View source for The Wicked Sisters

{{Short description|Russian fairy tale}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2021}}
'''The Wicked Sisters''' ({{langx|ru|По колена ноги в золоте, по локоть руки в серебре}}) is a Russian [[fairy tale]] collected by [[Alexander Afanasyev]] in ''[[Narodnye russkie skazki]]''.

[[Ruth Manning-Sanders]] included it, as "The Queen's Children", in ''[[A Book of Kings and Queens]]''.

==Synopsis==
[[Ivan Tsarevich|Prince Ivan]] hears [[Rule of three (writing)|three]] beautiful sisters talking.  The older two say that if he married them, they would sew him a marvelous shirt; the [[Youngest son#Youngest daughters|youngest]] says she would bear him three sons with the sun on the forehead, the moon on the back of their heads, and stars to each side.  The older sisters envied her and bribed her servants; when she bore the sons she had said, they stole them and hid them an arbor in the garden; then they presented the prince with first a puppy, then a kitten, then an ordinary child.  The prince finally repudiated and demanded justice for her deceiving him.  The chief justice decreed she should be blinded, put in a barrel with the ordinary child, and thrown out to sea; if she were guilty, she would die, but if she were innocent, she would emerge.  This was done, and Prince Ivan married her oldest sister.

The substituted child grew by the hour, became reasonable, and commanded the barrel to come ashore and burst, then commanded a bathhouse to appear, in which he restored the princess's sight, and then a palace to appear. The arbor from the palace was in it.  He had the princess bake three cakes.  The three princes appeared and said that whoever brought them those cakes and told them of their mother would be their brother.  The princess lived there with her sons and the child.  One day they gave hospitality to monks, who went on to Prince Ivan's kingdom and told him of them.  He immediately went to the palace and knew them for his wife and sons.

The oldest sister was thrown into the sea, and this time the barrel sank.

==Analysis==
===Tale type===
The tale is classified in the international [[Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index]] as type ATU 707, "[[The Three Golden Children (folklore)|The Three Golden Children]]".<ref>Aarne, Antti; Thompson, Stith. ''The types of the folktale: a classification and bibliography''. Folklore Fellows Communications FFC no. 184. Helsinki: Academia Scientiarum Fennica, 1961. pp.&nbsp;242–243.</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Uther |first1=Hans-Jörg |title=The Types of International Folktales: A Classification and Bibliography, Based on the System of Antti Aarne and Stith Thompson |date=2004 |publisher=Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, Academia Scientiarum Fennica |isbn=978-951-41-0963-8 |pages=381–383 }}</ref>

In the [[East Slavic languages|East Slavic]] Folktale Classification ({{langx|ru|СУС|translit=SUS}}), the tale is classified as type SUS 707, {{langx|ru|Чудесные дети|translit=Chudesnyye deti|lit=The Wonderful or Miraculous Children}}.<ref>Barag, Lev. "Сравнительный указатель сюжетов. Восточнославянская сказка". Leningrad: НАУКА, 1979. p. 177.</ref> Folklorist {{ill|Lev Barag|ru|Бараг, Лев Григорьевич}} noted the commonest form of East Slavic variants is the following: the mother of the wonder children is cast in the sea in a barrel.<ref>Barag, Lev. "Сравнительный указатель сюжетов. Восточнославянская сказка". Leningrad: НАУКА, 1979. p. 177.</ref>

===Motifs===
This tale was collected by [[Russia]]n folklorist [[Alexander Afanasyev]], along with six other variants, and comprises a subtype named ''Up to the Knee in Gold, Up to the Elbow in Silver''.<ref>''По колена ноги в золоте, по локоть руки в серебре''. In: Alexander Afanasyev. ''Народные Русские Сказки''. Vol. 2. Tale Numbers 283-287. [https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/Народные_русские_сказки_(Афанасьев)/По_колена_ноги_в_золоте,_по_локоть_руки_в_серебре]</ref><ref>''The Complete Folktales of A. N. Afanas'ev, Volume II, Volume 2''. Edited by Jack V. Haney. University Press of Mississippi. 2015. {{ISBN|978-1-62846-094-0}}</ref>

The tale is part of a very widespread set of tales under the banner ''[[The Dancing Water, the Singing Apple, and the Speaking Bird]]'',<ref>Joseph Jacobs, ''European Folk and Fairy Tales'', [http://www.surlalunefairytales.com/authors/jacobs/european/dancingwater.html "The Dancing Water, the Singing Apple, and the Speaking Bird"]. Note 10.</ref> distributed throughout Europe, Middle East, Africa and Americas.<ref>Bolte, Johannes; Polívka, Jiri. ''Anmerkungen zu den Kinder- u. hausmärchen der brüder Grimm''. Zweiter Band (NR. 61-120). Germany, Leipzig: Dieterich'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung. 1913. pp. 380-394.</ref> However, the characteristics of this specific version veer close to the [[Tale of Tsar Saltan]] story type, a tale attested in Russian and Slavic sources.<ref>Braga, Teófilo. ''Contos Tradicionais do Povo Português''. Vol. I. Edições Vercial. 1914. pp. 119-120. Notes on tales 39-40.[https://pt.wikisource.org/wiki/Contos_Tradicionaes_do_Povo_Portuguez/As_cunhadas_do_rei#Notas]</ref>

The plot is as follows:<ref>Власов, С. В. (2013). НЕКОТОРЫЕ ФРАНЦУЗСКИЕ И ИТАЛЬЯНСКИЕ ПАРАЛЛЕЛИ К «СКАЗКЕ О ЦАРЕ САЛТАНЕ» А. С. ПУШКИНА ВО «ВСЕОБЩЕЙ БИБЛИОТЕКЕ РОМАНОВ» (BIBLIOTHèQUE UNIVERSELLE DES ROMANS) (1775-1789). Мир русского слова, (3), 67-74.</ref> the mother is cast out with the babies into the sea in a box or barrel, after the king is tricked into thinking his wife did not deliver her promised wonder children. The box eventually washes ashore on the beaches of an island or another country. There, the child (or children) magically grows up in hours or days and builds an enchanted castle or house that attracts the attention of the common folk (or merchants, or travellers). Word reaches the ears of the despondent king, who hears about the mysterious owners of such fantastic abode, who just happen to look like the children he would have had.<ref>эмлет, Т. Ю. (2013). Описание сказочного сюжета 707 Чудесные дети в международных, национальных и региональных указателях сказочных сюжетов: сравнительный анализ. Научный диалог, (5 (17)), 198-219.</ref> In some variants, the castaway boy sets a trap to rescue his brothers and release them from a [[Shapeshifting|transformation curse]],<ref>Хэмлет, Т. Ю. (2013). Описание сказочного сюжета 707 Чудесные дети в международных, национальных и региональных указателях сказочных сюжетов: сравнительный анализ: часть 2. Научный диалог, (10 (22)), 61-75.</ref> or the boy asks his mother for a meal made with her "breast milk" to give to his brothers when he sets out to rescue his siblings from the place where they have been kept as prisoners.<ref>Хэмлет, Т. Ю. (2014). Описание сказочного сюжета 707 Чудесные дети в международных, национальных и региональных указателях сказочных сюжетов: сравнительный анализ: часть 3. Научный диалог, (4 (28)), 100-114.</ref>

Russian tale collections attest to the presence of [[Baba Yaga]], the witch of [[Slavic folklore]], as the antagonist in many of the stories.<ref>Johns, Andreas. ''Baba Yaga: The Ambiguous Mother and Witch of the Russian Folktale''. New York: Peter Lang. 2010. pp. 244-246. {{ISBN|978-0-8204-6769-6}}</ref>

The tale can also be found in Finnish,<ref>Löwis of Menar, August von. ''Finnische und estnische Volksmärchen''. Jena: Eugen Diederichs. 1922. pp. 53-59.</ref> Estonian, Hungarian and Baltic folktale collections.<ref>Юрий Евгеньевич Березкин (2019). «СКАЗКА О ЦАРЕ САЛТАНЕ» (СЮЖЕТ ATU 707) И ЕВРАЗИЙСКО-АМЕРИКАНСКИЕ ПАРАЛЛЕЛИ. Антропологический форум, (43), 89-110. doi: 10.31250/1815-8870-2019-15-43-89-110</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal |Children's literature}}
* [[The Dancing Water, the Singing Apple, and the Speaking Bird]]
* [[Ancilotto, King of Provino]]
* [[Princess Belle-Etoile|Princess Belle-Étoile and Prince Chéri]]
* [[The Three Little Birds]]
* [[The Bird of Truth]]
* [[The Tale of Tsar Saltan]]
* [[The Boys with the Golden Stars]]
* [[A String of Pearls Twined with Golden Flowers]]
* [[The Boy with the Moon on his Forehead]]
* [[The Hedgehog, the Merchant, the King and the Poor Man]]
* [[Silver Hair and Golden Curls]]
* [[Sun, Moon and Morning Star]]
* [[The Golden-Haired Children (Turkish fairy tale)|The Golden-Haired Children]]
* [[The Sisters Envious of Their Cadette]]
* [[Les Princes et la Princesse de Marinca]]
* [[Two Pieces of Nuts (Hungarian folktale)|Two Pieces of Nuts]]
* [[The Children with the Golden Locks (Georgian folktale)|The Children with the Golden Locks]]
*"[[The Pretty Little Calf]]"
* [[The Rich Khan Badma]]
* [[The Story of Arab-Zandiq]]
* [[The Bird that Spoke the Truth (New Mexican folktale)|The Bird that Spoke the Truth]]
* [[The Story of The Farmer's Three Daughters (Icelandic fairy tale)|The Story of The Farmer's Three Daughters]]
* [[The Golden Fish, The Wonder-working Tree and the Golden Bird]]
* [[King Ravohimena and the Magic Grains]]
* [[Zarlik and Munglik (Uzbek folktale)]]
* [[The Child with a Moon on his Chest (Sotho)]]
* [[The Story of Lalpila (Indian folktale)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Russian fairy tales}}
{{The Three Golden Children}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wicked Sisters}}
[[Category:Russian fairy tales]]
[[Category:Fairy tales collected by Alexander Afanasyev]]
[[Category:Fictional princes]]
[[Category:Fictional princesses]]
[[Category:Female characters in fairy tales]]
[[Category:Fairy tales about sisters]]
[[Category:Fairy tales about princes]]
[[Category:Fairy tales about princesses]]