View source for The History Boys

{{Short description|Play by British playwright Alan Bennett}}
{{for|the film|The History Boys (film)}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox play
| name       = The History Boys
| image      = The History Boys.jpg
| caption    = Original (2004) [[Royal National Theatre]] cast 
| writer     = [[Alan Bennett]]
| characters = {{ubl|Headmaster|Hector|Irwin|Mrs. Lintott|Akthar|Crowther|Dakin|Lockwood|Posner|Rudge|Scripps|Timms}}
| setting    = 1980s
| premiere   = 18 May 2004
| place      = [[Royal National Theatre]], London
| orig_lang  = English
| subject    = An unruly bunch of bright, funny boys in pursuit of sex, sport and a place at university.
| genre      = Comedy-drama
}}
'''''The History Boys''''' is a [[Play (theatre)|play]] by British playwright [[Alan Bennett]]. The play premiered at the [[Royal National Theatre]] in London's [[West End theatre|West End]] on 18 May 2004. Its Broadway debut was on 23 April 2006 at the [[Broadhurst Theatre]] where 185 performances were staged before it closed on 1 October 2006.{{citation needed|date=April 2011}}

The play won [[#AwardList|multiple awards]], including the 2005 [[Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Play]] and the 2006 [[Tony Award for Best Play#2000s|Tony Award for Best Play]].

==Plot==
The play opens in Cutlers' Grammar School, [[Sheffield]], a fictional boys' [[grammar school]] in the [[North–South divide (England)|north of England]]. Set in the mid-late 1980s, the play follows a group of history pupils preparing for the [[University of Oxford|Oxford]] and [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]] entrance examinations under the guidance of three teachers (Hector, Irwin, and Lintott) with contrasting styles.

Hector, an eccentric teacher, delights in knowledge for its own sake but his ambitious headmaster wants the school to move up the academic league table and hires Irwin, a [[supply teacher]], to introduce a rather more cynical and ruthless style of teaching. Hector is discovered sexually fondling a boy and later Irwin's latent homosexual inclinations emerge.

The character of Hector was based on the schoolmaster and author [[Frank McEachran]] (1900–1975).<ref>{{cite web |first=Geoff |last=Andrews |url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/james-klugmann-complex-communist/ |title=James Klugmann, a complex communist |date=27 February 2012 |website=opendemocracy.net |accessdate=1 May 2012 |archive-date=30 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830153053/https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/james-klugmann-complex-communist/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://tseliot.com/|title=T. S. Eliot|website=tseliot.com|access-date=3 April 2023|archive-date=6 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706095914/https://tseliot.com/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Characters==
[[File:The History Boys at The Doon School.jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|A 2007 production of ''The History Boys'' at [[The Doon School]], India; a scene featuring Irwin (played by [[Vivaan Shah]], then a student) and Posner]]

* Headmaster
* Hector – English and General Studies teacher
* Irwin – History teacher; brought in as a special coach
* Mrs Dorothy Lintott – History teacher
* Akthar – Pupil; of Asian ancestry, Muslim
* Crowther – Pupil; acts as a hobby
* Dakin – Pupil; handsome, object of Posner's and Irwin's affection
* Lockwood – Pupil; strong opinions
* Posner – Pupil; youngest, gay and Jewish
* Rudge – Pupil; better known for athletic skills than for intelligence
* Scripps – Pupil; Anglican, plays piano
* Timms – Pupil; joker, overweight
* Director on Irwin's television programme (a small role)

Irwin is said to be modelled after [[Niall Ferguson]].<ref>{{cite web | title= Niall Ferguson: The left love being provoked by me...they think I'm a reactionary imperialist scumbag | url= https://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/apr/11/niall-ferguson-political-debate-england-america | date= 11 April 2011 | work= [[The Guardian]] | access-date= 14 April 2011 | quote= The character of Irwin in Alan Bennett's play, ''The History Boys'' – a pushy, contrarian teacher who becomes a TV historian – is modelled on Ferguson... | archive-date= 30 August 2023 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230830153056/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/apr/11/niall-ferguson-political-debate-england-america | url-status= live }}</ref>

The play includes several non-speaking roles:
* Make-Up Woman, Production team – on Irwin's television show
* Three or four unidentified MPs – spoken to by Irwin in opening scene
* Other male pupils
* Fiona – Headmaster's secretary; object of Dakin's affection. Does not appear on stage in the published text, but was seen in filmed projections featuring [[Rio (song)|Rio]] by Duran Duran during the original production{{citation needed|date=April 2011}}.

==Productions==

===Royal National Theatre===
The play opened at the [[Royal National Theatre|Lyttelton Theatre]] (part of the National Theatre) in London on 18 May 2004, directed by [[Nicholas Hytner]]. It played to sell-out audiences and its limited run was frequently extended. [[Richard Griffiths]], [[Frances de la Tour]], [[James Corden]], [[Dominic Cooper]], [[Russell Tovey]], [[Sacha Dhawan]], [[Samuel Barnett (actor)|Samuel Barnett]], [[Jamie Parker]] and [[Andrew Knott]] were among the original cast. On 24 November 2005, the same production was revived once again at the Lyttelton Theatre, where it played another successful run. [[Matt Smith (actor)|Matt Smith]] took on the role of Lockwood in the November 2005 revision of the cast. The original cast reunited in the final week in February 2006.

====International tour====
Following closing in London, the National Theatre production toured to [[Hong Kong]] in February 2006 and featured in the 2006  [[New Zealand Festival of the Arts|New Zealand International Arts Festival]] held in [[Wellington]] (February 2006) before playing at the Sydney Theatre in [[Sydney]], Australia from 4 March to 8 April 2006. At each venue, the play was presented to sell-out audiences with the original London cast, including [[Richard Griffiths]]; however, [[Frances de la Tour]] and [[Clive Merrison]] were replaced by [[Maggie Steed]] and [[Malcolm Sinclair (actor)|Malcolm Sinclair]] until the Broadway season.

====Broadway====
The American premiere of the play took place on 23 April 2006 when the same National production opened on [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] at the [[Broadhurst Theatre]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newyorktheatreguide.com/reviews/thehistoryboys06.htm |title=The History Boys, Broadway Review, Broadhurst Theatre, New York Theatre Guide – Online |work=newyorktheatreguide.com |year=2011 |access-date=23 July 2011 |archive-date=16 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816210850/http://www.newyorktheatreguide.com/reviews/thehistoryboys06.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Originally scheduled to run through 2 September 2006, the run was extended through to 8 October 2006 following huge public demand after the show won the Tony, New York Critics Circle and other American theatrical awards.

====West End====
Following its Broadway triumph and second UK tour, the play opened at London's [[Wyndham's Theatre]] on 2 January 2007, following previews from 20 December 2006. The production closed on 14 April 2007. A further West End run of the play opened once again at Wyndham's Theatre on 20 December 2007 running through 26 April 2008.

====Tours in the UK and Ireland====
The first national tour of the production opened in 2005, continuing to play nine regional venues. A second Britain wide tour began on 31 August 2006 at the [[Birmingham Repertory Theatre]], touring to eight further venues. The third tour launched on 6 September 2007 at the [[Theatre Royal, Plymouth]], before continuing to [[Truro]], [[Cheltenham]], [[Bath, Somerset|Bath]], [[Dublin]], [[Blackpool]], [[Leeds]], [[Cambridge]] and [[Eastbourne]], culminating in [[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]] on 10 November 2007.

====Royal National Theatre casts====
{|class="wikitable"
!rowspan=2|Role
!First cast!!Second cast!!Third cast!!Fourth cast
|-
!<small>18 May 2004 to 2005,<br />{{no wrap|23 January 2006}} to 1 February 2006<br />(international tour, film adaptation)</small>
!<small>24 November 2005 to {{no wrap|January 2006}} (UK tour)</small>
!<small>31 August 2006 to {{no wrap|14 April 2007}}</small>
!<small>6 September 2007 to {{no wrap|26 April 2008}}</small>
|-
!Headmaster
| align=center |[[Clive Merrison]]<hr>[[Malcolm Sinclair (actor)|Malcolm Sinclair]] ''<small>(23 January 2006 to 28 January 2006, international tour until Broadway)</small>''
| align=center |[[Bruce Alexander (actor)|Bruce Alexander]]
| align=center |William Chubb
| align=center |[[David Mallinson]]
|-
!Hector
| align=center |[[Richard Griffiths]]
| align=center |[[Desmond Barrit]]
| align=center |[[Stephen Moore (actor)|Stephen Moore]]
| align=center |[[Desmond Barrit]]
|-
!Irwin
| align=center |[[Stephen Campbell Moore]]<hr>[[Geoffrey Streatfeild]] ''<small>(20 December 2004 to 2005)</small>''
| align=center |[[Tobias Menzies]]
| align=center |[[Orlando Wells]]
| align=center |Tim Delap
|-
!Mrs Lintott
| align=center |[[Frances de la Tour]]<hr>[[Maggie Steed]] ''<small>(23 January 2006 to 28 January 2006, international tour until Broadway)</small>''
| align=center |[[Diane Fletcher]]
| align=center |[[Isla Blair]]
| align=center |[[Elizabeth Bell (actress)|Elizabeth Bell]]
|-
!Akthar
| align=center |[[Sacha Dhawan]]
| align=center colspan=2 | [[Marc Elliott]]
| align=center |Alton Letto
|-
!Crowther
| align=center |[[Samuel Anderson (actor)|Samuel Anderson]]
| align=center |Kenny Thompson
| align=center |Akemnji Ndifornyen
| align=center |[[Nathan Stewart-Jarrett]]
|-
!Dakin
| align=center |[[Dominic Cooper]]
| align=center |[[Jamie King (actor)|Jamie King]]
| align=center |[[Ben Barnes (actor)|Ben Barnes]] ''<small>(pre February 2007)</small>''<hr>Jamie King ''<small>(post February 2007)</small>''
| align=center |Andrew Hawley
|-
!Lockwood
| align=center |[[Andrew Knott]]
| align=center |[[Matt Smith (actor)|Matt Smith]]
| align=center |David Poynor
| align=center |[[Sam Phillips (English actor)|Sam Phillips]]
|-
!Posner
| align=center |[[Samuel Barnett (actor)|Samuel Barnett]]
| align=center colspan=2 |[[Steven Webb]]
| align=center |Daniel Fine
|-
!Rudge
| align=center |[[Russell Tovey]]
| align=center colspan=2 |Philip Correia
| align=center |[[Ryan Hawley]]
|-
!Scripps
| align=center |[[Jamie Parker]]
| align=center colspan=2 |[[Thomas Morrison (actor)|Thomas Morrison]]
| align=center |[[Thomas Howes (actor)|Thomas Howes]]
|-
!Timms
| align=center |[[James Corden]]
| align=center |James Cartwright
| align=center |[[Owain Arthur]]
| align=center |[[Danny Kirrane]]
|}

A majority of the original cast reunited on 2 November 2013 for the [[National Theatre Live: 50 Years On Stage|National Theatre 50th Anniversary special]] and performed the French lesson scene, with Philip Correia taking over for Russell Tovey, Marc Elliott performing as Akthar, original Akthar actor Sacha Dhawan as Posner (as Samuel Barnett was performing in ''[[Richard III (play)|Richard III]]/[[Twelfth Night]]'' on Broadway at the time) and playwright Alan Bennett taking over as Hector from Richard Griffiths, who had died in March 2013.<ref>{{cite web |title=The History Boys — French Class [ENGLISH SUBTITLES] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bjhXBs3ksK8 |website=YouTube |access-date=7 April 2019}}{{cbignore}}{{Dead Youtube links|date=February 2022}}</ref>

===West Yorkshire Playhouse / Theatre Royal Bath tour===
A fourth national tour co-produced by the West Yorkshire Playhouse and Theatre Royal Bath commenced in early 2010. This was a new production not produced by the National Theatre and directed by Christopher Luscombe. The cast were as follows:
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
* Headmaster: Thomas Wheatley
* Hector: Gerard Murphy
* Irwin: Ben Lambert
* Mrs. Lintott: Penny Beaumont
* Akthar: Beruce Khan
* Crowther: Tom Reed
* Dakin: Kyle Redmond-Jones
* Lockwood: George Banks
* Posner: [[James Byng]]
* Rudge: Peter McGovern
* Scripps: Rob Delaney
* Timms: Christopher Keegan
{{div col end}}
After a successful run the West Yorkshire Playhouse/Bath Theatre Royal production was revived for 2011 with the following cast:{{citation needed|date=April 2011}}
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
* Headmaster: Thomas Wheatley
* Hector: Philip Franks
* Irwin: Ben Lambert
* Mrs. Lintott: Penny Beaumont
* Akthar: Beruce Khan
* Crowther: Michael Lyle
* Dakin: George Banks
* Lockwood: Ryan Saunders
* Posner: Rob Delaney
* Rudge: Peter McGovern
* Scripps: Harry Waller
* Timms: Christopher Keegan
{{div col end}}

===Other productions===
[[File:The History Boys, OVO, St Albans, Nov 2013.jpg|thumb|The Headmaster, in a 2014 production by OVO theatre company, [[St Albans]], UK]]

*The first non-professional UK production was staged by Daisy and Rose Theatre Productions at [[Ermysted's Grammar School]] in [[Skipton]], [[North Yorkshire]], on 28–30 August 2008.<ref>{{cite web | title= Ambitious debut for theatre group  | work=[[Craven Herald & Pioneer]] |url= http://www.cravenherald.co.uk/search/2187959.Ambitious_debut_for_theatre_group/ | access-date=7 August 2009}}</ref>
*A Catalan adaptation debuted on 24 September 2008 at Teatre Goya in Barcelona. Director: Josep Maria Pou.<ref>{{cite web|last=Nacional|first=Teatre|title=Teatre Nacional|url=http://www.teatrenacional.com/obra_teatre/els-nois-dhistoria.html|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416142758/http://www.teatrenacional.com/obra_teatre/els-nois-dhistoria.html|archive-date=16 April 2009}}</ref>
* In the spring of 2009, the play was produced across the United States in several regional premieres. On the west coast, a Seattle production ran from 4 March to 28 March 2009, at ArtsWest Playhouse.  The play had its southwest premiere at Uptown Players, in Dallas, from 3 April to 3 May 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uptownplayers.org/History/historypress.pdf |title=Uptown Players Presents – The History Boys |access-date=4 November 2015 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235443/http://www.uptownplayers.org/History/historypress.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> And the play made its Chicago premiere on 25 April 2009, at [[TimeLine Theatre Company|TimeLine Theatre]].<ref>[http://www.timelinetheatre.com/history_boys/index.htm Production History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830153202/https://timelinetheatre.com/events/the-history-boys/ |date=30 August 2023 }} at TimeLineTheatre.com</ref>
* The play had its amateur debut in Melbourne, Australia, performed at the Cromwell Road Theatre from 18–25 July 2009 and directed by [[Bryce Ives]] .{{citation needed|date=April 2011}} The first amateur production of the play (text released by [[Samuel French, Inc.]]) was performed at the St Helens Theatre Royal, on 19–22 August 2009.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}}
*The Netherlands premiere was presented on 1 October 2009 by The Queen's English Theatre Company at the CREA Theater, Amsterdam – featuring an English mother-tongue cast, starring Brian André as Hector and directed by Mark Winstanley. The same production formed the play's premiere at the [[Edinburgh International Festival]] in August 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.qetc.nl/past6.html |title=The History Boys |access-date=6 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916000927/http://www.qetc.nl/past6.html |archive-date=16 September 2012  }} (No publisher listed)</ref>
*An Italian adaptation debuted on 19 September 2010 at Teatro ElfoPuccini in Milan, directed by Elio de Capitani and Ferdinando Bruni.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}} It won the Premio UBU 2011 as best show.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}} 
* The Sydney debut was performed at the [[Sydney Opera House]] by the Peach Theatre Company from 8 February to 2 March 2013, starring [[John Wood (actor, born 1946)|John Wood]] as Hector, [[Heather Mitchell]] as Mrs Linnott, [[Paul Goddard (actor)|Paul Goddard]] as Head Master, James Mackay as Irwin, Dakin:[[Lindsay Farris]],  Scripps: Aaron Tsindos. Crowther: Simon Brook McLachlan. Lockwood: Caleb Alloway. Arthur: James Elliott. Posner:Matthew Backer. Rudge: Gary Brun. Timms: Matt Hardie and is directed by Jesse Peach.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://emmacollison.com/history-boys/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130215222146/http://emmacollison.com/history-boys/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 February 2013 |title=The History Boys |publisher=Emma Collison Publicity |date=2008–14 |access-date=6 August 2014 }}</ref>

==Film adaptation==
{{main article|The History Boys (film)}}
In October 2006, a film adaptation of the play was released in the United States, and later in November 2006 in the UK. The film, also titled ''[[The History Boys (film)|The History Boys]]'', was directed by Nicholas Hytner and featured the original stage cast.

==Awards and nominations==

===Original London production===
{| class="wikitable" width="95%"
|-
! width="5%"| Year
! width="25%"| Award ceremony
! width="40%"| Category
! width="20%"| Nominee
! width="10%"| Result
|-
| rowspan="4" align="center"| 2005
| rowspan="4"| [[Laurence Olivier Award]]
| colspan="2"| [[Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Play|Best New Play]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor|Best Actor in a Play]]
| [[Richard Griffiths]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Laurence Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role|Best Performance in a Supporting Role]]
| [[Samuel Barnett (actor)|Samuel Barnett]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Laurence Olivier Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
| [[Nicholas Hytner]]
| {{won}}
|}

===Original Broadway production===
{| class="wikitable" width="95%"
|-
! width="5%"| Year
! width="25%"| Award ceremony
! width="40%"| Category
! width="20%"| Nominee
! width="10%"| Result
|-
| rowspan="22" align="center"| 2006
| rowspan="7"| [[Tony Award]]
| [[Tony Award for Best Play|Best Play]]
| [[Alan Bennett]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play|Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Play]]
| [[Richard Griffiths]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play|Best Performance by a Featured Actor in a Play]]
| [[Samuel Barnett (actor)|Samuel Barnett]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play|Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Play]]
| [[Frances de la Tour]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Tony Award for Best Direction of a Play|Best Direction of a Play]]
| [[Nicholas Hytner]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Tony Award for Best Scenic Design of a Play|Best Scenic Design of a Play]]
| [[Bob Crowley]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Tony Award for Best Lighting Design of a Play|Best Lighting Design of a Play]]
| [[Mark Henderson (lighting designer)|Mark Henderson]]
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan="7"| [[Drama Desk Award]]
| [[Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Play|Outstanding Play]]
| [[Alan Bennett]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actor in a Play|Outstanding Actor in a Play]]
| [[Richard Griffiths]]
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan="3"| [[Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Featured Actor in a Play|Outstanding Featured Actor in a Play]]
| [[Samuel Barnett (actor)|Samuel Barnett]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Stephen Campbell Moore]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Dominic Cooper]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Featured Actress in a Play|Outstanding Featured Actress in a Play]]
| [[Frances de la Tour]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Director of a Play|Outstanding Director of a Play]]
| [[Nicholas Hynter]]
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan=4|[[Outer Critics Circle Award]]
| colspan=2|Outstanding New Broadway Play
| {{won}}
|-
| Outstanding Featured Actor in a Play
| [[Richard Griffiths]]
| {{won}}
|-
| Outstanding Featured Actress in a Play
| [[Frances de la Tour]]
| {{won}}
|-
| Outstanding Director of a Play
| [[Nicholas Hynter]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[New York Drama Critics' Circle|New York Drama Critics' Circle Award]]
| Best Play
| [[Alan Bennett]]
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan=2|[[Drama League Award]]
| colspan=2|Outstanding New Broadway Play
| {{won}}
|-
| colspan=2|Distinguished Production of a Play
| {{won}}
|-
| colspan=2|[[Theatre World Award]]
| [[Richard Griffiths]]
| {{won}}
|}

== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=32em}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book |title= ''The History Boys'' Study Guide | url= http://www.timelinetheatre.com/history_boys/HistoryBoys_StudyGuide2.pdf | first=Maren |last= Robinson|year= 2009| publisher=  TimeLine Theatre}} 
* {{cite news | first=Michael|last= Billington | title=Review: The History Boys | url=https://www.theguardian.com/arts/reviews/story/0,11712,1220108,00.html | work=The Guardian | date=19 May 2004  | access-date=29 June 2008}}
* {{cite news | first1=Alan | last1=Bennett | first2=Nicholas | last2=Hytner | title= The truth behind the History Boys | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/theatre/drama/3619379/The-truth-behind-the-History-Boys.html | work=The Telegraph | date= 21 June 2004 | access-date=4 September 2019}}
* {{cite book | last=Bennett | first=Alan | title=The History Boys | location=London | publisher=[[Faber and Faber]] | year=2004 | isbn=0-571-22464-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyboys00benn| url-access=registration}}
* {{cite book | last1=Bennett | first1=Alan | last2=Hytner |first2=Nicholas |title=The History Boys: The Film | location=London | publisher=[[Faber and Faber]] | year=2006 | isbn=0-571-23173-X}}

== External links ==
* {{IBDB show|400539}}
* {{ibdb title|400540}}
* {{IMDb title|qid=Q1236851}}
* [http://www.nationaltheatre.org.uk/?lid=7785 ''The History Boys''] at the [[Royal National Theatre]]
* [http://www.suttonelms.org.uk/articles16.html ''The History Boys''] – Richard Wortley's radio production; original National Theatre cast

{{Navboxes
| title = Awards for ''The History Boys''
| list = 
{{DramaDesk Play 2001–2025}}
{{OlivierAward Play 2001–2025}}
{{TonyAwardBestPlay 2001-2025}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:History Boys, The}}
[[Category:Plays by Alan Bennett]]
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[[Category:Tony Award–winning plays]]