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{{short description|British Army Air Corps officer and astronaut (born 1972)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2017}}{{Use British English|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox astronaut
| name = Tim Peake
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|CMG}} [[Institution of Engineering and Technology|HonFIET]]
| image = Timothy Peake, official portrait.jpg
| image_size = 
| caption = Peake in 2013
| status = Retired<ref>{{Cite web |title=Astronaut Tim Peake assumes ESA ambassadorial role |url=https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Astronaut_Tim_Peake_assumes_ESA_ambassadorial_role |access-date=2023-01-20 |website=www.esa.int |language=en}}</ref>
| birth_name = Timothy Nigel Peake
| birth_place = [[Chichester]], [[Sussex]], England
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1972|04|07}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Human_Spaceflight/Astronauts/Timothy_Peake|title=Timothy Peake|publisher=[[European Space Agency]]|access-date=31 August 2016}}</ref><ref name=whoswho>{{Who's Who | title=PEAKE, Timothy Nigel | id = U281695 | volume = 2016 | edition = online [[Oxford University Press]]|location=Oxford}}</ref>
| occupation = Test pilot and astronaut
| type = [[ESA astronaut]]
| previous_occupation = [[British Army]] officer
| alma_mater = [[University of Portsmouth]] (BSc)
| rank = [[Major (United Kingdom)|Major]]
| time = 185&nbsp;days, 22&nbsp;hours, 11&nbsp;minutes
| selection = [[List of astronauts by selection#2009|2009 ESA Group]]
| eva1 = 1
| eva2 = 4&nbsp;hours, 43&nbsp;minutes
| mission = [[Soyuz TMA-19M]] ([[Expedition 46]]/[[Expedition 47|47]])<!--Per Infobox astronaut instructions, wait until mission has launched to add this line:<br/>[[Axiom Mission 5|Ax-5]] (Planned)-->
| insignia = [[File:ISS Expedition 46 Patch.svg|45px]] [[File:ISS Expedition 47 Patch.svg|45px]]
| Date of ret = 
| awards = Companion of the [[Order of St Michael and St George]]
| website = {{URL|http://www.timpeake.com}} {{URL|http://principia.org.uk}}
}}

[[Major (United Kingdom)|Major]] '''Timothy''' '''Nigel Peake''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|CMG}} (born 7 April 1972) is a retired British [[European Space Agency]] astronaut, [[Army Air Corps (United Kingdom)|Army Air Corps]] officer and author.

He is the first British ESA astronaut, the second astronaut to bear a flag of the United Kingdom patch (following [[Helen Sharman]]),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cockburn |first=Harry |date=18 June 2016 |title=Tim Peake touches down safely after six months in space |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/tim-peake-returns-british-astronaut-touches-down-on-earth-in-kazakhstan-after-six-months-in-space-a7088841.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207201946/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/tim-peake-returns-british-astronaut-touches-down-on-earth-in-kazakhstan-after-six-months-in-space-a7088841.html |archive-date=7 December 2023 |access-date=6 December 2023 |work=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> the sixth person born in the United Kingdom to go on board the International Space Station, and the seventh UK-born person in space.<ref>{{cite news |date=15 December 2015 |title=Tim Peake launch: The seven Britons to go to space |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-35103788 |url-status=live |access-date=15 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530105057/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-35103788 |archive-date=30 May 2023}}</ref> He began the ESA's intensive astronaut basic training course in September 2009 and graduated on 22 November 2010.<ref>{{cite news |author=Amos |first=Jonathan |date=22 November 2010 |title=Europe's new astronauts graduate |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-11811658.stm |url-status=dead |access-date=22 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206181443/http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-11811658.stm |archive-date=6 December 2017}}</ref>

==Early life==
Peake was born in [[Chichester]], [[Sussex]], on April 7, 1972. He grew up in [[Westbourne, West Sussex|Westbourne]], [[West Sussex]].<ref name=whoswho>{{Who's Who | title=PEAKE, Timothy Nigel | id = U281695 | volume = 2016 | edition = online [[Oxford University Press]]|location=Oxford}}</ref> He studied at the [[Chichester High School for Boys]], leaving in 1990 to attend the [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bremner |first1=Charles |last2=Henderson |first2=Mark |last3=Devlin |first3=Hannah |date=20 May 2009 |title=Briton Major Timothy Peake named as Europe's latest astronaut |work=[[The Times]] |location=London |url=https://www.thetimes.com/travel/destinations/europe-travel/briton-major-timothy-peake-named-as-europes-latest-astronaut-klw67mh6xpp |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=27 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816104821/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/briton-major-timothy-peake-named-as-europes-latest-astronaut-klw67mh6xpp |archive-date=16 August 2017}}</ref>

==Career==
===Military and aeronautical===
Upon graduation from [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]], Peake received a short-service commission as a second lieutenant in the Army Air Corps on 8 August 1992.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=53087 |date=26 October 1992|page=17984 |supp=y }}</ref>  He served during rotary training holding as a platoon commander with the [[Royal Green Jackets]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Sample |first=Ian |date=21 May 2009 |title=European Space Agency recruits test pilot as Britain's first official astronaut |work=[[The Guardian]] |location=London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2009/may/20/british-astronaut-european-space-agency-training |access-date=27 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030064627/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2009/may/20/british-astronaut-european-space-agency-training |archive-date=30 October 2022}}</ref> and was promoted to lieutenant on 8 August 1994.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=53835 |date=31 October 1994|page=15271 |supp=y }}</ref> On 9 July 1997, he transferred to a regular commission, receiving a promotion to captain on 20 August.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=55051 |date=23 February 1998|page=2161 |supp=y }}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette |issue=54893 |date=15 September 1997|page=10459 |supp=y }}</ref>

Peake became a qualified helicopter pilot in 1994 and a qualified helicopter instructor in 1998, graduating from CFS(H) at the [[Defence Helicopter Flying School]] at [[RAF Shawbury]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Space ace Tim's early grounding at RAF Shawbury|work=Shropshire Star|date=16 December 2015|page=1}}</ref> in [[Shropshire]]. Promoted to major on 31 July 2004,<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=57371 |date=3 August 2004|page=9763 |supp=y }}</ref> he graduated from the [[Empire Test Pilots School]] in [[Wiltshire]] the following year, and was awarded the Westland's Trophy for best rotary wing student. He then served on [[Rotary Wing Test and Evaluation Squadron]] (RWTES) at [[MOD Boscombe Down]] completing trials on [[Apache helicopter]]s.

Peake completed a BSc (Hons) in Flight Dynamics and Evaluation at the [[University of Portsmouth]] the following year.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |date=5 October 2009 |title=Timothy (Tim) Peake |url=https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Astronauts/Timothy_Tim_Peake |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210032614/https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Astronauts/Timothy_Tim_Peake |archive-date=10 December 2022 |access-date=27 March 2010 |website=[[European Space Agency]]}}</ref> Peake left the army in 2009 after 17 years of service and over 3,000 flying hours to his credit, becoming a test pilot with [[AgustaWestland]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.agustawestland.com/node/3564|title=AgustaWestland Test Pilot Selected For Astronaut Training|date=20 May 2009|publisher=AgustaWestland|access-date=27 March 2010|archive-date=7 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707100204/http://www.agustawestland.com/node/3564|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Jackson |first=Peter |date=20 May 2009 |title=It's ground control to Major Tim |work=[[BBC News]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/8059999.stm |url-status=live |access-date=21 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215113514/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/8059999.stm |archive-date=15 December 2023}}</ref>

==In ESA==
[[File:NEEMO 16 aquanaut Tim Peake.jpg|thumb|Peake on the NEEMO 16 mission]]
Peake was selected to join the European Space Agency astronaut corps in 2009, flew to the ISS in 2015/16, and retired from active service in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 January 2023 |title=Astronaut Tim Peake assumes ESA ambassadorial role |url=https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Astronaut_Tim_Peake_assumes_ESA_ambassadorial_role |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231127220648/https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Astronaut_Tim_Peake_assumes_ESA_ambassadorial_role |archive-date=27 November 2023 |access-date=20 January 2023 |website=[[European Space Agency]] |language=en}}</ref>

Peake beat over 8,000 other applicants for one of the six places on the ESA's new astronaut training programme. The selection process included taking academic tests, fitness assessments and several interviews.<ref>{{cite news |last=Gray |first=Richard |date=31 May 2009 |title=Britain's first official astronaut Tim Peake defends sending humans into space |publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |location=London |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/space/5413169/Britains-first-official-astronaut-Tim-Peake-defends-sending-humans-into-space.html |url-status=dead |access-date=27 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100125174121/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/space/5413169/Britains-first-official-astronaut-Tim-Peake-defends-sending-humans-into-space.html |archive-date=25 January 2010}}</ref> Peake moved to Cologne with his family for the ESA training.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sample |first=Ian |date=23 March 2010 |title=Lift-off for new space agency which aims to rocket UK out of recession |work=[[The Guardian]] |location=London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2010/mar/23/uk-space-agency-launched |url-status=live |access-date=27 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030064620/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2010/mar/23/uk-space-agency-launched |archive-date=30 October 2022}}</ref>

Peake was the first British or UK-born person to fly into space without a private contract (as did [[Helen Sharman]],<ref>{{cite news |date=18 May 1991 |title=On This Day: 1991: Sharman becomes first Briton in space |work=[[BBC News]] |publisher= |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/18/newsid_2380000/2380649.stm |url-status=live |access-date=15 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002082143/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/18/newsid_2380000/2380649.stm |archive-date=2 October 2023}}</ref> [[Mark Shuttleworth]], and [[Richard Garriott]]) and/or foreign citizenship (held by astronauts [[Michael Foale]], [[Gregory H. Johnson]], [[Piers Sellers]], [[Nicholas Patrick]],<ref>{{cite news |author=Amos |first=Jonathan |date=20 May 2009 |title=Europe unveils British astronaut |work=[[BBC News]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/8058601.stm |url-status=live |access-date=20 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125070144/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/8058601.stm |archive-date=25 January 2023}}</ref> Shuttleworth, and Garriott).

As part of his extensive astronaut training in 2011, Peake and five other astronauts joined an international mission, living in and exploring cave systems in Sardinia. This [[ESA CAVES]]<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2021-07-01|title=Speleology as an analogue to space exploration: The ESA CAVES training programme|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0094576521001478|journal=Acta Astronautica|language=en|volume=184|pages=150–166|doi=10.1016/j.actaastro.2021.04.003|issn=0094-5765|last1=Sauro|first1=Francesco|last2=De Waele|first2=Jo|last3=Payler|first3=Samuel J.|last4=Vattano|first4=Marco|last5=Sauro|first5=Francesco Maria|last6=Turchi|first6=Leonardo|last7=Bessone|first7=Loredana|bibcode=2021AcAau.184..150S|s2cid=234819922 |hdl=11585/819077|hdl-access=free}}</ref> mission enabled them to study how humans react to living in extreme conditions with complete isolation from the outside world. This expedition gave the team an idea of what they could expect and how they would cope in the confined space of the ISS.<ref name="auto">{{cite journal |last=Mundell |first=Sam |date=February 2015 |title=Tim Peake ready to become United Kingdom's official ISS resident |url=http://www.rocketstem.org/2015/02/16/tim-peake-ready-to-become-united-kingdoms-official-iss-resident/ |journal=RocketSTEM |issue=10 |page=32 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607051718/https://www.rocketstem.org/2015/02/16/tim-peake-ready-to-become-united-kingdoms-official-iss-resident/ |archive-date=7 June 2023}}</ref>

On 16 April 2012, NASA announced that Peake would serve as an [[aquanaut]] aboard the [[Aquarius (laboratory)|Aquarius]] [[Underwater habitat|underwater laboratory]] during the [[NEEMO#NEEMO 16: June 11–22, 2012|NEEMO 16]] undersea exploration mission, scheduled to begin on 11 June 2012 and last twelve days.<ref name="sixteen">{{cite web |author=Braukus |first=Michael |last2=Dean |first2=Brandi |date=16 April 2012 |title=NASA – NASA Announces 16th Undersea Exploration Mission Dates and Crew |url=http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2012/apr/HQ_12-116_NEEMO.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904181409/https://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2012/apr/HQ_12-116_NEEMO.html |archive-date=4 September 2023 |access-date=17 April 2012 |website=[[NASA]]}}</ref><ref name="sixteen2">{{cite web |last=Peake |first=Tim |date=29 April 2012 |title=NEEMO 16 – In search of an asteroid |url=http://blogs.esa.int/astronauts/2012/04/29/neemo-16-in-search-of-an-asteroid/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513202433/https://blogs.esa.int/astronauts/2012/04/29/neemo-16-in-search-of-an-asteroid/ |archive-date=13 May 2023 |access-date=3 May 2012 |website=European Space Agency}}</ref> The NEEMO 16 crew successfully "splashed down" at 11:05 am on 11 June.<ref name="sixteen3">{{cite web |author=The NEEMO Mission Management and Topside Support Team |date=11 June 2012 |title=NEEMO 16 Mission Day 1 – Status Report |url=http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/659389main_Topside%20Report-MD01-Final.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009100000/https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/659389main_Topside%20Report-MD01-Final.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |access-date=13 June 2012 |website=NASA}}</ref> On the morning of 12 June, Peake and his crewmates officially became aquanauts, having spent over 24 hours underwater.<ref name="sixteen4">{{cite web |author=The NEEMO Mission Management and Topside Support Team |date=12 June 2012 |title=NEEMO 16 Mission Day 2 – Status Report |url=http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/659661main_Topside-Report-MD02-Final.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009093459/https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/659661main_Topside-Report-MD02-Final.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |access-date=13 June 2012 |website=NASA}}</ref> The crew safely returned to the surface on 22 June.<ref name="sixteen5">{{cite web |author=The NEEMO Mission Management and Topside Support Team |date=22 June 2012 |title=NEEMO 16 Mission Day 12 – Status Report |url=http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/662324main_Topside-Report-MD12-Final.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009213014/https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/662324main_Topside-Report-MD12-Final.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |access-date=11 July 2012 |website=NASA}}</ref>

During [[Expedition 44]] Peake served as a backup astronaut for [[Soyuz TMA-17M]] spaceflight.<ref>{{cite web |date=15 May 2015 |editor-last=Garcia |editor-first=Mark |title=Expedition 44 Backup Crew Members |url=https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/expedition-44-backup-crew-members |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613233605/https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/expedition-44-backup-crew-members/ |archive-date=13 June 2021 |access-date=21 July 2015 |website=[[NASA]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Evans |first1=Ben |date=21 July 2015 |title=All-Civilian Soyuz TMA-17M Crew Ready for Wednesday Launch to Space Station (Part 2) |url=http://www.americaspace.com/?p=84539 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160515003433/http://www.americaspace.com/?p=84539 |archive-date=15 May 2016 |access-date=21 July 2015 |website=America Space}}</ref>

===Expedition 46/47===
Peake was launched to the space station (ISS), on 15 December 2015, for Expeditions [[Expedition 46|46]] and [[Expedition 47|47]].<ref name="bbcpasses">{{cite news |date=6 May 2015 |title=Tim Peake passes final Soyuz exam |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-32617025 |access-date=13 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206170502/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-32617025 |archive-date=6 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Garcia |first=Mark |date=9 June 2015 |title=Roscosmos Announces New Soyuz/Progress Launch Dates |url=http://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2015/06/09/roscosmos-announces-new-soyuzprogress-launch-dates/?linkId=14819770 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326064601/https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2015/06/09/roscosmos-announces-new-soyuzprogress-launch-dates/?linkId=14819770 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=9 June 2015 |website=NASA}}</ref> He launched successfully at 11:03 GMT from [[Baikonur Cosmodrome]]<ref name="bbclaunch">{{cite news |date=15 December 2015 |title=Briton Tim Peake blasts off for space |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-35101643 |url-status=live |access-date=15 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712193031/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-35101643 |archive-date=12 July 2023}}</ref> on board [[Soyuz TMA-19M]]. The official website dedicated to his mission is principia.org.uk.<ref>{{cite web |title=Principia |url=http://principia.org.uk |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113024546/https://principia.org.uk/ |archive-date=13 November 2015 |access-date=13 November 2015 |website=principia.org.uk |quote=On 15 December British European Space Agency astronaut Tim Peake will be launched on his mission to the International Space Station.}}</ref>

During the launch, as per tradition, each cosmonaut was allowed three songs to be played to them. Peake chose [[Queen (band)|Queen]]'s "[[Don't Stop Me Now]]", [[U2]]'s "[[Beautiful Day]]" and [[Coldplay]]'s "[[A Sky Full of Stars]]".<ref>{{cite news |last=Hall |first=John |date=13 December 2015 |title=British ISS astronaut Tim Peake reveals blast-off playlist music includes U2, Queen and Coldplay |work=[[International Business Times]] |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/british-iss-astronaut-tim-peake-reveals-blast-off-playlist-music-includes-u2-queen-coldplay-1533131 |access-date=15 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520230251/https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/british-iss-astronaut-tim-peake-reveals-blast-off-playlist-music-includes-u2-queen-coldplay-1533131 |archive-date=20 May 2022}}</ref>

[[File:ISS-46 Timothy Peake prepares to install a sensor inside the Columbus module.jpg|thumb| Peake working in the ''[[Columbus Module|Columbus]]'' module]]

During docking, the [[Kurs (docking navigation system)|Kurs docking navigation system]] failed, and a manual docking was performed by [[Yuri Malenchenko]] who was alongside Peake and [[Tim Kopra]]. This delayed docking with the ISS by 10 minutes. The Soyuz finally docked with the ISS at 17:33 GMT.<ref name="SI1">{{cite news |last=Richardson |first=Derek |date=15 December 2015 |title=Astronaut trio launches to, docks with space station in Soyuz TMA-19M |work=Spaceflight Insider |url=http://www.spaceflightinsider.com/missions/iss/astronaut-trio-launches-space-station-soyuz-tma-19m/ |access-date=15 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529183210/https://www.spaceflightinsider.com/missions/iss/astronaut-trio-launches-space-station-soyuz-tma-19m/ |archive-date=29 May 2023}}</ref> Peake received messages of support from the [[Elizabeth II|Queen]] and [[Elton John]], after the successful docking.<ref>{{cite news |date=18 December 2015 |title=Tim Peake: 'Loving every minute' of first days in space |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-35131174 |access-date=18 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328160623/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-35131174 |archive-date=28 March 2023}}</ref> His first meal at the ISS was a bacon sandwich and a cup of tea.<ref>{{cite news |last=Press Association |date=18 December 2015 |title=Pig in space: astronaut Tim Peake's first meal in orbit was a bacon sandwich |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/dec/18/astronaut-tim-peake-first-meal-space-bacon-sandwich |access-date=18 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626185126/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/dec/18/astronaut-tim-peake-first-meal-space-bacon-sandwich |archive-date=26 June 2022}}</ref>
[[File:ISS-47 Tim Peake and Tim Kopra in the Harmony node.jpg|thumb|right| Peake celebrating 100 days in space with Expedition 47 Commander [[Tim Kopra]]]]

A new year's message by Peake was broadcast by the BBC to celebrate 2016.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 January 2016 |title=Tim Peake's New Year message from International Space Station |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/science-environment-35208482 |url-status=live |access-date=1 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226122100/https://www.bbc.com/news/av/science-environment-35208482 |archive-date=26 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 January 2016 |title=Astronaut Tim Peake says Happy New Year to 'beautiful planet Earth' |url=http://home.bt.com/news/uk-news/astronaut-tim-peake-says-happy-new-year-to-beautiful-planet-earth-11364031385994 |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304101046/http://home.bt.com/news/uk-news/astronaut-tim-peake-says-happy-new-year-to-beautiful-planet-earth-11364031385994 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=1 January 2016 |website=BT.com}}</ref>

Peake supported a spacewalk by two American astronauts on 21 December 2015. He participated in the first spacewalk outside the [[International Space Station|ISS]] by a British astronaut on 15 January 2016. The purpose of the spacewalk was to replace a faulty [[Electrical system of the International Space Station#Sequential shunt unit (SSU)|sequential shunt unit]] on the station's solar arrays.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Rincon |first1=Paul |date=5 January 2016 |title=Tim Peake set for first spacewalk by British astronaut |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-35236442 |url-status=live |access-date=2 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115011520/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-35236442 |archive-date=15 November 2021}}</ref>

[[File:ISS-46 EVA-1 (c) Timothy Peake.jpg|thumb|Peake pictured during his first career EVA]]

In February 2016, Peake presented [[Adele]] with a Global Success award at the [[2016 Brit Awards|Brit Awards]] in London.

On 24 April 2016, Peake ran the [[2016 London Marathon]] from the ISS treadmill. Peake became the first man to run the marathon from space and the second person to run a marathon from space, after [[Sunita Williams]], who ran the 2007 [[Boston Marathon]] from the ISS.<ref>{{cite news |last=Rincon |first=Paul |date=24 April 2016 |title=Tim Peake 'runs' London Marathon from space |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-36112137 |url-status=live |access-date=27 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230504064748/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-36112137 |archive-date=4 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=Washington Post |last=Feltman |first=Rachel |title=An astronaut is running the London Marathon from space |date=7 December 2015}}</ref>

Peake was appointed a [[Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George]] (CMG) in the 2016 Birthday Honours for services to space research and scientific education.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=61608 |supp=y|page=B3|date=11 June 2016}}</ref>

At a special meeting of the Chichester City Council on 17 February 2016, it was agreed unanimously to confer the Freedom of the City upon Peake with the appropriate ceremony after his return later in 2016.<ref>{{cite news |date=17 February 2016 |title=Tim Peake honoured by Chichester City Council |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-sussex-35595058 |access-date=12 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517075111/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-sussex-35595058 |archive-date=17 May 2021}}</ref>
[[File:Expedition 47 Soyuz TMA-19M Landing (NHQ201606180004).jpg|thumb|right| Peake being carried to a medical tent shortly after the landing of [[Soyuz TMA-19M]]]]
On 18 June 2016, Peake returned to Earth from the ISS aboard the descent module of the Soyuz spacecraft that had taken him to the space station in December 2015.  The spacecraft landed on the Kazakh steppe in [[Kazakhstan]] almost {{convert|300|mi|km|abbr=on|order=flip}} southwest of the major city of [[Karaganda]], landing at 09.15 UTC. Peake had completed approximately 3,000 orbits of the Earth and had covered a distance of 125 million kilometres (78 million miles).<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 June 2016 |title=UK astronaut Tim Peake returns to Earth |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-36519886 |url-status=live |access-date=15 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416050042/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-36519886 |archive-date=16 April 2023}}</ref>

==Nobel Peace Prize==
{{Quote box |width=300px|align=right |quoted=true |bgcolor=#FFFFF0 |salign=right
 |quote =<poem>
Life up here is absolutely spectacular ... amazing view of Earth  ... way beyond my expectation.
</poem><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-35131174|title=Tim Peake: Life in space is 'absolutely spectacular|work=BBC News|date=18 December 2015|access-date=18 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328160623/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-35131174|archive-date=28 March 2023}}</ref>}}
At the UK National Student Space Conference in early 2014, Peake expressed his support for the initiative to award the International Space Station partnership the [[Nobel Peace Prize]]. "I was delighted to read about the [[International Space Station]] and the discussions about it being nominated for the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] because … it has been one of the most incredible international partnerships...[The ISS] really has brought many nations together through difficult times, and continues to do so." Peake noted that with increasing constraints on space programs around the world, collaborative initiatives such as ISS will be necessary for future endeavours. "I think [the ISS] really has to be the model for future space exploration because with budgets becoming more and more constrained, then, really one nation is not going to have the capability to expand exploration out into the [[Solar System|solar system]], to [[Mars]] and beyond. We are going to have to work together on projects."<ref name="Space Safety Magazine">{{cite web |author=Henry |first=Andrew |date=19 March 2014 |title=Astronaut Tim Peake Comments on the ISS Partnership and the Nobel Peace Prize |url=http://www.spacesafetymagazine.com/space-on-earth/iss-for-nobel-peace-prize/astronaut-tim-peake-comments-iss-partnership-nobel-peace-prize/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806221330/http://www.spacesafetymagazine.com/space-on-earth/iss-for-nobel-peace-prize/astronaut-tim-peake-comments-iss-partnership-nobel-peace-prize/ |archive-date=6 August 2023 |access-date=19 March 2014 |website=Space Safety Magazine}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Peake is married to Rebecca, with whom he has two sons, and enjoys climbing, caving, cross-country running and [[triathlon]].<ref>{{cite web |date=April 20, 2018 |title=Astronaut Biography: Timothy Peake |url=http://www.spacefacts.de/bios/international/english/peake_timothy.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130040927/http://spacefacts.de/bios/international/english/peake_timothy.htm |archive-date=30 November 2022 |access-date=17 January 2015 |website=spacefacts.de}}</ref>

When he was younger Peake was a [[Cub Scout]] and is now an ambassador for the [[Prince's Trust]] and the [[Scout Association]] in the UK,<ref name=":0" /> and for [[STEM]] Learning.

==Honours and awards==
In October 2016, at the [[National Space Centre]], Tim Peake received an honorary Doctorate of Science from the [[University of Leicester]].<ref>{{cite web |date=27 May 2022 |title=Tim Peake describes the first time he saw Earth from space in new video |url=https://le.ac.uk/news/2016/september/tim-peake-to-receive-an-honorary-degree |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721080440/https://le.ac.uk/news/2016/september/tim-peake-to-receive-an-honorary-degree |archive-date=21 July 2023 |access-date=21 July 2023 |publisher=[[University of Leicester|The University of Leicester]]}}</ref> In May 2021, as part of its 150th-anniversary celebrations, the [[Institution of Engineering and Technology]] awarded Peake an Honorary Fellowship for his outstanding contribution to space exploration, engineering and the technology industry.<ref>{{cite web |date=10 May 2021 |title=Tim Peake receives prestigious engineering accolade |url=https://www.theiet.org/media/press-releases/press-releases-2021/press-releases-2021-april-june/10-may-2021-tim-peake-receives-prestigious-engineering-accolade/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030064630/https://www.theiet.org/media/press-releases/press-releases-2021/press-releases-2021-april-june/10-may-2021-tim-peake-receives-prestigious-engineering-accolade/ |archive-date=30 October 2022 |access-date=16 May 2021 |website=[[Institution of Engineering and Technology]]}}</ref>
{{Center|[[File:Ord.St.Michele-Giorgio.png|100px]] [[File:General Service Medal 1962 BAR.svg|100px]] [[File:NATO Medal Yugoslavia ribbon bar.svg|100px]] [[File:UK Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal ribbon.svg|100px]]}}


{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[File:Ord.St.Michele-Giorgio.png|50px]] || [[Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George]] (CMG) || Queens Birthday Honours 2016, "in recognition of for services to space research and scientific education".
|-
|[[File:NATO Medal Yugoslavia ribbon bar.svg|50px]]|| [[NATO Medal|NATO Former Republic of Yugoslavia Medal]]|| With clasp '''Former Yugoslavia''<nowiki/>'
|-
|[[File:General Service Medal 1962 BAR.svg|50x50px]]|| [[General Service Medal (1962)|General Service Medal]]|| With clasp 'Northern Ireland'
|-
|[[File:UK Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal ribbon.svg|50px]] || [[Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal]] || 2002
|}

==Bibliography==
*''Hello, is this planet Earth?: My View from the International Space Station'' (Century, 2016. {{ISBN|978-1-78089-715-8}})
*''Ask an Astronaut: My Guide to Life in Space'' (Century, 2017. {{ISBN|978-1-78089-817-9}})
*''The Astronaut Selection Test Book: Do You Have What it Takes for Space?'' (Century, 2018. {{ISBN|978-1-78089-918-3}})
*''Limitless: The Autobiography'' (Century, 2020. {{ISBN|978-1-5291-2557-3}})
*''Swarm Rising'' (Hodder, 2021. {{ISBN|9781444960846}})
*''Swarm Enemy'' (Hodder, 2021. {{ISBN|9781444960877}})
*''The Cosmic Diary of our Incredible Universe'' (Wren & Rook, 2022. {{ISBN|9781526363619}})
*''Space: The Human Story'' (Century, 2023 {{ISBN|9781529913507}})

==See also==
*[[British space programme#British astronauts|British astronauts]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{commonscatinline}}
* {{Official|https://www.timpeake.com/}}
* {{IMDb name|id=4255073|name=Tim Peake}}
* [http://timpeake.esa.int/ Tim Peake] ESA website

{{ESA Astronaut Groups}}
{{Underwater diving|unddiv}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Peake, Timothy}}
[[Category:1972 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Portsmouth]]
[[Category:Aquanauts]]
[[Category:British Army Air Corps officers]]
[[Category:British astronauts]]
[[Category:British male marathon runners]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George]]
[[Category:Crew members of the International Space Station]]
[[Category:English test pilots]]
[[Category:ESA astronauts]]
[[Category:Graduates of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Chichester]]
[[Category:People from Chichester]]    
[[Category:Spacewalkers]]