View source for The First and Last Freedom

{{short description|1954 book by Jiddu Krishnamurti}}
{{use dmy dates|date=April 2019|cs1-dates=ly}}
{{infobox book
|name=The First and Last Freedom
|image=File:TheFirstAndLastFreedom.jpg
|caption=First US edition 1954
|alt=dust jacket of 1954 first US edition depicts book title in block lettering
|author=[[Jiddu Krishnamurti]]
|country=United Kingdom, United States
|language=English
|subject=[[Philosophy]]
|published={{plainlist|
* 1954 (''1st edition'') (UK: [[Victor Gollancz Ltd|Gollancz]], US: [[Harper (publisher)|Harper & Brothers]])
* 2010 (''1st digital edition'') ([[HarperCollins|HarperCollins e-Books]])
}}
|media_type={{plainlist|
* Digital ([[e-book]])
* Print ([[hardcover]], [[paperback]])
}}
|pages=288 (1st edition)
|isbn=978-0-06-204529-4
|isbn_note=(1st digital edition)<!--1st ed. ISBN n/a.--> 
|oclc=964457<nowiki> (1st US edition)</nowiki>
|congress=B133.K7 F5
}}

{{strong|''The First and Last Freedom''}} is a book by 20th-century [[India]]n philosopher [[Jiddu Krishnamurti]] {{lifespan|b=1895|d=1986}}. Originally published in 1954 with a comprehensive [[foreword]] by [[Aldous Huxley]], it was instrumental in broadening Krishnamurti's audience and exposing his ideas. It was one of the first Krishnamurti titles in the world of mainstream, commercial publishing, where its success helped establish him as a viable author. The book also established a format frequently used in later Krishnamurti publications, in which he presents his ideas on various interrelated issues, followed by discussions with one or more participants. As of 2022 several editions of the work had been published, in print and digital media.

==Background==

Following his dismantling of the  [[Order of the Star in the East|World Teacher Project]] in {{dash year|1929}}, [[Jiddu Krishnamurti]] embarked on a new international speaking career as an independent, unconventional philosopher.{{sfn|Vernon|2001|loc={{nobr|ch. "10:}} Farewell to Things Past" {{pp.|187|212}}}} During [[World War II]] he remained at his residence in [[Ojai, California]], in relative isolation.{{sfn|Vernon|2001|p=209}} English author [[Aldous Huxley]] lived nearby; he met Krishnamurti in 1938,{{sfn|Lutyens|2003|pp=45{{en dash}}46}} and the two men became close friends.{{sfnm|1a1=Lutyens|1y=2003|1pp=46, 47{{en dash}}48|2a1=Williams|2y=2004|2pp=260{{en dash}}261}} Huxley encouraged Krishnamurti to write,{{sfn|Lutyens|2003|p=59}} and also introduced his work to [[Harper (publisher)|Harper]], Huxley's own publisher. This eventually led to the addition of Krishnamurti in the publisher's roster of authors;{{nnbsp}}{{refn|name="harper"|{{harvnb|Rajagopal Sloss|2011|loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=vfK4flsWy6gC&pg=PA252 {{p.|252}}] {{limited access}}. {{retrieved|access-date=2016-03-25|via=[[Google Books]]}} Radha Rajagopal Sloss, daughter of D. Rajagopal, Krishnamurti's business manager at the time, states that Huxley introduced her father to the publisher. She adds that Krishnamurti had little interest in his manuscripts or other records of his work; this lack of interest by Krishnamurti is also remarked upon by his biographers {{harv|Lutyens|2003|pp=87{{en dash}}88}}.}}}} until that time Krishnamurti works were published by [[Small press|small or specialist presses]], or in-house by a variety of Krishnamurti-related {{nobr|organizations.{{sfn|Vernon|2001|pp=199, 224{{en dash}}225}}{{refn|name="sw1974&1998"|{{harvs|nb=yes|last=Weeraperuma|year1=1974|year2=1998|loc1={{pp.|3|53}}|loc2={{pp.|1|30}}}}. {{interp|In both titles the pages comprise "Part One: Works by Krishnamurti"}}.}}}}

==About the work==

{{quote|text=The thinker comes into being through thought;|author=Jiddu Krishnamurti|title={{italics correction|''The First and Last Freedom''}}|source="Questions and Answers: {{nobr|21. On Sex{{"-}}{{sfn|J. Krishnamurti|1954a|p=231}}}}}}

As is the case with most Krishnamurti texts, the book consists of edited excerpts from his public talks and discussions; it includes examinations of subjects that were, or became, recurrent themes in his exposition:{{nnbsp}}{{sfnm|1a1=Fausset|1y=1954|2a1=Weeraperuma|2y=1998|2pp=vii{{en dash}}viii}} the nature of the self{{spaced en dash}} and of belief, investigations into fear and desire, the relationship between thinker and thought, the concept of [[choiceless awareness]], the function of the mind, etc. Following an introductory chapter by Krishnamurti, each of twenty interrelated topics is covered in its own chapter. A second part ("Questions and Answers") consists of 38 named segments, taken from question-and-answer sessions between Krishnamurti and his audience; the segments broadly pertain to the topics covered in the book's first part. The work was edited (without attribution) by D. Rajagopal, Krishnamurti's then{{en dash}}close associate, editor, and business manager; the included extracts were taken from "Verbatim Reports" of Krishnamurti talks between 1947 and 1952.{{sfn|FoBP|c. 2013|loc={{nobr|¶¶ 2, 5, 7}} {{interp{{!}}not numbered}}. Extracts from "Verbatim Reports" of talks in Bombay ([[Mumbai]]), [[Ojai, California]], Madras ([[Chennai]]), New York City, Banaras ([[Varanasi]]), [[Bangalore]], London, [[Rajahmundry]], New Delhi, Poona ([[Pune]]) and Paris}}

Huxley provided a ten-page [[foreword]] as comprehensive introduction to Krishnamurti's philosophy, an essay that "no doubt contributed to {{interp|the book's}} credibility and sales potential{{"-}}{{sfnm|1a1=Vernon|1y=2001|1loc={{p.|207}}. In the Foreword, Huxley, who previously disagreed with Krishnamurti's views on the worth of the intellect, "appears now to endorse {{interp{{!}}them}}"|2ref={{sfnref|J. Krishnamurti|1954a}}|2a=Huxley|2y=1954}} and he may have also influenced the overall structure and style of the work. He had read a then{{en dash}}recent Krishnamurti book in 1941{{nnbsp}}{{refn|name="huxley-impressed"|{{harvnb|Williams|2004|pp=260{{en dash}}261}}. According to a detailed Krishnamurti [[bibliography]], almost all known texts of his from that period were full or partial transcripts of his talks and discussions, published in a variety of print media.{{r|sw1974&1998}}}} and was favorably impressed, especially with a section consisting of dialogues and question-and-answer sessions between Krishnamurti and his listeners{{spaced en dash}} a practice that normally followed his lectures.{{sfnm|1a1=Lutyens|1y=2003|1p=48|2a1=Williams|2y=2004|2pp=260{{en dash}}261}} Huxley thought they enlivened Krishnamurti's philosophical subjects, and suggested a similar format for the forthcoming book, which also became a common type of presentation in later Krishnamurti {{nobr|publications.{{refn|name="cw2004-p316a"|{{harvnb|Williams|2004|p=316}}. Krishnamurti and D. Rajagopal agreed with Huxley that "the immediacy of specific questions and answers about conduct in particular circumstances was a successful way to convey philosophical truths".}}}}

A commentator summarized that in this and other books "Krishnamurti emphasized the importance of release from entrapment in the 'network of thought' through a perceptual process of attention, observation or 'choiceless awareness' which would release the true perception of reality without mediation of any authority, or guru.{{"-}}{{sfn|Vas|2004|p=4}} Another stated that it was instrumental in making Krishnamurti and his ideas known to a wider audience, as the "first substantial statement of his philosophy to be issued by major publishing houses in Britain and the United States";{{nnbsp}}{{sfn|Holroyd|1991|p=28}} noting the work's popularity among the college-age young, others added that the book "anticipated the preoccupations of an up-and-coming youth culture, {{nobr|and ...}} perhaps helped to form {{nobr|it".{{sfn|Vernon|2001|p=234}}}}

As in practically every work of his{{sfn|Vernon|2001|pp=215, 231, 248}} Krishnamurti did not present this book as containing "a doctrine to be believed, but as an invitation to others to investigate and validate its truth for {{nobr|themselves{{"-}}{{sfn|Rodrigues|1996|loc={{nobr|pp. 46,}} 54n20}}}}
{{quote|text=Our problem is how to be free from all conditioning. Either you say it is impossible, that no human mind can ever be free from conditioning, or you begin to experiment, to inquire, to {{nobr|discover. ...}} Now I say it is definitely possible for the mind to be free from all conditioning{{spaced en dash}}not that you should accept my authority. If you accept it on authority, you will never {{nobr|discover, ...}} and that will have no {{nobr|significance. ...}} {{interp|I}}f you are to find the truth of it for yourself, you must experiment with it and follow it swiftly.|author=Jiddu Krishnamurti|title={{italics correction|''The First and Last Freedom''}}|source="Questions and Answers: {{nobr|20. On}} the Conscious and Unconscious {{nobr|Mind{{"-}}{{sfn|J. Krishnamurti|1954a|pp=224{{en dash}}225}}}}}}

==Publication history==
<!--Text in this section is linked from within this article via [[Template:vanchor]].-->

The book was originally published in {{nobr|May 1954}} by Harper in the US and by [[Victor Gollancz Ltd|Gollancz]] in the UK.{{sfnm|1a1=''New York Times''|1y=1954|2a1=Lutyens|2y=2003|2p=86}} In the US, it was the second Krishnamurti-authored book to be published by a mainstream commercial publisher{{spaced en dash}} unlike in other markets, where this would be the first such publication.{{refn|name="pub-order"|In the US, Harper had published ''Education and the Significance of Life'' by Krishnamurti in 1953 ({{oclc|177139}}); however, this title was published after ''The First and Last Freedom'' in the UK and elsewhere ({{harvnb|Lutyens|2003|p=86}}; {{harvnb|Williams|2004|p=308}}).}} [[Copyright]] was held by Krishnamurti Writings (KWINC), the organization then responsible for promoting Krishnamurti's work worldwide;{{nnbsp}}{{refn|name="kwinc"|{{harvnb|Williams|2004|p=266}}. Elsewhere, Williams states that according to Krishnamurti associate Ingram Smith, D. Rajagopal, as the head of KWINC, had offered to buy back from Gollancz any unsold inventory of the book's first edition.{{r|huxley-impressed|pub-order}}}} publishing rights were transferred to new Krishnamurti-related organizations in the mid-1970s (the [[Krishnamurti foundations]]), and in {{nobr|early 21st century,}} to Krishnamurti Publications (K Publications), an entity with overall responsibility for publishing his works {{nobr|worldwide.{{sfnm|1a1=Williams|1y=2004|1pp=366{{en dash}}367|2a1=KFA|2y=n.d.|ps=none}}}}

The book was "an immediate success" and was in its 6th [[impression (publishing)|impression]] by the end of 1954;{{nnbsp}}{{sfnm|1a1=Lutyens|1y=2003|1p=87|2a1=''The Christian Century''|2y=1954|2loc=the book was advertised in a wide selection of media}} a 2015 reprint of {{citeref|J. Krishnamurti|1975|a 1975 paperback edition|style=plain}} was the edition's {{nobr|51st [[Edition (book)#Print run|print run]].{{sfn|J. Krishnamurti|1975|loc=[[edition notice]], [[printer's key]] {{interp{{!}}2015 reprint}}}}}} Opening to good reviews, it proved to be a "compelling entry" into publishing, helping to establish Krishnamurti as a viable author in the commercial publishing arena.{{sfn|Williams|2004|p=316}} Unlike the editions of the {{nobr|1950s and 60s,}} later editions of the work (such as one {{harvnb|ref={{harvid|J. Krishnamurti|1975}}|listed below}}), may include a variety of Krishnamurti photographs on the front cover. A digital edition in several [[e-book]] formats was first published by HarperCollins e-Books in 2010 {{see below|{{section link||Select editions}}, below}}.

About a third of the work was included in ''The Penguin Krishnamurti Reader'', a 1970 compilation edited by Krishnamurti biographer [[Mary Lutyens]] that was also a commercial and critical success.{{refn|name="tpkr"|''The Penguin Krishnamurti Reader'' (1970, {{nobr|vol. 1,}} 1st ed., {{isbn|978-01-4003071-6}}, {{oclc|120824}}); {{harvnb|Lutyens|2003|p=162}}; {{harvnb|Williams|2004|p=386}}.}} In addition, [[Penguin Books]] through its [[Ebury Publishing]] division published a new edition of ''The First and Last Freedom'' in 2013, with an edition-specific [[Preface]]. This was marketed as a [[mass market paperback]] by the division's [[Rider (imprint)|Rider]] imprint {{see below|§ Select editions}}, and as an e-book by its digital media {{nobr|imprint.{{sfn|''Penguin UK''|ref=none|loc=[https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/1094454/the-first-and-last-freedom/9781448175475/ "The First and Last Freedom"]. {{retrieved|access-date=2021-11-03|append=}}}}}}

As of 2022, according to one source there had been 95 editions in several formats by a variety of publishers, published in eight languages.{{refn|name="eds"|{{harvnb|''WorldCat''|2022}}; one [[license]]e was the publishing arm of the [[Theosophical Society in America]], whose parent organization had sponsored the [[Order of the Star in the East|World Teacher Project]]{{spaced en dash}} see {{google books|NYigAAAAMAAJ|The First and Last Freedom}} (1968 Theosophical Publishing ed., {{oclc|218764}}); despite Krishnamurti's disassociation from [[Theosophy]] more than eight decades earlier, Theosophical organizations were scheduling events based on the book as of 2015 {{harv|Adelaide Theosophical Society|2016}}.}} Several years prior the work had also been made available as a freely readable [[electronic document]] through {{vanchor|JKO|text=J. Krishnamurti Online (JKO)}}, the official Jiddu Krishnamurti online {{nobr|repository.{{refn|name="jk1954a"|Snapshots of the [[#JKO|JKO]] document's pages were archived from a "legacy" version of {{official website|1=http://jkrishnamurti.org|2=the official repository}} in {{nobr|July 2011}} {{see below|{{citeref|J. Krishnamurti|1954a|related citation|style=plain}} below}}.{{As of|2022|4|alt={{sp}}However as of {{nobr|December 2022,}} the work was not available at the contemporary version of the repository.}}}}}}

===Select editions<!--This section is linked from within this article ([[MOS:HEAD]]).-->===

<!--Listed by date/year, then publisher (as displayed).-->
* {{cite book|ref={{sfnref|J. Krishnamurti|1954b}}|author-last=Jiddu|author-first=Krishnamurti|date=May 1954|author-link=Jiddu Krishnamurti|title=The first and last freedom|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.505958|type=[[hardcover]]|others=Foreword by [[Aldous Huxley|Huxley, Aldous]]|publisher=[[Victor Gollancz Ltd|Gollancz]]|location=London|edition=1st UK|no-pp=y|pages=288 pp|oclc=59002436|via=[[Internet Archive]]}}

* {{cite book|ref={{sfnref|J. Krishnamurti|1975}}|author-last=Jiddu|author-first=Krishnamurti|author-mask=2|title=The first and last freedom|date=26 March 1975|type=[[Paperback#Trade paperback|trade paperback]]|others=Foreword by Huxley, Aldous|edition=reprint|location=New York|publisher=[[HarperCollins|HarperOne]]|no-pp=y|pages=288 pp|isbn=978-0-06-064831-2|url=https://archive.org/details/firstlastfreedom00kris_0|url-access=limited|via=Internet Archive}} Reprints of this edition may have different covers and author photographs.

* {{cite book|ref={{sfnref|J. Krishnamurti|2010}}|author-last=Jiddu|author-first=Krishnamurti|author-mask=2|url=https://www.overdrive.com/media/454842/the-first-and-last-freedom|url-access=limited|title=The first and last freedom|date=5 October 2010|type=[[e-book]]|others=Foreword by Huxley, Aldous|edition=1st digital|publisher=[[HarperCollins|HarperCollins e-Books]]|no-pp=y|pages=459 [[Kilobyte|kB]] ([[EPUB]])|via=[[OverDrive, Inc.|OverDrive]]|isbn=978-0-06-204529-4}}

* {{cite book|ref={{sfnref|J. Krishnamurti|2013}}|author-last=Jiddu|author-first=Krishnamurti|author-mask=2|title=The first and last freedom|date=1 August 2013|type=[[mass market paperback]]|others=Preface by Skitt, David; Foreword by Huxley, Aldous|edition=new|location=London|publisher=[[Rider (imprint)|Rider]]|no-pp=y|pages=352 pp|isbn=978-18-46043-75-8}}

==Reception==

A Krishnamurti biographer wrote that Huxley's foreword "set the mood to take the work very seriously", and another stated that by the end of {{nobr|May 1954}} the book was responsible for attracting larger audiences to Krishnamurti's talks.{{sfnm|1a1=Williams|1y=2004|1p=316|2a1=Lutyens|2y=2003|2loc={{p.|87}}. Referring in this instance to contemporary talks by Krishnamurti in New York City}} [[Jean Burden]], in a sympathetic 1959 article in the ''[[Prairie Schooner]]'', partly attributed the increased interest in Krishnamurti to the book, while stating that as it was compiled from his "famous talks", it "suffered, as most compilations do, from repetitiveness and lack of structure.{{"-}}{{sfn|Burden|1959|p=271}} Yet [[Anne Morrow Lindbergh]] reputedly found {{"'}}the sheer simplicity of what he {{interp|Krishnamurti}} has to {{nobr|say ...}} {{nobr|breathtaking'.{{"-}}{{sfn|Lutyens|2003|loc={{p.|87}}. Lindbergh quote regarding the book's 1st US edition}}}}

''[[Kirkus Reviews]]'' described it as a "clear and intriguing presentation of a point of view which will appeal to many who are finding the more traditional approaches to truth to be blind alleys.{{"-}}{{sfn|''Bulletin''|1954|loc=positive brief review of the 1st US edition}} A review at [[The Atlanta Journal-Constitution|''The Atlanta Journal and the Atlanta Constitution'']] contended that Krishnamurti's thinking "has the practical ring. It is so clear, so straightforward that the reader feels a challenge in every page".{{sfn|Le Bey|1954|loc=positive review of the 1st US edition}} In contrast, ''[[The Times of India]]'' characterized the work's basic message as unoriginal and added that Krishnamurti's utterances have "a fluid ambiguity and an almost insidious plausibility", before concluding that the work is "all {{em|[[Theory|theoria]]}} without {{em|[[praxis (process)|praxis]]}}, and in the present context appears to be mere {{nobr|escapism.{{"-}}{{sfn|''The Times of India''|1954|loc=negative review of the 1st UK edition. Huxley's endorsement of Krishnamurti's ideas is also criticized in this review}}}}

''[[The Times Literary Supplement]]'' stated that for those who regard conflict "as an unchangeable condition of human life and truth, Krishnamurti's teaching will seem to offer a delusive short-cut to a vaguely beatific freedom. But there is nothing vague about it. It is precise and penetrating." The reviewer thinks that Krishnamurti presents "a reinterpretation of the wisdom of his {{nobr|race ...}} though he has rediscovered it for himself.{{"-}}{{sfn|Fausset|1954|loc=positive review of the 1st UK edition}} However [[J. M. Cohen]] reviewing the book for ''[[The Observer]]'' (London) wrote, "Krishnamurti is an entirely independent master" adding, "{{interp|f}}or those who wish to listen, this book will have a value beyond {{nobr|words.{{"-}}{{sfn|Cohen|1954|loc=positive review of the 1st UK edition}}}}

The book's publication brought Krishnamurti and his ideas to the attention of practicing and theoretical [[Psychotherapy|psychotherapists]], setting the stage for later dialogue between Krishnamurti and professionals in this field.{{sfnm|1a1=Kelman|1y=1956|1loc={{p.|68}}. Paper read at a 1955 meeting of the Association for the Advancement of Psychoanalysis. Partly based on the book (1st US edition), it quotes extensively from it|2a1=Lutyens|2y=2003|2pp=208, 217}} It was also responsible for Krishnamurti's long and fruitful relationship with theoretical physicist [[David Bohm]], whose unorthodox approach to problems of physics and of consciousness often correlated with Krishnamurti's philosophical {{nobr|views.{{sfnm|1a1=Lutyens|1y=2003|1loc={{p.|188}}. After reading the book, Bohm attended Krishnamurti talks at [[Wimbledon, London]] in 1961, and met him in person|2a1=Hiley|2y=1997|2p=124}}}}

The work was mentioned in education-related [[thesis|dissertation]]s as early as {{nobr|August 1954;}}{{nnbsp}}{{sfn|Ely|1954|p=228. {{nobr|§ "Recommended}} Background Reading" {{interp{{!}}in Bibliography}}}} it continued to be cited by [[educational research]]ers in the following decades.{{sfnm|1a1=Heshusius|1y=1994|1loc={{nobr|pp. 15,}} 18, 21n4. "The writings of {{sic|Judi|expected=Jiddu}} Krishnamurti (e.g. 1954, 1976) are particularly {{nobr|lucid ..."}}|2a1=Khattar|2y=2010|2p=61}} It has also interested researchers in [[psycholinguistics]], drawing favorable remarks about Krishnamurti's views regarding the {{nobr|"separation ...}} between the thinker and the thought";{{nnbsp}}{{sfn|Middelman|1988|p=274. "The understanding of this situation is more clearly expressed by Krishnamurti."|ps=none}} and has featured in discussion of the relationship between [[general semantics]] and other {{nobr|viewpoints.{{sfn|Gorman|1978|pp=164, 165{{en dash}}166}}}}

Among other fields, the book has been cited by [[occupational therapy]] [[Scholarly paper|papers]],{{sfn|Kang|2003|p=98}} articles on [[medical ethics]],{{sfn|Pijnenburg|Leget|2007|p=586}} and in original research of contemporary [[spirituality]].{{sfn|Schreiber|2012|loc={{nobr|§§ "The}} deconstruction of historicised ego", "The affirmative phenomenology of meta-consciousness, ''false-self'' and ''true-self''{{-"}}}} But also in essays "on the social implications of the 'death of utopia{{'"}},{{sfn|Bharucha|2000}} and in addresses to professional geography conferences.{{sfn|Kennedy|2001|p=14}} It has been quoted in influential works on media{{sfn|Youngblood|2020|loc={{nobr|pp. 52,}} 61, 62. Quotes Krishnamurti on the futility of political revolutions, the limitations of memory, and the adverse effects of imitation}} and has been commended as an aid to successful [[investment strategies]].{{sfn|Plummer|2010|loc={{p.|392n10}}. "One of the clearest analyses of the beneficial effects of self-observation"}} Meanwhile, more than half a century after original publication, articles in general-interest media{{spaced en dash}}for example, articles on [[meditation]] and [[mindfulness]], favorably featured or mentioned the {{nobr|book.{{sfnm|1a1=Maheshwari|1y=2005|2a1=Berry|2y=2015}}}}

The work has inspired artistic endeavors: it has been suggested that it influenced Huxley's writing of the 1962 novel {{italics correction|''[[Island (Huxley novel)|Island]]''}}{{nnbsp}}{{sfn|Meckier|2011|pp=327{{en dash}}329}} while a 2014 painting exhibition in London was described as "derived from two alternative perspectives: the introduction by Aldous Huxley in the book of his long-term colleague and friend, Jiddu Krishnamurti and Krishnamurti's second major opus, The First and Last Freedom".{{sfnm|1a1=MOT|1y=2014|2a1=''Art Monthly''|2y=2014}} The book has also prompted comparisons between Krishnamurti's philosophy and [[Emily Dickinson]]'s poetry,{{sfn|Mahajan|2007}} and has informed the way [[art therapy]] professionals approach their {{nobr|work.{{sfn|Lavery|1994|loc=§ "Conclusion"}}}}

As of {{circa|2021}}, according to one of several official Krishnamurti-related foundations, ''The First and Last Freedom'' had "sold more copies than any other Krishnamurti {{nobr|book.{{"-}}{{refn|name="KFT"|See {{nobr|§ "Product}} Description" in archived snapshot from the ''Krishnamurti Foundation Trust Online Shop'' website: {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210617024810/https://store.kfoundation.org/books/books-by-j-krishnamurti/books/first-and-last-freedom-the-2014-revised-edition|title="First and Last Freedom, The &#91;2014 Revised Edition&#93;{{-"}}}}.}}}}

==See also==
* [[Jiddu Krishnamurti bibliography]]

==Notes==

{{reflist}}

==References==
<!--Alphabetically by contributor/author/editor, or else section/chapter/title; then by date/year (for the article's expected/recommended date formats see template at the top of the page source text); editor- or parser-inserted text formatting/presentation elements (e.g. quotation marks around titles) ignored.-->

{{refbegin|30em}}

<!--For all headings, ordered-per-above citation values starting with:-->
<!--"B" to "E".--> 
* {{cite magazine|author-last=Berry|author-first=William|date=2 February 2015|url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-second-noble-truth/201502/you-might-be-better-not-reading|title=You Might Be Better Off Not Reading This|department=Blog|magazine=[[Psychology Today]]|edition=online|location=New York|publisher=Sussex Publishers|issn=0033-3107|access-date=2016-04-14|archive-url=https://archive.today/20160210154632/https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-second-noble-truth/201502/you-might-be-better-not-reading|archive-date=2016-02-10|url-status=live}}

* {{cite journal|author-last=Bharucha|author-first=Rustom|date=25 March 2000|url=http://www.epw.in/journal/2000/13/special-articles/enigmas-time.html|title=Enigmas of Time|department=Special Articles|journal=[[Economic and Political Weekly]]|volume=35|issue=13|pages=1094{{en dash}}1100|location=[[Mumbai]]|publisher=Sameeksha Trust|issn=0012-9976|url-access=subscription}}

* {{cite journal|author-last=Burden|author-first=Jean|author-link=Jean Burden|date=Fall 1959|title=Krishnamurti and the pathless land|department=Reviews|journal=[[Prairie Schooner]]|volume=33|issue=3|pages=271{{en dash}}281|location=[[Lincoln, Nebraska]]|publisher=[[University of Nebraska Press]]|issn=0032-6682|jstor=40625541}}

* {{cite news|author-last=Cohen|author-first=J. M. (John Michael)|author-link=J. M. Cohen|date=16 May 1954|title=The Simple Question|department=Book Reviews|newspaper=[[The Observer]]|page=11|location=London|publisher=[[Waldorf Astor]]|issn=0029-7712|id={{ProQuest|475235566}}}}

* {{cite thesis|author-last=Ely|author-first=Jewel Mary|date=August 1954|title=The needs, interests, and problems of elementary age children|degree=[[Master of Science]] in Education|location=Los Angeles, California|publisher=[[University of Southern California]]|id=Dissertation no. EP47862|doi=10.25549/usctheses-c24-129196|doi-access=free}}

* {{cite magazine|ref={{sfnref|Art Monthly|2014}}|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no byline.-->|date=September 2014|url=http://www.exacteditions.com/browsePages.do?issue=40006&size=2&pageLabel=43|title=Exhibitions|department=Listings|magazine=[[Art Monthly]]|issue=379|page=43|location=London|publisher=Britannia Art Publications|via=[[Exact Editions]]|url-access=subscription|issn=0142-6702|access-date=2016-04-09}}

<!--"F" to "H".-->
* {{cite magazine|author-last=Fausset|author-first=Hugh l'Anson|date=14 May 1954|title=Bond and Free|department=Book Reviews|magazine=[[The Times Literary Supplement]]|location=London|publisher=TLS Education|page=317|issn=0040-7895|id={{gale|EX1200099611}}}}

* {{cite magazine|author-last=Gorman|author-first=Michael E.|date=June 1978|title=A. J. Korzybski, J. Krishnamurti, and Carlos Castaneda: A Modest Comparison|magazine=ETC: A Review of General Semantics|volume=35|issue=2|pages=162{{en dash}}174|location=New York|publisher=[[Institute of General Semantics]]|issn=0014-164X|jstor=42576038}}

* {{cite journal|author-last=Heshusius|author-first=Lous|date=April 1994|title=Freeing Ourselves from Objectivity: Managing Subjectivity or Turning toward a Participatory Mode of Consciousness?|journal=[[Educational Researcher]]|volume=23|issue=3|pages=15{{en dash}}22|location=Washington, D.C.|publisher=[[American Educational Research Association]]|doi=10.3102/0013189X023003015|s2cid=146615160|eissn=1935-102X}}

* {{cite journal|author-last=Hiley|author-first=Basil J.|author-link=Basil Hiley|date=November 1997|title=David Joseph Bohm. 20 December 1917{{en dash}}27 October 1992|journal=[[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]]|volume=43|pages=106{{en dash}}131|location=London|publisher=[[Royal Society]]|jstor=770328|eissn=1748-8494|doi=10.1098/rsbm.1997.0007}}

* {{cite book|author-last=Holroyd|author-first=Stuart|year=1991|author-link=Stuart Holroyd|title=Krishnamurti: the man, the mystery & the message|type=[[paperback]]|edition=1st|publisher=[[HarperCollins|Element Books]]|location=[[Shaftesbury]], Dorset & [[Rockport, Massachusetts]]|isbn=978-1-852302-0-09|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/krishnamurtimanm0000holr|via=[[Internet Archive]]}}

* {{cite book|ref={{sfnref|J. Krishnamurti|1954a}}|contributor-last=Huxley|contributor-first=Aldous|date=19 May 1954|contributor-link=Aldous Huxley|contribution=Foreword|title=The first and last freedom|author-last=Jiddu|author-first=Krishnamurti|author-link=Jiddu Krishnamurti|contribution-url=http://legacy.jkrishnamurti.org/krishnamurti-teachings/view-text.php?tid=30&chid=385|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718084118/http://www.jkrishnamurti.org/krishnamurti-teachings/view-text.php?tid=30&chid=385|url-status=unfit|type=[[hardcover]]|edition=1st US|publisher=[[Harper (publisher)|Harper & Brothers]]|location=New York|pages=9{{en dash}}18|archive-date=2011-07-18|id=[[#JKO|JKO]] legacy document no. 306|oclc=964457|lccn=54-6040|access-date=2023-01-25|via=[[Wayback Machine]]}}

<!--"K".-->
* {{cite web|ref={{sfnref|KFA|n.d.}}|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no byline.-->|date=n.d.|url=https://kfa.org/publishing/|title=K Publications|website=Krishnamurti Foundation America|location=[[Ojai, California]]|access-date=2021-09-25}}

* {{cite journal|author-last=Kang|author-first=Chris|date=June 2003|title=A psychospiritual integration frame of reference for occupational therapy. Part 1: Conceptual foundations|journal=[[Australian Occupational Therapy Journal]]|volume=50|issue=2|pages=92{{en dash}}103|location=[[Oxford]]|publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell|Blackwell Publishing]]|doi=10.1046/j.1440-1630.2003.00358.x|eissn=1440-1630}}

* {{cite journal|author-last=Kelman|author-first=Harold|date=January 1956|title=Life history as therapy: Part II; On being aware|journal=[[The American Journal of Psychoanalysis]]|volume=16|issue=1|pages=68{{en dash}}78|location=New York|publisher=Association for the Advancement of Psychoanalysis|issn=0002-9548|doi=10.1007/bf01873714|s2cid=143054923}}

* {{cite journal|author-last=Kennedy|author-first=Tina|year=2001|title='I Too of the Wild Hills': Experience, Meaning, and Place|journal=[[Yearbook of the Association of Pacific Coast Geographers]]|volume=63|pages=9{{en dash}}24|location=[[Honolulu]]|publisher=[[University of Hawaii Press]]|doi=10.1353/pcg.2001.0019|s2cid=144324440|issn=0066-9628|quote-page=9|quote=Presidential Address delivered to the Association of Pacific Coast Geographers, 63rd Annual Meeting, Areata, California, September 16, 2000}}.

* {{cite journal|author-last=Khattar|author-first=Randa|year=2010|title=Brought-Forth Possibilities for Attentiveness in the Mathematics Classroom|journal=Complicity|volume=7|issue=1|pages=57{{en dash}}62|location=[[Alberta]]|publisher=[[University of Alberta]]|issn=1710-5668|doi=10.29173/cmplct8839|doi-access=free}}

* {{cite magazine|ref={{sfnref|The Christian Century|1954}}|author=<!--See department.-->|date=23 June 1954|title=Krishnamurti|magazine=[[The Christian Century]]|department={{interp|Advertisements}}|volume=71|issue=25|page=771|location=Chicago, Illinois|publisher=Christian Century Foundation|issn=0009-5281}}

* {{cite web|ref={{sfnref|WorldCat|2022}}|author=<!--Bot(s) or staff writer(s); no byline.-->|year=2022|department=WorldCat Identities|url=https://www.worldcat.org/wcidentities/lccn-n79-72898|title=Krishnamurti, J. (Jiddu) 1895{{en dash}}1986|at=§ "Most widely held works by J. Krishnamurti"|website=[[WorldCat]]|location=[[Dublin, Ohio]]|publisher=[[OCLC]]|access-date=2022-03-30|archive-url=https://archive.today/20220330151126/https://www.worldcat.org/wcidentities/lccn-n79-72898|archive-date=2022-03-30|via=[[archive.today]]}}

* {{cite web|ref={{sfnref|FoBP|c. 2013}}|author=<!--Not specified.-->|date=c. 2013|url=http://friendsofbrockwoodpark.org.uk/first.html|title=Krishnamurti's The First and Last Freedom: A History and Context|website=Friends of Brockwood Park|location=[[Bramdean]]|publisher=Krishnamurti Foundation Trust|access-date=2022-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160403161411/http://friendsofbrockwoodpark.org.uk/first.html|archive-date=2016-04-03|via=[[Wayback Machine]]}}

<!--"L" to "M".-->
* {{cite magazine|author-last=Lavery|author-first=Terry P.|date=August 1994|title=Culture shock: adventuring into the inner city through post-session imagery|magazine=American Journal of Art Therapy|location=[[Alexandria, Virginia]]|publisher=[[American Art Therapy Association]]|pages=14{{en dash}}20|issn=0007-4764|id={{EBSCOhost|9409130630}}}}

* {{cite news|author-last=Le Bey|author-first=Dave|date=30 May 1954|title=Indian challenge to dark thinking|newspaper=[[The Atlanta Journal-Constitution|The Atlanta Journal and the Atlanta Constitution]]|page=5F|publisher=[[Cox Enterprises]]|issn=1539-7459|id={{ProQuest|1635736527}}}}

* {{cite news|ref={{sfnref|New York Times|1954}}|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no byline.-->|date=19 May 1954|title=List Of The Books Published Today|department=Books|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|page=29|issn=0362-4331|id={{ProQuest|112919786}}}}

* {{cite book|author-last=Lutyens|author-first=Mary|year=2003|author-link=Mary Lutyens|orig-year=originally published 1983. London: [[John Murray (publishing house)|John Murray]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WKmJndX5B8wC|url-access=limited|title=Krishnamurti: the years of fulfillment|type=[[paperback]]|edition=1st KFT|location=[[Bramdean]]|publisher=Krishnamurti Foundation Trust|via=[[Google Books]]|isbn=978-09-0050620-8|access-date=2019-04-25}}

* {{cite journal|author-last=Mahajan|author-first=P. M.|date=July 2007|title=Search For Self in Emily Dickinson's Poetry through J. Krishnamurti's Philosophy|journal=PoetCrit|volume=20|issue=2|pages=16{{en dash}}20|location=[[Maranda, India]]|publisher=Kanta Sahitya Prakashan|issn=0970-2830}}

* {{cite news|author-last=Maheshwari|author-first=Suresh C.|date=6 December 2005|title=Meditation as a Complete Emptying of Mind|department=The Speaking Tree|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|publisher=[[The Times Group|Bennett, Coleman & Co]]|location=[[Mumbai]]|page=30|oclc=23379369|id={{ProQuest|1516377721}}}}

* {{cite book|author-last=Meckier|author-first=Jerome|year=2011|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d27Xt-gW-ZsC|url-access=limited|title=Aldous Huxley, from Poet to Mystic|type=[[e-book]]|series=Human potentialities|volume=11|location=Berlin|publisher=[[LIT Verlag]]|via=[[Google Books]]|isbn=978-3-643-90101-9|access-date=2019-04-25}}

* {{cite journal|author-last=Middelman|author-first=Francina|date=July 1988|title=The Word and Us: Implications of Linguistic Design for Subjective Experience and for the Experience of Subjectivity|journal=Journal of Psycholinguistic Research|volume=17|issue=4|pages=261{{en dash}}279|location=New York|publisher=Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers|doi=10.1007/BF01067197|s2cid=145020824|eissn=1573-6555}}

<!--"P" to "S".-->
* {{cite journal|author1-last=Pijnenburg|author1-first=Martien A. M.|author2-last=Leget|author2-first=Carlo|date=October 2007|title=Who Wants to Live Forever? Three Arguments against Extending the Human Lifespan|journal=[[Journal of Medical Ethics]]|volume=33|issue=10|pages=585{{en dash}}587|location=London|publisher=[[BMJ (company)|BMJ Group]]|doi=10.1136/jme.2006.017822|pmid=17906056|eissn=1473-4257|name-list-style=amp|pmc=2652797}}

* {{cite book|author-last=Plummer|author-first=Tony|year=2010|orig-year=originally published 1989|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2ykC2vWg0gwC|url-access=limited|title=Forecasting financial markets: the psychology of successful investing|type=[[e-book]]|edition=6th|location=London & Philadelphia|publisher=[[Kogan Page]]|via=[[Google Books]]|isbn=978-07-494-5872-0|access-date=2019-04-25}}

* {{cite book|author-last=Rajagopal Sloss|author-first=Radha|year=2011|orig-year=originally published 1991. London: [[Bloomsbury Publishing]]|title=Lives in the shadow with J. Krishnamurti|title-link=Lives in the Shadow with J. Krishnamurti|type=[[e-book]]|location=[[Lincoln, Nebraska]]|publisher=[[iUniverse]]|isbn=978-14-6203131-3}}

* {{cite journal|author-last=Rodrigues|author-first=Hillary|date=January 1996|title=J. Krishnamurti's 'religious mind'|journal=Religious Studies and Theology|volume=15|issue=1|pages=40{{en dash}}55|location=[[Sheffield, UK]]|publisher=[[Equinox Publishing (London)|Equinox Publishing]]|issn=0829-2922}}

* {{cite journal|author-last=Schreiber|author-first=Dudley A.|date=17 February 2012|title=On the epistemology of postmodern spirituality|journal=Verbum et Ecclesia|volume=33|issue=1|location=[[Cape Town]]|publisher=AOSIS Publishing|doi=10.4102/ve.v33i1.398|doi-access=free|eissn=2074-7705}}

<!--"T" to "U".-->
* {{cite magazine|ref={{sfnref|Bulletin|1954}}|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no byline.-->|date=1 June 1954|url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/j-krishnamurti/the-first-and-last-freedom/|title=The First and Last Freedom|department=Religious Books|magazine=[[Kirkus Reviews|Bulletin]]|publisher=Kirkus' Bookshop Service|volume=22|issue=11|page=352|location=New York|issn=1948-7428|access-date=2022-04-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322153128/https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/j-krishnamurti/the-first-and-last-freedom/|url-status=live|archive-date=2016-03-22}}

* {{cite press release|ref={{sfnref|MOT|2014}}|author=<!--Not specified.-->|year=2014|url=http://www.motinternational.com/exhibitions/the-first-and-last-freedom/|title=The First and Last Freedom|location=London|publisher=[[MOT (gallery)|MOT International]]|access-date=2022-03-22|via=[[Wayback Machine]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116002725/http://www.motinternational.com/exhibitions/the-first-and-last-freedom/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-01-16}}

* {{cite news|ref={{sfnref|The Times of India|1954}}|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no byline-->|date=22 August 1954|title=The First and Last Freedom by Krishnamurthi|department=Book Reviews|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|publisher=[[The Times Group|Bennett, Coleman & Co]]|location=[[Mumbai]]|page=6|oclc=23379369|quote={{interp|Variant spelling:}} Krishnamurthi|id={{ProQuest|739974217}}}}.

* {{cite web|ref={{sfnref|Adelaide Theosophical Society|2016}}|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no byline-->|date=2016|url=http://theosophical.org.au/event/the-first-and-last-freedom-8/|title=Upcoming Events The First and Last Freedom|department=Events|website=Adelaide Theosophical Society|access-date=2022-03-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322152529/http://theosophical.org.au/event/the-first-and-last-freedom-8/|archive-date=2016-03-22|via=[[Wayback Machine]]|quote-page=§ Details|no-pp=y|quote=Date: October 2, 2015}}.

<!--"V" to "Y".-->
* {{cite book|author-last=Vas|author-first=Luis S. R.|year=2004|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-fzHE8pRlUC|url-access=limited|title=J. Krishnamurti: great liberator or failed messiah?|type=[[paperback]]|edition=1st Indian|location=[[Delhi]]|publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]]|via=[[Google Books]]|isbn=978-81-208-2051-7|access-date=2019-04-25}}

* {{cite book|author-last=Vernon|author-first=Roland|year=2001|author-link=Roland Vernon|title=Star in the east: Krishnamurti: the invention of a messiah|type=[[hardcover]]|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan|Palgrave]]|location=New York|isbn=978-0-312-23825-4|url=https://archive.org/details/starineastkrishn00vern|via=[[Internet Archive]]|url-access=registration}}

* {{cite book|author-last=Weeraperuma|author-first=Susunaga|year=1974|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GeIUAAAAIAAJ|url-access=limited|title=A bibliography of the life and teachings of Jiddu Krishnamurti|type=[[hardcover]]|edition=1st|location=[[Leiden]]|publisher=[[Brill Publishers|E. J. Brill]]|isbn=978-90-04-04007-6|via=[[Google Books]]|access-date=2019-04-25}}

* {{cite book|author-last=Weeraperuma|author-first=Susunaga|author-mask=2|year=1998|orig-year=originally published 1982 as ''Supplement to a bibliography of the life and teachings of Jiddu Krishnamurti''. [[Mumbai|Bombay]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=58o6zKOkOfQC|url-access=limited|title=Jiddu Krishnamurti: a bibliographical guide|type=[[hardcover]]|edition=reprint of 2nd rev.|location=[[Delhi]]|publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]]|via=[[Google Books]]|isbn=978-81-208-1426-4|access-date=2019-04-25}}

* {{cite book|author-last=Williams|author-first=Christine V.|year=2004|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NzDar6XfICEC|url-access=limited|title=Jiddu Krishnamurti: world philosopher (1895{{en dash}}1986): his life and thoughts|type=[[hardcover]]|edition=1st|location=Delhi|publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]]|via=[[Google Books]]|isbn=978-81-208-2032-6|access-date=2019-04-25}}

* {{cite book|author-last=Youngblood|author-first=Gene|year=2020|orig-year=originally published 1970 as ''Expanded cinema''. [[E. P. Dutton]]|author-link=Gene Youngblood|title=Expanded cinema: Fiftieth anniversary edition|title-link=Expanded Cinema|type=[[paperback]]|edition=1st|series=Meaning Systems|others=Introduction by [[Buckminster Fuller|Fuller, R. Buckminster]]|publisher=[[Fordham University Press]]|location=New York|doi=10.2307/j.ctvnwbz7q |isbn=978-0823287413|jstor=j.ctvnwbz7q}}

{{refend}}

{{Jiddu Krishnamurti}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:First and Last Freedom, The}}
[[Category:1954 non-fiction books]]
[[Category:Books by Jiddu Krishnamurti]]
[[Category:Harper & Brothers books]]
[[Category:Philosophy books]]
[[Category:Victor Gollancz Ltd books]]