View source for Tiger Electronics

{{short description|American toy manufacturer}}
{{Distinguish|Tiger Corporation|Tiger Telematics}}
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{{more citations needed|date=August 2014}}
{{Cleanup reorganize|date=November 2017}}
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{{Infobox company
| name = Tiger Electronics Ltd.
| logo = Tiger Electronics logo.svg
| industry = [[Video game industry|Video games]], [[consumer electronics]], [[audio games]]
| foundation = {{start date and age|1978|6|15}}
| location_city = [[Vernon Hills, Illinois]]
| location_country = U.S.
| parent = [[Hasbro]] <br>(1998–present)
}}

'''Tiger Electronics Ltd.''' (also known as '''Tiger''' and '''Tiger Toys''') is an American [[toy]] manufacturer best known for its [[handheld electronic game]]s, the [[Furby]], the [[Talkboy]], [[Giga Pet]]s, the [[2-XL]] robot,<ref>{{cite news |title=COMPUTER GAMES DOMINATE THE SHELVES |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1994-11-25-9411250036-story.html |work=Chicago Tribune |date=November 25, 1994}}</ref> and [[audio game]]s such as ''[[Brain Warp]]'' and the Brain Shift. When it was an independent company, Tiger Electronics Inc., its headquarters were in [[Vernon Hills, Illinois]].<ref>''[[Business Week]]'', Issues 3525-3528. McGraw-Hill, 1997. [https://books.google.com/books?id=0bGZAAAAIAAJ&q=%22Tiger+Electronics%22+%22Vernon+Hills%22 Retrieved from] ''[[Google Books]]'' on December 7, 2010. "Later on this month, Tiger Electronics Inc. in Vernon Hills[...]"</ref><ref>Kirschner, Suzanne Kantra. "What's New." ''[[Popular Science]]'', [[Bonnier Corporation]]. October 1997. Vol. 251, No. 4. {{ISSN|0161-7370}}. [https://books.google.com/books?id=hVcEAAAAMBAJ&dq=%22Tiger+Electronics%22+%22Vernon+Hills%22&pg=PA17 17]. Retrieved from [[Google Books]] on December 7, 2010. "Tiger Electronics, 980 Woodlands Pkwy., Vernon Hills IL 60061."</ref> It has been a subsidiary of Hasbro since 1998.

==History==
Gerald Rissman, Randy Rissman and Arnold Rissman founded the company in June 1978. It started with low-tech items like phonographs, then began developing [[handheld electronic game]]s and educational toys. Prominent among these was the [[2-XL]] Robot in 1978, and K28, Tiger's Talking Learning Computer (1984) which was sold worldwide by [[Kmart (United States)|Kmart]] and other chain stores. Tiger also achieved success with many simple handheld electronics games like ''Electronic Bowling'' and titles based on licenses, such as ''[[RoboCop]]'', ''[[Terminator (series)|Terminator]]'', and ''[[Spider-Man]]''. An early 1990s hit was the variable-speed portable [[Cassette tape|cassette]] [[Cassette deck|player and recorder]], the [[Talkboy]] (first seen in the 1992 movie ''[[Home Alone 2: Lost in New York]]''), followed by the Brain family of games which include games like ''Brain Bash'', ''[[Brain Warp]]'', and ''[[Brain Shift]]''. It also licensed the [[Lazer Tag]] brand from its inventors, Shoot the Moon Products, which was born from the remnants of the [[Worlds of Wonder (toy company)|Worlds of Wonder]] company.

The company's [[cash cow]] through much of the 1990s was their line of licensed handheld LCD games.<ref name="EGM59"/> In a 1993 feature on these games, ''[[GamePro]]'' attributed their success to the following three factors:<ref name="GPro52">{{cite magazine|date=November 1993|title=Tiger Puts the Bite on Hand Held Games|pages=192–194|magazine=[[GamePro]]|publisher=[[International Data Group|IDG]]|issue=52|url=https://retrocdn.net/images/f/f3/GamePro_US_052.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420123648/https://retrocdn.net/images/f/f3/GamePro_US_052.pdf|archive-date=April 20, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
*Tiger's effective licensing. Director of marketing Tamara Lebovitz stated, "We read all the magazines and talk to all the studios to keep on the cutting edge of what's hot with kids."<ref name="GPro52"/> As a fairly small company at the time, Tiger was able to pursue desirable licenses quickly and aggressively. This allowed them to release licensed games while the properties they were licensed from were still at the peak of their popularity.
*The low price per game. Tiger handheld games sold for roughly $20 each. By comparison, most handheld games of the time cost over $30, and required a separately sold system (an additional $50 or more) to play it on.
*The simplistic, addictive gameplay of the games. While older gamers tended to find Tiger handheld games one-dimensional and boring, for kids aged five to twelve years old, their simple and easy-to-learn mechanics were more appealing than other video games of the time, which were often frustratingly difficult and dauntingly complex for younger children.

In the fall of 1994, Tiger introduced a specialized line of their handheld LCD games, called Tiger Barcodzz. These were [[barcode games]] which read any [[barcode]] and used it to generate stats for the player character. The line was a major success in Japan, where there were even [[reality show]]s based around gamers competing to find the best barcodes to defeat other players.<ref>{{cite magazine|date=July 1994|title=Power Peripherals|page=158|magazine=[[GamePro]]|publisher=[[International Data Group|IDG]]|issue=60|url=https://retrocdn.net/images/9/92/GamePro_US_060.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112004115/https://retrocdn.net/images/9/92/GamePro_US_060.pdf|archive-date=January 12, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Tiger produced a version of ''[[Lights Out (game)|Lights Out]]'' around 1995. In 1997 it produced a quaint fishing game called ''Fishing Championship'', in the shape of a reduced fishing rod. Another 1990s creation was [[Skip-It]].

In 1995, Tiger acquired the [[Texas Instruments]] toy division. Tiger agreed to manufacture and market electronic toys for [[Hasbro]] and [[Sega]].<ref>"[https://www.nytimes.com/1995/02/11/business/company-news-tiger-electronics-gets-texas-instruments-unit.html?pagewanted=all Company News; Tiger Electronics Gets Texas Instruments Unit]." ''[[The New York Times]]''. February 11, 1995. Retrieved on December 7, 2010.</ref>

===Merging with Hasbro===
Tiger Electronics has been part of the [[Hasbro]] toy company since 1998.<ref>{{cite web|first=Dave|last=Nachison|url=http://www.fool.com/news/1999/kide990824.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991129053541/http://www.fool.com/news/1999/kide990824.htm|title=Sacre Bleu! It's Pokémon!|website=.fool.com|archive-date=November 29, 1999|date=August 24, 1999|access-date=July 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Joseph|last=Pereira|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB887032398301659000|title=Hasbro Will Buy Giga Pets Maker, Announce Partnership With Intel|newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=February 10, 1998|access-date=October 22, 2019}}</ref> Hasbro paid approximately $335 million for the acquisition.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Hasbro to Buy Game.com Maker |magazine=[[Electronic Gaming Monthly]]|issue=106 |publisher=[[Ziff Davis]] |date=May 1998|page=23}}</ref> In 2000, Tiger was licensed to provide a variety of electronics with the [[Yahoo!]] brand name, including [[digital camera]]s, [[webcam]]s, and a "Hits Downloader" that made music from the Internet ([[mp3]]s, etc.) accessible through Tiger's assorted "[[HitClips]]" players.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.altaba.com/static-files/083516d5-9a4f-496d-adcb-eda59401bf83|title=Tiger Electronics And Yahoo! Team To Create Innovative, Technology-Based Lifestyle Products|website=altaba.com|date=February 7, 2000|access-date=July 4, 2019}}</ref> Tiger also produces the long-lasting [[iDog]] Interactive Music Companion, the ZoomBox—a portable 3-in-1 home entertainment projector that will play DVDs, CDs and connects to most gaming systems—, the [[VideoNow]] personal video player, the VCamNow digital [[camcorder]], the [[ChatNow]] line of kid-oriented [[two-way radio]]s and the TVNow, a personal handheld DVR player. They released an electronic tabletop version of ''[[Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?]]'' with voice recordings by host [[Chris Tarrant]]. Tiger also released an electronic version of ''[[The Weakest Link]]'' with voice recordings by [[Anne Robinson]].

==Products==
===Standalone handhelds===
Tiger is most well-known for their low-end [[handheld electronic game]] systems with [[LCD]] screens. Each unit contains a fixed image printed onto the handheld that can be seen through the screen. Static images then light up individually in front of the background that represent characters and objects, similar to numbers on a [[calculator]] or [[digital clock]]. In addition to putting out some of its own games, Tiger was able to secure licenses from many of the time's top selling companies to sell their own versions of games such as Capcom's ''[[Street Fighter II]]'', Sega's ''[[Sonic 3D Blast]]'', and Konami's ''[[Castlevania II: Simon's Quest]]''. Later, Tiger introduced what they called "wrist games". These combined a digital watch with a scaled-down version of a Tiger handheld game.

In 1995, Tiger introduced Super Data Blasters, a line of sports-themed handhelds. Each featured the contemporary statistics for players in a specific sport, the ability to record new sports statistics, a built-in electronic game for the sport and typical [[electronic organizer]] features such as an address book and calculator.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Pocket Fan |magazine=[[Electronic Gaming Monthly]]|issue=78|publisher=[[Ziff Davis]]|date=January 1996|page=26}}</ref>

In 1998, Tiger released ''99X Games'', a series of handhelds fitted with a dot-matrix screen, allowing a wide variety of backgrounds and different gameplay for a single game. Although [[Turing completeness|running a software program]] stored in ROM, those systems were [[dedicated console]]s, similarly to the [[Handheld TV game|plug-and-play TV games]] of the 2000s decade. Two systems running the same game could be linked with the included cable to allow two players to challenge each other.<ref>[http://www.hasbro.com/common/instruct/crash_bandicoot.pdf Scan of the manual of the 99X Games version of Crash Bandicoot]</ref>

===Cartridge-based handhelds===
Tiger made three notable cartridge-based systems. The first was the Quiz Wiz, a highly popular interactive quiz game system. Players inserted a cartridge and played using the corresponding quiz book.<ref name="EGM59">{{cite magazine|date=June 1994|title=Tiger the King of the Hand-held Jungle|page=216|magazine=[[Electronic Gaming Monthly]]|publisher=EGM Media, LLC|issue=59|url=https://archive.org/details/Electronic_Gaming_Monthly_59/page/n215/mode/2up}}</ref>{{Disputed inline|Tiger Electronics & Quiz Wiz?|date=September 2023}} The second was the [[R-Zone]]. It employed red LCD cartridges, much like [[Nintendo]]'s [[Virtual Boy]], which were projected via backlight onto a reflective screen that covered one of the player's eyes. The third was the [[Game.com]] handheld system, which was meant to compete with Nintendo's [[Game Boy]] and [[Game Boy Color]], as well as [[Sega]]'s [[Game Gear]] and [[Genesis Nomad]], and boasted such novel features as a touchscreen and limited Internet connectivity. However, the R-Zone and Game.com were commercial failures and garnered a negative reception.

===Furby===
Hasbro, previously shy of high-tech toys, was interested in the development of the [[Furby]]. With Hasbro's support, Tiger was able to rush through the development process and get the Furby on the shelves for the 1998 holiday season, during which it was a runaway hit — the "it" toy of the 1998 and 1999 seasons. The continuing development of Furby-type technology led to the release of the FurReal line of toys in 2003, the more modern iteration of the Furby toyline in 2012, and also the high-tech Furby Connect in 2016. In 2023, a new Furby with voice commands was released.

===Brain Family===
{{Main|Brain Warp}}
From 1994–1999, Tiger invented the Brain Family, which are a line of electronic handheld [[audio game]]s. In 1994, Tiger released the ''Brain Bash''. It has four inner purple buttons and four yellow buttons outside the unit. It features five game modes. Game One is called Touch Command, where the electronic voice issues a command like "one touch one" and the corresponding player has to press purple one and yellow one.<ref name=brainbash>{{cite web|title=Brain Bash |url=https://boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/13546/brain-bash|publisher=Board Game Geek|access-date=29 December 2015}}</ref>

In 1996, Tiger released the ''Brain Warp''. This game is a spherical unit that has six colored knobs sticking out. There were three different revisions of the circuit board of Brain Warp resulting in audio changes and pitch differences. Two revisions were made in a blue base. Revision 2.0 has a different hidden sound sampling mode to the first revision. When Hasbro re-released Brain Warp in 2002, they took the programming from Revision 2.0 and placed it on a new circuit board with an enhanced speaker which reduced the loudness of the device. This game is very similar to [[Bop It]]. A voice that was recorded for the game says a color or a number, or a sequence of colors or numbers, or both depending on the game selected, and the correct knob must be shown facing upwards. In 1997, a ''[[Star Wars]]'' version called Death Star Escape was released. The game order is different and comes with six Star Wars characters.<ref name=brainwarp>{{cite web|title=Brain Warp|url=https://boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/13547/brain-warp|website=Board Game Geek|access-date=29 December 2015}}</ref>

In 1998, Tiger released ''Brain Shift''. This game has six colored LED lights. It is known for its distinctive low pitched "Orange!" voice which is heard on the last color of a pattern in Stick Shift and in Memory Shift and Who Shifts It? The player has to use the stick shift to follow the voice commands. There is a memory game, and both Brain Shift and Brain Warp have a code buster game where the player has to find a certain number of colors in sixty seconds.<ref name=brainshift>{{cite web|title=Brain Shift - Board Game Geek|url=https://boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/134166/brain-shift|website= Board Game Geek|access-date=29 December 2015}}</ref> Some Brain Shift game units had a bad chip in the game which causes the game to mess up the audio on low batteries, and in rare cases, the voice in the game will start counting, going through a list of numbers and skipping a few.<ref name="fireworkdisplay">{{cite web |title=Brain Shift 2 minute 30 seconds Firework Display |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ad3xSuBb1k4 |website=YouTube | date=15 June 2022 |access-date=20 August 2022}}</ref>

===Making toys and games for other brands===
The company became one of the most prominent producers of electronic toys based on a wide variety of licenses, including ''[[Star Trek]]'', ''[[Star Wars]]'', ''[[Barney & Friends]]'', ''[[Arthur (TV series)|Arthur]]'', ''[[Teletubbies]]'', ''[[Winnie the Pooh]]'', ''[[Franklin (TV series)|Franklin]]'', [[Neopets]], ''[[Jeopardy!]]'', ''[[Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)|Wheel of Fortune]]'', ''[[Weakest Link (U.S. game show)|Weakest Link]]'', ''[[Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (U.S. game show)|Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?]]'', ''[[Batman Returns]]'', ''[[The Lost World: Jurassic Park]]'', and ''[[Sonic the Hedgehog]]''.{{citation needed|date=February 2018}}

In 1996, Tiger produced replicas of the Turbo Man doll, which was featured in the 1996 holiday comedy ''[[Jingle All the Way]]''. It retained most of the features of the film version, including the disk shooter, boomerang accessory, light and sound jetpack, and a voice box. Despite being advertised as having five phrases in the movie, the actual toy only possessed four.

===''Boogey Ball''===
In 1999, Tiger Electronics released an electronic [[LED]] light game called ''Boogey Ball''. There were 2 versions of the game released. The first version was buggy and it had issues playing several games (games 2, 3, and 5). In games 2 and 3, the player failed automatically sometime after 20 seconds due to the speed of the red light being impossible to stay away from. In game 5, the light patterns went in different directions and it was harder to play. Also, the game had a loud voice but quiet background music. In version 2.0, all the issues were fixed in the audio and game modes. The gameplay is similar to ''[[Pac-Man]]'', in that the player maneuvers a green LED light through a maze of 30 LED lights and has to either avoid (ditch) the red light or catch (snag) the yellow light. The game was known for its [[Austin Powers (character)|Austin Powers]] and [[Melle Mel]] style voices; the electronic voice would often say "baby". When the game was first turned on, it said "Oh you turned me on baby, let's boogey!" When the player failed, the game said "Oh drat!".<ref name=boogeyballannounce>{{cite news|last1=Lodger|first1=Lakeland|title=Oh Boy! There's Lots of New Toys on The Market|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1346&dat=19990324&id=iyJOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-vwDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3273,3746208&hl=en|access-date=29 December 2015|date=24 March 1999}}</ref> This game was also published by [[Hasbro]].<ref name=boogeyball>{{cite web|title=Boogey Ball Game Instructions|url=http://www.hasbro.com/common/instruct/08-002.PDF|website=Hasbro Inc|publisher=Hasbro|access-date=26 December 2015}}</ref> The game also suffered from a glitch: it would become stuck, playing every sound from the game, and pressing the power button would not turn the game off. The loud crackling over the top of the rapidfire  used to scare people. The cause for this glitch is unknown but it might be trying to go through an automatic test mode.{{Citation needed|date=May 2018}}

===[[Harry Potter]] Challenge Wand===
In 2001, Tiger Electronics released a memory game called the '''Harry Potter Magic Spell Challenge''', simply known as the 'Challenge Wand', on which the game sees the player up against an Evil Wizard as he casts a spell on the wand unit which the player must memorize in order. The first game in the unit is called 'Compete Against an Evil Wizard'. In this game, the Evil Wizard says "Try and stop this!" (or "me") and starts to cast a spell on the wand. The game has 4 auditory command sounds and 2 vocal commands "Wingardium" which requires the player to tilt the wand down 90 degrees, and "Leviosa!" which requires the player to tilt it up 90 degrees. The game has 8 levels; at each level, the patterns get longer and longer. If the player makes a mistake trying to memorize the pattern, the Evil Wizard will say something like "Now the pain begins!" or "No match for me!" If the player makes 3 mistakes in a round, the game is over and the Evil Wizard will say, "Your powers are now mine!". The announcer will announce how many rounds the player has completed. The game also includes a Simon-style game called "2 Wizards are Better Than One" which involves sticking with one pattern and adding an extra command on it each time. Game 3 has different music to the other 2 games on which requires 2 wands. One player makes a pattern and sends it to the other wand and then the other player has to repeat it back.<ref name="challengewand">{{cite web |title=Harry Potter Challenge Wand |url=https://www.hasbro.com/common/instruct/magicins.PDF |website=Hasbro |access-date=5 November 2022}}</ref>

== Test modes/demo modes ==
Tiger Electronics and [[Hasbro]] are known to include a hidden [[Sound test|test mode]] (also known as a demo mode) in all their electronic games. These test modes signal either a [[sine wave]] or a [[Square wave (waveform)|square wave]] tone usually at 1000hz as a way of testing the speaker and then play through all of the sounds that are pre-programmed in the device either manually (by pushing a button), or automatic (playing every sound by itself). Games like ''Brain Warp'', ''Brain Shift'', ''Boogey Ball'', and ''Brain Bash'' have these test modes, as do tabletop games (such as ''[[Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?]]'').

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==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.wired.com/1998/09/furby/ ''Wired'' article: 'Moody Furballs and the Developers Who Love Them']
* [http://www.handheldmuseum.com/Tiger/index.html Tiger Handhelds at the Electronic Handheld Game Museum]

{{Hasbro}}

[[Category:Hasbro subsidiaries]]
[[Category:American companies established in 1978]]
[[Category:Toy companies established in 1978]]
[[Category:1998 mergers and acquisitions]]
[[Category:Companies based in Lake County, Illinois]]
[[Category:Vernon Hills, Illinois]]
[[Category:Toy companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Electronic toys]]