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__NOTOC__<div class="toc"> '''Millennia''': [[#1st millennium BC|1st <small>BC</small>]]{{·}}[[#1st millennium|1st]]{{·}}[[#2nd millennium|2nd]]{{·}}[[#3rd millennium|3rd]]</div>This is a '''timeline of Romanian history''', comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Romania and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see [[History of Romania]].<div class="toc">'''Centuries''': [[#5th century BC|5th BC]]{{·}}[[#4th century BC|4th BC]]{{·}}[[#3rd century BC|3rd BC]]{{·}}[[#2nd century BC|2nd BC]]{{·}}[[#1st century BC|1st BC]]{{·}}[[#1st century|1st]]{{·}}[[#2nd century|2nd]]{{·}}[[#3rd century|3rd]]{{·}}[[#4th century|4th]]{{·}}[[#5th century|5th]]{{·}}[[#6th century|6th]]{{·}}[[#7th century|7th]]{{·}}[[#8th century|8th]]{{·}}[[#9th century|9th]]{{·}}[[#10th century|10th]]{{·}}[[#11th century|11th]]{{·}}[[#12th century|12th]]{{·}}[[#13th century|13th]]{{·}}[[#14th century|14th]]{{·}}[[#15th century|15th]]{{·}}[[#16th century|16th]]{{·}}[[#17th century|17th]]{{·}}[[#18th century|18th]]{{·}}[[#19th century|19th]]{{·}}[[#20th century|20th]]{{·}}[[#21st century|21st]]</div>

== 1st millennium BC ==
<div class="toc">'''Centuries''': [[#5th century BC|5th BC]]{{·}}[[#4th century BC|4th BC]]{{·}}[[#3rd century BC|3rd BC]]{{·}}[[#2nd century BC|2nd BC]]{{·}}[[#1st century BC|1st BC]]</div>

=== 5th century BC ===
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
|440 BC
|
| [[Herodotus]] in [[Histories (Herodotus)|Histories]] is the first to mention [[Dacians]] as living on the territory of modern-day Romania.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://classics.mit.edu/Herodotus/history.mb.txt | title=The History of Herodotus | author=Herodotus | access-date=2024-08-16}}</ref>{{sfn|Herodotus|440 BC|loc=4.93–4.97}}
|-
|5th century
|
| [[Charnabon]], king of the [[Getae]].
|}

=== 4th century BC ===
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
|4th century 
|
| [[Cothelas]], King of the [[Getae]].<ref>Atlas of Classical History by R. Talbert, 1989, page 63, "Getae under Cothelas"</ref>
|-
|339 BC
|
| Rex Histrianorum, ruling over Histria, is mentioned by Trogus Pompeius și Justinus.{{citation needed|date=January 2020}} 
|-
| rowspan="5" |4th century
|
|The Getae silver [[Helmet of Agighiol]].
|-
|
| The Geto-Dacian [[Helmet of Coțofenești]].
|-
|
| The Geto-Dacian [[Helmet of Iron Gates]].
|-
|
| The Geto-Dacian Helmet of Făcău-Bulbucata.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.academia.edu/25500761|title = Civilizația geto-dacică (I). Arme și echipamente din patrimoniul Muzeului Național de Istorie a României|last1 = Marcu|first1 = Marius C.|last2 = Cătălin|first2 = Borangic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://identitatea.ro/coiful-de-lupta-antic-geto-dacic/|title = Coiful de luptă antic geto – dacic de la Făcău – Bulbucata (Jud. Giurgiu)|date = December 18, 2018}}</ref>
|-
|
|The Geto-Dacian [[Helmet of Peretu]].<ref>MOSCALU, E., Das thrako-getische Fürstengrab von Peretu in Rumänien. Bericht der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission 70, 1989 (1990) pp. 129–190.</ref>
|}

=== 3rd century BC ===
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
|c. 300 BC
|
| King [[Dromichaetes]] ruled both sides of the river [[Danube]].<ref>Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization by Ioana A Oltean, 2007, Index Dromichaetes King of the Getians</ref>
|-
|
|
| King [[Moskon]] ruled the northern parts of [[Dobruja]].<ref>Radu Ocheșeanu, Monedele basileului Moskon aflate în colecțiile Muzeului de arheologie Constanța (=Coins of Basileus Moskon in the collections of the Archaeological Museum at Constantza), în Pontica 3 (1970), p. 125-128.</ref>{{better source needed|date=September 2018}}
|}

=== 2nd century BC ===
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| rowspan="4" valign="top" | c. 200 <small>BC</small>
|
|King [[Rhemaxos]] protected Greek colonies in Dobruja.<ref>Kurt W. Treptow and Ioan Bolovan in "A history of Romania – East European Monographs", 1996, {{ISBN|9780880333450}}, page 17 "..Two inscriptions discovered at Histria indicate that Geto-Dacian rulers (Zalmodegikos and later Rhemaxos) continued to exercise control over that city-state around 200 BC ...."</ref><ref>The Hellenistic Age from the Battle of Ipsos to the Death of Kleopatra VII by Stanley M. Burstein, 1985, Index Rhemaxos Getic or Scythian ruler</ref>
|}

=== 1st century BC ===
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| rowspan="3" valign="top" | 100 <small>BC</small> || || King [[Dicomes]] ruled [[Dacia]].<ref>Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization by Ioana A Oltean, 2007, page 47, "Dicomes of the Getians"</ref>
|-
| || King [[Rholes]] ruled Dobruja.<ref name="kamm">{{cite book |last=Kamm |first=Antony |url=https://archive.org/details/romansintroducti0000kamm/page/49 |title=The Romans |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=1995 |isbn=0-415-12039-X |pages=[https://archive.org/details/romansintroducti0000kamm/page/49 49]}}</ref>
|-
| || King [[Dapyx]] ruled Dobruja.{{citation needed|date=September 2018}}
|-
| [[82 BC|82 <small>BC</small>]] || || King [[Burebista]] rules Dacia. (to 44 <small>BC</small>){{citation needed|date=September 2018}}
|-
| [[44 BC|44 <small>BC</small>]] || || [[Deceneus]] is High Priest of Dacia. (to 27 <small>BC</small>){{citation needed|date=September 2018}}
|-
| 40 <small>BC</small> || || King [[Cotiso]] ruled [[Banat]] and [[Oltenia]]. (to 9 <small>BC</small>){{citation needed|date=September 2018}}
|-
| [[29 BC|29 <small>BC</small>]] || || King [[Zyraxes]] ruled northern Dobruja. (to 27 <small>BC</small>){{citation needed|date=September 2018}}
|-
| [[9 BC|9 <small>BC</small>]] || || King [[Comosicus]] ruled Dacia. (to <small>AD</small> 30){{citation needed|date=September 2018}}
|}
{{anchor|1st millennium}}

== 1st millennium ==
<div class="toc">'''Centuries''': [[#1st century|1st]]{{·}}[[#2nd century|2nd]]{{·}}[[#3rd century|3rd]]{{·}}[[#4th century|4th]]{{·}}[[#5th century|5th]]{{·}}[[#6th century|6th]]{{·}}[[#7th century|7th]]{{·}}[[#8th century|8th]]{{·}}[[#9th century|9th]]{{·}}[[#10th century|10th]]</div>

=== 1st century ===
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| [[AD 30|30]] || || King [[Scorilo]] ruled Dacia. (to 70){{citation needed|date=September 2018}}
|-
| [[AD 68|68]] || || King [[Duras (Dacian king)|Duras]] ruled Dacia. (to 87){{citation needed|date=September 2018}}
|-
| [[AD 86|86]] || || Roman Emperor [[Domitian]] loses war with the Kingdom of Dacia. (to 88){{citation needed|date=September 2018}}
|-
| [[AD 87|87]] || || King [[Decebalus]] ruled Dacia. (to 106){{citation needed|date=September 2018}}
|}

=== 2nd century ===
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| 101 || || [[First Dacian War|First war between the Roman Empire]] and Dacia which ended in an unfavorable peace treaty for emperor [[Trajan]]. (to 102){{citation needed|date=September 2018}}
|-
| 105 || || Peace broken, King Decebalus loses [[Second Dacian War]], the south-west part of Dacia becomes a [[Roman province]]. (to 106){{citation needed|date=September 2018}}
|-
| 170 || || The [[Costoboci]] tribe invades Roman territory.{{sfn|Cortés|1995|pp=191–193}}{{sfn|Kovács|2009|p=198}}{{sfn|Birley|2000|p=168}}{{sfn|Kovács|2009|p=198}}{{sfn|Scheidel|1990}}{{sfn|Croitoru|2009|p=402}} Meeting little opposition, they swept through and raided the provinces of [[Moesia Inferior]], [[Moesia Superior]], [[Thracia (Roman province)|Thracia]], [[Macedonia (Roman province)|Macedonia]] and [[Achaea (Roman province)|Achaea]].{{sfn|Birley|2000|p=165}}{{sfn|Croitoru|2009|p=402}}{{sfn|Johnson|2011|p=206}} (to 171)
|-
| 177 || || Written on bronze tablets, the Roman laws of Troesmis attest the joint rule of Roman emperors [[Marcus Aurelius]] and [[Commodus]].<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.digi24.ro/special/campanii-digi24/romania-furata/romania-furata-cine-are-interesul-sa-continue-furturile-de-aur-din-siturile-arheologice-897457 |title = România furată. Cine are interesul să continue furturile din siturile arheologice| date=March 18, 2018 }}</ref><ref>[http://revistapeuce.icemtl.ro/wp-content/uploads/Arhiva-Peuce-Serie-noua/11-Peuce-SN-XII-2014/09-Alexandrescu-Gugl-Peuce-SN-12-2014ca.pdf Cristina-Georgeta Alexandrescu, Christian Gugl, ''Troesmis și romanii la Dunărea de Jos. Proiectul Troesmis 2010–2013'']</ref> (to 180)
|-
| rowspan="5" valign="top" | 200 || || [[Pieporus]] is king over the Dacian [[Costoboci]] (see [[Costoboci#Onomastics]]).<ref>Wilhelm Tomachek in "Les restes de la langue dace" published in "Le Muséon By Société des lettres et des sciences, Louvain, Belgium, page 407 "Pieporus, prince des daces Costoboces..."</ref><ref>Gudmund Schütte in Ptolemy's maps of northern Europe, H. Hagerup, 1917 page 82 "historical king Pieporus. The same author Schütte in "Our forefathers" published by University Press, 1929 page 74 "The North Dacian tribes of the Koistobokoi and Karpoi unlike the rest of Dacia escaped the Roman conquest of AD 105..."</ref>{{better source needed|date=September 2018}}
|-
| || Tribal king [[Tarbus]] is mentioned by [[Dio Cassius]] without having his origin specified. Some authors consider a possible Dacian ethnicity<ref>Wilhelm Tomachek (1883): "Les restes de la langue dace" published in "Le Muséon By Société des lettres et des sciences, Louvain, Belgium, page 409</ref><ref>Batty, Roger (2007): ''Rome and the Nomads: the Pontic-Danubian realm in antiquity'', Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|0-19-814936-0}}, {{ISBN|978-0-19-814936-1}}, page 366</ref>
|}

=== 3rd century ===
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| 260 || || After the defeat and capture of Roman emperor [[Valerian (emperor)|Valerian]], [[Dacians|Dacian]] general [[Regalianus]] became Roman emperor for a brief period.<ref name=Akerman>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z-NCAAAAIAAJ&q=Regalianus&pg=PA80|title=A descriptive catalogue of rare and unedited Roman coins:from the earliest period of the Roman coinage, to the extinction of the empire under Constantinus Paleologos|first=John Yonge |last=Akerman|page=80|year=1834}}</ref>
|-
| 271 || || [[Roman withdrawal from Dacia]] occurs under Roman emperor [[Aurelian]]us after 169 years of rule. (to 275){{citation needed|date=September 2018}}
|}

=== 4th century ===
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| 305 || May || [[Galerius]], born in [[Sofia|Serdica]]<ref name="thelatinlibrary.com">[http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/eutropius/eutropius9.shtml#22 Eutropius. Breviarivm historiae romanae, IX, 22] {{in lang|la}}</ref> ([[Sofia]], [[Bulgaria]]), whose mother had fled from Dacia Traiana, becomes and rules as [[Roman Emperor]]. He is also awarded six [[Carpicus Maximus]] titles after winning six battles against the [[Carpi (people)|Carps]].<ref>[http://oracle-vm.ku-eichstaett.de:8888/epigr/epieinzel_en?p_belegstelle=CIL+03%2C+06979&r_sortierung=Belegstelle CIL III.6979]</ref> Galerius died in late April or early May 311<ref>{{citation | last = Corcoran | first = Simon | title = The empire of the tetrarchs: imperial pronouncements and government, AD 284–324 | page = 187}}</ref> from a horribly gruesome disease described by [[Eusebius]]<ref>Eusebius, ''[[Church History (Eusebius)|Historia Ecclesiae]]'' 352–356</ref> and [[Lactantius]],<ref>Lactantius, ''De Mortibus Persecutorum'' 33</ref> possibly some form of [[Colorectal cancer|bowel cancer]], [[gangrene]] or [[Fournier gangrene]]. (to 311)
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 308 || || Dacian-born [[Maximinus II]] (Galerius' nephew) becomes Roman Emperor. He competed with [[Licinius]] in the [[Civil wars of the Tetrarchy]]. He ruled together with other Roman Emperors as per the [[Civil wars of the Tetrarchy]].{{citation needed|date=March 2018}} (to 313)
|-
| || [[Licinius I]], born to peasant family which had fled from Dacia Traiana,<ref name=Jones509>{{cite book |last1=Jones |first1=A.H.M. |last2=Martindale |first2=J.R. |title=The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Vol. I: AD260-395 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1971 |page=509}}</ref><ref name=DiMaio>{{cite web |url=http://www.roman-emperors.org/licinius.htm |last=DiMaio |first=Michael Jr. |title=Licinius (308–324 A.D.) |work=De Imperatoribus Romanis |date=February 23, 1997}}</ref> becomes Roman Emperor of the eastern part of the [[Roman Empire]]. He was the childhood friend of the Roman Emperor [[Galerius]]. (to 324)
|-
| 311 || || Galerius signs the [[Edict of Serdica]] (modern day [[Sofia]], Bulgaria) thus officially ending the [[Diocletianic persecution]] of Christianity in the East two years before the Edict of Milan being the first edict legalizing Christianity.<ref name="Gibbon2008">{{cite book|author=Edward Gibbon|title=The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pksA7j6ZXLgC&pg=PA132|date=January 1, 2008|publisher=Cosimo, Inc.|isbn=978-1-60520-122-1|pages=132–}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" valign="top" | 313 || || Shortly before [[Maximinus II]]'s death at Tarsus, while previously persecuting Christians and opposing the Edict of Serdica, he issued an edict of tolerance on his own, granting Christians the rights of assembling, of building churches, and the restoration of their confiscated properties.<ref>''[[Church History (Eusebius)|Ecclesiastical History]]'', X, 7–11</ref>
|-
| February || Licinius I co-authored the [[Edict of Milan]] with Roman Emperor [[Constantine I]] thus bestowing legal status on the Christian religion. Christianity was later made the official religion of the Roman Empire under Roman Emperor [[Theodosius I]] in 380.
|-
| || According to [[Lactantius]]' literary chronicle [[De mortibus Persecutorum]], Galerius affirms his Dacian (Thracian<ref name="thelatinlibrary.com"/>) identity by avowing himself the enemy of the Roman name once made emperor, even proposing that the empire should be called the "Dacian Empire". He exhibited anti-Roman attitude as soon as he had attained the highest power, treating the Roman citizens with ruthless cruelty, like the conquerors treated the conquered, all in the name of the same treatment that the victorious Trajan had applied to the conquered Dacians, forefathers of Galerius, two centuries before.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Leadbetter |first1=William Lewis |title=Galerius and the Will of Diocletian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QBBjy7l-NWQC&q=dacian+empire |via=Google Books |access-date=September 21, 2018 |page=number unavailable in preview |format=eBook |year=2009 |publisher=Routledge |quote=Lactantius, for example, noted that Galerius intended to change the name of the Empire from "Roman" to "Dacian", and was an enemry of tradition and culture (22.4).|isbn=9781135261320 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Schaff |first1=Philip |title=Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume 7 |url=http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf07.iii.v.xxvii.html?highlight=dacian#highlight |publisher=Christian Classics Ethereal Library |access-date=September 21, 2018 |page=Chapter 27 |format=eBook |year=1885 |quote=Long ago, indeed, and at the very time of his obtaining sovereign power, he (Galerius) had avowed himself the enemy of the Roman name; and he proposed that the empire should be called, not the Roman, but the Dacian empire}}</ref> (to 316)
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 317 || || Roman emperor [[Constantine I the Great]] is awarded the title [[Carpicus Maximus]] after winning a battle against the [[Carpi (people)|Carps]].<ref>[http://oracle-vm.ku-eichstaett.de:8888/epigr/epieinzel_en?p_belegstelle=CIL+08%2C+08412&r_sortierung=Belegstelle CIL VIII.8412]</ref>
|-
| March 1 || [[Licinius II]] (Licinius I's son) serves in the [[Eastern Roman Empire]] with the rank of [[Caesar]] as per the inscription "LICINIUS IUNior NOBilissimus CAESar" which translates as 'Licinius Junior Most Noble Caesar'. (to 324)
|-
| 324 || || Constantine I defeats Licinius I at the [[Battle of Chrysopolis]] and becomes Roman Emperor during the [[Civil wars of the Tetrarchy]].
|-
| 325 || || Licinius I is hanged by Constantine due to being accused of conspiring to raise troops among the barbarians.<ref name=Gibbon>{{cite book |last=Gibbon |first=Edward |author-link=Edward Gibbon |title=The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire |volume=II |year=1776 |chapter=Chapter XIV}}</ref>
|-
| 326 || || Licinius II is killed by the Roman Emperor Constantine, probably in the context of the execution of Caesar [[Crispus]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Grant |first=Michael |year=1993 |title=The Emperor Constantine |isbn=0-7538-0528-6 |pages=47–48}}</ref>
|-
| 333 || || The [[Itinerarium Burdigalense]] mentions Troesmis.<ref name="ReferenceA">Laura-Diana Cizer, Toponimia județului Tulcea: considerații sincronice și diacronice, 303 pag., Editura Lumen, 2012</ref> (to 334)
|-
| 353 || || The Roman soldier and historian [[Ammianus Marcellinus]] places the [[Carps]] as living inside the Roman Empire.<ref>Ammianus XXVIII.1.5; XXVII.5.5</ref> (to 378)
|-
| 370 || || [[Alaric I]] is born on [[Peuce Island]], Dobruja, modern-day [[Romania]]. He later led the [[Goths]] in the [[Sack of Rome (410)]].
|-
| 381 || || The Byzantine chronicler [[Zosimus (historian)|Zosimus]] records an invasion over the Danube by a barbarian coalition of [[Huns]], [[Sciri]] and what he terms Karpodakai, or [[Carpo-Dacians]], as being defeated by emperor [[Theodosius]].<ref>Zosimus, Historia Nova, IV (114)</ref>
|-
| 390 || || The [[Notitia Dignitatum]] mentions the presence of the commander of the [[Roman Legion]] [[Legio II Herculia]] in Troesmis.<ref name="perseus.tufts.edu">{{Cite web | url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Ov.+Pont.+4.9.75&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0493 | title=P. Ovidius Naso, Ex Ponto, book 4, poem 9}}</ref><ref name="quod.lib.umich.edu">{{Cite book | url=https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A08628.0001.001/1:4.4.9?rgn=div3;view=fulltext |title = Ovid de Ponto Containing foure books of elegies. Written by him in Tomos, a citie of Pontus, in the foure last yeares of his life, and so dyed there in the seaventh yeare of his banishment from Rome. Translated by W.S}}</ref><ref name="TOCILESCU 1883a, p. 101">TOCILESCU 1883a, p. 101</ref><ref name= "revistapontica.files.wordpress.com">{{Cite web | url=https://revistapontica.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/pontica-43-pag-435-469.pdf | first=Gheorghe | last=Mănucu-Adameșteanu | title=Comuna Turtucoaia, punct Iglița, cetățile Troesmis est și Troesmis vest. Considerații privind locuirea medio – bizantină din secolele X-XIII | language=ro | trans-title=Turtucoaia commune, Iglița point, Troesmis est and Troesmis vest fortresses. Considerations regarding the mid-Byzantine habitation from the 10th-13th centuries}}</ref><ref>NDOr. 39, 23 and 29: Trosmis, 31: Iprosmis</ref>
|-
| 393 || || A coin bearing the name of the [[Western Roman Emperor]] [[Honorius (emperor)|Honorius]] was found in a grave at Troesmis.<ref name="revistapontica.files.wordpress.com"/> (to 395)
|-
| rowspan="3" valign="top" | 400 || || [[Tabula Peutingeriana]] shows about 88 localities, the names of some of which were still [[Dacians|Dacian]] at the time of its compiling as they end in -dava. 20 of them are still inhabited today, and 6 of them still retain the same name, or, incorporate their original names into their current name.
|-
| || A paleo-Christian [[basilica]] was discovered in [[Niculițel]] in the spot named "La Plăcintă". Coins from between 330 and 354 were discovered, as were 5th-century modifications to the basilica. While a specific end date for the use of the basilica could not be determined, a couple of 10th century submerged dwellings were discovered as having been dug in the NV corner of the nave which concludes that the basilica was in disarray by the 10th century. Under the altar there is a crypt which housed the bones of the martyrs whose names were written on the sidewalls.<ref name="cronica">{{cite web|title=Archaeological Excavations in Romania, 1983–2012, Preliminary Archaeological Reports, Archaeological Excavation Report|url=http://cronica.cimec.ro/detail.asp?k=127|publisher=CIMEC|access-date=May 28, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The paleo-Christian basilica from Niculițel|url=http://ran.cimec.ro/sel.asp?descript=niculitel-niculitel-tulcea-basilica-paleo-crestina-de-la-niculitel-la-placinta-cod-sit-ran-161044.07&Lang=EN|website=National Archaeological Record of Romania|publisher=Romanian Ministry of Culture|access-date=May 28, 2018}}</ref><ref>Lista monumentelor istorice 2004, MO nr. 646 bis/16/07/2004, Ordinul ministrului culturii și cultelor nr. 2.314/2004, vol. III, 2004, 2271, poz. 283 [Ordin MCC] (site record source)</ref><ref name="ReferenceB">DMASI, Proiectul Listei Monumentelor Istorice, 1991 [Proiect LMI] (site record source)</ref> (to 600)
|-
| || A paleo-Christian basilica was discovered in the [[Adamclisi]] fortress.<ref>{{cite web|title=National Archaeological Record of Romania|url=http://ran.cimec.ro/sel.asp?descript=adamclisi-adamclisi-constanta-basilica-extra-muros-de-la-adamclisi-cod-sit-ran-60892.14&Lang=EN|website=CIMEC|publisher=Romanian Ministry of Culture|access-date=May 28, 2018}}</ref> (to 600)
|-
| 4th century || || The [[Biertan Donarium]] was made.
|}

=== 5th century ===
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| rowspan="10" valign="top" | 500 || || A 5th century burial contained a Roman type brooch.<ref name="www.worldhistory.org">{{Cite web |last=Dumitru |first=Adrian |title=Dacia |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/dacia/ |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref><ref name="DUMITRU, A. 2011">DUMITRU, A. (April 28, 2011). Dacia. Ancient History Encyclopedia</ref>
|-
| || At [[Napoca (ancient city)|Napoca]], cross-dating using pottery remains infers a post-Roman date for the construction of a Roman styled porticus.<ref name="www.worldhistory.org"/><ref name="DUMITRU, A. 2011"/>
|-
| || At [[Porolissum]], red-slipped ware (terra sigillata Porolissensis) has been found in a post-Roman (re)construction phase of the forum.<ref name="www.worldhistory.org"/><ref name="DUMITRU, A. 2011"/>
|-
| || At [[Potaissa]], burials containing iron buckles, flint-steel, gold and silver jewelry, amber and embroidery beads have been excavated.<ref name="www.worldhistory.org"/><ref name="DUMITRU, A. 2011"/>
|-
| || A 5th–6th century small basilica was discovered in the west sector of the Tomis citadel in modern-day [[Constanța]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The small basilica from Tomis|url=http://ran.cimec.ro/sel.asp?descript=constanta-municipiul-constanta-constanta-basilica-mica-de-la-tomis-cod-sit-ran-60428.06&Lang=EN|website=National Archaeological Record of Romania|publisher=Romanian Ministry of Culture|access-date=May 28, 2018}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceB"/><ref>Lista Monumentelor Istorice, MO nr. 646 bis/16/07/2004, Ordinul ministrului culturii și cultelor nr. 2.314/2004, vol. II, București, 2004, p. 931, poz. 3 [Ordin MCC] (site record source)</ref> (to 600)
|-
| || A 5th–6th century bigger basilica was discovered in the west sector of the Tomis citadel in modern-day [[Constanța]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The big basilica at Tomis|url=http://ran.cimec.ro/sel.asp?descript=constanta-municipiul-constanta-constanta-basilica-mare-de-la-tomis-cod-sit-ran-60428.05&Lang=EN|website=National Archaeological Record of Romania|publisher=Romanian Ministry of Culture|access-date=May 28, 2018}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceB"/><ref>Lista Monumentelor Istorice, MO nr. 646 bis/16/07/2004, Ordinul ministrului culturii și cultelor nr. 2.314/2004, vol. II, București, 2004, p. 931, poz. 2 [Ordin MCC] (site record source)</ref> (to 600)
|-
| || Another 5th–6th century Christian basilica was discovered in the Tomis citadel, modern-day [[Constanța]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Christian Basilica at Tomis|url=http://ran.cimec.ro/sel.asp?descript=constanta-municipiul-constanta-constanta-basilica-crestina-de-la-tomis-cod-sit-ran-60428.07&Lang=EN|website=National Archaeological Record of Romania|publisher=Romanian Ministry of Culture|access-date=May 28, 2018}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceB"/><ref>Lista Monumentelor Istorice, MO nr. 646 bis/16/07/2004, Ordinul ministrului culturii și cultelor nr. 2.314/2004, vol. II, București, 2004, p. 931, poz. 4 [Ordin MCC] (site record source)</ref> (to 600)
|-
| || A crypt is all that is left of a paleo-Christian basilica discovered at [[Constanța|Tomis]]. Three enclosures for the remains of saints were discovered.<ref>{{cite web|title=The paleo-Christian crypt of the basilica from Tomis-Constanța|url=http://ran.cimec.ro/sel.asp?descript=constanta-municipiul-constanta-constanta-cripta-basilicii-paleocrestine-de-la-tomis-constanta-cod-sit-ran-60428.08&Lang=EN|website=National Archaeological Record of Romania|publisher=Romanian Ministry of Culture|access-date=May 28, 2018}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceB"/><ref>Lista Monumentelor Istorice, MO nr. 646 bis/16/07/2004, Ordinul ministrului culturii și cultelor nr. 2.314/2004, vol. II, București, 2004, p. 934, poz. 24 [Ordin MCC] (site record source)</ref> (to 600)
|-
| || A 5th–6th century Christian basilica was discovered in 2012 at [[Noviodunum ad Istrum|Noviodunum]]. According to the archeologist Florin Topoleanu, the population of 5th century Noviodunum was Christian.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Manolache|first1=Dumitru|title=The 5th–6th century Christian basilica at Noviodunum|url=http://ziarullumina.ro/bazilica-crestina-de-secol-v-vi-de-la-noviodunum-117719.html|access-date=May 28, 2018|publisher=Ziarul Lumina|date=November 23, 2016}}</ref> (to 600)
|-
| || [[Blachernae]] was a suburb of [[Constantinople]]. The Romanian philologist Ilie Gherghel, wrote a study about Blachernae and concluded that it possibly derived from the name of a Vlach (sometimes written as Blach or Blasi), who came to Constantinople from the lower Danube, a region named today Dobruja.<ref>{{harvnb|Gherghel|1920|pp=4–8}}</ref> Gherghel compared data from old historians like [[Genesios]] and from the Greek lexicon ''Suidas'' and mentioned the existence of a small colony of Vlachs in the area of today Blachernae. Similar opinions were sustained by Lisseanu.<ref>G. Popa Lisseanu, Continuitatea românilor în Dacia, Editura Vestala, Bucuresti, 2014, p.78</ref>
|}

=== 6th century ===
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| 513 || || [[Blachernae]] appeared in a work by [[Theophanes Confessor]] in connection with a revolt of [[Flavius Vitalianus]] against [[Anastasius I Dicorus]], Emperor in 513.<ref>Theophanes Confessor. In: Fontes Historiae Daco-Romanae, București, Institutul de studii Sud-Est Europene, 1970, p.599</ref>
|-
| 571 || || A bronze coin from the time of the [[Eastern Roman Emperor]] [[Justin II]] was discovered at Troesmis.<ref name="revistapontica.files.wordpress.com"/> (to 573)
|-
| 587 || || First written record about a Romance language spoken in Southeastern Europe: a Byzantine soldier, native to [[Thrace]] (in present-day Bulgaria, Greece or Turkey), shouted at his companion ''"torna, torna fratre"'' ("turn around, turn around, brother") during a Byzantine campaign against the [[Pannonian Avars|Avars]] invading the [[Balkan Peninsula]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Georgescu |first=Vlad |year=1991 |title=The Romanians: A History |url=https://archive.org/details/romanianshistory0000geor |url-access=registration |publisher=Ohio State University Press |isbn= 0-8142-0511-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/romanianshistory0000geor/page/n30 13]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mihăescu |first=H. |year=1993 |title=La Romanité dans le Sud-Est de L'Europe |publisher=Editura Academiei Române |isbn=97-3270-342-3 |language=fr |page=421}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Opreanu |first=Coriolan Horațiu |editor1-last=Pop|editor1-first=Ioan-Aurel |editor2-last=Bolovan |editor2-first=Ioan | title=History of Romania: Compendium |publisher=Romanian Cultural Institute (Center for Transylvanian Studies) |year=2005 |chapter=The North-Danube Regions from the Roman Province of Dacia to the Emergence of the Romanian Language (2nd–8th&nbsp;Centuries&nbsp;AD) |isbn=978-973-7784-12-4 |page=129}}</ref>
|-
| 588 || || Troesmis was inhabited until 593.<ref>BOGDAN-CĂTĂNICIU 1984, p. 49.</ref><ref name="revistapontica.files.wordpress.com"/><ref>For the campaigns of Byzantine emperor Maurice see CURTA 2006, p. 87 – 88 și 104.</ref> [[Byzantine]] coins were discovered here and dated between 588 and 593 during the reign of Byzantine emperor [[Maurice (emperor)|Maurice]].<ref>CHIRIAC, BOUNEGRU 1973–1975, p. 102, catalog 7.</ref><ref>OBERLÄNDER-TÂRNOVEANU 1980, p. 274, catalog 177.</ref><ref>Pentru campanile lui Mauriciu vezi CURTA 2006, p. 87 – 88 și 104.</ref> (to 593)
|-
| 600 || || [[Procopius]] mentions forts{{where|date=May 2016}} with names such as ''Skeptekasas'', ''Burgulatu'', ''Loupofantana'' and ''Gemellomountes''. Modern authors claim these as Romanian names: Seven House, Broad City, Wolf's Well and Twin Mountains.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.fact-index.com/h/hi/history_of_vlachs.html |title = History of Vlachs}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | doi=10.3406/rbph.1924.6272| title=La " Romania " danubienne et les barbares au VIe siècle| journal=Revue Belge de Philologie et d'Histoire| volume=3| pages=35–50| year=1924| last1=Jorga| first1=N.}}</ref>
|}

=== 7th century ===
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| 610 || || Roman Emperor [[Heraclius]] grants lands to the sclavenes located in Macedonia eventually the sclavenes later form Sclavinias a term described by Byzantine historians referring to tribal groups.
|-
| 681 || || Formation of the [[First Bulgarian Empire]] (681–1018), including the lands east and south of the [[Carpathian Mountains|Carpathians]]<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.euratlas.net/history/europe/700/index.html |title = Euratlas Periodis Web – Map of Europe in Year 700}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" valign="top" | 700 || || The [[Ravenna Cosmography]] mentions Troesmis.<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref name="perseus.tufts.edu"/><ref name="quod.lib.umich.edu"/><ref name="TOCILESCU 1883a, p. 101"/><ref name="revistapontica.files.wordpress.com"/>
|-
| || [[Ananias of Shirak]], a 7th-century Armenian geographer described the "large country of Dacia" as inhabited by Slavs who formed "twenty-five tribes".{{sfn|Spinei|2009|pp=80–81}}{{sfn|Bóna|1994|pp=98–99}}<ref>''The Geography of Ananias of Şirak (L1881.3.9)'', p. 48.</ref>
|-
| || Some authors state that Troesmis was inhabited until the end of the 7th century based on archeological evidence.<ref>BAUMANN 1980, p. 169 – 172. De la Cetatea de Est mai putem aminti încă o monedă de la acest împărat, emisiune din 568/569, cf. POPESCU, IACOB, GEORGESCU 1996, p. 94, catalog 79.</ref><ref name="revistapontica.files.wordpress.com"/>
|}

=== 8th century ===
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 800 || || Cremation cemeteries of the "Nușfalău-Someșeni group" were discovered in northwestern Transylvania, with their 8th- and 9th-century [[tumuli]].{{sfn|Bărbulescu|2005|p = 197}}{{sfn|Bóna|1994|pp = 101–102}}{{sfn|Kristó|2003|p = 35}}
|-
| || Ten 8th century graves of adults with bracelets from Troesmis were discovered in 1977.<ref>VASILIU 1980, p. 218 – 220</ref><ref name="revistapontica.files.wordpress.com"/>
|}

=== 9th century ===
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| c. 805 || || The Bulgarian khan [[Krum]] defeated the [[Avar Khaganate]] to destroy the remainder of the [[Pannonian Avars|Avars]], conquered eastern part of the [[Pannonian Basin|Carpathian Basin]] including Transylvania, spreading from the middle Danube to the [[Dnieper]]. The [[Battle of Ongal|Ongal]] was the traditional Bulgar name for the area [[Bulgarian lands across the Danube|north of the Danube]] across the Carpathians covering Transylvania and along the Danube into eastern part of the Carpathian Basin.{{sfn|Fine|1991|p=94}}<ref name="Krum | Bulgar khan">{{Cite web | url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Krum |title = Krum {{pipe}} Bulgar khan}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceC">Ian Mladjov, "Trans-Danubian Bulgaria: Reality and Fiction", in ''Byzantine Studies/Etudes Byzantines'', n.s. 3, 1998 [2000], 85–128.</ref> This resulted in the establishment of a common border between the [[Franks|Frankish Empire]] and Bulgaria.<ref name="Krum {{pipe}} Bulgar khan"/><ref name="ReferenceC"/><ref>[[s:Essential History of Bulgaria in Seven Pages|Essential History of Bulgaria in Seven Pages]], p. 3, Lyubomir Ivanov, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, 2007</ref>
|-
| 824 || || [[The Fourth Section]] of the [[Royal Frankish Annals]] mentions the [[Abodrites]] who lived in "Dacia on the Danube as neighbors of the [[Bulgars]]" sent envoys to [[Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor]] [[Louis the Pious]] in 824, complaining "about vicious aggression by the Bulgars"<ref>''Royal Frankish Annals'' (year 824), p. 116.</ref> and seeking the emperor's assistance against them, according to the ''[[Royal Frankish Annals]]''.{{sfn|Curta|2006|p=153}}{{sfn|Sălăgean|2005|p=134}} The Abodrites inhabited the lands along either the [[Timiș River|Timiș]] or the [[Tisza]] rivers.<ref name="Bóna_ST_u_B-R">{{cite web |last=Bóna |first=István |title=From Dacia to Erdőelve: Transylvania in the period of the Great Migrations (271–896); Southern Transylvania under Bulgar rule |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=2001 |url=http://mek.oszk.hu/03400/03407/html/49.html |access-date=November 11, 2014}}</ref>{{sfn|Curta|2006|p=159}}
|-
| 890 || || [[Menumorut]], [[Glad (duke)|Glad]], and the Vlach [[Gelou]] are the rulers of [[Crișana]], Banat, and Transylvania when the Magyars invaded the territoriy, according to the [[Gesta Hungarorum]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Madgearu |first=Alexandru |year=2005 |title=The Romanians in the Anonymous'' Gesta Hungarorum'': Truth and fiction |publisher=Romanian Cultural Institute, Center for Transylvanian Studies |isbn= 973-7784-01-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Macartney |first=C. A. |year= 1953  |title=The Medieval Hungarian Historians: A Critical & Analytical Guide |url=https://archive.org/details/medievalhungaria0000maca |url-access=registration |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-08051-4}}</ref>
|-
| 900 || || Fine, gray vessels were also unearthed in the 9th-century "Blandiana A"{{sfn|Opreanu|2005|p = 122}} cemeteries in the area of [[Alba Iulia|Alba-Iulia]], which constitutes a "cultural enclave" in Transylvania.{{sfn|Fiedler|2008|p = 159}}{{sfn|Madgearu|2005b|p = 68}} Near these cemeteries, necropolises of graves with west–east orientation form the distinct "Ciumbrud group".{{sfn|Fiedler|2008|p = 161}}{{sfn|Opreanu|2005|p = 122}}{{sfn|Madgearu|2005b|p = 134}} Female dress accessories from "Ciumbrud graves" are strikingly similar to those from Christian cemeteries in Bulgaria and [[Great Moravia|Moravia]].{{sfn|Fiedler|2008|p = 161}}{{sfn|Madgearu|2005b|p = 134}}
|}

=== 10th century ===
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| 906 || || Menumorut dies and is succeeded by his son-in-law, [[Zoltán of Hungary]], according to the ''Gesta Hungarorum''.{{citation needed|date=January 2018}}
|-
| 943 || || An [[Old Church Slavonic in Romania|Old Slavonic]] ([[Old Bulgarian]]<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Bulgaria/The-first-Bulgarian-empire#ref476452 |title = Bulgaria – the first Bulgarian empire}}</ref>) inscription found among the remains of [[Trajan's Wall#Romania|Trajan's Wall]] in Dobruja bears the name of [[župan]] Demetrius.<ref>Ovidiu Drimba – Istoria culturii și civilizației românești, Editura Științifică și Pedagogică, București, 1987, vol.2, pg.404</ref>
|-
| 969 || || The "Western part" of Troesmis is supposed to have been rebuilt and used again during the reign of the Eastern Roman Emperor [[John I Tzimiskes]] based on archaeological discoveries.<ref>BARNEA, ȘTEFĂNESCU 1971, p. 80.</ref><ref name="revistapontica.files.wordpress.com"/>{{better source needed|date=January 2018}}
|-
| 976 || || The Greek historian [[John Skylitzes]] mentions the word βλάχοι (Vlachs) in his work [[Synopsis of Histories]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q9KwCQAAQBAJ&q=john+skylitzes&pg=PA102|title=The Romanians and the Turkic Nomads North of the Danube Delta from the Tenth to the Mid-Thirteenth Century|author1=Spinei|first=Victor|year=2009|via=Google Books|publisher=Brill|page=102|format=Print Book on Google Books|access-date=September 21, 2018|quote=The account of the rebellion of the Comitopouloi related in the chronicle of John Skylitzes, written in the late eleventh century, includes one of the earliest attestations of the Vlachs south of the Danube.|isbn=9789047428800}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Skylitzes |first1=John |title=A Synopsis of Byzantine History 811–1057 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vGE8Xq832A0C&q=vlachs&pg=PR16 |via=Google Books |access-date=September 21, 2018 |page=312  |format=eBook |date=976 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |quote=Of these four brothers David died right away killed between Kastoria and Prespa, at a place called Kalasdrys (beautiful oaks), by some vagabond Vlachs.|isbn=9781139489157 }}</ref>
|-
| 983 || || [[Ibn al-Nadīm]] published in 938 the work ''[[Kitāb al-Fihrist]]'' mentioning "Turks, Bulgars and Vlahs" (using Blagha for Vlachs)<ref>Ibn al Nadim, al-Fihrist. English translation: The Fihrist of al-Nadim. Editor și traducător: B. Dodge, New York, Columbia University Press, 1970, p. 37 with n.82</ref><ref>Spinei, Victor, The Romanians and the Turkic Nomads North of the Danube Delta from the Tenth to the Mid-Thirteenth Century. Brill. 2009, p.83</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" valign="top" | 1000 || || According to the Arab chronicler [[Al-Muqaddasi|Mutahhar al-Maqdisi]], "They say that in the Turkic neighbourhood there are the Khazars, Russians, Slavs, ''Waladj'', Alans, Greeks and many other peoples."<ref>A. Decei, V. Ciocîltan, "La mention des Roumains (Walah) chez Al-Maqdisi,"in Romano-arabica I, Bucharest, 1974, pp. 49–54</ref>
|-
| || Another [[župan]] by the name of George is possibly mentioned in an inscription in the [[Murfatlar Cave Complex]], in Dobruja.{{citation needed|date=February 2018}} The Complex is a relict from a widespread [[Monasticism|monastic]] phenomenon in a 10th-century Bulgaria.<ref>Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250, Florin Curta, Cambridge University Press, 2006, {{ISBN|0521815398}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=YIAYMNOOe0YC&dq=murfatlar+cave+bulgar&pg=PA232 p. 232.]</ref>
|-
| || The [[Byzantine Emperor]] [[Constantine VII]] mentions Troesmis.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
|}

== 2nd millennium ==
<div class="toc">'''Centuries''': [[#11th century|11th]]{{·}}[[#12th century|12th]]{{·}}[[#13th century|13th]]{{·}}[[#14th century|14th]]{{·}}[[#15th century|15th]]{{·}}[[#16th century|16th]]{{·}}[[#17th century|17th]]{{·}}[[#18th century|18th]]{{·}}[[#19th century|19th]]{{·}}[[#20th century|20th]]</div>

=== 11th century ===
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| 1010 || || Coins and follis notes from Troesmis have been discovered.<ref name="revistapontica.files.wordpress.com"/> (to 1020)
|-
| 1018 || || The "[[Blakumen|Blökumenn]]" (often identified as Vlachs) are mentioned in a later source as fighting in Kievan Rus'.<ref>Egils saga einhenda ok Ásmundar berserkjabana, in Drei lygisogur, ed. Å. Lagerholm (Halle/Saale, 1927), p. 29</ref><ref>V. Spinei, The Romanians and the Turkic Nomads North of the Danube Delta from the Tenth to the Mid-Thirteenth Century, Brill, 2009, p. 106, {{ISBN|9789047428800}}</ref> (to 1019)
|-
| 1050 || || The [[Sweden|Swedish]] Runestone G134 mentions the ethnonym ''Blakumen'' as it recorded the death of Hróðfúss who was treacherously killed by Vlachs while travelling abroad.{{sfn|Pritsak|1981|p=344}}{{sfn|Jesch|2001|p=257}}
|-
| 1066 || || Byzantine writer [[Kekaumenos]], author of the ''[[Strategikon of Kekaumenos|Strategikon]]'', described a 1066 Roman (Vlach) revolt in northern Greece.<ref>G. Murnu, Când si unde se ivesc românii întâia dată în istorie, în "Convorbiri Literare", XXX, pp. 97–112</ref>
|-
| 1100 || || An 11th century byzantine settlement was discovered at [[Argamum]].<ref name="Romanian Ministry of Culture">{{cite web |title=Situl arheologic de la Jurilovca-Orgame/Argamum – Capul Dolojman |url=http://ran.cimec.ro/sel.asp?descript=jurilovca-jurilovca-tulcea-situl-arheologic-de-la-jurilovca-orgame-argamum-capul-dolojman-cod-sit-ran-160653.02&Lang=EN |website=National Archaeological Record of Romania |publisher=Romanian Ministry of Culture |access-date=June 3, 2018}}</ref>
|}

=== 12th century ===
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| 1113 || || The Russian [[Primary Chronicle]], written in ca. 1113, recorded that nomad Hungarians drove away the Vlachs and took their lands.<ref>Samuel Hazzard Cross et Olgerd P. Sherbowitz-Wetzor (English), The Russian Primary Chronicle. Laurentian Text, The Medieval Academy of America, CambridgeMassachusetts, 2012, p.62</ref><ref>C. A. Macartney, The Habsburg Empire: 1790–1918, Faber & Faber, September 4, 2014, paragraf.185</ref>
|-
| 1164 || || Prince [[Andronikos Komnenos (son of John II)|Andronikos Komnenos]], son of ([[list of byzantine emperors]]) [[John II Komnenos]], was apprehended by [[Vlachs]] in his escape taking the road towards Galitza/Galicia.<ref name="Cinnamus1">{{Cite book |title=Ioannis Cinnami Epitome Rerum ab Ioanne et Manuele Comnenis Gestarum |last=Cinnamus |first=John  |date=1836 |publication-date=1976 |translator-last=Brand |translator-first=C.M. |trans-title=Deeds of John and Manuel Comnenus by John Kinnamos}}</ref>
|-
| 1166 || || Byzantine historian [[John Kinnamos]] described Leon Vatatzes' military expedition along the northern Danube, where Vatatzes mentioned the participation of Vlachs in battles with the Magyars (Hungarians) in 1166.<ref>A. Decei, op. cit., p. 25.</ref><ref>V. Spinei, The Romanians and the Turkic Nomads North of the Danube Delta From the Tenth to the Mid-Thirteenth Century, Brill, 2009, p.132, {{ISBN|9789004175365}}</ref>
|-
| 1185 || || [[Ivan Asen I of Bulgaria]] and [[Peter II of Bulgaria]], described unanimously by chronicles written in the late 12th and early 13th centuries as Vlachs,<ref>Vásáry 2005, pp. 36–37.</ref> [[Uprising of Asen and Peter|rebelled against byzantine authority]] and restored the [[Second Bulgarian Empire]] as co-rulers, founding the [[Asen dynasty]].{{sfn|Curta|2006|pp=358–359, 379}}
|-
| 1196 || || [[Kaloyan of Bulgaria]], younger brother of Ivan Asen I of Bulgaria and [[Peter II of Bulgaria]], became [[Tsar|Emperor]] of [[Second Bulgarian Empire|Bulgaria]]. (to October 1207){{sfn|Madgearu|2016|p=112}}
|-
| 1197 || || [[Dobromir Chrysos]] was a leader of the Vlachs and Bulgaria in eastern [[Macedonia (region)|Macedonia]] during the reign of Byzantine emperor [[Alexios III Angelos]]. According to [[Niketas Choniates]], a 12th-century Greek byzantine government official, Dobromir was Vlach by birth.<ref>Paul Stephenson, Byzantium's Balkan Frontier: A Political Study of the Northern Balkans, 900–1204, Cambridge University Press, 29 iun. 2000, p.307</ref>
|-
| 1200 || || [[Benjamin of Tudela]] of the [[Kingdom of Navarre]] was one of the first writers to use the word ''Vlachs'' for a Romance-speaking population.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://users.clas.ufl.edu/fcurta/tudela.html |title = Tudela}}</ref>
|}

=== 13th century ===
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| 1204 || November 8 || A papal legate delivered a royal crown to Kaloyan of Bulgaria and crowned him "King of the Bulgarians and Vlachs".
|-
| 1213 || || An army of Vlachs, [[Transylvanian Saxons]], and [[Pechenegs]], led by [[Ioachim of Sibiu]], attacked the Bulgaria and [[Cumans]] that were from [[Vidin]]{{citation needed|date=April 2017}}.
|-
| 1222 || || [[Țara Făgărașului]] was mentioned in documents as Terra Blacorum{{citation needed|date=May 2018}}.
|-
| 1224 || || The [[Diploma Andreanum]] was issued by [[Andrew II of Hungary]] granting provisional autonomy to colonial Germans residing in the present-day area of [[Sibiu]].
|-
| 1224 || || [[Țara Făgărașului]] was mentioned in documents as Silva Blacorum{{citation needed|date=May 2018}}.
|-
| 1241 || || The Persian chronicle [[Jami' al-tawarikh|Jāmiʿ al-Tawārīkh]] mentions several rulers from [[Wallachia]] such as [[Bezerenbam and Mișelav]] and the country of [[Ilaut]].<ref name="Xenopol, p. 552">Xenopol, p. 552.</ref><ref>C-tin C Giurescu, Istoria Românilor, Ed. ALL Educațional, București, 2003, p. 281</ref><ref name="Djuvara, cited article">Djuvara, cited article.</ref>{{Unbalanced opinion|reason=Several scholars (including the translator of the text) say, they were Poles.|date=April 2017}}
|-
| 1247 || || The diploma of King [[Béla IV of Hungary]] issued on July 2, 1247, mentions the local rulers [[knyaz]] [[John (knez)|John]], knyaz [[Farcaș]], [[voivode]] [[Litovoi]] and voivode [[Seneslau]].<ref name="Vásáry">{{cite book | last = Vásáry | first = István | title = Cumans and Tatars: Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185–1365}}</ref> Seneslau and Litovoi are expressly said to be Vlachs (Olati) in the king's diploma.<ref name="Vásáry"/>
|-
| 1252 || || [[Țara Făgărașului]] was mentioned in documents as Terra Olacorum{{citation needed|date=May 2018}}.
|-
| 1277 || || [[Bărbat]] succeeds his brother Litovoi as ruler of Oltenia after the later was killed during a battle with the Hungarian army. (to 1280)
|-
| 1288 || || First evidence of [[Diet (assembly)|Diet]] in Transylvania{{citation needed|date=April 2017}}.
|-
| 1290 || || According to legend and the 17th century [[Cantacuzino]] Annals, [[Radu Negru]] founded Wallachia.
|}

=== 14th century ===
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| 1310 || || [[Basarab I]]'s rule starts and lasts until 1351/1352.
|-
| 1330 || || Basarab I of Wallachia wins the [[Battle of Posada]] against [[Charles I of Hungary|Charles I Robert]] of [[Hungary]].
|-
| 1332 || || [[Thocomerius]] is named in a diploma of [[Charles I of Hungary]]<ref name="Vásáry"/> as being the father of [[Basarab I]]. Certain historians such as [[Vlad Georgescu]] and Marcel Popa believe him to have been a ''voievode'' in Wallachia having succeeded [[Bărbat]] who ruled around 1278.<ref name='Georgescu'>{{cite book |last=Georgescu |first=Vlad |title=The Romanians: A History|year=1991 |publisher=Ohio State University Press |isbn=9780814205112 |url=https://archive.org/details/romanianshistory0000geor |url-access=registration }}</ref><ref name='Treptow'>{{cite book |last1=Treptow |first1=Kurt W. |last2=Popa |first2=Marcel |title=Historical Dictionary of Romania}}</ref>
|-
| 1340 || || During the reign of Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria (1331–1371) the control over powerful vassals, such as the rulers of Wallachia and Dobruja, who pursued their own foreign policies, was hardly stronger.<ref name="fine-p366">Fine, ''Late Medieval Balkans'', p. 366.</ref> The [[Principality of Karvuna]] or [[Despotate of Dobruja]] ({{langx|bg|Добруджанско деспотство or Карвунско деспотство}}; {{langx|ro|Despotatul Dobrogei or Țara Cărvunei}}) split off from the [[Second Bulgarian Empire]] in the region of modern Dobruja and Northeast Bulgaria<ref>{{cite book | title = Istorija i civilizacija za 11. klas | last = Delev | first = Petǎr |author2=Valeri Kacunov |author3=Plamen Mitev |author4=Evgenija Kalinova |author5=Iskra Baeva |author6=Bojan Dobrev  | chapter = 19. Bǎlgarija pri Car Ivan Aleksandǎr | year = 2006 | language = bg | publisher = Trud, Sirma }}</ref>
|-
|1345
|
|King [[Louis I of Hungary]] dispatched [[Andrew Lackfi]], [[Count of the Székelys]] to invade the lands of the [[Golden Horde]] in retaliation for the [[Tatars]]' earlier plundering raids against Transylvania. Lackfi and his army of mainly [[Székelys|Székely]] warriors inflicted a defeat on a large Tatar army on 2 February 1345.{{sfn|Kristó|1988|pp=96–97}}{{sfn|Bertényi|1989|p=58}} The campaign had finally expelled the Tatars and ended the devastations of the Mongols in Transylvania.<ref name=":34">{{Cite book |last=Makkai |first=László |title=History of Transylvania Volume I. From the Beginnings to 1606 – III. Transylvania in the Medieval Hungarian Kingdom (896–1526) – 3. From the Mongol Invasion to the Battle of Mohács |publisher=Columbia University Press, (The Hungarian original by Institute of History Of The Hungarian Academy of Sciences) |year=2001 |isbn=0-88033-479-7 |language=English |chapter=The Three Feudal 'Nations' and the Ottoman Threat |chapter-url=http://mek.niif.hu/03400/03407/html/82.html}}</ref> The Golden Horde was pushed back behind the [[Dniester|Dniester River]], thereafter the Golden Horde's control of the lands between the [[Eastern Carpathians]] and the [[Black Sea]] weakened.{{sfn|Kristó|1988|pp=96–97}}{{sfn|Sălăgean|2005|p=199}}
|-
|1346
|
|Foundation of [[Moldavia]].
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1400 || || Vlach settlements existed throughout much of today's Croatia,{{sfn|Mužić (Vjekoslav Klaić)|2010|p=14}} but centres of population were focused around the [[Velebit]] and [[Dinara]] mountains and along the [[Krka (Croatia)|Krka]] and [[Cetina]] rivers.{{sfn|Mužić (Vjekoslav Klaić)|2010|p=14}}
|-
| || The [[Flateyjarbók]] preserves the 13th century biography of King [[Olaf II of Norway]] which amongst other things records the adventures of a Norwegian prince [[Eymund]] in the saga [[Eymundar þáttr hrings]], who informs Jarizleifr of the departure of Jarizleifr's brother, Burizlaf, to Tyrkland, and added that Burizlaf was preparing to attack Jarizleifr with a huge army formed by Tyrkir, ''Blökumen'' and other peoples.<ref>Eymund's Saga (ch. 8.), pp. 79–80.</ref>
|}

=== 15th century ===
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| 1437 || || The [[Transylvanian peasant revolt]] broke out at [[Bobâlna]].
|-
| 1438 || || The [[Unio Trium Nationum]] pact was signed as a reaction to the Transylvanian peasant revolt at Bobâlna.
|-
|1442
|
|In this year, [[John Hunyadi]] won four victories against the Ottomans, two of which were decisive.{{sfn|Jefferson|2012|p=278}} In March 1442, Hunyadi defeated Mezid Bey and the raiding Ottoman army at the [[Battle of Hermannstadt|Battle of Szeben]] in the south part of the [[Kingdom of Hungary]] in Transylvania.{{sfn|Jefferson|2012|p=278–286}} In September 1442, Hunyadi defeated a large Ottoman army of [[Beylerbey]] [[Hadım Şehabeddin|Şehabeddin]], the Provincial Governor of [[Rumelia]]. This was the first time that a European army defeated such a large Ottoman force, composed not only of raiders, but of the provincial cavalry led by their own [[Sanjak-bey|sanjak beys]] (governors) and accompanied by the formidable [[Janissary|janissaries]].{{sfn|Jefferson|2012|p=286–292}}
|-
| 1465 || October 14 || [[Radu cel Frumos]] issues a [[writ]] from his residence in [[Bucharest]].
|-
| 1476 || || The Polish chronicler [[Jan Długosz]] remarked in 1476 that Moldavians and Wallachians "share a language and customs".<ref>''The Annals of Jan Długosz'' {{ISBN|19-0101-900-4}}, p. 593</ref>
|-
|1479
|
|The [[Battle of Breadfield]] was the most tremendous conflict fought in Transylvania up to that time in the [[Ottoman–Hungarian Wars]], taking place in 1479 during the reign of King [[Matthias Corvinus]]. The [[Kingdom of Hungary (1301–1526)|Hungarian]] army defeated a highly outnumbered [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] army and the Ottoman casualties were extremely high. The battle was the most significant victory for the Hungarians against the Ottomans, and as a result, the Ottomans did not attack southern Hungary and Transylvania for many years thereafter.
|}

=== 16th century ===
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| 1514 || || The [[Székelys|Székely]] [[György Dózsa]] led a peasant's revolt in Transylvania against Hungarian nobles.
|-
| 1521 || || [[Neacșu's letter]] is one of the oldest surviving documents written in the [[Romanian language]].
|-
|1526
|
|After the death of the Hungarian king at the [[Battle of Mohács]] in 1526, both the Austrian [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg family]] and the Hungarian noble [[Zápolya family]] claimed the whole kingdom. King [[John Zápolya|John I of Hungary]] ruled the [[Eastern Hungarian Kingdom]], and the Habsburgs ruled the western part of the Hungary.
|-
| 1532 || || [[Francesco della Valle]] writes that "they name themselves Romei in their own language" ("si dimandano in lingua loro Romei") and, he also cites the expression "Do you know Romanian?" ("se alcuno dimanda se sano parlare in la lingua valacca, dicono a questo in questo modo: Sti Rominest ? Che vol dire: Sai tu Romano?").<ref>''"...si dimandano in lingua loro Romei...se alcuno dimanda se sano parlare in la lingua valacca, dicono a questo in questo modo: Sti Rominest ? Che vol dire: Sai tu Romano?..."'' in: Claudiu Isopescu, ''Notizie intorno ai romeni nella letteratura geografica italiana del Cinquecento'', in Bulletin de la Section Historique, XVI, 1929, p. 1- 90</ref>
|-
| 1534 || || [[Tranquillo Andronico]] remarks that ''Vlachs now name themselves Romanians'' (Valachi nunc se Romanos vocant).<ref>Tranquillo Andronico in [https://books.google.com/books?id=a3UDAAAAMAAJ&q=Romanos+vocant Endre Veress', ''Fontes rerum transylvanicarum: Erdélyi történelmi források'', Történettudományi Intézet, Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, Budapest, 1914, S. 204]</ref>
|-
|1541
|
|King [[John Zápolya|John I of Hungary]] died in 1540, the Habsburg forces besieged [[Buda]] the Hungarian capital in 1541, Sultan [[Suleiman the Magnificent|Suleiman]] led a relief force and defeated the Habsburgs, the Ottomans captured the city by a trick during the [[Siege of Buda (1541)|Siege of Buda]] and the south central and central areas of the Kingdom of Hungary came under the authority of the Ottoman Empire, therefore Hungary was divided into three parts.
|-
| 1542 || || The Transylvanian Szekler [[Johann Lebel]] wrote that "the Vlachs name each other Romuini".<ref>''"Ex Vlachi Valachi, Romanenses Italiani,/Quorum reliquae Romanensi lingua utuntur.../Solo Romanos nomine, sine re, repraesentantes./Ideirco vulgariter Romuini sunt appelanti"'', Ioannes Lebelius, De opido Thalmus, Carmen Istoricum, Cibinii, 1779, p. 11 – 12</ref>
|-
| 1554 || || The Polish chronicler [[Stanislaw Orzechowski]] mentions that "in their language, the vlachs name themselves romini".<ref>''"qui eorum lingua Romini ab Romanis, nostra Walachi, ab Italis appellantur"'' St. Orichovius, Annales polonici ab excessu Sigismundi, in I. Dlugossus, Historiae polonicae libri XII, col 1555</ref>
|-
| 1563 || || An [[Acts of the Apostles]] book is printed by the printer [[Coresi]] from [[Brașov]] in Romanian, though written with the Cyrillic alphabet at the time.
|-
|1568
|
|For the first time in history, the [[Edict of Torda|Diet of Torda]] in Transylvania in 1568 declared freedom of religion. While in other parts of Europe and the world religious wars were fought. The Roman Catholic, Lutheran, Calvinist, and Unitarian Churches and religions were declared to be fully equal, and the Romanian Orthodox religion was tolerated. 
|-
| rowspan="2" |1570
|
|The Eastern Hungarian Kingdom was the predecessor state of the [[Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)|Principality of Transylvania]]. The [[Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)|Principality of Transylvania]] was established after the signing the [[Treaty of Speyer (1570)|Treaty of Speyer]] in 1570 by king [[John Sigismund Zápolya|John II]] and emperor [[Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximiliam II]], thus [[John Sigismund Zápolya]], the Eastern Hungarian king became the first [[List of princes of Transylvania|prince of Transylvania]]. According to the treaty, the Principality of Transylvania nominally remained part of the [[Kingdom of Hungary (1526–1867)|Kingdom of Hungary]] in the sense of public law.<ref>Anthony Endrey, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ewYiAAAAMAAJ&q=%22belonged+to%22 The Holy Crown of Hungary], Hungarian Institute, 1978, p. 70</ref> The Treaty of Speyer stressed in a highly significant way that John Sigismund's possessions belonged to the [[Holy Crown of Hungary]] and he was not permitted to alienate them.<ref>Anthony Endrey, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ewYiAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA70 ''The Holy Crown of Hungary''], Hungarian Institute, 1978, p. 70</ref>
|-
| || The Croatian [[Ante Verančić]] specifies that "the vlachs from Transylvania, Moldova and Transalpina name themselves Romans".<ref>''"...Valacchi, qui se Romanos nominant..." "Gens quae ear terras (Transsylvaniam, Moldaviam et Transalpinam) nostra aetate incolit, Valacchi sunt, eaque a Romania ducit originem, tametsi nomine longe alieno..."'' De situ Transsylvaniae, Moldaviae et Transaplinae, in Monumenta Hungariae Historica, Scriptores; II, Pesta, 1857, p. 120</ref>
|-
| 1574 || || [[Pierre Lescalopier]] writes that "those that live in Moldova, Wallachia and most of Transylvania consider themselves as being descendants of Romans and name their language romanian".<ref>''"Tout ce pays: la Wallachie, la Moldavie et la plus part de la Transylvanie, a esté peuplé des colonies romaines du temps de Trajan l'empereur... Ceux du pays se disent vrais successeurs des Romains et nomment leur parler romanechte, c'est-à-dire romain ... "'' în Voyage fait par moy, Pierre Lescalopier l'an 1574 de Venise a Constantinople, în: Paul Cernovodeanu, ''Studii și materiale de istorie medievală'', IV, 1960, p. 444</ref>
|-
| 1575 || || [[Ferrante Capecci]], after travelling through Wallachia, Transylvania and [[Moldova]], mentions that the dwellers of these lands are named "romanesci".<ref>''"Anzi essi si chiamano romanesci, e vogliono molti che erano mandati quì quei che erano dannati a cavar metalli..."'' în: Maria Holban, ''Călători străini despre Țările Române'', București, Editura Stiințifică, 1970, vol. II, p.158 – 161</ref>
|-
| 1580 || || The [[Orăștie Palia]] is the oldest translation of the [[Pentateuch]] written in the Romanian language.<ref>Palia de la Orăștie (1581–1582), Bucharest, 1968</ref>
|-
| 1600 || 27 May || Wallachian prince [[Michael the Brave]] briefly imposes his rule over [[Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)|Principality of Transylvania]] and Moldavia which had a Romanian population.
|}

=== 17th century ===
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| valign="top" | 1601 || || The assassination of Michael the Brave ends the personal union between Transylvania, Moldova and Wallachia that had been established one year prior.
|-
| 1605 || || [[Stephen Bocskay]] becomes Prince of Transylvania guaranteeing religious freedom and broadening Transylvania's independence.
|-
| 1606 || || The [[Treaty of Vienna (1606)|Treaty of Vienna]] gives [[constitutional]] and religious rights and privileges to all [[Hungarian language|Hungarian-speaking]] Transylvanians but none to Romanian-speaking people. The treaty guarantees the right of Transylvanians to elect their own independent princes in the future.
|-
| 1613 || || [[Gabriel Bethlen]] becomes Prince of Transylvania succeeding to [[Gabriel Báthory]]. Under Bethlen's rule, the principality experiences a golden age. He promoted agriculture, trade, and industry, sank new mines, sent students abroad to Protestant universities, and prohibited landlords from denying an education to children of serfs.{{editorializing|date=January 2018}}
|-
| 1618 || || Transylvania take part to [[Thirty Years' War]]. [[Gabriel Bethlen]] invades Hungary and proclaims himself as [[King of Hungary]].
|-
| 1621 || || On December 31, [[Peace of Nikolsburg]] ends the war between Transylvania and [[Hasburg Empire|Habsburgs]]. The conditions of [[Treaty of Vienna (1606)|Treaty of Vienna]] signed in 1606 are reinforced.
|-
| 1632 || || The first war between Wallachia, led by [[Matei Basarab]], and Moldavia led by [[Vasile Lupu]].
|-
| 1640 || || [[Grigore Ureche]], in his [[The Chronicles of the land of Moldavia]] states that the language spoken by Moldavians is an amalgam of Latin, French, Greek, Polish, Turkish, Serbian, and so on, though assuming the preponderance of the Latin influence and claims that, at a closer look, all Latin words could be understood by Moldavians.<ref>Grigore Ureche, Ch. ''For our Moldavian language'', in ''Chronicles of the land of Moldavia'', available at [http://ro.wikisource.org/wiki/Letopise%C5%A3ul_%C5%A3%C4%83r%C3%A2i_Moldovei,_de_c%C3%A2nd_s-au_desc%C4%83lecat_%C5%A3ara#Pentru_limba_noastr.C4.83_moldoveneasc.C4.83 Wikisource]</ref>
|-
| 1648 || || [[Peace of Westphalia]] ends the [[Thirty Years' War]]. Transylvania is mentioned as a [[sovereign state]].
|-
| 1653 || || The second war between [[Matei Basarab]] and [[Vasile Lupu]] ends with the Moldavian throne being given to [[Gheorghe Ștefan]].
|-
| 1655 || || [[Seimeni]] revolt begins.
|-
| 1657 || || [[George II Rákóczi]] invades Poland only to be defeated. The Ottoman Empire take advantage of the new situation and restore the military power in Transylvania.
|-
| 1661 || || In April [[John Kemény (Prince)|Prince Kemény]] proclaims the secession of Transylvania from the [[Ottoman Turks|Ottomans]] and appeals to help from the [[Habsburg monarchy]]. He was not aware of the secret agreement between the [[Hasburg Empire|Habsburg Empire]] and Ottomans and the move will end his [[reign]]. Transylvania becomes a [[vassal state]] of the Ottoman Empire.
|-
| 1682 || || The capital of Transylvania is moved to Sibiu (then Nagyszeben);
|-
| 1683 || || The defeat of Ottoman armies in [[Battle of Vienna]] means the end of Ottoman rule over Transylvania. The [[Roman Catholic Church]] becomes official church in Transylvania in a move directed by the Habsburgs to weak the [[noblemen]] estates, which were both Roman Catholic and [[Protestant]].
|-
| 1692 || || The [[House of Habsburg|Habsburgs]] control over Transylvania is consolidated even more and the princes are replaced with [[governors]] named directly by the [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg Emperors]], who themselves become Princes of Transylvania.
|-
| 1698 || || Bucharest becomes capital of Wallachia. Until then the capital was in [[Târgoviște]]. [[Constantin Brâncoveanu]]'s 16-year reign commences during which period Wallachia enjoys a golden age.
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1699 || || The [[Emperor Leopold I]] decrees Transylvania's [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] to be one with the Roman Catholic Church, by joining the newly created [[Romanian Greek-Catholic Church]].
|-
| || [[Martinus Szent-Ivany]] mentions that the Vlachs use the following phrases "Si noi sentem Rumeni" meaning "we are Romanians too" and "Noi sentem di sange Romena", meaning "We are of Roman blood".<ref>''"Valachos...dicunt enim communi modo loquendi: Sie noi sentem Rumeni: etiam nos sumus Romani. Item: Noi sentem di sange Rumena: Nos sumus de sanguine Romano"'' Martinus Szent-Ivany, Dissertatio Paralimpomenica rerum memorabilium Hungariae, Tyrnaviae, 1699, p. 39</ref>
|}

=== 18th century ===
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| 1711 || || Transylvania's direct-autonomy to [[Hasburg Empire|Habsburg Empire]] ends, as the region comes under the [[administrative area]] of Hungary.
|-
| 1714 || || [[Constantin Brâncoveanu]] and his sons are executed in [[Istanbul]] at the order of [[Sultan]] [[Ahmed III]] because they did not renounce their Christian faith. The sultan also did not agree with Brâncoveanu's alliance with the [[Hasburg Empire|Habsburg]] and [[Russian Empire|Russian]] empire.
|-
| 1715 || || The [[Phanariote]] period starts. [[Nicholas Mavrocordatos]] becomes the first [[Phanariote]] prince of Wallachia. The influence of Ottoman Empire is greater than ever.
|-
| 1716 || || The [[Hasburg Empire|Habsburg Empire]] invades Wallachia during the [[Austro-Turkish War of 1716–18|Austro-Turkish War]].
|-
| 1718 || || Oltenia becomes part of the [[Hasburg Empire|Habsburg Empire]].
|-
| 1739 || || Oltenia is reconquered by the Ottomans.
|-
| 1746 || || [[Constantine Mavrocordatos]] enacts measures effectively abolishing [[serfdom]] in Wallachia and creates a more effective central administrative apparatus.
|-
| 1749 || || [[Serfdom]] is abolished in Moldavia.
|-
| 1765 || || The Grand Principality of Transylvania is proclaimed, consisting of a special separate status within the [[Hasburg Empire|Habsburg Empire]] originally granted in 1691. This was however just a mere formality, as Transylvania is still an [[administrative area]] of Hungary.{{Citation needed|date=January 2018}}
|-
| 1768 || || Wallachia is occupied by Russia during the [[Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)|Fifth Russo-Turkish War]].
|-
| 1784 || || The [[Revolt of Horea, Cloșca and Crișan]] starts in November and lasts until February in 1785. The main demands were related to the existence feudal serfdom and the lack of political equality between Orthodox Romanians and other Catholic ethnicities of Transylvania.
|-
| 1791 || || Romanian-speaking Transylvanians petition to [[Emperor Leopold II]] for recognition as the fourth nation of Transylvania and for [[religious equality]]. Their demands are rejected and their old marginalised status is reinforced.
|}

=== 19th century ===
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| 1801 || || Russia assumes a protective right over Romanian-speaking Christians in the Danubian lands and soon began to increase its influence in the region.
|-
| 1802 || || [[Sámuel Teleki (chancellor)|Sámuel Teleki]], then Chancellor of Transylvania, inaugurates the first library in Transylvania and present-day Romania. On December 15, [[János Bolyai]] is born in [[Cluj Napoca]]. Today the town's main university is named after him and [[Victor Babeș]].
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1806 || || Following the collapse of the [[Holy Roman Empire]], the [[Hasburg Empire|Habsburg Empire]] is reorganised and becomes the [[Austrian Empire]].
|-
| || Wallachia is occupied by Russia.
|-
| 1813 || || [[Caragea's plague]] claims 60,000 deaths in Wallachia during 1813 and 1814.
|-
| 1817 || || [[Mihail Kogălniceanu]] is born. He will play a major role in the politics of Romania in second half of the 19th century;
|-
| 1818 || || [[John Caradja|Ion Caragea]] adopts the first modern [[code of law]] in Wallachia.
|-
| rowspan="3" valign="top" | 1821 || || Following the death of [[Alexandros Soutzos]] a [[boyar]] [[regent|regency]] is established.
|-
| || The anti-boyar and anti-[[Phanariote]] [[uprising]] takes place being led by [[Tudor Vladimirescu]]. On 28 May, a [[Treaty of Bucharest (1812)|treaty]] is signed between Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire ending the [[Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)|war]] with [[Bessarabia]] becoming part of the Russian Empire.
|-
| || The [[Phanariote]] rule ends. Moldavia is occupied by [[Alexander Ypsilantis]]'s [[Filiki Eteria]] during the [[Greek War of Independence]].
|-
| 1822 || || [[Ionică Tăutu]], representing a group of low-ranking boyars in Moldavia, proposes a [[constitutional]] project with [[republicanism|republican]] and liberal principles;
|-
| 1826 || || Local leaders in Moldavia are allowed to govern by the Ottoman Empire and Russian Empire.
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1829 || || Following the [[Treaty of Adrianople (1829)|Treaty of Adrianople]], without overturning Ottoman suzerainty, places Wallachia and Moldavia under Russian empire military rule until Turkey pays an indemnity. Wallachia gains the rayas of [[Turnu]], [[Giurgiu]] and [[Brăila]], Russia annexes the Danube estuary.
|-
| || The seventh [[Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)|Russo-Turkish War]] brings [[Pavel Kiselyov]] at the leadership of Moldavia;
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1834 || || [[Regulamentul Organic]], a quasi-constitutional organic law is enforced in Wallachia and Moldavia. Sfatul Boieresc, the first Legislative Assembly in Wallachia is established.
|-
| || [[Regulamentul Organic]], a quasi-constitutional organic law is enforced in Wallachia and Moldavia. Sfatul Boieresc, the first Legislative Assembly in Wallachia is established [[Mihail Sturdza]], a man with unionist ideas, becomes Prince of Moldavia.
|-
| 1844 || || The enslavement of [[Romani people]] ends.
|-
| 1847 || || A custom union{{clarify|date=January 2018}} with Wallachia is established.
|-
| rowspan="4" valign="top" | 1848 || || The [[Revolutions of 1848|Revolution]] are very active in this part of Europe. The [[Hungarians]] demand more rights, including a provision on the union between Transylvania and Hungary. The Romanian-speaking Transylvanians carry their own parallel revolution led by [[Avram Iancu]], which opposed the union with Hungary.
|-
|
|During the [[Hungarian Revolution of 1848]], the Hungarian government proclaimed union with Transylvania in the [[April Laws]] of 1848 which was later affirmed by the Transylvaniat Diet and the King.<ref>Laszlo Péter, [https://books.google.com/books?id=nzW8aApInY8C&dq=medieval+unitary+hungary&pg=PA56 Hungary's Long Nineteenth Century: Constitutional and Democratic Traditions in a European Perspective], BRILL, 2012, p. 56</ref>
|-
| || The Revolutions of 1848 spreads in Wallachia where the Romanian-speaking Wallachians try to overrule the Russian Empire's administration, demand the abolition of boyar privilege and a [[land reform]]. The revolutionaries are successful enough to create a provisional government in June and forced [[Gheorghe Bibescu]], the Prince of Wallachia, to abdicate and leave into exile. A series of reforms follow the protests, the abolition of Roma slavery being one of them.
|-
| || The [[Revolutions of 1848]] reach Moldavia but are less successful than in Wallachia, as the revolts are quickly suppressed.
|-
| rowspan="3" valign="top" | 1849 || || The revolt led by [[Avram Iancu]] obtains some rights for the Romanian-speaking Transylvanians, in spite of strong opposition from Hungary.
|-
| || [[Grigore Alexandru Ghica]] becomes prince of Moldavia. He introduces important administrative reforms and promotes economic development and education.
|-
|
|After the failure of the [[Hungarian Revolution of 1848]], the [[March Constitution (Austria)|March Constitution of Austria]] decreed that the Principality of Transylvania be a separate crown land entirely independent of Hungary.<ref name="hoelseth.com">[http://www.hoelseth.com/royalty/austria/austrianconst18490304.html Austrian Constitution of 4 March 1849]. (Section I, Art. I and Section IX., Art. LXXIV)</ref>
|-
| 1850 || || [[Mihai Eminescu]], regarded today as the most famous and influential Romanian poet, is born.
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1854 || || The first railway line through Romania's present-day territory opens on August 20 and between [[Oravița]] in Banat and [[Baziaș]].
|-
| || The Russian Empire protectorate ends. It is followed by an Ottoman occupation for several months and then a two-year-long Austrian occupation;
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1856 || || Wallachia and Moldavia are brought under the influence of the Western European powers under the provisions of the [[Treaty of Paris (1856)|Treaty of Paris]].
|-
| || The end of the [[Crimean War]] heralds the end of Russia dominance in Moldavia.
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1859 || || [[National Party (Romania)|The National Party]] is founded. Its leader, [[Alexandru Ioan Cuza]] will play a major role in the formation of Romania just three years later.
|-
| || [[Alexandru Ioan Cuza]] is elected Prince of Moldavia on January 5. Three weeks later he is also elected Prince of Wallachia, thus achieving a de facto union of the two principalities under the name of Romania.
|-
| 1860 || || [[University of Iași]] is established, as the first institution of higher education in Romanian language with [[Faculty (university)|faculties]] of literature, philosophy, law, science and medicine and schools in music and art. The [[Romanian Army]] is founded. Romania switches from [[Cyrillic script]] to the [[Latin script]] that is still in use today.
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1861 || || On February 5, the 1859 union is formally declared and a new country, Romania is founded. The capital city is chosen to be Bucharest. On December 23, [[Abdülaziz]], the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire officially recognizes the union but only for the duration of [[Alexandru Ioan Cuza|Cuza]]'s reign.
|-
| || The [[Asociația Transilvană pentru Literatura Română și Cultura Poporului Român|Transylvanian Association for the Literature and Culture of the Romanians]] is founded in Sibiu, as the first cultural association of the Romanian-speaking Transylvanians.
|-
| 1862 || || The [[Government of Romania]] is formed with [[Alexandru Constantin Moruzi]] as the first ever [[Prime Minister of Romania|Prime Minister]].
|-
| 1863 || || [[Alexandru Ioan Cuza]] promulgates the [[Land reform in Romania|Agrarian Reform]] in which the majority of the land is transferred into the property of those who worked it. As there was not enough land, the [[Secularization of monastery estates in Romania]], in which large estates owned by the [[Romanian Orthodox Church]] are transferred under state ownership and then to private property, takes place. This was an important turning point in the history of Romania, as it marked the almost disappearance of the Boyar class, leaving the country to look towards capitalism and industrialization.
|-
| 1864 || || The [[Parliament of Romania]] is formed. A tuition-free, compulsory public education for primary schools is introduced in Romania for the first time. Also a Criminal Code and a Civil Code, both based on the [[Napoleonic Code]], are introduced.
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1865 || || On January 1, [[CEC Bank|Casa de Economii și Consemnațiuni]], the first bank of Romania, is established. On June 19 [[Evangelis Zappas]], one of the richest men in the world at that date dies at the age of 65. Born in the [[Ottoman Empire]] in today's Greece he lived in Romania most of his life.
|-
| || Romania becomes the first European country to abolish the death penalty.<ref>{{cite web |title=Abolirea pedepsei cu moartea în Principatele Române în secolul al XIX-lea |url=https://www.historia.ro/sectiune/timp-liber/articol/abolirea-pedepsei-cu-moartea-in-principatele-romane-in-secolul-al-xix-lea |website=Historia |publisher=Adevărul Holding 2018 |access-date=June 4, 2018}}</ref> This, however, did not last, it is now abolished in Romania since 1990.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cdep.ro/pls/legis/legis_pck.htp_act_text?idt=11033 |title=Decree-Law No. 6 |publisher=National Salvation Front Council |date=January 7, 1990 |language=ro |access-date=February 10, 2013}}</ref>
|-
| 1866 || || On February 22, [[Alexandru Ioan Cuza]] is forced to sign his [[abdication]], which was mainly caused by the [[Land Reform|Agrarian Reform]] from 1863 that made him many enemies{{Citation needed|reason=verify causal chain from land reform to Cuza's unpopularity|date=January 2018}}. Due to the country's political troubles and its financial collapse, the [[Parliament of Romania|Parliament]] takes the decision to place a foreign price on the vacant throne. On March 26, [[Carol I of Romania|Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen]] becomes Prince of Romania as [[Carol I of Romania|Carol]]. Originally, the offer was made to [[Prince Philippe, Count of Flanders]] but he refused. On April 1, the [[Romanian Academy]] is established. On July 1, the first constitution of Romania is ratified.
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1867 || || On April 22 the [[Romanian leu|Leu]] currency is adopted.
|-
| || After the [[Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867]], the separate status<ref>John F. Cadzow, Andrew Ludanyi, Louis J. Elteto, [https://books.google.com/books?id=fX5pAAAAMAAJ&q=diploma+leopoldinum+transylvania ''Transylvania: The Roots of Ethnic Conflict''], Kent State University Press, 1983, page 79</ref> of Transylvania ceased, it was incorporated again into the Kingdom of Hungary ([[Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen|Transleithania]]) as part of the [[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian Empire]].<ref>James Minahan: [https://books.google.com/books?id=NwvoM-ZFoAgC&q=1867+compromise ''One Europe, many nations: a historical dictionary of European national groups''], Greenwood Press, Westport, CT 06991</ref>
|-
| 1869 || || The Bucharest – [[Giurgiu]] railway works are concluded after four years and the line become the first of this kind{{clarify|date=January 2018}} in Romania. However, it is not the first railway built on the present territory of Romania. The first railway was built in 1854 in Banat.
|-
| 1870 || || The short-lived [[Republic of Ploiești|Republica Ploiești]] is formed in the city of [[Ploiești]] as part of a revolt against the Prince.
|-
| 1877 || || On April 16, Romania and the Russian Empire sign a treaty under which Russian troops are allowed to pass through Romanian territory, with the condition to respect the integrity of Romania. On 21 May, the [[Parliament of Romania]] declare the independence of the country. In the fall Romania join the [[Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)|Russo-Turkish War]] on the Russian Empire side. In November, deeply defeated in the [[Siege of Plevna|Battle of Plevna]], the Ottoman Empire request an armistice.
|-
| 1878 || || Romania independence is recognised by the [[Central Powers]] on July 13. Following the [[Treaty of Berlin (1878)|Treaty of Berlin]], Romania now include territories of [[Northern Dobruja]], the [[Danube Delta]], and [[Snake Island (Black Sea)|Insula Șerpilor]]. In return the southern counties of [[Bassarabia]] are returned to Russian Empire.
|-
| 1880 || || [[National Bank of Romania]] is established in April. The bank's first governor was Eugeniu Carada. [[Căile Ferate Române]], Romania's state-owned railway company starts its operations.
|-
| rowspan="3" valign="top" | 1881 || March 26 || Carol I is crowned as [[King of Romania|King]]. His wife [[Elisabeth of Wied|Elisabeth]] becomes [[Queen of Romania|Queen]]. Romania becomes kingdom.
|-
| 12 May || The [[Romanian National Party|National Party of Romanians in Transylvania]] is formed as the first party of the Romanians in Transylvania.
|-
| August 19 || [[George Enescu]] is born.
|-
| 1882 || || The [[Bucharest Stock Exchange|Stock Exchange]] opens in Bucharest.
|-
| 1884 || || The first ever telephone in Romania is installed.
|-
| 1885 || || [[Patriarch Joachim IV of Constantinople|Patriarch Joachim IV]] signs the recognition of the [[Autocephaly|autocephalous]] status of the Romanian Orthodox Church that granted it equal rights with those of the other orthodox churches.
|-
| 1886 || || The construction of the [[Romanian Athenaeum|Athenaeum]] begins. Although the work would continue until 1897, the first concert took place in 1886 and it was performed by [[George Enescu Philharmonic Orchestra|Bucharest Philharmonic Orchestra]].
|-
| 1889 || || [[Mihai Eminescu]] dies aged 39.
|-
| 1892 || || The [[Transylvanian Memorandum]] is signed by the leaders of the Romanians to the [[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian]] Emperor [[Franz Joseph I of Austria|Franz Joseph]], asking for equal ethnic rights with the [[Hungarians]], and demanding an end to persecutions and [[Magyarization]] attempts. The memorandum was forwarded to the [[Parliament of Hungary|Hungarian Parliament]] and the results was that the Romanian leaders are sentenced to long terms in prison.
|-
| 1894 || || Leaders of the Transylvanian Romanians who sent a Memorandum to the Austrian Emperor demanding national rights for the Romanians are found guilty of treason.
|-
| 1895 || || [[King Carol I Bridge]] is inaugurated on September 26. At the time it was the longest in Europe and second longest in the world.
|-
| 1896 || || The construction of [[Port of Constanța]] begins. Since then it has been the most important port in Romania. In May, cinema arrives in Romania for the first time.{{Citation needed | reason=no clear source for claim about film|date=January 2018}}
|-
| 1900 || || The Post Palace is inaugurated. Today it houses the [[National Museum of Romanian History]].
|}

=== 20th century ===
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| 1904 || || The first [[Oil refinery|refinery]], a Romanian-American joint venture is founded and to process oil produced in the [[Prahova (river)|Prahova River]] valley.
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1906 || || [[Traian Vuia]] Achieved a short hop of 20 meters at 1 meter height in his aircraft, [[Vuia 1]].
|-
| || [[Aurel Popovici]], a Transylvanian lawyer and politician, proposes the federalization of the [[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian monarchy]] into the so-called [[United States of Greater Austria]] under the model of United States of America with a total of 15 component states, Transylvania being one of them.
|-
| 1907 || || Violent [[1907 Romanian Peasants' Revolt|peasant revolts]] crushed throughout Romania, thousands of persons killed.
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1913 || || At the end of the [[Balkan Wars]], Romania acquires the [[Southern Dobruja|southern part]] of the Dobruja from Bulgaria.
|-
| April 1 || The [[Parliament of Romania|Parliament]] votes to enact the law of the military aviation{{clarify|date=January 2018}}, Romania being the fifth nation in the world to have an air force.
|-
| valign="top" | 1914 || October 10 || Carol I dies and is succeeded by his nephew, [[Ferdinand I of Romania|Ferdinand]], who becomes the second [[King of Romania]] as Ferdinand I. His wife, [[Marie of Romania|Maria]] becomes queen.
|-
| 1916 || || Despite choosing to stay away from the [[World War I]], the death of King Carol I and the course of events made Romania to change its view and decide to switch sides in favor of the [[Allies of World War I|Entente]], demanding the territory of the Kingdom of Hungary of until the [[Tisza|Tisza River]]. The demands of the [[Romanian Government]] were accepted and following the [[Treaty of Bucharest (1916)|First Treaty of Bucharest]]. Romania declare war to the [[Central Powers]] on 27 August and launches attacks against Kingdom of Hungary through the [[Southern Carpathians]] and into Transylvania. Poorly trained and equipped, the Romanian Army cannot face the power of the Austro-Hungarian, German, Bulgarian and Ottoman armies and Bucharest was occupied on 6 December 1916 by the Central Powers. [[Iași]] becomes temporarily the capital city of Romania.
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1917 || August 6 || The [[Battle of Mărășești]], the retreat of the [[Imperial Russian Army|Russian Army]] from Romania left the Romanians no choice but to ask for peace. (to September 8)
|-
|
|On 9 December 1917, the [[Armistice of Focșani|Armistice of Focsani]] was an agreement that ended the hostilities between Romania and the Central Powers.
|-
| rowspan="2" |1918
| || The [[Treaty of Bucharest (1918)|Second Treaty of Bucharest]] is signed on 7 May.
|-
|
|The Hungarian army was disarmed on 2 November, and [[Austria-Hungary]] signed the armistice on 3 November 1918. One day before the German armistice, Romania re-entered the war on 10 November with similar objectives to those of 1916. On 12 November, the Romanian army crossed the Hungarian border and entered in Transylvania. On 28 November the Romanian representatives of [[Bucovina]] voted for union with the [[Kingdom of Romania]], followed by the proclamation of the [[Union of Transylvania with Romania|union of Transylvania]] with the Kingdom of Romania on 1 December, by the representatives of Transylvanian Romanians and of the Transylvanian Saxons gathered at [[Alba Iulia]]. The declaration included 26 counties of the Kingdom of Hungary, the territory until the [[Tisza|Tisza River]], Banat, and [[Máramaros County|Máramaros county]]. Both proclamations were not, however, yet recognized by the Entente powers.
|-
| 1919 || || On 1 May, the entire east bank of the [[Tisza|Tisza River]] was under the control of the Romanian Army. On 17 July, [[Béla Kun]], the leader of the [[Hungarian Soviet Republic]], decides to counterattack the Romanian Army at the Tisza river to regain the occupied territories of the Kingdom of Hungary without any success. The collapse of the Hungarian Soviet Republic by the Romanian offensive led to the occupation of [[Budapest]], the Hungarian capital in August. Afterwards, by the [[Treaty of Versailles]] and later by the [[Treaty of Trianon]] and the Kingdom of Romania expands its borders, referred as [[Greater Romania]] during the interwar period.
|-
| 1920 || January 20 || Romania becomes a founding member of [[League of Nations]]. The [[CFRNA]] (French-Romanian Company for Air Navigation) is established, becoming the first airline in Romania.
|-
| 1921 || April 23 || Romania and [[Czechoslovakia]] sign a [[peace treaty]] in Bucharest. It will be followed by a similar treaty between Romania and [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] signed it [[Belgrade]] one month later. A new [[Land reform in Romania|land reform]] takes place, suggested by King Ferdinand I, who wanted to repay the soldiers and their families for sacrifices made during [[World War I|the war]]{{Citation needed|date=January 2018}}.
|-
| 1922 || || King Ferdinand I and [[Queen Maria of Romania|Queen Maria]] are crowned in [[Alba Iulia]] as King and [[Queen consort|Queen]] of all Romanians.
|-
| 1925 || || The [[Romanian Orthodox Church]] is officially recognized{{clarify|date=January 2018}}.
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1927 || July 20 || King Ferdinand I dies and [[Michael I of Romania|Mihai I]], his grandson, becomes the third King of Romania after his father [[Carol II of Romania|Carol]] renounced to his rights to the throne in two years earlier.
|-
| July 24 || On July 24, the [[Iron Guard]] is formed by [[Corneliu Zelea Codreanu]]. The Iron Guard will play a major role in the Romanian political and social system over the next decade and a half.
|-
| 1929 || || The worldwide [[Great Depression]] [[Great Depression in Romania|affects Romania]] as well.
|-
| 1930 || June || Carol II returns to Romania on June 7 and is proclaimed King one day later, thus becoming the fourth King of Romania and the first born in Romania. The [[Romtelecom|Societatea Anonimă Română de Telefoane]] is established and Romania starts to use [[Telephone|landline telephone]] on a wide scale.
|-
| 1933 || December || On December 10, [[Ion Duca]], Prime Minister of Romania at the time, bans the Iron Guard. On December 29, Ion Duca is assassinated by members of the paramilitary organization.
|-
| 1937 || || A new palace is built to replace the old residence of the heads of states of Romania, which has been in use for over a century. Today the [[National Museum of Art of Romania]] is located in the palace.
|-
| 1938 || || In a bid for political unity against the fascist movement known as the Iron Guard, which was gaining popularity, [[Carol II of Romania|Carol II]] dismissed the [[Romanian Government|government]] headed by [[Octavian Goga]]. The activity of the [[Romanian Parliament]] and of all political parties was suspended and the country is governed by [[royal decree]]. [[Miron Cristea]], the first [[Patriarch of All Romania|Patriarch]] of the Romanian Orthodox Church become Prime Minister on February 11.
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1939 || || [[Nazi Germany]] and the Soviet Union sign the [[Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact]], in which the Soviet side claims Bessarabia. The territory, together with the northern part of [[Bukovina]], is [[Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina|occupied by the Soviet Union]] one year later.
|-
| September 21 || [[Armand Călinescu]], Prime Minister of Romania, is assassinated by the Iron Guard.
|-
| 1940 || || On June 27, following an ultimatum issued by the Soviet Union, Romania loses Bessarabia and [[Bukovina|Northern Bukovina]]. On August 30, under the [[Second Vienna Award]], Romania loses the northern part of Transylvania to Hungary. Only one week later the [[Southern Dobruja|Kadrilater]]/[[Southern Dobruja]] is lost to Bulgaria. On September 4, [[Horia Sima]], leader of the Iron Guard, and [[Ion Antonescu]], a [[Romanian Land Forces|Romanian Army]] General, Prime Minister of Romania at that date, form the "National Legionary State" in Romania, forcing the abdication of [[Carol II of Romania|King Carol II]]. [[Michael I of Romania|Michael I]] becomes king for the second time two days later. On October 8, [[Nazi Germany|Nazi]] troops begin crossing into Romania. On November 23, Romania joins the [[Axis Powers]].
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1941 || January 21 || A rebellion organized by the Iron Guard takes place in Bucharest. Later known as the [[Legionnaires' rebellion and Bucharest pogrom]], it was a reaction to the decision made by Ion Antonescu to cut off the privileges of the Iron Guard.{{Citation needed|date=January 2018}} During the rebellion, 125 [[Jews]] and 30 army soldiers were killed. After order is restored, the Iron Guard is banned. (to January 23)
|-
| June 22 || Romania joins [[Operation Barbarossa]], attacking the Soviet Union hoping to recover the lost territories of Bessarabia and Bukovina. Later, Romania annexes Soviet lands immediately east of the [[Dnister]].
|-
| 1942–1943 || || Romania becomes a target of [[Bombing of Romania in World War II|Allied aerial bombardment]]. The old refineries in Ploiești are bombed on August 1, 1943, during [[Operation Tidal Wave]].
|-
| 1944 || || On August 23, King Michael I leads a successful [[1944 Romanian coup d'état|coup]] with support from opposition politicians and the army. Ion Antonescu is arrested. On September 12, an Armistice Agreement is signed with the [[Allies of World War II|Allied powers]]. Romania join the [[Allies of World War II|Allied powers]]. In October [[Winston Churchill]], [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]], proposed a [[percentages agreement]] with Soviet dictator [[Joseph Stalin]] on how to split up Eastern Europe into spheres of influence after the war;  the Soviet Union was offered a 90% share of influence in Romania. [[Battle of Romania]] begins.
|-
| 1945 || || On March 1, [[Petru Groza]] becomes the first [[Communist]] Prime Minister of Romania after [[Nicolae Rădescu]] was forced to submit his resignation by the Soviet Union's deputy [[People's Commissar]] for Foreign Affairs, [[Andrei Y. Vishinsky]]. Later on that year Romania takes part in the [[Siege of Budapest|Battle on Budapest]] as well as the [[Prague Offensive|Battle on Prague]]. Despite joining only the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]] only in August 1944, Romania had an important contribution to shortening WWII by six months, according to [[Winston Churchill|Sir Winston Churchill]]{{verify source|date=January 2018}}.
|-
| 1946 || || The [[Romanian Communist Party]] wins the [[1946 Romanian general election|elections]] amid unrest and allegations of [[electoral fraud]] by opposition groups and the government of the United Kingdom.
|-
| 1947 || || Following the abdication of [[King Michael I of Romania|Mihai I]], the [[Communist Romania|People's Republic of Romania]] is declared on December 30 against the majority of people who supported the monarchy. The new leader of Romania becomes [[Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej]], General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party;
|-
| 1948 || || A new constitution is ratified on April 13. Two months later, on June 11 all banks and major enterprises are nationalized. During the year, also in the years to come, many pre-war politicians, businessmen, priests and even ordinary people are thrown in prisons. On August 30, following the model of Soviet [[NKVD]], the [[Securitate|Romanian secret police]] is formed;
|-
| 1949 || || A forced [[Collectivization in Romania|collectivization]], in which the agriculture is organized under the socialist model, comes into force. Romania join [[Comecon]]. The construction of [[Danube-Black Sea Canal]] starts. The canal was the most known [[labour camp]] in the history of Romania;
|-
| 1951 || || During the night of June 18 the third-largest mass deportation in modern Romanian history takes place. Some 45,000 people are taken from their homes and deported to the [[Bărăgan plain]];
|-
| 1952 || || The [[Hungarian Autonomous Province]], the one and only autonomous province in modern Romania, is created. It will be disestablished in 1968. The second Communist constitution is ratified;
|-
| 1953 || || The Danube-Black Sea Canal is halted and the labour camp disestablishedied [[Iuliu Maniu]] dies in [[Sighet]] prison;
|-
| 1954 || || [[SovRoms]], joint ventures between Romania and Soviet Union are formed. They will prove their inefficiency for Romania from the first day of establishment and most of them will be dissolved in 1956;
|-
| 1955 || || Romania joins the [[Warsaw Pact]]. On February 14, a group of Romanian anti-Communists occupies the Romanian embassy in [[Bern]] demanding the release from prisons of many public personalities. With the help of the Swiss police, the order is re-established two days later. On December 14, Romania join the United Nations;
|-
| 1956 || || On October 28 a radio station calling itself "Romania of the future. The voice of resistance" begins broadcasting on different wavelengths. Many protests, especially amongst students, follows in November. On December 31, [[Romanian Television|Televiziunea Română]] start to broadcast first programmes;
|-
| 1957 || || [[ARO (company)|ARO]] is established in [[Câmpulung-Muscel]] and start to manufacture off-road vehicles. [[ARO IMS]] become the first car built in Romania after World War II. Over the next three decades ARO will be a landmark of Romania.
|-
| 1958 || || The [[Red Army|Soviet Union Army]] leave Romania after fourteen years of occupation;
|-
| 1959 || || On July 28, the [[Ioanid Gang]] carries out the most famous bank robbery ever to occur in a Communist state;
|-
| 1960 || || Oliviu Beldeanu, the leader of the group that occupied the Romanian embassy in [[Bern]] five years earlier, is executed in Bucharest;
|-
| 1965 || || On March 19, [[Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej]] dies and [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]] is elected General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party and becomes the state leader. The official name of the country is changed into The Socialist Republic of Romania. The third Communist constitution is ratified;
|-
| 1966 || || [[Automobile Dacia|Intreprinderea de Autoturisme Pitești]] is established. Two years later Romania start the [[mass production]], the first mass production of a car – [[Dacia 1100]]. Nicolae Ceaușescu orders that the abortion decree signed in 1957 to be reversed and new policies to increase birth rate and fertility rate are introduced. The policy fails, as the population begins to swell, accompanied by rising poverty and increased homelessness children in the urban areas;
|-
| 1968 || || Romania refuse to participate in the [[invasion of Czechoslovakia]]. Nicolae Ceaușescu openly condemns the action, thus he becomes a Western world favourite. [[Richard Nixon]]'s visit to Romania was the first by an American president to a Communist country. The [[Patriotic Guards (Romania)|Patriotic Guards]] are formed as an additional defence force in case of an attack from the outside;
|-
| 1972 || || In order to develop a "multilaterally socialist society", Nicolae Ceaușescu starts [[urban planning]], following the ideologies of [[North Korea]]. The face of the country is completely changed in the years to come;
|-
| 1974 || || Nicolae Ceaușescu becomes the first [[President of Romania]]. Romania become the first country in the [[Eastern Bloc]] ever to establish economic relations with the [[European Community]]. The Generalised System of Preferences is signed, followed by an Agreement on Industrial Products in 1980.
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1976 || || At the age of 14, [[Nadia Comăneci]] becomes one of the stars of the [[1976 Summer Olympics]] in Montreal. During the team portion of the competition, her routine on the uneven bars is scored at a 10.0. It is the first time in modern Olympic gymnastics history that the score had ever been awarded. Over the next years, Nadia will become one of the best known Romanians in the world;
|-
| || The Danube-Black Sea Canal project restarts;
|-
| 1977 || || On 4 March 21:20 local time, an earthquake occurs with a magnitude of 7.4 and epicentre in [[Vrancea County|Vrancea]] at a depth of 94 kilometres.  The earthquake killed about 1,570 people and injured more than 11,000. Total damages are estimated at more than two billion dollars. On 1 July 35,000 out of 90,000 miners in [[Jiu Valley]] decide to stop working. Their protest is the biggest of this kind in [[Communist Romania]] before the [[Romanian Revolution|1989 revolution]]. The strike only ends when Nicolae Ceaușescu intervened in person.
|-
| 1978 || || [[Ion Mihai Pacepa]], a senior officer in [[Securitate]], defected to the United States becoming the highest ranking defector from the Eastern Bloc;
|-
| 1980 || || Construction of the [[Cernavodă Nuclear Power Plant]] begins. The fourth Communist constitution is ratified;
|-
| 1981 || || The [[1981 Summer Universiade]] becomes the most important sport event ever to be hosted by Romania. [[Dumitru Prunariu]] becomes the first Romanian in space;
|-
| 1983 || || As part of the [[Systematization (Romania)|urban planning]] programme, significant portions of the historic centre of Bucharest are demolished in order to accommodate standardized apartment blocks and government buildings, including the grandiose [[Centrul Civic]] and the palatial [[Palace of the Parliament|House of the People]], the second largest government building in the world;
|-
| 1984 || || Romania is, alongside People's Republic of China and Yugoslavia, one of the three Communist countries to take part to the [[1984 Summer Olympics]] in Los Angeles, USA. The Danube-Black Sea Canal is finally completed after nearly four decades;
|-
| 1986 || || On 7 May, [[FC Steaua București|Steaua București]] win the [[UEFA Champions League|European Cup]] and become the first <!-- is not the only one from a Communist country, Red Star Belgrade from Yugoslavia won the trophy in 1991 -->[[association football|football]] team from a Communist country to win the trophy;
|-
| 1987 || || In a climate of economic depression and food shortages a [[Brașov Rebellion|rebellion]] erupts on November 15 in the city of Brașov. Over 300 protesters are arrested for [[hooliganism]].
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1989 || || On December 16, protests break out in [[Timișoara]]. Five days later Nicolae Ceaușescu organises a mass meeting in Bucharest. The jeers and whistles soon erupt into a riot, as the crowd takes to the streets, placing the capital in turmoil. Nicolae Ceaușescu and his wife leave Bucharest putting an end to four decades of Communist rule in Romania. On December 25, after a short trial, Nicolae Ceaușescu and his wife are executed.
|-
| || The [[National Salvation Front (Romania)|National Salvation Front]] (FSN) take the power during the [[Romanian Revolution]]. The leader is elected [[Ion Iliescu]]. The new name of the republic becomes Romania;
|-
| 1990 || || On 20 May, free elections are held in Romania for the first time after fifty years. [[National Salvation Front (Romania)|FSN]], which became a political party, win the elections. Iliescu is elected the second President of Romania. Before and after the elections, a protest initiated by the students and professors of [[University of Bucharest]], which was also supported by many intellectuals, demanded that former members of the Romanian Communist Party, which included Iliescu, should be banned from elections. The protest was ended by the intervention of the miners from [[Jiu Valley]], brought to Bucharest by Iliescu himself in what is remembered as the [[June 1990 Mineriad]];
|-
| 1991 || || A new constitution is ratified;
|-
| 1992 || || Elections are held and Iliescu wins a second mandate. [[Privatization]] of the industry starts;
|-
| 1993 || || Romania apply to become a member of the [[European Union]]. The first [[wireless telephony]] system becomes active;
|-
| 1995 || || The Stock Exchange reopens in Bucharest;
|-
| 1996 || || [[Emil Constantinescu]] becomes the third President of Romania;
|-
| 1997 || || Romania join the countries able to use [[GSM]] telephony;
|-
| 2000 || || Iliescu returns to power after winning the elections;
|}
{{anchor|3rd millennium}}

== 3rd millennium ==
<div class="toc">'''Centuries''': [[#21st century|21st]]</div>

=== 21st century ===
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| [[2004 in Romania|2004]] || || On April 2, Romania joins the [[NATO]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=NATO Update: NATO welcomes seven new members - 2 April 2004 |url=https://www.nato.int/docu/update/2004/04-april/e0402a.htm |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=www.nato.int}}</ref> [[Traian Băsescu]] becomes the fifth President of Romania on 20 December.
|-
| [[2007 in Romania|2007]] || || On January 1, Romania joins the European Union, [[2007 enlargement of the European Union|together]] with Bulgaria. [[Traian Băsescu]] was temporarily suspended for alleged constitutional violations and replaced with [[Nicolae Văcăroiu]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hotnews.ro |url=http://www.hotnews.ro/arhiva_avt/3542.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929111232/http://www.hotnews.ro/arhiva_avt/3542.pdf |archive-date=29 September 2007}}</ref><ref name="RFE">{{Cite news |last=Tomiuc |first=Eugen |date=2008-04-08 |title=Romanian Parliament Suspends President |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1075960.html |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[2008 in Romania|2008]] || || In February [[Government of Romania|the Government]] overrule court decision that commission investigating Communist-era secret police is illegal. For two days, starting on April 2, Romania host [[2008 Bucharest summit|2008 NATO summit]]. Legislative election are held on November 30. [[Emil Boc]] becomes the new Prime Minister following the elections.
|-
| [[2009 in Romania|2009]] || || Badly affected by the [[Great Recession]], the [[International Monetary Fund]] and other lenders agree to provide Romania a rescue package worth 20bn [[Euro]]s.<ref>{{cite web |title=IMF Survey: Romania Receives Support from IMF to Counter Crisis |url=https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2015/09/28/04/53/soint050409a |website=International Monetary Fund |access-date=28 August 2022}}</ref> A [[Government of Romania|Government]] crisis begins in April when the [[Social Democratic Party (Romania)|Social Democratic Party]] pulls out of ruling coalition, leaving Prime Minister Emil Boc the head of minority government, which subsequently loses a confidence vote in parliament. On December 6, [[Traian Băsescu]] is re-elected as president for a second mandate after marginally winning the [[2009 Romanian presidential election|presidential election]] in front of [[Mircea Geoană]].
|-
| [[2012 in Romania|2012]]|| January 12|| [[2012–2015 unrest in Romania|Large protests]] against Prime Minister [[Victor Ponta]]. (to 2015)
|-
| [[2014 in Romania|2014]] || December 21 || [[Klaus Iohannis]] becomes the  sixth President of Romania, who is also the first [[Germans of Romania|ethnic German]] President of Romania.
|-
|[[2021 in Romania|2021]]
|September 1
|The beginning of the [[2021 Romanian political crisis]] caused by disagreements by [[USR PLUS]] over the investment program and sacking of Justice Minister [[Stelian Ion]].<ref name="stelianion">{{cite web |date=September 2021 |title=Dan Barna, după demiterea ministrului Justiției, Stelian Ion: "Florin Cîţu trebuie să plece" |url=https://ziarulunirea.ro/dan-barna-dupa-demiterea-ministrului-justitiei-stelian-ion-florin-citu-trebuie-sa-plece-731022/ |website=Ziarul Unirea}}</ref>
|}

== See also ==
;Cities in Romania
* [[Timeline of Bucharest]]
* [[Timeline of Cluj-Napoca]]
* [[Timeline of Iași]]
* [[Timeline of Sibiu]]

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book|editor= [[William Henry Overall]] |title= Dictionary of Chronology|year=1870|publisher=William Tegg |location=London |chapter= Danubian Principalities |hdl= 2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949?urlappend=%3Bseq=212|chapter-url= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949?urlappend=%3Bseq=212 |via=Hathi Trust }}
* {{cite book|editor= [[Henry Smith Williams]] |title=Historians' History of the World |volume=24 |year=1908|publisher= Hooper & [[Walter Montgomery Jackson|Jackson]] |location=London |chapter-url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/njp.32101063964728?urlappend=%3Bseq=270 |chapter= Chronological Summary of the History of the Balkan States and Modern Greece: Rumania |pages=240–3 |hdl=2027/njp.32101063964728?urlappend=%3Bseq=270 }}
* {{Citation |publisher = Ward, Lock & Co. |location = London |title = Haydn's Dictionary of Dates |author = Benjamin Vincent |edition = 25th |date = 1910 |chapter=Roumania |chapter-url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/loc.ark:/13960/t89g6g776?urlappend=%3Bseq=1196 |via=Hathi Trust |title-link = Haydn's Dictionary of Dates |hdl = 2027/loc.ark:/13960/t89g6g776?urlappend=%3Bseq=1196 }}
* {{cite book|publisher=Europa Publications|title= Political Chronology of Europe |year= 2003|isbn=978-1-135-35687-3 |chapter=Romania |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=hVNvCz0c_gsC&pg=PA197 |pages=197–205 }}
* {{cite book
|author= David Turnock
|title=The Economy of East Central Europe, 1815–1989: Stages of Transformation in a Peripheral Region
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VbiEAgAAQBAJ
|year=2006
|publisher=Routledge
|isbn=978-1-134-67876-1
|chapter=Chronology: Romania
|page=440+
}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
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* {{cite book |last=Bertényi |first=Iván |year=1989 |title=Nagy Lajos király ''[King Louis the Great]'' |publisher=Kossuth Könyvkiadó |isbn=963-09-3388-8}}
* {{cite book |last=Birley |first=Anthony R.|title=Marcus Aurelius: A Biography|edition=2nd|year=2000 |orig-year=1987|publisher=Routledge}}
* {{cite book |last=Bóna |first=István |editor1-last=Köpeczi |editor1-first=Béla |editor2-last=Barta |editor2-first=Gábor |editor3-last=Bóna |editor3-first=István |editor4-last=Makkai |editor4-first=László |editor5-last=Szász |editor5-first=Zoltán |editor6-last=Borus |editor6-first=Judit | title=History of Transylvania |publisher=Akadémiai Kiadó |year=1994 |pages=62–177 |chapter=From Dacia to Transylvania: The Period of the Great Migrations (271&ndash;895); The Hungarian&ndash;Slav Period (895&ndash;1172) |isbn=963-05-6703-2}}
* {{cite journal|last=Cortés|first=Juan Manuel|journal=Habis|title=La datación de la expedición de los Costobocos: la subscripción de XXII K de Elio Arístides|volume=25|year=1995|pages=187–193}}
* {{cite journal |last=Croitoru |first=Costin|journal=Istros|title=Despre organizarea ''limes''-ului la Dunărea de Jos. Note de lectură (V)|volume=XV|year=2009|pages=385–430}}
* {{Cite book|last=Curta|first=Florin|author-link=Florin Curta|title=Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250|year=2006|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|url=https://archive.org/details/southeasterneuro0000curt|url-access=registration}}
* {{cite book |last=Fiedler |first=Uwe |editor1-last=Curta |editor1-first=Florin |editor2-last=Kovalev |editor2-first=Roman | title=The Other Europe in the Middle Ages: Avars, Bulgars, Khazars, and Cumans |publisher=Brill |year=2008 |pages=151–236 |chapter=Bulgars in the Lower Danube region: A survey of the archaeological evidence and of the state of current research |isbn=978-90-04-16389-8}}
* {{cite book |last=Fine |first=John V. A |year=1991  |title=The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth century |publisher= The University of Michigan Press |isbn=0-472-08149-7}}
* {{cite book |last=Gherghel |first=Ilie|language=ro|title=Cateva consideratiuni la cuprinsul notiunii cuvantului "Vlach"|location=Bucuresti|publisher=Convorbiri Literare|year=1920}}
* {{Cite book |last=Jefferson |first=John |title=The Holy Wars of King Wladislas and Sultan Murad: The Ottoman-Christian Conflict from 1438–1444 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |year=2012 |isbn=978-90-04-21904-5 |location=[[Leiden]]}}
* {{cite book |last=Jesch |first=Judith |title=Ships and Men in the Late Viking Age: The Vocabulary of Runic Inscriptions and Skaldic Verse |date=2001 |location=Woodbrige |publisher=The Boydell Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p8ZK3v0hrk4C |isbn=0851158269}}
* {{cite book |last=Johnson |first=Diane |chapter=Libanius' ''Monody for Daphne'' (''Oration'' 60) and the ''Eleusinios Logos'' of Aelius Aristides|title=Perceptions of the Second Sophistic and its times|editor1-first=Thomas|editor1-last=Schmidt|editor2-first=Pascale|editor2-last=Fleury|year=2011|pages=199–214}}
* {{cite book |last=Kovács |first=Péter|title=Marcus Aurelius' rain miracle and the Marcomannic wars |year=2009|publisher=Brill}}
* {{Cite book |last=Kristó |first=Gyula |author-link=Gyula Kristó |title=A vármegyék kialakulása Magyarországon ''("The formation of counties in Hungary")'' |publisher=Magvető Könyvkiadó |year=1988 |location=Budapest |isbn=978-963-14-1189-8}}
* {{Cite book |last=Kristó |first=Gyula |year=2003 |title=Early Transylvania (895-1324) |publisher= Lucidus Kiadó |isbn=963-9465-12-7}}
* {{Cite book |last=Madgearu |first= Alexandru |year=2005b |title=The Romanians in the Anonymous'' Gesta Hungarorum'': Truth and Fiction |publisher=Romanian Cultural Institute, Center for Transylvanian Studies |isbn= 973-7784-01-4}}
* {{cite book |last=Madgearu |first=Alexandru |year=2016 |title=The Asanids: The Political and Military History of the Second Bulgarian Empire, 1185–1280 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-9-004-32501-2 }}
* {{cite book |last=Pritsak |first=Omeljan |author-link=Omeljan Pritsak |title=The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas |publisher=Harvard University Press |date=1981 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zF5pAAAAMAAJ |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |isbn=0-674-64465-4}}
* {{cite book |last=Sălăgean |first=Tudor |editor1-last=Pop |editor1-first=Ioan-Aurel |editor2-last=Bolovan |editor2-first=Ioan |title=History of Romania: Compendium |publisher=Romanian Cultural Institute (Center for Transylvanian Studies) |year=2005 |pages=133–207 |chapter=Romanian Society in the Early Middle Ages (9th–14th Centuries&nbsp;AD) |isbn=978-973-7784-12-4}}
* {{cite journal |last=Scheidel |first=Walterl|journal=Historia|title=Probleme der Datierung des Costoboceneinfalls im Balkanraum unter Marcus Aurelius|volume=39|year=1990|pages=493–498}}

== External links ==
* {{cite news |url= https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17776265 |title= Romania Profile: Timeline |newspaper=BBC News|date= November 5, 2019 }}

{{Years in Romania}}
{{Romania topics}}

[[Category:Romanian history timelines| ]]
[[Category:Years in Romania]]
[[Category:Timelines by country|Romania]]