The [[First English Civil War]] started.
|-
| 1643 || || The ''[[Solemn League and Covenant]]'' promises Scots army to aid English parliamentarians against the king.
|-
| 1646 || || The [[First English Civil War]] ended.
|-
| 1648 || || The [[Second English Civil War]] started. 
|-
| 1649 || || The [[Second English Civil War]] ended. Charles I is executed—ending the monarchy until 1660.
|-
| 1649 || || The [[Third English Civil War]] started.
|-
| 1650 || || Southern Scotland occupied by the [[English Commonwealth]]'s [[New Model Army]] following Scottish defeats at the [[Battle of Dunbar (1650)|Battle of Dunbar 1650]] and the [[Battle of Hamilton]] during the [[Third English Civil War]]
|-
| 1651 ||{{nobr|3 September}}|| [[Battle of Worcester]] was a victory for New Model Army over the last major Royalist field army. Most of the Royalist officers and men who fought at Worcester were Scottish. For the next ten years, apart from some mopping up operations and a few insurrections, (all of which were easily suppressed) there was not further military resistance to rule from London.
|-
| 1651 || || The [[Third English Civil War]] ended.
|-
| 1654 ||5 May||[[Oliver Cromwell]] issued a proclamation at the [[Mercat Cross, Edinburgh|Mercat Cross]] in Edinburgh. Oliver Cromwell was the [[Lord Protector|Protector of England Ireland and Scotland]], that [[Tender of Union#Approval by the Lord Protector and Parliament|Scotland was united with the Commonwealth of England]] ([[Tender of Union]]) and there was a general pardon with some exceptions for the people of Scotland for any actions taken during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms ([[Cromwell's Act of Grace]]).
|-
| 1660 ||14 May|| [[Restoration (Scotland)|The monarchy is restored]] in Scotland and Scotland resumes its status as a separate kingdom.
|-
| 1661 ||May|| Four men were executed for high treason for their actions against [[the Crown]] during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. [[Archibald Campbell, 8th Earl of Argyll]], [[James Guthrie (Church of Scotland minister)|James Guthrie]], [[William Govan]] were all executed in May 1661 (the fourth [[Archibald Johnston, Lord Warriston]] fled abroad but returned to Scotland and was executed on 22 July 1663).
|-
| 1661 ||6 September ||The restoration of the [[Episcopacy]] was proclaimed by the Privy Council of Scotland.
|-
| 1662 || ||During the [[Parliament of Scotland|parliamentary]] session the [[Church of Scotland]] was restored as the national Church and all office-holders were required to renounce the [[Covenant (Scotland)|Covenant]].
|-
| 1662 ||9 September||The [[Scottish Parliament (pre-1707)|Scottish parliament]] passed the ''Act of indemnity and oblivion''. It was a general pardon for most types of crime that may have been committed by Scots, between 1 January 1637 and before 1 September 1660, during what the Act called "the late troubles" (the Wars of the Three Kingdoms and the [[Interregnum (England)|Interregnum]]).
|-
| 1679 || || [[James, Duke of Monmouth]] defeats Covenanters at the [[Battle of Bothwell Brig]].
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1689 || || [[Jacobite rising of 1689]] Highlanders defeat army of [[William III of England|William III]] at [[Battle of Killiecrankie|Killiecrankie]], but are halted at [[Battle of Dunkeld]].
|-
| || The [[Claim of Right]] and the re-establishment of Presbyterianism.
|-
| 1692 || || The [[Massacre of Glencoe]].
|-
| 1695 || || The [[Bank of Scotland]] is created by an Act of the [[Parliament of Scotland|Parliament]].
|-
| 1696 || || [[Education Act 1696]] ordains a school in every [[Parish#Scotland|parish]] (successful; act governs education until the 1872 act).
|-
| 1698 || || The Darien scheme was an unsuccessful attempt by the Kingdom of Scotland to establish a colony called "New Caledonia" on the Isthmus of Panama in the 1690s
|}

== 18th century ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:6en" | Year || style="width:15en" | Date || Event
|-
| 1707 || || The Union of the Parliaments: the [[Acts of Union 1707|Acts of Union]] are passed by both the Scottish and English parliaments.
|-
| 1715 || || [[Jacobite rising of 1715]].
|-
| 1745 || || [[Jacobite rising of 1745]].
|-
| 1746 || || The [[Battle of Culloden]] ends the [[Jacobite rising of 1745|last Jacobite rising]].
|-
| 1748 || || [[David Hume]] publishes ''[[An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding]]''.
|- January 25, 1759 the birth of Robert burns
| 1754 || || [[Joseph Black]] discovers "fixed air" ([[carbon dioxide]]).
|-
| 1768 || || The [[Encyclopædia Britannica First Edition]] commences publication.
|-
| 1769 || || [[James Watt]] patents idea for separate condensing chamber in the [[steam engine]].
|-
| 1775 || || Passage of the [[Colliers and Salters (Scotland) Act 1775]] commences the removal of life bondage of coal and salt workers.<ref>{{cite book|last=Mantoux|first=Paul|title=The Industrial Revolution in the Eighteenth Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5Q78AQAAQBAJ&q=Colliers+and+Salters+1775&pg=PA74|year=1964|publisher=Jonathan Cape|page=74|isbn=9781136585593}}</ref>
|-
| 1776 || || [[Adam Smith]] publishes ''[[The Wealth of Nations]]''.
|-
|}

== 19th century ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:6en" | Year || style="width:15en" | Date || Event
|-
| 1802 || || [[John Playfair]] publishes summary of [[James Hutton]]'s theories of geology.
|-
| 1805 || || ''[[The Glasgow Herald]]'' newspaper first published.
|-
| 1817 || || ''[[The Scotsman]]'' newspaper first published.
|-
| 1820 || || The "[[Radical War]]".
|-
| 1822 || || [[Visit of King George IV to Scotland]] organized by Sir [[Walter Scott]].
|-
| 1832 || || The [[Scottish Reform Act 1832|Reform Act]] enlarges the franchise.
|-
| 1843 || || The [[Disruption of 1843|Disruption]] in the [[Church of Scotland]] (over the issue of patronage).
|-
| 1846 || || Beginning of the ten-year [[Highland Potato Famine]].
|-
| 1847 || || The [[United Presbyterian Church of Scotland]] is established.
|-
| 1864 || || [[James Clerk Maxwell]] presents equations describing electromagnetic fields.
|-
| 1874 || || Patronage abolished in the [[Church of Scotland]].
|-
| 1878 || || Collapse of the [[City of Glasgow Bank]].
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1879 || || [[William Ewart Gladstone]] conducts the [[Midlothian campaign]] as part of a political comeback.
|-
| || The [[Tay Bridge disaster]].
|-
| 1885 || || Creation of the [[Scottish Office]] and the post of Secretary for Scotland, later [[Secretary of State for Scotland]].
|-
| 1890 || || Opening of the [[Forth Railway Bridge]].
|-
| 1896 || || Opening of the [[Glasgow Subway]].
|}

== 20th century ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:6en" | Year ||  | Date || Event
|-
|1919
|31 January
|The [[Battle of George Square]]
|-
| 1929 || || The [[Church of Scotland]] and the [[United Free Church of Scotland]] unite.
|-
| 1934 || || [[Scottish National Party]] founded.
|-
| 1938 || || The [[Empire Exhibition, Scotland]] is held at [[Bellahouston Park]], Glasgow.
|-
| 1941 || || The [[Clydebank Blitz]] (13–15 March).
|-
| 1943 || || Creation of the [[North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board]] to bring electricity to all parts of the Highlands and Islands.
|-
| 1945 || || First [[Scottish National Party|Scottish Nationalist]] [[Member of Parliament|MP]] is elected.
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1947 || || Nationalisation of the railways – the [[Scottish Region of British Railways]] is created.
|-
| || The first [[Edinburgh International Festival]] is held.
|-
| 1950 || || The [[Stone of Scone|Stone of Destiny]] is removed from [[Westminster Abbey]].
|-
| 1957 || || [[Scottish Television]] starts broadcasting.
|-
| 1968 || || The [[General Assembly of the Church of Scotland]] permits the ordination of women as ministers.
|-
| 1975 || || [[Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973|Local government reorganisation]] (replacing Counties and Burghs for administrative purposes with Regions and Districts).
|-
| 1978 || || Launch of [[BBC Radio Scotland]].
|-
| 1979 || || [[Referendum]] to create a Scottish Assembly wins a majority but fails to win 40% of electorate. Act is therefore repealed without being put into effect.
|-
| 1988 || || Terrorists blow up [[Pan Am Flight 103]] over [[Lockerbie]] with the loss of 270 lives, including 11 residents of the town.
|-
| 1995 || || [[Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994|Local government reorganisation]] (replacing the Regions and Districts with single-tier councils).
|-
| 1996 || || The [[Stone of Scone|Stone of Destiny]] is permanently returned to Scotland, to be housed in [[Edinburgh Castle]].
|-
| 1997 || || Newly elected [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] [[UK Government]] under the leadership of Scots-born Prime Minister [[Tony Blair]] legislates for a referendum on a devolved [[Scottish Parliament]] which is passed by a large majority.
|-
| 1999 || || A [[Scottish Parliament]] sits for the first time in 272 years. [[Donald Dewar]] of the [[Scottish Labour Party]] elected as [[First Minister of Scotland|First Minister]] and forms [[Scottish Executive]] in coalition with the [[Scottish Liberal Democrats]].
|}

== 21st century ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:6en" | Year || style="width:15en" | Date || Event
|-
| 2004 ||9 October || Opening of the new [[Scottish Parliament Building]].
|-
| 2007 || || The [[Scottish National Party]] become the largest party in the Scottish Parliament and forms a minority government. [[Alex Salmond]] becomes the [[First Minister of Scotland]], the first nationalist politician to serve as first minister.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Leith |first1=Murray |title=Alex Salmond: Scotland's first nationalist leader and a tireless campaigner for independence |url=https://theconversation.com/alex-salmond-scotlands-first-nationalist-leader-and-a-tireless-campaigner-for-independence-241222 |website=The Conversation |access-date=27 January 2025 |date=12 October 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 2011 || || The [[Scottish National Party]] under [[Alex Salmond]] gain an overall majority of the [[Scottish Parliament]].
|-
| 2013 || || The [[Church of Scotland]]'s ruling General Assembly votes to allow actively gay men and women to become ministers.
|-
| 2014 ||18 September || Scotland has a [[2014 Scottish independence referendum|referendum on regaining national independence]]. The result is to remain a [[Countries of the United Kingdom|country of the UK]], by 55% to 45%.
|-
| 2014 ||19 September || [[Alex Salmond]] announces his resignation as first minister following defeat in the independence referendum the day prior. 
|-
| 2014 ||20 November || [[Nicola Sturgeon]] becomes first minister and leader of the Scottish National Party (SNP), becoming the first female politician to serve as first minister of Scotland and leader of the SNP.<ref>{{cite web |title=First Minister tenders resignation to the King |url=https://www.gov.scot/news/first-minister-tenders-resignation-to-the-king/ |website=www.gov.scot |access-date=27 January 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2015 
| || The [[Scottish National Party]] wins 4.7% of the popular vote in the UK General Election, securing 56 out of the 59 seats in Scotland out of 650 seats in total across the UK.
|-
| 2022 || 8 September || The longest reigning monarch of the [[United Kingdom]], [[Elizabeth II]], [[Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II|dies]] at [[Balmoral Castle]] in [[Aberdeenshire]].
|-
| 2023 || 15 February || [[Nicola Sturgeon]] announces resignation as [[First Minister of Scotland]] and leadership of the [[Scottish National Party]].
|-
| 2023 || 28 March || [[Humza Yousaf]] is elected as the [[First Minister of Scotland]] and new leader of [[Scottish National Party]] in the first contested leadership election in the SNP in nearly twenty years.
|-
| 2024 || 4 July || The [[Scottish Labour Party]] wins 40% of the popular vote in Scotland in the UK General Election and became the largest party in the [[UK Parliament]] in terms of Scottish seats.
|-
| 2025 || 23 January || The [[Scottish Government]] send an emergency alert to the public ahead of Storm Éowyn. The alert was sent to the mobile phones of around 4.5 million people.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brown |first1=Mark |last2=Brooks |first2=Libby |last3=O'Carroll |first3=Lisa |title=Storm Éowyn: 4.5m people receive siren phone alert in Scotland and Northern Ireland |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2025/jan/23/storm-eowyn-red-weather-warning |website=The Guardian |access-date=27 January 2025 |date=23 January 2025}}</ref> The [[Scottish Government Resilience Room]] (SGoRR) is activated by first minister [[John Swinney]] to co-ordinate the governments response to the approaching storm.<ref>{{cite web |title=Severe weather expected across Scotland |url=https://www.gov.scot/news/severe-weather-expected-across-scotland/ |website=www.gov.scot |access-date=27 January 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2025 || 24 January || [[Storm Éowyn]] hits the country. The [[Met Office]] issued a rare Red weather warning for strong winds. Winds in excess of 100mph were recorded around the country, and was described at the "worst storm to hit Scotland in 13 years".<ref>{{cite web |title=Storm Éowyn to be 'most destructive' in Scotland for 13 years |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cm23l8x85ndo |website=BBC News |access-date=27 January 2025 |date=23 January 2025}}</ref>  
|}

== See also ==
*[[Scottish monarchs' family tree|Kings of Scotland family tree]]
* [[Timeline of British history]]
*[[Timeline of prehistoric Scotland]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

{{History of Scotland|bar=yes}}
{{Kingdom of Scotland}}
{{Scotland topics}}
{{United Kingdom topics}}

[[Category:Scottish history timelines| ]]