View source for The Partisan

{{Short description|1943 song by Anna Marly and Emmanuel d'Astier, popularised by Leonard Cohen in 1969}}
{{Other uses|Partisan (disambiguation)}}

{{Infobox song
 | name          = La Complainte du partisan
 | type          = song
 | artist        = [[Anna Marly]]
 | language      = French
 | English_title = The lament of the partisan
 | published     = {{Start date|1945}}
 | released      = {{Start date|1943}}
 | genre         =
* [[Folk music|Folk]]
* [[chanson]]<!-- This literally means "song" in French -->
 | length        = {{Duration|m=3|s=38}}
 | composer      = [[Anna Marly]]
 | lyricist      = {{Nowrap|[[Emmanuel d'Astier de La Vigerie]]}} {{a.k.a.}} Bernard
}}

"'''The Partisan'''" is an [[anti-fascist]] anthem about the [[French Resistance]] in World War II. The song was composed in 1943 by Russian-born [[Anna Marly]] (1917–2006), with lyrics by French Resistance leader [[Emmanuel d'Astier de La Vigerie]] (1900–1969), and originally titled "'''La Complainte du partisan'''" (English: "The [[lament]] of the partisan"). Marly performed it and other songs on the [[BBC]]'s French service, through which she and her songs were an inspiration to the Resistance. A number of French artists have recorded and released versions of the song since, but it is better recognised globally in its significantly, both musically and in the meaning of its lyrics, different English adaptation by [[Hy Zaret]] (1907–2007), best known as the lyricist of "[[Unchained Melody]]".

Canadian singer-songwriter [[Leonard Cohen]] (1934–2016) recorded his version, using Zaret's adaptation, and released it on his 1969 album ''[[Songs from a Room]]'', and as a 7-inch single in Europe. Cohen's version re-popularised the song and is responsible for the common misconception that the song was written by Cohen. It has inspired many other artists to perform, record and release versions of the song, including American [[Joan Baez]] (born 1941), on her 1972 album ''[[Come from the Shadows]]'', and with the title "'''Song of the French Partisan'''", Canadian [[Buffy Sainte-Marie]] (born {{circa|1941}}) and Israeli [[Esther Ofarim]] (born 1941).

==La Complainte du partisan==
[[File:Anna Marly, laissez-passer.png|thumb|upright=1|The [[Free French Forces]] pass of Anna Marly 1942]]
[[File:Liberation of Marseille, August 1944.jpg|thumb|upright=1|{{Coord|43.2942765|N|5.3743739|E|name=Approximate position of Emmanuel d'Astier in 1944 photograph}}; [[Emmanuel d'Astier de La Vigerie]] (far right) with [[:fr:André Diethelm|André Diethelm]] reviewing troops on the wharf of Rive-Neuve in liberated [[Marseille]] in 1944|alt=A group of men in suits and military uniforms, marching past, while admiring, a group of saluting soldiers]]
{{Further|Anna Marly|Emmanuel d'Astier de La Vigerie}}
Anna Marly was born in [[Saint Petersburg|Petrograd]] on October 30, 1917, and after her father was murdered by the [[Bolsheviks]], she escaped with her mother and sister to a Russian colony in [[Menton]], south-eastern France. Her artistic talents were encouraged from an early age; she was taught guitar by [[Sergei Prokofiev]], and by age sixteen, was dancing in the [[Ballets Russes]] in Paris. Becoming refugees upon the outbreak of World War II, her Dutch aristocrat husband and she travelled to London, arriving in 1941.{{Refn
 | group = g
 | name  = martin, kirkup group
 | {{Plainlist|
* {{Nowrap|Martin, ''The New York Times''}} {{R|martin nytimes}}
* {{Nowrap|Kirkup, ''The Independent''}} {{R|kirkup marly obit}}
 }}
}}{{R|telegraph marly obit}}

Emmanuel d'Astier de La Vigerie was born in Paris on January 6, 1900, and after studying at the private high school [[Lycée privé Sainte-Geneviève|Sainte-Geneviève]] in [[Versailles (city)|Versailles]], he joined the [[École Navale]] (the French naval academy, in charge of the education of the officers of the French Navy) in 1919. Resigning the navy in 1931, d'Astier began a career in journalism, writing for ''Marianne'' and ''[[Vu (magazine)|VU]]''. With the outbreak of World War II in 1939, he was mobilised to work at the <em>centre de renseignements maritimes de Lorient</em> (English: <em>maritime information center of [[Lorient]]</em>) in north-western France, until the [[Fall of France]] in 1940. Refusing the [[Armistice of 22 June 1940|armistice with Germany]], he co-founded the Resistance movement <em>[[:fr:Libération-Sud|La Dernière Colonne]]</em> (English: <em>the Last Column</em>), publishing counter-propaganda against cooperation with Germany, and worked as an editor of the newspaper ''[[La Montagne (newspaper)|La Montagne]]''. After <em>the Last Column</em> was decimated by arrests in 1941, he went into hiding under the pseudonym ''Bernard''. By 1943, after meetings in London with [[Charles de Gaulle]], and in Washington with the United States' [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|President Roosevelt]], to secure the formation and recognition of the [[Free French Forces]], he again visited London as the Commissioner for Political Affairs of [[Mouvements Unis de la Résistance|le Directoire des Mouvements unis de Résistance]] (English: the Directory of United Resistance Movements).{{Refn
 | group = g
 | name  = dAstier group
 | {{Plainlist|
* {{Nowrap|Musée de l'Ordre de la Libération}} {{R|order of liberation}}
* {{Nowrap|fondation de la résistance}} {{R|fondation resistance}}
* {{Nowrap|Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF)}} {{R|bnf dAstier}}
* {{Nowrap|King, ''Journal of Contemporary History''}} {{R|king dAstier}}
 }}
}}

Jonathan H. King wrote, of d'Astier, in his article "Emmanuel d'Astier and the Nature of the French Resistance" for the ''Journal of Contemporary History'':{{R|king dAstier}}
<blockquote>Few men were at the centre of the Resistance, for the reason that its centre could rarely be defined and was rarely stable. Even fewer would have the necessary literary and verbal self-consciousness to achieve the goals [of subjectively documenting historical reality]. One who was at the centre and who did have this self-consciousness was Emmanuel d'Astier.</blockquote> and that, in his efforts to organise the Resistance, <blockquote>in his own words, d'Astier was seeking the strength of "popular forces, those forces which alone can change our dreams into reality, adventure into history, aesthetics into politics".</blockquote>

It was in London, in 1943, while Marly ran a [[hostel]] for French exiles,{{R|ratcliff cohen}} that she wrote the anti-fascist anthem{{R|craig book}} "La Complainte du partisan", with lyrics by d'Astier,{{R|jones oc}} going on to perform it and her other songs on [[Radio Londres]] (English: Radio London), the French Resistance radio operated by the Free French Forces, through the British Broadcasting Corporation.{{Refn |group=g |name=martin, kirkup group}}{{R|reilly gordon}} It was at this time that she also wrote "The March of the Partisans", with English lyrics by the Russian ambassador's daughter, Louba Krassine. The French exiles, [[Joseph Kessel]] and [[Maurice Druon]], also resident in London, translated it into French for play on Radio Londres and it became "[[Le Chant des Partisans]]" (English: "Song of the Partisans"), an unofficial French anthem towards the end of the war.{{Refn |group=g |name=martin, kirkup group}}

Marly's songs, singing and whistling on Radio Londres, were an inspiration to the French Resistance and earned her the credit "[[troubadour]] of the Resistance" from General de Gaulle, leader of the French Free Forces.{{Refn |group=g |name=martin, kirkup group}} D'Astier was to become a Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur (English: Knight of the [[Legion of Honour]]), Compagnon de la Libération (English: [[Order of Liberation|Companion of the Liberation]]) and awarded the [[Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France)|Croix de Guerre 1939–1945]].{{R|order of liberation}} In Paris, 1945, [[:fr:Raoul Breton|Raoul Breton]] published the "La Complainte du partisan" [[sheet music]] with lyrics by d'Astier credited to ''Bernard'',{{R|bnf partisan}} his Resistance [[code name]].{{R|martin nytimes}}

===Structure, content and context===
In their examination of the songs of Anna Marly, the [[:fr:Académie de Lyon (éducation)|Académie de Lyon]] describe "La Complainte du partisan" as "{{lang|fr|une vision déchirante de l'engagement des résistants}}" (English: "a heartbreaking vision of the commitment of the Resistance members"), and evaluate its structure and the meaning of its words: the song's lyrics are structured as six [[quatrain]]s; the first and second lines of each is formed with seven syllables, the third line with five syllables and the fourth with six.{{R|ac-lyon}}

In his analysis for the [[University of Freiburg]], Giacomo Bottà describes d'Astier's lyrics as "very straightforward", then continues:{{R|freiburg botta}}
<blockquote>A partisan recalls, in the first person, episodes of his life ... each verse narrates a different situation: life on the run, the loss of the family, that of comrades, the killing of an old man who hid partisans, up to the ending.</blockquote>
The first five verses (quatrains) depict scenes of Nazi occupied France, the expectation of French people to accept the occupation of their country, and the extraordinary reaction of the Resistance. The first line of the song, "{{lang|fr|L'ennemi était chez moi}}" (English: "The enemy was at my house"), where "my house" can be understood as a reference to France, sets the scene. The second line, "{{lang|fr|On m'a dit 'Résigne-toi'}}" (English: "I was told 'Resign yourself{{' "}}), references the common resignation of the French people in response to [[Philippe Pétain]]'s radio address, after the Fall of France, announcing his intention to ask for an armistice with Germany.{{R|ac-lyon}}

In the third and fourth lines, "{{lang|fr|Mais je n'ai pas pu / Et j'ai repris mon arme}}" (English: "But I could not / And I took my weapon"), d'Astier introduces the notion of resistance, with a risk of death, loss of family, friends and identity and leading a secretive and dangerous life on the run, evoked by the lines "{{lang|fr|J'ai changé cent fois de nom / J'ai perdu femme et enfants ... Hier encore, nous étions trois / Il ne reste plus que moi / Et je tourne en rond / Dans la prison des frontières}}" (English: "I changed name a hundred times / I lost wife and children ... Just yesterday, there were three of us / Now there is only me / And I'm going around in circles / Inside the prison of borders").{{R|ac-lyon}}

The dangers d'Astier describes are countered by the expressions "{{lang|fr|Mais j'ai tant d'amis / Et j'ai la France entière}}" (English: "But I have so many friends / And I have the whole of France"), describing the support of the Resistance from the French people. In the final verse, d'Astier expresses his hope and confidence that Resistance will not be futile; "{{lang|fr|Le vent souffle sur les tombes}}" (English: "The wind blows on the graves") evoking a cleansing wind and "{{lang|fr|La liberté reviendra / On nous oubliera / Nous rentrerons dans l'ombre}}" (English: "Freedom will return / We will be forgotten / We will go into the shadows") expressing the confidence that the actions of the mostly anonymous Resistance will have their desired effect.{{R|ac-lyon}}

Marly performed her song self-accompanied by guitar, and introduced each verse instrumentally while whistling the melody.{{R|freiburg botta}}

==Adaptation to English==
{{Further|Hy Zaret}}
Born in Manhattan, New York City in 1907, Hy Zaret was best known as a [[Tin Pan Alley]] lyricist, whose writing credits include those for "Unchained Melody", "[[One Meat Ball]]" and several educational and public service songs. He wrote an English version of "La Complainte du partisan"{{Refn
 | group = g
 | name  = jones, martin group
 | {{Plainlist|
* {{Nowrap|Jones, ''Open Culture''}} {{R|jones oc}}
* {{Nowrap|Martin, ''The New York Times''}} {{R|nytimes zaret obit}}
 }}
}}{{Refn
 | group=g
 | name=jones, zaret nytimes obit, telegraph zaret obit, wise, hogan group
 | {{Plainlist|
* {{Nowrap|Zaret obit. ''The Telegraph''}} {{R|telegraph zaret obit}}
* {{Nowrap|''The Little Black Songbook''}} {{R|wise cohen}}
* {{Nowrap|Hogan, ''Pitchfork''}} {{R|hogan cohen}}
 }}
}} titled "Song of the French partisan", published by the [[Lou Levy (publisher)|Leeds Publishing Corporation]], New York City, August 11, 1944.{{R|CC}}{{R|ac-lyon}} Zaret's adaptation includes three of d'Astier's original French verses, with references to {{lang|fr|L'ennemi}} (English: "The enemy") changed to {{lang|fr|Les Allemands}} (English: "The Germans"), inserted between the penultimate and final English verses.{{R|ac-lyon}} Leonard Cohen used Zaret's adaptation for his creation of "[[#Leonard Cohen's cover version|The Partisan]]", the cover version that popularised the song globally.{{Refn
 | group = g
 | name  = martin, jones and young group
 | {{Plainlist|
* {{Nowrap|Jones, Martin}} {{Refn |group=g |name=jones, martin group}}
* {{Nowrap|Young, ''Consequence of Sound''}} {{R|young cos}}
 }}
}}

Douglas Martin reported for ''[[The New York Times]]'' that Zaret "loosely translated" the French lyrics,{{R|martin nytimes}} and in his book ''Passion and Ambivalence: Colonialism, Nationalism, and International Law'', author [[Nathaniel Berman]] compares excerpts of d'Astier's original French lyrics alongside, what he calls Zaret's English <!-- the following zero-width-joiner glues the quote-mark to the parentheses -->"&zwj;(mis)translation", and notes that "the two versions reflect very different views"; that Zaret's English suggests that the partisans will "come from the shadows", while the French "{{lang|fr|nous rentrerons dans l'ombre}}", he states as "we will <em>return</em> to the shadow" (emphasis in quote) in English, suggests that the partisans – the Resistance – are "an artifact of the imperialism that dominates [them]", and that "reconciliation of society with its shadows is an illusion".{{R|berman}}

Alex Young, for ''[[Consequence of Sound]]'', describes the differences between the original French and Zaret's English, saying it "downplays the song's historical content – the English lyrics contain no references to France or the Nazi occupation", with an example of literal English translations of the song's first line, "The Germans were at my house" (French: "{{lang|fr|Les Allemands étaient chez moi}}"), being unheard in his English lyrics. Young goes on to compare the literal English translation of the same verse compared by Berman:{{R|young cos}}
{{Listen
 | type      = music
 | header    = Comparison of Marly and Cohen performing, respectively, d'Astier's original French and Zaret's English final verse
 | filename  = Anna Marly - La Complainte du partisan - 1963.ogg<!-- has non-free fair-use rationale, not reviewed as of January 2023 -->
 | title     = Anna Marly; "La Complainte du partisan"; 1963
 | filename2 = Leonard Cohen, The Partisan, 1968 - 28.5 second excerpt of English transition to French.ogg<!-- has non-free fair-use rationale, not reviewed as of January 2023 -->
 | title2    = Leonard Cohen; "The Partisan"; 1969
}}
{|
! scope="col" | d'Astier's French<small style="display:block">(as compared by Berman)</small>
! scope="col" | Zaret's English<small style="display:block">(as compared by Berman)</small>
! scope="col" | Literal English translation<small style="display:block">(as compared by Young)</small>
|-
| <blockquote><poem>{{lang|fr|Le vent souffle sur les tombes
La Liberté reviendra
On nous oubliera
Nous rentrerons dans l'ombre}}</poem></blockquote>
| <blockquote><poem>Oh, the wind, the wind is blowing
Through the graves the wind is blowing
Freedom soon will come
Then we'll come from the shadows</poem></blockquote>
| <blockquote><poem>The wind is blowing on the graves
Freedom will come back
Everyone will forget us
We will return to the shadows</poem></blockquote>
|}{{Clear}}

Maurice Ratcliff also noted, in his book ''Leonard Cohen: The Music and The Mystique'', that there are differences between the original French and Zaret's English versions; he comments that Leonard Cohen's "The Partisan" is "substantially Zaret's", and while it does also contain verses sung in the original French, references to "The Germans" in the English verses, "become the more neutral 'soldiers{{' "}} and "the shelter-giving 'old woman' is '{{lang|fr|un vieux[&zwj;[[sic]]] homme}}{{' "}} (English: "an old man").{{R|ratcliff cohen}}

Giacomo Bottà describes Zaret's adaptation as "relatively faithful",{{R|freiburg botta}} while in the Académie de Lyon's evaluation of "La Complainte du partisan", its adaptation and cover versions, they write:{{R|ac-lyon}}
<blockquote>{{lang|fr|La version de Léonard Cohen propose une traduction fidèle, sauf la dernière strophe, qui est bien plus positive: les résistants sortiront de l'ombre et la liberté sera revenue. Le résistant est montré davantage comme un héros, qui est placé dans la lumière, une fois la liberté revenue.}} (English: The version of Leonard Cohen offers a faithful translation, except the last stanza, which is much more positive: the resistants will come out of the shadows and freedom will return. The resistance fighter is shown more as a hero, who is placed in the light, once freedom has returned).</blockquote>
They state that:{{R|ac-lyon}}
<blockquote>{{lang|fr|Cohen était fasciné par cette chanson et se demandait d'ailleurs "si la musique et les écrits n'avaient pas, à eux seuls, renversé Hitler"}} (English: Cohen was fascinated by this song and wondered, moreover, "if music and writings alone did not overthrow Hitler").</blockquote>

==Leonard Cohen's cover version==
{{Infobox song
 | name       = The Partisan
 | cover      = Leonard Cohen - The Partisan (B-side - Bird on the Wire) - 1969 CBS (4262) 7-inch single cover art.jpg
 | type       = single
 | artist     = [[Leonard Cohen]]
 | album      = [[Songs from a Room]]
 | B-side     = [[Bird on the Wire]]
 | released   = {{Start date|1969|05|30}}
 | recorded   = {{Start date|1968|10}}
 | studio     = Columbia Studio A, Nashville
 | genre      = [[Folk music|Folk]]
 | length     = {{Duration|m=3|s=37}}
 | label      = [[CBS]]
 | composer   = [[Anna Marly]]
 | lyricist   =
* [[Emmanuel d'Astier de La Vigerie]]
* [[Hy Zaret]]
 | producer   = [[Bob Johnston]]
 | prev_year  = 1968
 | prev_title = [[So Long, Marianne]]
 | next_title = [[Joan of Arc (Leonard Cohen song)|Joan of Arc]]
 | next_year  = 1971
}}

While living at a rented farm in [[Franklin, Tennessee]], Leonard Cohen worked on his second album ''[[Songs from a Room]]'' with [[Bob Johnston]], its producer. In the candlelit [[Columbia Records|Columbia]] Studio A on [[Music Row]], Nashville,{{R|lynskey cohen}} Johnston created a relaxed atmosphere for, what Mike Evans, in his book ''Leonard Cohen: An Illustrated Record'', calls "suitable, and non-intrusive, backing" by the assembled session musicians: [[Charlie Daniels]] on bass, fiddle and guitar, [[Ron Cornelius]] on guitars, Bubba Fowler on banjo, bass, fiddle and guitar, and Johnston himself playing keyboards. Ten songs were recorded in one eight-hour session, half of which ended up on the album.{{R|ratcliff cohen}}{{Refn
 | group = g
 | name  = young, evans group
 | {{Plainlist|
* {{Nowrap|Young, ''Consequence of Sound''}} {{R|young cos}}
* {{Nowrap|Evans, ''Leonard Cohen: An Illustrated Record''}} {{R|evans cohen}}
 }}}}

The recording of "The Partisan" utilized only a classical guitar, double bass, and accordion along with vocals by Cohen and female voices. Bottà states, of Cohen's recording of Zaret's adaptation, that "the melody and chord structure is considerably different from the original" by Marly.{{R|freiburg botta}}

Both writing for ''[[The Guardian]]'', [[Adam Sweeting]], in Cohen's obituary, and Dorian Lynskey, in his music blog article, refer to ''Songs from a Room'' as being bleak. Sweeting states that it is "another powerful but bleak collection",{{R|guardian cohen obit}} while Lynskey calls it "sparser and bleaker than the debut",{{R|lynskey cohen}} ''[[Songs of Leonard Cohen]]''.

Cohen first learned "La Complainte du partisan" from ''[[People's Songs|The People's Songbook]]'' as a fifteen-year-old boy at summer-camp in 1950.{{R|nadel cohen}} Using Zaret's predominantly English adaptation to record the song, with the title "The Partisan",{{R|hogan cohen}} left Cohen dissatisfied, and he suggested to Johnston that French voices were needed on the track. Johnston reportedly arranged to fly with Cohen to Paris, for "authenticity" according to Maurice Ratcliff, to record a trio of female singers and an accordion player, whose work was [[overdub]]bed on to the track.{{R|ratcliff cohen}}{{Refn |group=g |name=young, evans group}} The song fades into an intro, followed by nine verses and an outro that fades out; the first five verses are sung from Zaret's English, followed by verses six, seven and eight being sung in French, and the final verse nine being a repeat of the English verse five.{{R|wise cohen}}

In May 1969, [[CBS]] released the album track, "The Partisan", in Europe as a [[7-inch single]] with, in the initial format, "[[Bird on the Wire]]", and in a later format, "[[Suzanne (Leonard Cohen song)|Suzanne]]" on the [[A-side and B-side|B-side]].{{R |kubernik cohen |mb cohen single}}

"The Partisan" was to be Cohen's first commercial recording of a song he did not write;{{R|evans cohen}} writing about Cohen's cover versions of other's songs, in his article for ''[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]'', published soon after Cohen's death, [[Marc Hogan]] refers to Cohen's "The Partisan" as a "wonderfully affecting ... haunting version",{{R|hogan cohen}} and Josh Jones, writing for ''Open Culture'', describes it as having a "folk melody and melancholy lyricism",{{R|jones oc}} with what Ratcliff calls a "plodding bass line underpinning the simply strummed guitar and an occasional accordion" and "a rare excursion ... into political territory".{{R|ratcliff cohen}} Tim Nelson, in his BBC review of Cohen's albums, also refers to the song's "biting political commentary".{{R|nelson review}}

===Cultural impact===
Alex Young writes that "[Cohen] is often incorrectly credited as the composer of the [original] song – although he is certainly responsible for its survival",{{R|young cos}} Douglas Martin states that {{" '}}The Partisan' gained popularity" in the United States thanks to Cohen's recording,{{R|martin nytimes}} and Josh Jones writes that the song "[has] become so closely associated with Cohen that it has often been credited to him", with Cohen reportedly remarking, "I kind of re-introduced ['The Partisan'] into the world of popular music. I feel I wrote it, but I actually didn't" (bracketed content in source).{{R|jones oc}} Hogan writes that Cohen's version "became one of his signature songs, leading to renditions by Joan Baez, Buffy Sainte-Marie, [[Electrelane]], [[First Aid Kit (band)|First Aid Kit]], and many others."{{R|hogan cohen}}

Evans writes about a Polish translation of Cohen's—Zaret's—song being adopted as an unofficial anthem of the [[Solidarity (Polish trade union)|Solidarity]] movement for democracy in the detention camps of [[History of Poland (1945–1989)|communist Poland]], one of the countries in which Cohen performed while on the [[Various Positions Tour]] in 1985, supporting his album that spawned "[[Hallelujah (Leonard Cohen song)|Hallelujah]]", ''[[Various Positions]]''.{{R|evans cohen}}

==Other cover versions==
Luke Reilly, reporting for an article in ''[[IGN]]'' about the creation of Australian composer [[Mick Gordon (composer)|Mick Gordon]]'s version of "The Partisan" for the closing credits of the 2015 [[video game]] ''[[Wolfenstein: The Old Blood]]'', a game in [[Wolfenstein|a series]] depicting the events of a fictionalised World War II, refers to Cohen's "The Partisan" as being "perhaps" the most famous, and reports that the audio director on Wolfenstein, Nicholas Raynor, also called Cohen's version "a famous one"; according to Gordon, it was Raynor's idea to do a cover for the game. The Australian singer-songwriter [[Tex Perkins]] was Gordon's first choice to sing his version. Reilly says "the song itself is poignant and heartrending, yet incredibly stirring and motivational. A song that simultaneously mourns what's been lost and steels listeners for a fight to come" and that Gordon and Perkin's version "begins with a softly haunting acoustic intro before escalating to stomping blasts of distorted guitar and heaving drumming".{{R|reilly gordon}}

Recording their 2005 album ''[[Axes (album)|Axes]]'' live in the studio, English group Electrelane included a version of "The Partisan" on the release. Andy Gill, reviewing the album for ''[[The Independent]]'', described their style as "a sort of cross between [[Krautrock]], [[klezmer]] and [[free jazz]] that thrives on the enthusiasm of performance", and that their version is "still recognisable ... despite the churning thrash they give it".{{R |hogan cohen |gill electrelane}}

Canadian group [[Po' Girl]] included a version on their 2007 album, ''[[Home to You (Po' Girl album)|Home to You]]'', which Sue Keogh described, in her review for the BBC, as an "acoustic mix of guitars, banjos and violin, plus a couple of moments of clarinet and trumpet or wry comments from [[performance poet]] CV Avery to keep you on your toes", having a "gentle acoustic sound" with a "bright and breezy yet intimate and charming atmosphere".<!-- BBC content by-nc-sa/3.0 licensed -->{{R|keogh po girl}} David Jeffries called the album a "layered, insightful, and achingly poignant triumph" in his review for [[AllMusic]].{{R|am po girl}}

Betty Clarke, for ''the Guardian'', reviewed a live show at the Village Underground, London by American group [[Other Lives (band)|Other Lives]] in 2012, where they performed a cover of "The Partisan". Clarke says the band create "indie-pop with the scope, precision and polish of [[Fleetwood Mac]]'s ''[[Rumours (album)|Rumours]]''" (emphasis added), and that their performance of "The Partisan" "encompass[ed] all the elements of Other Lives' sound".{{R|clarke other lives}}

Versions of "The Partisan" have been performed, recorded and released by many other artists, with none being so widely referenced as that by Joan Baez{{R |reilly gordon |hogan cohen}} in 1972,{{Refn
 | group=g
 | name=jones, martin, young, evans group
 | {{Plainlist|
* {{Nowrap|Jones, Martin}} {{Refn |group=g |name=jones, martin group}}
* {{Nowrap|Young, Evans}} {{Refn |group=g |name=young, evans group}}
 }}
}} on her album ''Come from the Shadows'',{{R|mb baez album}} the name of which is derived from Zaret's English lyrics.{{R|baez memoir}}

===Song of the French Partisan===
{{Infobox song
 | name     = Song of the French Partisan
 | type     = song
 | artist   = [[Buffy Sainte-Marie]]
 | album    = [[She Used to Wanna Be a Ballerina]]
 | A-side   = Soldat Bleu
 | released = {{Start date|1970}}
 | genre    =
* [[Folk music|Folk]]
* [[pop rock]]
 | length   = {{Duration|m=3|s=16}}
 | label    = [[Vanguard Records|Vanguard]]
 | composer = [[Anna Marly]]
 | lyricist =
* {{Nowrap|[[Emmanuel d'Astier de La Vigerie]]}}
* [[Hy Zaret]]
 | producer =
* [[Jack Nitzsche]]
* {{Nowrap|[[Buffy Sainte-Marie]]}}
}}

[[File:Buffy Sainte-Marie -performing at the Grand Gala du Disque 1968.png|thumb|upright=0.5|left|[[Buffy Sainte-Marie]] performing at the [[Edison Award|Grand Gala du Disque]] in 1968|alt=A young woman playing a classical guitar]]
In 1970, Canadian singer-songwriter Buffy Sainte-Marie provided the title song for the film ''[[Soldier Blue]]'',{{Refn
 | group = g
 | name  = ruhlmann, positif, jeune group
 | {{Plainlist|
* {{Nowrap|Ruhlmann, ''AllMusic'' review}} {{R|ruhlmann review}}
* {{Nowrap|''Positif'' magazine}} {{R|positif}}
* {{Nowrap|''Jeune Cinéma'' magazine}} {{R|jeune}}
 }}
}} first released as a 7-inch single in France in 1970 by [[Vanguard Records]] with the title "Soldat Bleu", and elsewhere in 1971 by [[RCA Victor]] as "Soldier Blue", all releases featuring "Song of the French Partisan", the title as published by Zaret,{{R|bnf partisan}}{{R|CC}} a "folk tune she learned from Leonard Cohen" according to Andrea Warner in her book, ''Buffy Sainte-Marie: The Authorized Biography'',{{R|warner sainte-marie bio}} on the B-side.{{R|ocde soldier}} Both songs were included on her 1971 album ''[[She Used to Wanna Be a Ballerina]]''.{{R |ruhlmann review |warner sainte-marie bio}} The RCA release of "Soldier Blue" was a top-10 hit in the United Kingdom in 1971, spending eighteen weeks on the singles chart, four in the top-10, two at number seven.{{R |hogan cohen |ocuk soldier}}

Another version to be produced by Bob Johnston was recorded by Israeli singer Esther Ofarim, who had previously taken second place for Switzerland in the [[Eurovision Song Contest 1963|1963 Eurovision Song Contest]]{{R |ev ofarim |ev fiasco}} and had, with her then husband [[Abi Ofarim]], a British number one hit with the novelty song "[[Cinderella Rockefella]]" in 1968.{{R |am ofarim bio |charts orarim}} She released the cover on her [[eponymous]] 1972 album ''Esther Ofarim''; in his review for AllMusic, Richie Unterberger calls Ofarim's recording of the song one of the highlights, awarding the album three of a possible five stars.{{R|am ofarim review}}
{{Clear}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Music|France}}
* [[Protest song]] – a song that is associated with a movement for [[social change]]
* {{Section link|Psychological warfare#World War II}} – the use of radio to disseminate [[propaganda]] during World War II
* "[[We'll Meet Again]]" – a 1939 song made famous by singer [[Vera Lynn]] which resonated with soldiers and their families during World War II
* "[[A Change Is Gonna Come]]" – a 1964 song by American recording artist [[Sam Cooke]] which became an anthem for [[African Americans]] and the [[Civil Rights Movement]]
* ''[[The Sorrow and the Pity]]'' – a two-part 1969 documentary film by [[Marcel Ophüls]] about the collaboration between the [[Vichy France|Vichy]] government and Nazi Germany during World War II – featuring interviews with and archival footage of Emmanuel d'Astier de La Vigerie

==References==
'''Groups'''
{{Reflist|group=g|30em}}

'''Sources'''
{{Reflist|refs=

<!-- Books -->

<ref name="ratcliff cohen">{{Cite book
 | medium      = Book
 | title       = Leonard Cohen: The Music and The Mystique
 | first       = Maurice
 | last        = Ratcliff
 | chapter     = Part 1: Studio albums
 | publisher   = [[Omnibus Press]]
 | year        = 2012
 | isbn        = 9780857128225
 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ujgDAwAAQBAJ&q=%22the+partisan%22
 | via         = [[Google Books]]
}}</ref>
<ref name="craig book">{{Cite book
 | medium    = Book
 | title     = Sovereignty, War, and the Global State
 | first     = Dylan
 | last      = Craig
 | page      = 110
 | publisher = [[Springer Publishing]]
 | year      = 2019
 | isbn      = 9783030198862
 | url       = https://books.google.com/books?id=QXCfDwAAQBAJ&q=%22La+Complainte+du+partisan%22
 | via       = [[Google Books]]
}}</ref>
<ref name="wise cohen">{{Cite book
 | medium      = Book
 | title       = The Little Black Songbook: Leonard Cohen
 | author      = Wise Publications
 | chapter     = The Partisan
 | pages       = 124–125
 | year        = 2012
 | publisher = Wise Publications
 | isbn        = 9780857129192
 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=OGvHDgAAQBAJ&q=%22the+partisan%22
 | via         = [[Google Books]]
}}</ref>
<ref name="berman">{{Cite book
 | medium            = Book
 | title             = Passion and Ambivalence: Colonialism, Nationalism, and International Law
 | first             = Nathaniel
 | last              = Berman
 | author-link       = Nathaniel Berman
 | translator-first1 = Euan
 | translator-last1  = MacDonald
 | pages             = 455–456
 | publisher         = [[Martinus Nijhoff Publishers]]
 | year              = 2011
 | isbn              = 9789004210240
 | url               = https://books.google.com/books?id=1oga8OOqW40C&q=%22La+Complainte+du+partisan%22
 | via               = [[Google Books]]
}}</ref>
<ref name="evans cohen">{{Cite book
 | medium    = Book
 | title     = Leonard Cohen: An Illustrated Record
 | first     = Mike
 | last      = Evans
 | year      = 2018
 | publisher = [[Plexus Publishing]]
 | isbn      = 9780859658690
 | url       = https://books.google.com/books?id=lA5tDwAAQBAJ&q=%22the+partisan%22
 | via       = [[Google Books]]
}}</ref>
<ref name="kubernik cohen">{{Cite book
 | medium      = Book
 | title       = Leonard Cohen: Everybody Knows
 | first       = Harvey
 | last        = Kubernik
 | author-link = Harvey Kubernik
 | chapter     = 7" and 12" Vinyl Singles, EPs and CD-Singles
 | year        = 2017
 | publisher   = [[Omnibus Press]]
 | isbn        = 9781783238163
 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=0AYxCwAAQBAJ&q=%22the+partisan%22+4262
 | via         = [[Google Books]]
}}</ref>
<ref name="baez memoir">{{Cite book
 | medium      = Book
 | title       = And A Voice to Sing With: A Memoir
 | first       = Joan
 | last        = Baez
 | author-link = Joan Baez
 | pages       = 169–170
 | publisher   = [[Simon and Schuster]]
 | year        = 2012
 | isbn        = 9781451688405
 | url         = https://books.google.com/books?id=4Lw5Y0nsWd0C&q=partisan
 | via         = [[Google Books]]
}}</ref>
<ref name="warner sainte-marie bio">{{Cite book
 | medium      = Book
 | title       = Buffy Sainte-Marie: The Authorized Biography
 | first       = Andrea
 | last        = Warner
 | chapter     = Better to find out for yourself
 | publisher   = [[Greystone Books]]
 | year        = 2018
 | isbn        = 9781771643597
 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m2JmDwAAQBAJ&q=%22The+song+of+the+French+partisan%22
 | via         = [[Google Books]]
}}</ref>
<ref name="nadel cohen">{{Cite book
 | medium      = Book
 | title       = Various Positions: A Life of Leonard Cohen
 | first       = Ira B.
 | last        = Nadel
 | author-link = Ira Nadel
 | publisher   = [[Random House of Canada]]
 | year        = 2010
 | isbn        = 9780307367020
 | url         = https://books.google.com/books?id=p44Jtck3VCAC&q=%22the+people%27s+songbook%22
 | via         = [[Google Books]]
}}</ref>
<ref name="CC">{{Cite book
 | medium    = Book
 | title     = Catalog of Copyright Entries: Musical compositions, Part 3
 | publisher = [[Library of Congress]], Copyright Office
 | year      = 1944
 | page      = 1421
 | url       = https://books.google.com/books?id=yj5jAAAAIAAJ&q=%22song+of+the+french+partisan%22
 | via       = [[Google Books]]
}}</ref>

<!-- Journals -->

<ref name="king dAstier">{{Cite journal
 | medium    = Journal
 | journal   = Journal of Contemporary History
 | volume    = 8
 | issue     = 4
 | year      = 1973
 | publisher = [[SAGE Publications]]
 | title     = Emmanuel d'Astier and the Nature of the French Resistance
 | pages     = 25–34
 | first     = Jonathan H.
 | last      = King
 | jstor     = 260126
 | doi       = 10.1177/002200947300800402
 | s2cid     = 159925576
 }}</ref>

<!-- Magazines -->

<ref name="positif">{{Cite magazine
 | medium    = Magazine
 | magazine  = [[Positif (magazine)|Positif]]
 | title     = Positif, Issues 123-133
 | year      = 1971
 | publisher = Nouvelles éditions
 | language  = fr
 | url       = https://books.google.com/books?id=JTtAAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Buffy+Sainte-Marie%22+%22Soldat+Bleu%22
 | via       = [[Google Books]]
}}</ref>
<ref name="jeune">{{Cite magazine
 | medium    = Magazine
 | magazine  = [[:fr:Jeune Cinéma|Jeune Cinéma]]
 | title     = Jeune cinéma, Issues 53-62
 | year      = 1971
 | publisher = Fédération Jean Vigo
 | language  = fr
 | url       = https://books.google.com/books?id=p2Q9AAAAIAAJ&q=%22Buffy+Sainte-Marie%22
 | via       = [[Google Books]]
}}</ref>

<!-- News -->

<ref name="guardian cohen obit">{{Cite news
 | url          = https://www.theguardian.com/music/2016/nov/11/leonard-cohen-obituary
 | url-status   = live
 | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20200829145429/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2016/nov/11/leonard-cohen-obituary
 | archive-date = August 29, 2020
 | access-date  = October 23, 2020
 | website      = [[The Guardian]]
 | department   = Obituaries
 | title        = Leonard Cohen obituary
 | first        = Adam
 | last         = Sweeting
 | author-link  = Adam Sweeting
 | date         = November 11, 2016
}}</ref>
<ref name="martin nytimes">{{Cite news
 | url          = https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/13/world/europe/anna-marly-88-dies-inspired-french-resistance-in-song.html
 | url-status   = live
 | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170918001416/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/13/world/europe/anna-marly-88-dies-inspired-french-resistance-in-song.html
 | archive-date = September 18, 2017
 | access-date  = August 13, 2019
 | url-access   = subscription
 | website      = [[The New York Times]]
 | title        = Anna Marly, 88, Dies; Inspired French Resistance in Song
 | first        = Douglas
 | last         = Martin
 | date         = March 13, 2016
}}</ref>
<ref name="nytimes zaret obit">{{Cite news
 | url          = https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/03/arts/03zaret.html
 | url-status   = live
 | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20200810002754/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/03/arts/03zaret.html
 | archive-date = August 10, 2020
 | access-date  = October 23, 2020
 | website      = [[The New York Times]]
 | department   = Arts
 | title        = Hy Zaret, 99, Tin Pan Alley Lyricist, Is Dead
 | first        = Douglas
 | last         = Martin
 | date         = July 3, 2007
}}</ref>
<ref name="telegraph zaret obit">{{Cite news
 | url          = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1556693/Hy-Zaret.html
 | url-status   = live
 | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20190813032922/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1556693/Hy-Zaret.html
 | archive-date = August 13, 2019
 | access-date  = October 23, 2020
 | website      = [[Telegraph.co.uk|The Telegraph]]
 | department   = Obituaries
 | title        = Hy Zaret
 | date         = July 7, 2007
}}</ref>
<ref name="kirkup marly obit">{{Cite news
 | url          = https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/anna-marly-6108581.html
 | url-status   = live
 | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20190813042807/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/anna-marly-6108581.html
 | archive-date = August 13, 2019
 | access-date  = October 23, 2020
 | website      = [[The Independent]]
 | department   = Obituaries
 | title        = Anna Marly: 'Troubadour of the Resistance'
 | first        = James
 | last         = Kirkup
 | author-link  = James Kirkup
 | date         = February 21, 2006
}}</ref>
<ref name="telegraph marly obit">{{Cite news
 | url          = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1511643/Anna-Marly.html
 | url-status   = live
 | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20190816103007/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1511643/Anna-Marly.html
 | archive-date = August 16, 2019
 | access-date  = October 24, 2020
 | website      = [[Telegraph.co.uk|The Telegraph]]
 | department   = Obituaries
 | title        = Anna Marly
 | date         = February 28, 2006
}}</ref>

<!-- Web -->

<ref name="bnf partisan">{{Cite web
 | url          = https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb431354120
 | website      = BnF
 | title        = Notice bibliographique La Complainte du partisan--Song of the French partisan. Paroles de Bernard
 | trans-title  = Bibliographic Record The lament of the partisan - Song of the French partisan. Bernard's words
 | publisher    = [[Bibliothèque nationale de France]]
 | language     = fr
 | access-date  = August 29, 2019
}}</ref>
<ref name="bnf dAstier">{{Cite web
 | url          = https://data.bnf.fr/fr/11889316/emmanuel_d__astier_de_la_vigerie/
 | website      = BnF
 | title        = Emmanuel of Astier de La Vigerie (1900-1969)
 | publisher    = [[Bibliothèque nationale de France]]
 | language     = fr
 | access-date  = September 6, 2019
}}</ref>
<ref name="order of liberation">{{Cite web
 | url          = https://www.ordredelaliberation.fr/fr/compagnons/emmanuel-astier-de-la-vigerie-d
 | url-status   = live
 | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20200809205819/https://www.ordredelaliberation.fr/fr/compagnons/emmanuel-astier-de-la-vigerie-d
 | archive-date = August 9, 2020
 | access-date  = October 23, 2020
 | website      = Musée de l'Ordre de la Libération
 | title        = Emmanuel d'Astier of the Vigerie
 | language     = fr
}}</ref>
<ref name="fondation resistance">{{Cite web
 | url          = http://www.fondationresistance.org/pages/rech_doc/emmanuel-astier-vigerie_portrait9.htm
 | url-status   = live
 | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20200809021836/http://www.fondationresistance.org/pages/rech_doc/emmanuel-astier-vigerie_portrait9.htm
 | archive-date = August 9, 2020
 | access-date  = October 23, 2020
 | website      = fondation de la résistance
 | title        = Profiles: Emmanuel d'Astier of the Vigerie
 | language     = fr
}}</ref>
<ref name="ac-lyon">{{Cite web
 | url          = http://www2.ac-lyon.fr/ressources/rhone/arts-culture/IMG/pdf/la_complainte_du_partisan.pdf
 | url-status   = dead
 | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20190812011816/http://www2.ac-lyon.fr/ressources/rhone/arts-culture/IMG/pdf/la_complainte_du_partisan.pdf
 | archive-date = August 12, 2019
 | access-date  = October 23, 2020
 | website      = Académie de Lyon
 | title        = La Complainte du partisan
 | publisher    = [[:fr:Académie de Lyon (éducation)|Academy of Lyon]]
 | language     = fr
}}</ref>
<ref name="freiburg botta">{{Cite web
 | url          = https://portal.uni-freiburg.de/songlexikon/songs/thepartisan
 | url-status   = dead
 | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20160428051633/https://portal.uni-freiburg.de/songlexikon/songs/thepartisan
 | archive-date = April 28, 2016
 | website      = Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
 | title        = La complainte du partisan / The Partisan — Songlexikon
 | first        = Giacomo
 | last         = Bottà
 | publisher    = [[University of Freiburg]]
 | date         = July 24, 2014
 | access-date  = August 4, 2020
}}</ref>
<ref name="jones oc">{{Cite web
 | url          = http://www.openculture.com/2018/09/tom-waits-releases-timely-cover-italian-anti-fascist-anthem-bella-ciao-first-new-song-two-years.html
 | url-status   = live
 | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20200725163543/http://www.openculture.com/2018/09/tom-waits-releases-timely-cover-italian-anti-fascist-anthem-bella-ciao-first-new-song-two-years.html
 | archive-date = July 25, 2020
 | access-date  = October 23, 2020
 | website      = Open Culture
 | title        = Tom Waits Releases a Timely Cover of the Italian Anti-Fascist Anthem "Bella Ciao," His First New Song in Two Years
 | first        = Josh
 | last         = Jones
 | date         = September 14, 2018
}}</ref>
<ref name="reilly gordon">{{Cite web
 | url          = https://uk.ign.com/articles/2016/12/12/pentagrams-and-partisans-mick-gordon-on-making-music-that-matters
 | url-status   = live
 | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20190812000811/https://www.ign.com/articles/2016/12/12/pentagrams-and-partisans-mick-gordon-on-making-music-that-matters
 | archive-date = August 12, 2019
 | access-date  = October 23, 2020
 | website      = [[IGN]]
 | title        = Pentagrams and Partisans: Mick Gordon on Making Music That Matters
 | first        = Luke
 | last         = Reilly
 | publisher    = [[Ziff Davis]]
 | date         = October 19, 2017
}}</ref>
<ref name="young cos">{{Cite web
 | url          = https://consequenceofsound.net/2009/01/rock-history-101-leonard-cohen-the-partisan/
 | url-status   = live
 | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20190812192301/https://consequenceofsound.net/2009/01/rock-history-101-leonard-cohen-the-partisan/
 | archive-date = August 12, 2019
 | access-date  = October 23, 2020
 | website      = [[Consequence of Sound]]
 | title        = Rock History 101: Leonard Cohen – "The Partisan"
 | first        = Alex
 | last         = Young
 | date         = January 14, 2009
}}</ref>
<ref name="lynskey cohen">{{Cite web
 | url          = https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2016/nov/11/leonard-cohen-he-knew-things-about-life-and-if-you-listened-you-could-learn
 | url-status   = live
 | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20201008040823/https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2016/nov/11/leonard-cohen-he-knew-things-about-life-and-if-you-listened-you-could-learn
 | archive-date = October 8, 2020
 | access-date  = October 23, 2020
 | website      = [[The Guardian]]
 | department   = Music blog
 | title        = Leonard Cohen – he knew things about life, and if you listened you could learn
 | first        = Dorian
 | last         = Lynskey
 | date         = November 11, 2016
}}</ref>
<ref name="hogan cohen">{{Cite web
 | url          = https://pitchfork.com/thepitch/1361-7-covers-leonard-cohen-made-his-own/
 | url-status   = live
 | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20201001110857/https://pitchfork.com/thepitch/1361-7-covers-leonard-cohen-made-his-own/
 | archive-date = October 1, 2020
 | access-date  = October 23, 2020
 | website      = [[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]
 | department   = The Pitch
 | title        = 7 Covers Leonard Cohen Made His Own
 | first        = Marc
 | last         = Hogan
 | author-link  = Marc Hogan
 | date         = November 11, 2016
}}</ref>
<ref name="nelson review">{{Cite web
 | url          = https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/reviews/3f54/
 | url-status   = live
 | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20190814202334/https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/reviews/3f54/
 | archive-date = August 14, 2019
 | access-date  = October 23, 2020
 | website      = [[BBC]]
 | title        = Leonard Cohen The Songs of Leonard Cohen, Songs from a Room, Songs of Love and Hate Review
 | first        = Tim
 | last         = Nelson
 | year         = 2007
}}</ref>
<ref name="gill electrelane">{{Cite web
 | url          = https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/reviews/album-electrelane-236888.html
 | url-status   = live
 | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20190812200751/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/reviews/album-electrelane-236888.html
 | archive-date = August 12, 2019
 | access-date  = October 23, 2020
 | website      = [[The Independent]]
 | title        = Album: Electrelane
 | first        = Andy
 | last         = Gill
 | date         = May 6, 2005
}}</ref>
<ref name="clarke other lives">{{Cite web
 | url          = https://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/apr/05/other-lives-review
 | url-status   = live
 | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20190811224318/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/apr/05/other-lives-review
 | archive-date = August 11, 2019
 | access-date  = October 23, 2020
 | website      = [[The Guardian]]
 | title        = Other Lives – review
 | first        = Betty
 | last         = Clarke
 | date         = April 5, 2012
}}</ref>
<ref name="keogh po girl">{{Cite web
 | url          = https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/reviews/nv63/
 | url-status   = live
 | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20190816205228/https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/reviews/nv63/
 | archive-date = August 16, 2019
 | access-date  = October 23, 2020
 | website      = [[BBC]]
 | title        = Po' Girl Home To You Review
 | first        = Sue
 | last         = Keogh
 | year         = 2007
}}</ref>
<ref name="ocde soldier">{{Cite web
 | url          = https://www.offiziellecharts.de/titel-details-68247
 | url-status   = live
 | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20190818041250/https://www.offiziellecharts.de/titel-details-68247
 | archive-date = August 18, 2019
 | access-date  = October 24, 2020
 | website      = [[Offizielle Deutsche Charts]]
 | title        = Offizielle Deutsche Charts: Soldier Blue
 | trans-title  = Official German Charts: Soldier Blue
 | language     = de
 | publisher    = [[GfK Entertainment charts|GfK Entertainment]]
}}</ref>
<ref name="ocuk soldier">{{Cite web
 | url          = https://www.officialcharts.com/search/singles/soldier-blue/
 | url-status   = live
 | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20190524195519/https://www.officialcharts.com/search/singles/soldier-blue/
 | archive-date = May 24, 2019
 | access-date  = October 24, 2020
 | website      = [[Official Charts]]
 | title        = Official UK Singles Chart: Soldier Blue
}}</ref>
<ref name="ev ofarim">{{Cite web
 | url          = https://eurovision.tv/event/london-1963/participants
 | url-status   = live
 | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20200918133502/https://eurovision.tv/event/london-1963/participants
 | archive-date = September 18, 2020
 | access-date  = October 24, 2020
 | website      = [[Eurovision Song Contest]]
 | title        = London 1963
}}</ref>
<ref name="ev fiasco">{{Cite web
 | url          = https://eurovision.tv/story/recalling-the-50th-anniversary-of-the-1963-contest
 | url-status   = live
 | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20200521131604/https://eurovision.tv/story/recalling-the-50th-anniversary-of-the-1963-contest
 | archive-date = May 21, 2020
 | access-date  = October 24, 2020
 | website      = [[Eurovision Song Contest]]
 | title        = Recalling the 50th anniversary of the 1963 contest
 | date         = March 23, 2013
}}</ref>
<ref name="charts orarim">{{Cite web
 | url          = https://www.officialcharts.com/search/singles/cinderella-rockefella/
 | url-status   = live
 | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20201002002421/https://www.officialcharts.com/search/singles/cinderella-rockefella/
 | archive-date = October 2, 2020
 | access-date  = October 24, 2020
 | website      = [[Official Charts]]
 | title        = Official singles chart results matching: Cinderella Rockefella
}}</ref>

<!-- Web / AllMusic -->

<ref name="am po girl">{{AllMusic
 | id         = mw0000558383
 | title      = AllMusic review by David Jeffries of Home to You by Po' Girl
 | class      = album
 | first      = David
 | last       = Jeffries
 | accessdate = August 15, 2019
}}</ref>
<ref name="ruhlmann review">{{AllMusic
 | id         = mw0000096876
 | title      = AllMusic review by William Ruhlmann of She Used to Wanna Be a Ballerina by Buffy Sainte-Marie
 | class      = album
 | first      = William
 | last       = Ruhlmann
 | accessdate = August 15, 2019
}}</ref>
<ref name="am ofarim review">{{AllMusic
 | id         = mw0001111689
 | title      = AllMusic review by Richie Unterberger of Esther Ofarim's eponymous album
 | class      = album
 | first      = Richie
 | last       = Unterberger
 | accessdate = August 15, 2019
}}</ref>
<ref name="am ofarim bio">{{AllMusic
 | id         = mn0000528440
 | title      = Esther Ofarim: Biography
 | class      = artist
 | first      = Richie
 | last       = Unterberger
 | accessdate = August 16, 2019
}}</ref>

<!-- MusicBrainz - These should ideally be replaced -->

<ref name="mb baez album">{{MusicBrainz release
 | mbid = 9548ddda-d807-46da-99ba-b4ab91c2a3eb
 | name = Come From The Shadows by Joan Baez
}}</ref>
<ref name="mb cohen single">{{MusicBrainz release group
 | mbid = c69e0ac2-2de4-4f0e-8d69-8c23163fe3c0
 | name = The Partisan by Leonard Cohen
}}</ref>

<!-- Not used inline yet -->

}}
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite web
 | url          = https://www.musee-armee.fr/collections/explorer-les-collections/portofolios/les-femmes-a-travers-les-collections-du-musee-de-larmee.html
 | title        = Les femmes à travers les collections du musée de l'Armée
 | trans-title  = Women through the collections of the Musée de l'Armée
 | publisher    = [[Musée de l'armée]]
 | language     = fr
 | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20200812152945/https://www.musee-armee.fr/collections/explorer-les-collections/portofolios/les-femmes-a-travers-les-collections-du-musee-de-larmee.html
 | archive-date = August 12, 2020
 | url-status   = live
 | access-date  = April 27, 2023
}}
* {{Cite book
 | medium      = Book
 | title       = Buffy Sainte-Marie: The Authorized Biography
 | first       = Andrea
 | last        = Warner
 | chapter     = Suffer the Little Children
 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m2JmDwAAQBAJ&q=born
 | publisher   = [[Greystone Books]]
 | year        = 2018
 | isbn        = 9781771643597
 | quote       = There's no official record of Buffy Sainte-Marie's birth ... she was born ... most likely in 1941, on or around February 20th
 | via         = [[Google Books]]
}}
* {{Cite web
 | url          = https://www.npr.org/2018/09/29/652791230/buffy-sainte-maries-authorized-biography-serves-as-a-map-of-hope?t=1565934257569
 | url-status   = live
 | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20190816072041/https://www.npr.org/2018/09/29/652791230/buffy-sainte-maries-authorized-biography-serves-as-a-map-of-hope?t=1565934257569
 | archive-date = August 16, 2019
 | access-date  = October 24, 2020
 | title        = Buffy Sainte-Marie's Authorized Biography Serves As A 'Map Of Hope'
 | website      = [[NPR]]
 | date         = September 29, 2018
 | first        = Scott
 | last         = Simon
 | author-link  = Scott Simon
 | quote        = [Buffy Sainte-Marie] doesn't know her exact birthday
}}
* {{Cite web
 | url          = http://joanbaez.com/bio/
 | url-status   = live
 | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20200224002154/http://joanbaez.com/bio/
 | archive-date = February 24, 2020
 | access-date  = October 24, 2020
 | website      = Joan Baez
 | title        = Bio info: Chronology
 | publisher    = [[Joan Baez|Joan C. Baez]] / Diamonds & Rust Productions
 | quote        = 1941 Joan Chandos Baez is born on January 9
}}
* {{Cite news
 | url          = https://www.thetimes.com/article/anna-marly-03fp5jl0rwf
 | url-status   = live
 | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20190815131642/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/anna-marly-03fp5jl0rwf
 | archive-date = August 15, 2019
 | access-date  = October 24, 2020
 | url-access   = subscription
 | website      = [[The Times]]
 | title        = Anna Marly
 | date         = February 24, 2006
}}
* {{Cite web
 | url          = https://www.leonardcohen.com/music/songs-from-a-room
 | url-status   = live
 | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20200919194537/https://www.leonardcohen.com/music/songs-from-a-room
 | archive-date = September 19, 2020
 | access-date  = October 24, 2020
 | website      = The Official Leonard Cohen Site
 | title        = Songs from a Room
}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
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Do not add video or other links to potentially copyright infringing media; see [[WP:COPYLINK]]

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* {{URL |1=leonardcohen.com |2=The Official Leonard Cohen Site}}<!-- operated by Sony Music Entertainment Canada Inc. -->
* {{URL |1=secondhandsongs.com/work/3798 |2="La complainte du partisan" at SecondHandSongs}} – a source of cover song information
* {{YouTube |hs5hOhI4pEE |Leonard Cohen - The Partisan (Audio)}} – uploaded by LeonardCohenVEVO
* {{YouTube |bZKnxtaVI2g |Les Stentors - La complainte du partisan}} – uploaded by LesstentorsVEVO
* {{YouTube |GEHpYn3sGwk |Emily Loizeau - La complainte du partisan}} – uploaded by EmilyLoizeauVEVO
* {{YouTube |TG_ZEovDDKk |Mick Gordon (feat. Tex Perkins) - The Partisan}} – uploaded by Mick Gordon
* {{YouTube |z9nafv7e1-E |Other Lives - The Partisan (Leonard Cohen cover) <nowiki>[Live at Amoeba]</nowiki>}} – uploaded by [[Amoeba Music]]
* {{YouTube |_KcKOeEwAaQ |The Partisan}} – Joan Baez – ''Come from the Shadows'' album version – provided to YouTube by [[Universal Music Group]]
* {{YouTube |VefiQvgCT8E |The Partisan}} – Electrelane – ''Axes'' album version – provided to YouTube by [[Beggars Group]]

{{Authority control}}
{{Leonard Cohen}}
{{Joan Baez}}
{{Buffy Sainte-Marie}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Partisan, The}}
[[Category:1943 songs]]
[[Category:Songs of World War II]]
[[Category:Songs about soldiers]]
[[Category:Songs about the military]]
[[Category:Songs in French]]
[[Category:French folk songs]]
[[Category:French Resistance]]
[[Category:Songs written by Anna Marly]]
[[Category:Songs written by Hy Zaret]]
[[Category:Buffy Sainte-Marie songs]]
[[Category:Leonard Cohen songs]]
[[Category:Joan Baez songs]]
[[Category:Song recordings produced by Bob Johnston]]
[[Category:Anti-fascist music]]
[[Category:CBS Records singles]]