View source for The Causeway

{{Short description|Road bridge  in Perth, Western Australia}}
{{Use Australian English|date=May 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{about|the river crossing in Perth|causeways in general|Causeway}}
{{Infobox Australian road
| type         = road
| road_name    = The Causeway
| state        = wa
| image        = 
| caption      = 
| length       = 1.1
| est          = 1843
| route        = {{AUshield|S|5}} [[List of road routes in Perth, Western Australia#5|State Route 5]]
| direction_a  = Northwest
| end_a        = {{Plainlist|
* {{AUshield|S|5}} [[Riverside Drive, Perth|Riverside Drive]] <small>(State Route&nbsp;5)</small>
* [[Adelaide Terrace]]
* [[Hay Street, Perth|Hay Street]]
}}
| direction_b  = Southeast
| end_b        = {{Plainlist|
* {{AUshield|S|30}} [[Shepperton Road]] <small>(State Route&nbsp;30)</small>
* {{AUshield|N|94|R|1}} [[Great Eastern Highway]] <small>(National Highway&nbsp;94 / National Route&nbsp;1)</small>
* {{AUshield|R|1|S|6}} [[Canning Highway]] <small>(National Route&nbsp;1 / State Route&nbsp;6)</small>
* [[Albany Highway]]
}}
| through = {{WAcity|East Perth|Victoria Park}}
{{Infobox designation list
| embed                   = yes
| designation1            = State Register of Heritage Places
| designation1_offname    = 
| designation1_type       = State Registered Place
| designation1_criteria   = 
| designation1_date       = 30 October 1998
| delisted1_date          = 
| designation1_partof     = 
| designation1_number     = {{SRHP|3631}}
}}
}}

'''The Causeway''' is an arterial traffic crossing in [[Perth]], Western Australia, linking the inner-city suburbs of [[East Perth, Western Australia|East Perth]] and [[Victoria Park, Western Australia|Victoria Park]]. It is carried over the [[Swan River (Western Australia)|Swan River]] at the eastern end of [[Perth Water]] by two bridges on either side of [[Heirisson Island]]. The current Causeway is the third structure to have been built across the river at this point.

Originally the site of [[mudflats]] which restricted river navigation, the Colony Government constructed a causeway and bridge across the site. The project was first planned in 1834 and opened in 1843. When floods in 1862 almost destroyed it, the structure was rebuilt using [[convict labour]], and raised to better withstand future floods. [[Governor of Western Australia|Governor]] [[John Hampton]] officially opened the new Causeway on 12 November 1867. Over the following decades, the three bridges making up this second Causeway were widened several times, and they were eventually replaced in 1952.

The current Causeway bridges were designed by {{thinspace|E|W|C}} Godfrey, and built between 1947 and 1952. They were the first in Western Australia to use steel composite construction. Large roundabouts were also constructed at each end of the structure, to improve the flow of traffic. The opening of the [[Graham Farmer Freeway]] in 2000 reduced the traffic volume on the Causeway, allowing the two central lanes to be turned into bus lanes. By the early 2000s, the concrete structures had suffered significant damage. Cracks were repaired using [[Carbon fibers|carbon fibre]] reinforcement and localised patching, extending the bridge's life by decades. The Causeway bridges have been recognised for their heritage value by their entry on the [[Western Australian Register of Heritage Places]].

== History ==
Following the settlement of the [[Swan River Colony]] in 1829, the Swan River was the main transportation link between [[Perth (suburb)|Perth]] and the port of [[Fremantle]].<ref name="Edmonds12">[[#Edmonds|Edmonds]], p. 12</ref> Land transportation was difficult as the only river crossing near Perth, a [[ford (crossing)|ford]] at the eastern end of the town, was often impassable for wagons and carts. The next crossing point was {{convert|20|mi|order=flip}} upstream at [[Guildford, Western Australia|Guildford]], a major detour.<ref name="Edmonds14">[[#Edmonds|Edmonds]], p. 14</ref>
The only alternative to these river crossings were ferries, which operated from [[North Fremantle, Western Australia|North Fremantle]],<ref name="Ferry charges">{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article640876 |title=Proclamation |newspaper=[[The Perth Gazette and Western Australian Journal]] |location=WA |date=27 June 1835 |access-date=8 November 2012 |page=517 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref> [[Preston Point]],<ref name="Preston Ferry">{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article641955 |title=Ferry Charges |newspaper=[[The Perth Gazette and Western Australian Journal]] |location=WA |date=3 August 1833 |access-date=8 November 2012 |page=121 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref><ref name="Swan River Trust">{{cite web|title=Fremantle Railway Bridge to Point Walter Reserve and Childley Point|url=http://www.swanrivertrust.wa.gov.au/docs/fact-sheets/landscape-description-precinct-2.pdf|publisher=Swan River Trust|access-date=8 November 2012|page=6|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512115459/http://www.swanrivertrust.wa.gov.au/docs/fact-sheets/landscape-description-precinct-2.pdf|archive-date=12 May 2013}}</ref> and [[Narrows Bridge (Perth)|the Narrows]].<ref name="Edmonds14" />

===First Causeway===
Soon after the colony was founded, settlers lobbied for the construction of a road across the mudflats in the Swan River at the eastern end of the town. A preliminary survey of the site was conducted in 1834 by the Commissioner for Roads and Bridges, [[George Fletcher Moore]],<ref name="Priestner">{{Cite thesis |url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/11832317 |title=Bridges over the Swan River |last=Priestner |first=P. |year=1957 |publisher=[[Claremont Teachers' College]] |oclc=220238430 }}</ref> together with [[Surveyor General of Western Australia|Surveyor General]] [[John Septimus Roe]].<ref>[[#Cygnet|Cygnet]], p. 5</ref> A public meeting on 17 February 1837 passed a resolution urging the colony's government to construct the road at the site, and Roe showed the public plans for the proposed causeway.<ref name="Cygnet6">[[#Cygnet|Cygnet]], p. 6</ref> A year later, in January 1838, the ''[[Perth Gazette]]'' noted that preliminary work had been carried out towards building the Causeway,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article639687 |title=The Western Australian Journal |newspaper=[[The Perth Gazette and Western Australian Journal]] |location=WA |date=13 January 1838 |access-date=1 February 2013 |page=6 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref> which is thought to have been the upgrading of [[Adelaide Terrace]] from the "bush track" it was previously.<ref name="Cygnet6"/>

[[File:Causeway 1862.jpg|thumb|right|Stereoscopic photograph of the original Perth Bridge taken {{circa|1862}}]]
A committee was set up in October 1838 to investigate the viability of a causeway at the site.<ref name="Cygnet6"/><ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article639354/1287?searchTerm=#pstart1287 |title=The Western Australian Journal |newspaper=[[The Perth Gazette and Western Australian Journal]] |location=WA |date=27 October 1838 |access-date=1 February 2013 |page=171 |publisher=National Library of Australia |quote=A Committee has been appointed by the Directors of the Road Trust to examine and report upon the state of the flats above Perth, and the practicability, as well as expense, of constructing a bridge or causeway }}{{Dead link|date=June 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}</ref> On 16 February 1839 plans which had been prepared by Roe were submitted by the committee's chairman to [[Henry Trigg (public servant)|Henry Trigg]], the Superintendent of Public Works. Trigg called for other plans and prepared estimates.<ref name="Cygnet6"/> At a meeting of the committee on 27 February 1839, Trigg submitted a plan designed by Major [[Frederick Irwin]], which was estimated to cost [[Australian pound#Earlier Australian currencies|£]]2,300.<ref name="Priestner"/><ref name="Cygnet6"/> The committee cut the estimated figure to £1,800, and waited for [[John Hutt|Governor Hutt]] to specify how much could be funded by the government.<ref name="Cygnet7">[[#Cygnet|Cygnet]], p. 7</ref>

This original Causeway consisted of a central bridge (for river navigation), with a raised rampart on either side. The first [[deep foundation|pile]] of the central bridge was [[pile driver|driven]] home on 2 November 1840. The bridge was completed in 1841, costing £449.10s, although the approaches to the bridge took longer to complete.<ref name="Cygnet7"/> The Causeway was sufficiently completed in January 1842 to be used by horsemen, and the Causeway was finally finished in May 1843 at a total cost of £1,814.10s.<ref name="Priestner"/><ref name="Cygnet7"/> It was officially opened on 24 May 1843 by {{thinspace|J.|W.}} Hardey, the chairman of the Road Trust, in the presence of only one other person, one of his friends.<ref name="Cygnet7"/>

The Causeway was originally a [[toll road]], and costs for crossing ranged from one [[Penny (British pre-decimal coin)|penny]] (1d) for a person on foot to 6d for a [[horse-drawn vehicle|horse-drawn cart]].<ref name="Priestner"/><ref name="Cygnet7"/><ref name="IJ tolls 1849">{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3170423 |title=The Government Gazette |newspaper=[[The Perth Gazette and Independent Journal of Politics and News]]|location=WA |date=27 January 1849 |access-date=5 February 2013 |page=4 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref> The tolls were subject to an additional levy of 50 per cent during the night hours.<ref name="Cygnet7"/><ref name="IJ tolls 1849" /> The tolls were later removed, and it appears to have been Perth's only toll road.<ref name="Priestner"/>

=== Second Causeway ===
[[File:Perth Causeway, 1906.jpg|thumb|right|The second Causeway with a tram, viewed from the Perth side.]]
In June 1862 major flooding was experienced in many towns in the region, resulting in losses over £30,000.<ref name="Cygnet8">[[#Cygnet|Cygnet]], p. 8</ref> In Perth, [[Mounts Bay Road]] was completely submerged, and the original Causeway was almost destroyed after being under {{convert|7|or|8|ft|m|order=flip}} of water. However, [[Governor of Western Australia|Governor]] [[John Hampton]] ordered that the Causeway should be reconstructed and raised several feet.<ref name="Priestner"/><ref name="Cygnet8"/> The new Causeway was designed by [[Richard Roach Jewell]] and built by [[Convict era of Western Australia|convicts]].<ref name="Heritage">{{cite web |url=http://inherit.stateheritage.wa.gov.au/Public/Content/PdfLoader.aspx?id=0acb7c71-e2c6-4ae0-86b2-b2ae04ff46df&type=assessment |title=Assessment Documentation: Causeway Bridges (1952) |date=30 October 1998 |access-date=6 March 2013 |work=Register of Heritage Places |publisher=Heritage Council of Western Australia |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809204748/http://inherit.stateheritage.wa.gov.au/Public/Content/PdfLoader.aspx?id=0acb7c71-e2c6-4ae0-86b2-b2ae04ff46df&type=assessment |archive-date=9 August 2014 }}</ref>{{rp|5}}

The opening of the newly refurbished Causeway was a more pompous affair than that of the first Causeway.<ref name="Priestner"/> The second Causeway was to be opened by the [[Duke of Edinburgh]], [[Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|Prince Alfred]]; however the [[Royal Navy]] ship {{HMS|Galatea|1859|6}} failed to call in to Western Australia on its way to [[Sydney]]. As a result, the Governor proceeded with the opening in the Duke's absence. On 12 November 1867 the Governor drove "through an avenue of flags and bunting" from [[Government House, Perth|Government House]] to the Causeway. There were military corps, a band and a great crowd present for the opening.<ref name="Cygnet9">[[#Cygnet|Cygnet]], p. 9</ref> After speeches by dignitaries, the Governor declared the new Causeway open with the following words:<ref name="Cygnet10">[[#Cygnet|Cygnet]], p. 10</ref>

{{blockquote|I, John Stephen Hampton, Governor in and over the Colony of Western Australia, do hereby declare this Perth Bridge and Causeway open for traffic.}}

The proceedings were then disrupted when a man "raced across the newly-opened bridge before the Governor's procession"<ref name="Priestner"/> on horseback after announcing the following to the astonished crowd:<ref name="Cygnet10"/>

{{blockquote|And I, [[John Stephen Maley]], do hereby declare that I will be the first to cross this Perth Bridge and Causeway!}}

The parade, including the Governor's carriage, then proceeded over the new Causeway after Maley. The Governor's procession continued on steam boats upstream to [[Guildford, Western Australia|Guildford]] where the Governor opened the new Guildford and Helena Bridges.<ref name="Cygnet11">[[#Cygnet|Cygnet]], p. 11</ref>

This second Causeway was made up of three bridges with a combined length of {{convert|1600|ft|m|0|order=flip}}.<ref name="god48" />{{rp|185}} Budget constraints encountered during construction meant that the bridges were structurally quite weak. A maximum of {{convert|4480|lb|t|0|order=flip}}, or six head of cattle, was initially allowed across at a time.<ref name="Priestner"/>

[[File:Heirisson Island, 1935.jpg|thumb|right|The Causeway and [[Heirisson Island]], pictured in 1935|alt=View of an island in a river from a plane]]

This Causeway was modified several times during its life. In 1899 it was widened by the addition of a footpath, while by 1904 it had been strengthened and widened by an average of {{convert|9|ft|6|in|m|1|order=flip}}.<ref name="Heritage"/>{{rp|5–6}} In June 1905 the Causeway was placed under the control of the Minister for Works.<ref name="Priestner"/> From 1932 to 1933 the Causeway bridges were widened a further {{convert|10|ft|m|0|order=flip}} on their downstream side, which increased the total width to {{convert|37|ft|m|order=flip}}.<ref name="Heritage"/>{{rp|6}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article75620658 |title=Three Cheers! |newspaper=[[The Mirror (Western Australia)|The Mirror]]  |location=Perth |date=13 August 1932 |access-date=17 March 2013 |page=9 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32835339 |title=Swan River Bridges |newspaper=[[The West Australian]] |location=Perth |date=11 January 1935 |access-date=17 March 2013 |page=20 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref>

=== Third Causeway ===
[[File:Causeway sth gnangarra.ogg|thumb|crossing The Causeway, from [[Riverside Drive, Perth|Riverside Drive]] to [[Canning Highway]]]]
Plans to build a new bridge at ''the Narrows'' downstream from the Causeway in the aftermath of World War II were put on hold while a new Causeway could be constructed.<ref name="Light107">{{cite Q |Q133458669 |last=Gregory |first=Jenny |author-link=Jenny Gregory |url-access=registration |isbn=0-9594632-5-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/cityoflighthisto0000greg/page/n126 107] }}</ref> Vehicle traffic using the Causeway had almost doubled between 1930 and 1939.<ref name="god48" />{{rp|185}}

[[File:Perthcurrentcausewayconlk2.jpg|thumb|right|The third Causeway Bridge under construction]]
The current Causeway was built between 1947 and 1952,<ref name="RoadsMatter">{{cite news |author=Staff writer |title=Concrete repairs to the Causeway bridges, Perth |work=Roads Matter |publisher=Main Roads Western Australia |location=[[East Perth, Western Australia|East Perth]] |page=14 |issue=14|year=2005 }}</ref> and designed by {{thinspace|E.|W.|C.}} Godfrey.<ref name="Heritage"/>{{rp|1}} It is made up of two bridges, meeting at [[Heirisson Island]]. Considerable work was carried out to dredge the river to provide much wider navigation channels. The Heirisson Islands were turned into a single island and a substantial portion of land beside [[Trinity College, Perth|Trinity College]] was [[land reclamation|reclaimed]].<ref name="god48" />{{rp|185}}

The bridges were the "first truly modern bridges" built in Perth after [[World War II]], being the first bridges in Western Australia to use steel [[composite construction]], and only the second (and third) in Australia.<ref name="RoadsMatter"/> The bridges have a combined length of {{convert|1119|ft|m|order=flip}}, with both featuring a {{convert|62|ft|m|order=flip|adj=mid|-wide}} roadway allowing for six traffic lanes, and an {{convert|8|ft|m|order=flip|adj=mid|-wide}} [[footway]] on the western side. In order to achieve a sufficiently high clearance above the river channels at high tide, the bridges have [[grade (slope)|graded]] approaches that increase the roadway elevation.<ref name="god48" />{{rp|185}}

The south-eastern bridge is the longer of the two, at {{convert|737|ft|m|order=flip}} long. It is made up of 11 [[span (architecture)|spans]], each consisting of nine welded [[plate girder bridge|plate girders]], with a {{convert|33|ft|m|order=flip|adj=on}} relieving span at each end. The north-western bridge is shorter, at only {{convert|382|ft|m|order=flip}} in length, and has five spans, with a {{convert|35|ft|m|order=flip|adj=on}} relieving span at each end. The bridge decks are of reinforced concrete supported by the plate girders, which are in turn freely supported by the concrete piers.<ref name="god48" />{{rp|185}}

[[File:Causeway east side railing.jpg|thumb|right|Concrete railing along eastern side of roadway]]

Supply problems in the aftermath of World War II meant that the concrete piers were founded on [[jarrah]] timber piles, rather than concrete.<ref name="god48" />{{rp|185}} Additionally, a steel plate shortage forced the bridge's designers to avoid the use of steel to design the forms in the bridge's superstructure.<ref name="god48" />{{rp|189}} Also, the cement that was used on the bridges had to be procured from seven different sources, which led to variable durability of different parts of the bridges.<ref name="RoadsMatter"/>

The previous Causeway had carried [[trams in Perth|electric trams]], and it was expected that the new Causeway would also do so,<ref name="Heritage"/>{{rp|7}} or perhaps [[trolleybus]]es instead.<ref name="PETS">{{cite web |url=http://www.pets.org.au/pets10pt.html |title=Perth Trolleybuses |access-date=16 March 2013 |publisher=Perth Electric Tramway Society }}</ref> However, the proposed overhead wires were deemed too ugly for the new bridge, and between £30,000 and £40,000 could be saved by using [[bus]]es instead.<ref name="Heritage"/>{{rp|8}} The tram routes using the Causeway were replaced with bus services<ref name="PETS"/> but, despite that, the bridges were designed to be able to carry trams.<ref name="Heritage"/>{{rp|8}}

The south-eastern bridge was the first to be completed, and was opened on 19 September 1952, with traffic continuing to use the other two bridges of the previous Causeway. Work then continued on the north-western bridge with further reclamation of land.<ref name="Heritage"/>{{rp|9}}

[[Roundabout]]s were constructed at each end of the Causeway, to improve the flow of traffic on the bridges and the distribution of traffic back into the road network.<ref name="Edmonds127">[[#Edmonds|Edmonds]], p. 127</ref> The eastern roundabout opened in 1952, while the western one did not open until December 1954.<ref name="Edmonds129-30">[[#Edmonds|Edmonds]], pp. 129–30</ref> Guides on the usage of the roundabouts were published in newspapers.<ref name="Edmonds129-30" /> In 1973, construction began on a [[grade-separated]] [[partial cloverleaf interchange]] at the eastern end of the Causeway. The {{AUD|1.3{{nbsp}}million|link=yes}} interchange opened on 8 March 1974.<ref name="Edmonds258">[[#Edmonds|Edmonds]], p. 258</ref>

By 1954, traffic entering the city by the Causeway had doubled, leading to renewed calls for a new bridge further west at ''the Narrows''. That bridge was eventually built as the [[Narrows Bridge (Perth)|Narrows Bridge]],<ref name="Light107"/> which opened in 1959. The Narrows and the Causeway continued to be the only road crossings of the Swan River between [[Fremantle]] and [[Maylands, Western Australia|Maylands]] until the [[Graham Farmer Freeway#Windan Bridge|Windan Bridge]] of the [[Graham Farmer Freeway]] opened in 2000. The opening of the latter eastern bypass coincided with the conversion of the Causeway's two centre lanes to [[bus lane]]s.<ref>{{cite news |first=Bruce |last=Butler |title=$10m facelift for cramped Causeway |work=[[Sunday Times (Western Australia)|The Sunday Times]] |page=29 |date=26 December 1999}}</ref> It also reduced traffic levels on the Causeway from 107,000 cars per day to 70,000 within six months.<ref>{{cite news |first=Trevor |last=Robb |title=New Freeway Takes The Pressure Off City Roads |work=[[The West Australian]] |page=26 |date=16 October 2000}}</ref> The western roundabout, the state's worst [[Accident blackspot|black spot]] since 1989,<ref name="Edmonds389">[[#Edmonds|Edmonds]], p. 389</ref><ref name=MMS /> was also remodelled in 2000 into a [[traffic light]]-controlled [[Roundabout#Raindrop roundabouts|raindrop roundabout]], in conjunction with the other works on the Causeway.<ref name=MMS>{{cite web|title=Causeway bus lanes project a major boost for commuters|url=http://www.mediastatements.wa.gov.au/Pages/StatementDetails.aspx?StatId=588&listName=StatementsCourt|work=Ministerial Media Statements|publisher=Government of Western Australia|access-date=1 February 2013|date=14 May 2000|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212181424/http://www.mediastatements.wa.gov.au/Pages/StatementDetails.aspx?StatId=588&listName=StatementsCourt|archive-date=12 December 2013}}</ref>

The variable-quality of the cement which had been used in the construction of the Causeway bridges meant that, by the early 2000s, they had suffered significant damage. A repair contract was awarded to Kulin Group in 2004. Localised patching of cracks in the piers was undertaken. At the ends of the piers, the cracking was more substantial and had to be tied back with [[carbon fibre]] reinforcement. Repairs were then treated with a moisture-resistant coating, and were expected to lengthen the life of the bridges by decades.<ref name="RoadsMatter"/>

The Causeway bridges received an interim entry on the [[Heritage Council of Western Australia|Western Australian Register of Heritage Places]] on 30 June 1998, which was made permanent on 30 October 1998. They were also classified by the [[National Trust of Australia|National Trust]] on 8 June 1998.<ref name="Heritage Entry">{{cite web |url=http://inherit.stateheritage.wa.gov.au/Public/Content/PdfLoader.aspx?id=0acb7c71-e2c6-4ae0-86b2-b2ae04ff46df |title=Permanent Entry: Causeway Bridges (1952) |date=30 October 1998 |access-date=6 March 2013 |work=Register of Heritage Places |publisher=Heritage Council of Western Australia }}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

In March 2023, construction on the [[Boorloo Bridge]] {{convert|90|m}} downstream began, to allow pedestrians and cyclists to bypass the narrow footpath along the Causeway.<ref>{{cite web |title=Causeway Pedestrian and Cyclist Bridges |url=https://www.mainroads.wa.gov.au/projects-initiatives/all-projects/metropolitan/causeway-path/ |website=Main Roads Western Australia |access-date=14 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Joint media statement - Construction starts on new gateway to city |url=https://www.wa.gov.au/government/media-statements/McGowan-Labor-Government/Joint-media-statement---Construction-starts-on-new-gateway-to-city-20230301 |website=Media Statements |access-date=14 July 2024 |date=1 March 2023}}</ref>

{{Wide image|The Causeway (east).jpg|1000px|Southeastern section of the Causeway viewed from [[Burswood Park]]|100%|alt=Photograph}}

== Route description ==
{{gallery
|align=centre
|width=300
|height=186
|mode=nolines

|File:Causeway - Victoria Park.JPG
|alt1=Photograph of view down the Causeway towards East Perth
|The Causeway heading towards East Perth

|File:Heirisson Island Aug2020.jpg
|alt2=Drone shot of Heirisson Island in the Swan River connected by the Causeway to the East Perth and Victoria Park foreshores
|[[Heirisson Island]] viewed from a drone with the Causeway crossing it
}}

The Causeway begins in [[East Perth, Western Australia|East Perth]], at the intersection of [[Riverside Drive, Perth|Riverside Drive]], [[Adelaide Terrace]], and [[Hay Street, Perth|Hay Street]]. This intersection is a [[traffic light]] controlled [[Raindrop interchange|raindrop roundabout]]. The road reaches the Swan River's northern foreshore after {{convert|350|m}},<ref>{{Google maps| url = https://maps.google.com.au/maps?saddr=State+Route+5&daddr=Causeway%2FState+Route+5&hl=en&ll=-31.96299,115.88079&spn=0.003545,0.006539&sll=-31.963785,115.881642&sspn=0.000886,0.001635&geocode=FQNMGP4dXCvoBg%3BFSNFGP4d-DXoBg&t=h&mra=dme&mrsp=1&sz=20&z=18 | access-date = 28 February 2013 |title=The Causeway – Hay Street to Swan River northern foreshore}}</ref> and crosses to Heirisson Island via the {{convert|114.6|m|ft|adj=mid|-long|0}}<ref name="Heritage"/>{{rp|9}} north-western bridge. The road continues straight across the island for another {{convert|300|m}}.<ref>{{Google maps| url = https://maps.google.com.au/maps?saddr=Causeway%2FState+Route+5&daddr=Causeway%2FState+Route+5&hl=en&ll=-31.964874,115.884041&spn=0.003545,0.006539&sll=-31.964336,115.882313&sspn=0.000886,0.001635&geocode=FfRCGP4dojnoBg%3BFfo8GP4dokPoBg&t=h&mra=dme&mrsp=0&sz=20&z=18 | access-date = 28 February 2013 |title=The Causeway – Heirisson Island|link=no}}</ref> The road passes over the second, {{convert|224.72|m|ft|adj=mid|-long|0}}<ref name="Heritage"/>{{rp|9}}  bridge, which links [[Heirisson Island]] to [[Victoria Park, Western Australia|Victoria Park]]. The Causeway ends at a [[grade-separated]] [[partial cloverleaf interchange]], located {{convert|200|m}}<ref>{{Google maps| url = https://maps.google.com.au/maps?saddr=Shepperton+Rd%2FState+Route+30&daddr=State+Route+5&hl=en&ll=-31.967527,115.887481&spn=0.000886,0.001635&sll=-31.967278,115.886858&sspn=0.000443,0.000817&geocode=FeU1GP4d_E7oBg%3BFRs4GP4d8EroBg&t=h&mra=dme&mrsp=1&sz=21&z=20 | access-date = 28 February 2013 |title=The Causeway – Shepperton Road to Swan River southern foreshore |link=no}}</ref> south-east of the second bridge. The interchange links the Causeway with four other roads: [[Canning Highway]] to the south-west, [[Great Eastern Highway]] to the north-east, and both [[Shepperton Road]] and [[Albany Highway]] to the south-east. There is no access to Albany Highway from the Causeway, as Albany Highway is a [[one-way street|one-way]] road leading into the interchange.<ref name=2011UBD>{{cite book|title=2011 UBD Perth and Surrounds Street Directory|year=2011|publisher=Universal Publishers Pty Ltd|location=Australia|isbn=978-0-7319-2653-4|page=Map 7}}</ref><ref name=GMaps>{{Google maps | url = https://maps.google.com.au/maps?saddr=State+Route+5&daddr=Shepperton+Rd%2FState+Route+30&hl=en&ll=-31.967741,115.88771&spn=0.003545,0.006539&sll=-31.96798,115.888242&sspn=0.001773,0.00327&geocode=FQNMGP4dXCvoBg%3BFYA2GP4dS0_oBg&mra=dme&mrsp=1&sz=19&t=m&z=18 | access-date = 28 February 2013 |link=no}}</ref>

== Intersections ==
{{AUSinttop |noLGA=no
|location_ref=<ref name=2011UBD /><ref name=GMaps />
}}
{{AUS-WAint
|LGA=[[City of Perth|Perth]]
|location=East Perth
|km=0
|road= {{AUshield|S|5}} [[Riverside Drive, Perth|Riverside Drive]] (State Route&nbsp;5) southwest - {{WAcity|perth}} City Centre, [[Fremantle]], 
 [[Elizabeth Quay]]  <br> [[Hay Street, Perth|Hay Street]] northeast – [[WACA Ground]]. 
|notes=Northwestern terminus at traffic light controlled teardrop roundabout; continues as [[Adelaide Terrace]]. <br> Traffic exiting Hay Street can only enter The Causeway southbound, Riverside Drive can only be accessed from The Causeway northbound.
|type=incomplete
}}
{{AUS-WAint
|type=incomplete
|LGAT=Victoria Park
|location_special={{WAcity|Burswood}}–[[Victoria Park, Western Australia|Victoria Park]] boundary
|km=1.1
|road={{AUshield|N|94|R|1|+|airport}} [[Great Eastern Highway]] northeast (National Highway&nbsp;94 / Nation Route&nbsp;1) {{WAcity|p=on|Rivervale|Midland}}, [[Perth Airport]] <br>
{{AUshield|R|1|S|6}} [[Canning Highway]] southwest (National Route&nbsp;1 / State Route&nbsp;6) {{WAcity|p=on|Como|Fremantle}} <br> [[Albany Highway]] southeast {{WAcity|p=on|Cannington|Armadale|Albany}}
|notes=Southeastern terminus at partially [[Grade separation|grade separated]] favouring Canning and Great Eastern Highways with no access into Albany Highway. <br>
Continues as {{AUshield|S|30}} [[Shepperton Road]] southeast (State Route&nbsp;30) <br>
Causeway to Canning Highway southbound is looped. Canning Highway northeast bound to Shepperton Road is at-grade. <br>
Pedestrian access to [[Causeway bus station]]}}
{{Jctbtm|keys=incomplete}}

== Engineering heritage award ==
The current bridges received an Engineering Heritage Marker from [[Engineers Australia]] as part of its [[Engineers Australia#Engineering Heritage Recognition Program|Engineering Heritage Recognition Program]].<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://portal.engineersaustralia.org.au/heritage/perth-causeway-bridges-1952
| title = Perth Causeway Bridges, 1952-
| publisher = Engineers Australia
| access-date = 7 May 2020
}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Narrows Bridge (Perth)]]
* [[Boorloo Bridge]]
* [[Perth Water]]

{{portal-inline|Australian roads}}

== Notes ==
{{reflist |refs=
<ref name="god48">{{cite journal |last=Godfrey |first=E. W. C. |date=December 1948 |title=The Causeway Bridges&ndash;Swan River, Perth, W.A. |journal=The Journal of the Institution of Engineers, Australia |volume=20 |issue=12 |publisher=The Institution |location=Sydney |issn=0020-3319 |ref=Godfrey }}</ref>
}}

== References ==
*{{Cite book |author=Cygnet |title=The story of the Perth causeway: how the River Swan was bridged 100 years ago |year=1935 |publisher=Swan River Press |location=Perth |ref=Cygnet }} ("Cygnet").
*{{Cite book | first=Leigh | last=Edmonds | title=The vital link: a history of Main Roads Western Australia 1926–1996 | publisher=University of Western Australia Press | location=Nedlands, Western Australia | year=1997 | isbn=1-875560-87-4 |ref=Edmonds}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://archive.today/20130410022919/http://inherit.stateheritage.wa.gov.au/Public/Inventory/Details/dd5850ea-a918-46bc-b2f9-2b5fb4058690 Western Australian Register of Heritage Places] entry for The Causeway
* [http://henrietta.slwa.wa.gov.au/search~S6?/dcauseway/dcauseway/1%2C13%2C72%2CB/exact&FF=dcauseway+perth+w+a+photographs&1%2C20%2C Archival photographs of the Causeway over the years] held by the [[State Library of Western Australia]]

{{Road infrastructure in Perth}}
{{WA road routes
|route=State Route 5
|shield={{AUshield|S|5|size=x18px}}
|roads={{WA road routes/R|5}}
}}
{{Attached KML|display=inline,title}}
{{Good article}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Causeway, The}}
[[Category:Causeways|Causeway, The]]
[[Category:Road bridges in Perth, Western Australia|Causeway, The]]
[[Category:State Register of Heritage Places in the City of Perth|Causeway, The]]
[[Category:East Perth, Western Australia|Causeway, The]]
[[Category:Victoria Park, Western Australia|Causeway, The]]
[[Category:Perth Water|Causeway, The]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips|Causeway, The]]
[[Category:Former toll bridges in Australia|Causeway, The]]
[[Category:Recipients of Engineers Australia engineering heritage markers|Causeway, The]]
[[Category:Bridges over the Swan River]]