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{{Short description|American semiconductor designer and manufacturer}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2012}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Texas Instruments Incorporated
| logo = Texas Instruments logo 2024.svg
| logo_upright = 1.3
| logo_alt = The Texas Instruments logo has two components: The written company name and a graphical logo at the top left. The company name Texas Instruments is written across two lines in small caps. The black lettering is centered along the vertical axis. Above the letters Ins of Instruments is a graphical component: The graphic features an approximate outline of the state of Texas using a conformal map projection aligned north. The area is filled with red color. At the top of this area, however, there is an indentation of the shape of the lower-case letter T. Within the blank area of this letter T another red-colored letter, the lower-case letter I, is embedded.
| image = TI signboard Dallas.png
| image_upright = 1.1
| image_caption = Sign at TI's Dallas headquarters
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{ubl|{{NASDAQ|TXN}}|[[Nasdaq-100]] component|[[S&P 100]] component|[[S&P 500]] component}}
| founders = {{ubl|[[Cecil H. Green]]|[[J. Erik Jonsson]]|[[Eugene McDermott]]|[[Patrick E. Haggerty]]}}
| predecessor = [[Geophysical Service]]
| foundation = {{start date and age|1930}} (as [[Geophysical Service Incorporated]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Investor FAQs |publisher=Texas Instruments |url=http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/investor/faqs.shtml#c1 |access-date=January 29, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070127045109/http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/investor/faqs.shtml#c1 |archive-date=January 27, 2007 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><br />{{start date and age|1951}} (as Texas Instruments)
| location_city = [[Dallas]], Texas, U.S.
| key_people = Haviv Ilan ([[chairman]], [[President (corporate title)|president]], [[Chief executive officer|CEO]])<ref>{{cite press release |title=Rich Templeton to reassume President and CEO roles in addition to his current role as Chairman; Brian Crutcher resigned as CEO |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/rich-templeton-to-reassume-president-and-ceo-roles-in-addition-to-his-current-role-as-chairman-brian-crutcher-resigned-as-ceo-300682515.html |website=PR Newswire |access-date=17 July 2018}}</ref><br />Ahmad Bahai ([[Chief technology officer|CTO]])<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bahai |first1=Ahmed |title=Innovation in Power Electronics |url=http://www.semiconwest.org/sites/semiconwest.org/files/data15/docs/2_Ahmad%20Bahai_TI.pdf |website=SEMICON West |publisher=Texas Instruments |year=2015 |access-date=23 October 2019 |archive-date=October 23, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023024517/http://www.semiconwest.org/sites/semiconwest.org/files/data15/docs/2_Ahmad%20Bahai_TI.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| industry = [[Semiconductors]]
| products = {{ubl|[[Analog electronics]]|[[Calculator]]s|[[Digital signal processor]]s|[[Digital Light Processing|Digital light processors]]|[[Integrated circuit]]s|[[Embedded processor]]s}}
| revenue = {{decrease}} {{US$|15.6 billion|link=yes}} (2024)
| operating_income = {{decrease}} {{US$|5.47 billion}} (2024)
| net_income = {{decrease}} {{US$|4.80 billion}} (2024)
| assets = {{increase}} {{US$|35.5 billion}} (2024)
| equity = {{increase}} {{US$|16.9 billion}} (2024)
| num_employees = 34,000 (2024)
| website = {{URL|https://www.ti.com/|ti.com}}
| footnotes = <ref name=10K>{{cite web |url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/97476/000009747625000007/txn-20241231.htm |title=US SEC: 2024 Form 10-K Texas Instruments, Inc. |date=February 14, 2025 |publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]]}}</ref>
}}

'''Texas Instruments Incorporated''' ('''TI''') is an American multinational [[semiconductor]] company headquartered in [[Dallas]], Texas.<ref>"[http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/address.shtml TI Mailing Address] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219003542/http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/address.shtml |date=February 19, 2009}}." Texas Instruments. Retrieved on June 12, 2009.</ref>  It is one of the top 10 semiconductor companies worldwide based on [[sales]] volume.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statista.com/statistics/283359/top-20-semiconductor-companies/ |title=Top semiconductor companies sales 2012–2015 {{!}} Statistic |website=Statista |access-date=2016-07-08 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160705154920/http://www.statista.com/statistics/283359/top-20-semiconductor-companies/ |archive-date=July 5, 2016 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> The company's focus is on developing [[analog chip]]s and [[embedded processor]]s, which account for more than 80% of its revenue.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web |url=http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/technology_innovation.html|title=About TI – Technology and innovation – TI.com |website=www.ti.com |access-date=2016-07-08 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160712074240/http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/technology_innovation.html |archive-date=July 12, 2016 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> TI also produces [[digital light processing]] (DLP) technology and education technology<ref name="ReferenceA" /> products including [[calculator]]s, [[microcontroller]]s, and [[multi-core processor]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/factsheet.shtml |title=TI Fact sheet {{!}} Who we are {{!}} Company {{!}} About TI |website=www.ti.com |access-date=2016-08-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160719151815/http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/factsheet.shtml |archive-date=July 19, 2016 |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

Texas Instruments emerged in 1951 after a reorganization of [[Geophysical Service Incorporated]], a company founded in 1930 that manufactured equipment for use in the seismic industry, as well as defense electronics.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/history/lowbandwidthtimeline.shtml |title=Texas Instruments – Low Bandwidth Timeline – Key TI Events |website=www.ti.com |access-date=2016-07-08 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160629104411/http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/history/lowbandwidthtimeline.shtml |archive-date=June 29, 2016 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> TI produced the world's first commercial [[silicon transistor]] in 1954,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pbs.org/transistor/science/events/silicont1.html |title=The First Silicon Transistor |author=ScienCentral |website=www.pbs.org |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171102124640/http://www.pbs.org/transistor/science/events/silicont1.html |archive-date=November 2, 2017 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> and the same year designed and manufactured the first [[transistor radio]]. [[Jack Kilby]] invented the [[integrated circuit]] in 1958 while working at TI's Central Research Labs. TI also invented the hand-held calculator in 1967, and introduced the first single-chip microcontroller  in 1970, which combined all the elements of computing onto one piece of silicon.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/history.html |title=About TI – History – TI.com |website=www.ti.com |access-date=2016-07-08 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160710173533/http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/history.html |archive-date=July 10, 2016 |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

In 1987, TI invented the digital light processing device (also known as the DLP chip), which serves as the foundation for the company's DLP technology and DLP Cinema.<ref name=":0" /> TI released the popular [[TI-81]] calculator in 1990, which made it a leader in the graphing calculator industry. Its defense business was sold to [[Raytheon Company]] in 1997; this allowed TI to strengthen its focus on digital solutions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/investor/compinfo/PRarchive/c97004.shtml |title=TI IR – CI – AD – Raytheon Purchases Defense Systems and Electronics Business |website=www.ti.com |access-date=2016-07-08 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815161346/http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/investor/compinfo/PRarchive/c97004.shtml |archive-date=August 15, 2016 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> After the acquisition of [[National Semiconductor]] in 2011, the company had a combined portfolio of 45,000 analog products and customer design tools.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://techcrunch.com/2011/09/23/texas-instruments-closes-6-5b-acquisition-of-national-semiconductor/ |title=Texas Instruments Closes $6.5B Acquisition Of National Semiconductor |date=September 23, 2011 |access-date=September 23, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110924044937/http://techcrunch.com/2011/09/23/texas-instruments-closes-6-5b-acquisition-of-national-semiconductor/ |archive-date=September 24, 2011 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> In the stock market, Texas Instruments is often regarded as an indicator for the semiconductor and electronics industry as a whole, since the company sells to more than 100,000 customers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/texas-instruments-forecast-stokes-optimism-for-a-chip-revival-1.1248234|title=Texas Instruments' Forecast Stokes Optimism for a Chip Revival – BNN Bloomberg|date=April 23, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/its-not-just-texas-instruments-morgan-stanley-warns-2019-10-23|title=It's not just Texas Instruments, Morgan Stanley warns|first=Emily|last=Bary|website=MarketWatch}}</ref><ref name="ED">{{cite news |last=Morra |first=James |url=https://www.electronicdesign.com/technologies/analog/article/21215158/electronic-design-ti-sees-strong-chip-demand-ahead-amid-production-rampup |title=TI Sees Strong Chip Demand Ahead Amid Production Ramp-Up |work=Electronic D |date=2022-01-27 |accessdate=2022-01-30 }}</ref> 

{{Coord|32.9110|-96.7523|type:landmark_region:US-TX|display=title}}

==History==
[[File:North Campus Gate1.jpg|thumb|Entrance to Texas Instruments North Campus facility in Dallas, Texas]]

Texas Instruments was founded by [[Cecil H. Green]], [[J. Erik Jonsson]], [[Eugene McDermott]], and [[Patrick E. Haggerty]] in 1951.  McDermott was one of the original founders of [[Geophysical Service Incorporated|Geophysical Service]] Inc. (GSI) in 1930. McDermott, Green, and Jonsson were GSI employees who purchased the company in 1941. In November 1945, Patrick Haggerty was hired as general manager of the Laboratory and Manufacturing (L&M) division, which focused on electronic equipment.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/history/lowbandwidthtimeline.shtml|title=About TI – History|website=www.ti.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160629104411/http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/history/lowbandwidthtimeline.shtml|archive-date=June 29, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref> By 1951, the L&M division, with its defense contracts, was growing faster than GSI's geophysical division. The company was reorganized and initially renamed General Instruments Inc. Because a firm named [[General Instrument]] already existed, the company was renamed Texas Instruments that same year. From 1956 to 1961, [[Fred Agnich]] of Dallas, later a [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] member of the [[Texas House of Representatives]], was the Texas Instruments president. Geophysical Service, Inc. became a subsidiary of Texas Instruments. Early in 1988, most of GSI was sold to the [[Halliburton]] Company.

{{blockquote|Texas Instruments exists to create, make, and market useful products and services to satisfy the needs of its customers throughout the world.<ref name="Innovation">{{cite journal |title=The Corporation and Innovation |last=Haggerty |first=Patrick |journal=Strategic Management Journal |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=97–118 |year=1981 |doi=10.1002/smj.4250020202 }}</ref>|Patrick Haggerty|Texas Instruments Statement of Purpose}}

===Geophysical Service Incorporated===
In 1930, [[J. Clarence Karcher]] and [[Eugene McDermott]] founded Geophysical Service, an early provider of [[reflection seismology|seismic exploration]] services to the petroleum industry. In 1939, the company reorganized as Coronado Corp,<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/history/lowbandwidthtimeline.shtml| title = Coronado Corp.}}</ref> an oil company with Geophysical Service Inc (GSI), now as a subsidiary. On December 6, 1941, McDermott along with three other GSI employees, J. Erik Jonsson, Cecil H. Green, and H. B. Peacock purchased GSI. During World War II, GSI expanded its services to include [[electronics]] for the [[United States Army|U.S. Army]], [[United States Army Signal Corps|Army Signal Corps]], and [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]]. In 1951, the company changed its name to Texas Instruments, spun off to build seismographs for oil explorations<ref name="TIcalcsMedium">{{cite web |url=https://gen.medium.com/big-calculator-how-texas-instruments-monopolized-math-class-67ee165045dc |title=Big Calculator: How Texas Instruments Monopolized Math Class |access-date=September 26, 2019 }}</ref> and with GSI becoming a wholly owned subsidiary of the new company.

An early success came for TI-GSI in 1965, when GSI was able (under a [[security clearance|Top Secret]] government contract) to monitor the [[Soviet Union]]'s underground [[nuclear weapon]]s [[nuclear testing|testing]] under the ocean in [[Vela Uniform]], a subset of [[Project Vela]], to verify compliance of the [[Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/history/timeline/gps/1960/docs/65-gsi-ti.htm |title=GSI/TI part of Vela Uniform project to detect underground nuclear explosions |publisher=Texas Instruments |access-date=September 23, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303214827/http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/history/timeline/gps/1960/docs/65-gsi-ti.htm |archive-date=March 3, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

Texas Instruments also continued to manufacture equipment for use in the seismic industry, and GSI continued to provide seismic services.  After selling (and repurchasing) GSI, TI finally sold the company to Halliburton in 1988, after which sale GSI ceased to exist as a separate entity.

===Semiconductors===
In early 1952, Texas Instruments purchased a patent license to produce germanium transistors from [[Western Electric]], the manufacturing arm of AT&T, for US$25,000, beginning production by the end of the year. Haggerty brought [[Gordon Teal]] to the company due to his expertise in growing semiconductor crystals while at [[Bell Telephone Laboratories]]. Teal's first assignment was to direct TI's research laboratory. At the end of 1952, Texas Instruments announced that it had expanded to 2,000 employees and $17&nbsp;million in sales.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Electronics and the geography of innovation in post-war America|last1=Leslie|first1=Stuart W.|last2=Kargon|first2=Robert H.|journal=[[History and Technology]]|date=1994|volume=11|issue=2|page=223|doi=10.1080/07341519408581864}}</ref>

Among his new hires was [[Willis Adcock]], who joined TI early in 1953. Adcock, who like Teal was a [[physical chemist]], began leading a small research group focused on the task of fabricating grown-junction, [[silicon]], single-crystal, small-signal transistors.<ref name="transistor">{{Cite magazine |first=Michael |last=Riordan |date=30 April 2004 |title=The Lost History of the Transistor |url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/the-lost-history-of-the-transistor |magazine=[[IEEE Spectrum]] |pages=48–49}}</ref> Adcock later became the first TI Principal Fellow.<ref name="Tribute">[http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/history/timeline/key/1990/images/65012-1.pdf "A Tribute to Erik Jonsson"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061109193529/http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/history/timeline/key/1990/images/65012-1.pdf |date=November 9, 2006 }} (PDF). p. 4. Retrieved on April 19, 2012.</ref>

====First silicon transistor and integrated circuits====
[[File:KL TI SN5451 Logic IC.jpg|thumb|100px|right|Transistorized "[[transistor-transistor logic|logic]]" chip, an integrated circuit produced by TI]]

In January 1954, [[Morris Tanenbaum]] at Bell Telephone Laboratories created the first workable silicon transistor.<ref name="transistor"/> This work was reported in the spring of 1954, at the IRE off-the-record conference on solid-state devices, and was later published in the ''Journal of Applied Physics''. Working independently in April 1954, Gordon Teal at TI created the first commercial silicon transistor and tested it on April 14, 1954. On May 10, 1954, at the Institute of Radio Engineers National Conference on Airborne Electronics in Dayton, Ohio, Teal presented a paper: "Some Recent Developments in Silicon and Germanium Materials and Devices".<ref>[http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/may04/3992 "Some Recent Developments in Silicon and Germanium Materials and Devices"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409173015/http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/may04/3992 |date=April 9, 2008 }}. ''[[IEEE Spectrum]]''. Retrieved on April 19, 2012.</ref>

In 1954, Texas Instruments designed and manufactured the first [[transistor radio]]. The [[Regency TR-1]] used germanium transistors, as silicon transistors were much more expensive at the time. This was an effort by Haggerty to increase market demand for transistors.

[[Jack Kilby]], an employee at TI, invented the [[integrated circuit]] in 1958.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jack-Kilby |title=Jack Kilby |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |edition=Online |access-date=August 7, 2022}}</ref> Kilby recorded his initial ideas concerning the integrated circuit in July 1958, and successfully demonstrated the world's first working integrated circuit on September 12, 1958.<ref>[http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/kilbyctr/jackbuilt.shtml "The Chip that Jack Built"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501073820/http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/kilbyctr/jackbuilt.shtml |date=May 1, 2015 }} (c. 2008; HTML), Texas Instruments, accessed May 29, 2008.</ref> Six months later, [[Robert Noyce]] of [[Fairchild Semiconductor]] (who went on to co-found [[Intel]]) independently developed the integrated circuit with integrated interconnect, and is also considered an inventor of the integrated circuit.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-08-14|title=Robert Noyce|url=https://ethw.org/Robert_Noyce|access-date=2022-09-23|website=ETHW|language=en|archive-date=December 20, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220111313/http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/Robert_Noyce|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1969, Kilby was awarded the National Medal of Science, and in 1982 he was inducted into the National Inventor's Hall of Fame.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/history/lowbandwidthtimeline.shtml|title=Texas Instruments – Low Bandwidth Timeline – Key TI Events|website=www.ti.com|access-date=2016-07-25|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803143130/http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/history/lowbandwidthtimeline.shtml|archive-date=August 3, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Kilby also won the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physics for his part of the invention of the integrated circuit.<ref>Nobel Web AB, (October 10, 2000),[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2000/press.html ''The Nobel Prize in Physics 2000''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101215065210/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2000/press.html |date=December 15, 2010 }},
Retrieved on May 29, 2008</ref> Noyce's chip, made at Fairchild, was made of silicon, while Kilby's chip was made of [[germanium]].  In 2008, TI named its new development laboratory "Kilby Labs" after Jack Kilby.<ref>Kilby Labs Announcement [http://focus.ti.com/pr/docs/preldetail.tsp?sectionId=594&prelId=c08055 focus.ti.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080917225342/http://focus.ti.com/pr/docs/preldetail.tsp?sectionId=594&prelId=c08055 |date=September 17, 2008 }}</ref>

====Standard TTL====
[[File:74series logic ic.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Texas Instruments and other brands of [[7400 series]] TTL and CMOS logic]]
[[File:TI SpeakSpell.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Texas Instruments Speak & Spell using a [[TMC0280]] speech synthesizer]]
[[File:Texas Instruments TI-30 electronic calculator.JPG|thumb|150px|right|[[TI-30]] electronic calculator, 1976]]

The [[7400 series]] of [[transistor-transistor logic]]  chips, developed by Texas Instruments in the 1960s, popularized the use of integrated circuits in computer logic. The military-grade version of this was the 5400 series.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.computerhistory.org/atchm/the-rise-of-ttl-how-fairchild-won-a-battle-but-lost-the-war/|title=The Rise of TTL: How Fairchild Won a Battle But Lost the War {{!}} Computer History Museum|website=www.computerhistory.org|date=July 13, 2015 |access-date=2016-07-26|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160721164146/http://www.computerhistory.org/atchm/the-rise-of-ttl-how-fairchild-won-a-battle-but-lost-the-war/|archive-date=July 21, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

====Microprocessor====
Texas Instruments invented the hand-held [[calculator]] (a prototype called "[[Cal Tech (calculator)|Cal Tech]]") in 1967 and the single-chip [[microcomputer]] in 1971,  was assigned the first patent on a single-chip [[microprocessor]] (invented by Gary Boone) on September 4, 1973.<ref>{{Cite patent|number=3757306|title=United States Patent: 3757306 – COMPUTING SYSTEMS CPU|gdate=September 4, 1973|invent1=Boone|inventor1-first=Gary W.|url=https://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/srchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=3,757,306.PN.&OS=PN/3,757,306&RS=PN/3,757,306}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210311214759/http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=3%2C757%2C306.PN.&OS=PN%2F3%2C757%2C306&RS=PN%2F3%2C757%2C306 |date=March 11, 2021 }}</ref> This was disputed by Gilbert Hyatt, formerly of the Micro Computer Company, in August 1990, when he was awarded a patent superseding TI's. This was overturned on June 19, 1996, in favor of TI<ref>{{Cite news|last=Markoff|first=John|date=1996-06-20|title=For Texas Instruments, Some Bragging Rights|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/06/20/business/for-texas-instruments-some-bragging-rights.html|access-date=2022-09-23|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> (note: [[Intel]] is usually given credit with Texas Instruments for the almost-simultaneous invention of the microprocessor).

====First speech synthesis chip====
In 1978, Texas Instruments introduced the first single-chip [[linear predictive coding]] [[speech synthesizer]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.datamath.org/Speech_IC.htm | work = Datamath Calculator Museum | title = Texas Instruments Speech – Integrated Circuits | access-date = September 7, 2008 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080510152744/http://www.datamath.org/Speech_IC.htm | archive-date = May 10, 2008 | df = mdy-all }}</ref> In 1976, TI began a feasibility study of memory-intensive applications for bubble memory then being developed. They soon focused on speech applications. This resulted in the development of the TMC0280 one-chip linear predictive coding  speech synthesizer, which was the first time a single silicon chip had electronically replicated the human voice.<ref name="TITimeLine">[http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/history/interactivetimeline.shtml TI web site history page] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609012716/http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/history/interactivetimeline.shtml |date=June 9, 2007 }},(c. 2008), (HTML), Texas Instruments, accessed September 6, 2008.</ref><ref>[http://americanhistory.si.edu/archives/speechsynthesis/ss_ti.htm “Smithsonian Speech Synthesis History Project”] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121151619/http://americanhistory.si.edu/archives/speechsynthesis/ss_ti.htm |date=November 21, 2008 }}, accessed September 7, 2008</ref> This was used in several TI commercial products beginning with [[Speak & Spell (toy)|Speak & Spell]], which was introduced at the Summer Consumer Electronics Show in June 1978. In 2001, TI left the speech synthesis business, selling it to Sensory Inc. of Santa Clara, California.<ref name="TI will exit dedicated speech-synthesis chips, transfer products to Sensory">{{cite web |url=http://www.eetimes.com/electronics-news/4102385/TI-will-exit-dedicated-speech-synthesis-chips-transfer-products-to-Sensory |title=TI will exit dedicated speech-synthesis chips, transfer products to Sensory |access-date=2016-02-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120528014257/http://www.eetimes.com/electronics-news/4102385/TI-will-exit-dedicated-speech-synthesis-chips-transfer-products-to-Sensory |archive-date=May 28, 2012 |df=mdy-all |date=June 14, 2001 |publisher=EE Times }}</ref>

===Consumer electronics and computers===
In May 1954, Texas Instruments designed and built a prototype of the world's first [[transistor radio]], and, through a partnership with Industrial Development Engineering Associates of Indianapolis, Indiana, the 100% solid-state radio was sold to the public beginning in October of that year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/history/timeline/semicon/1950/docs/54regency.htm|title=Texas Instruments – 1954 Regency Radio debuts|website=www.ti.com|access-date=2016-07-26|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815135423/http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/history/timeline/semicon/1950/docs/54regency.htm|archive-date=August 15, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

In the 1960s, company president Pat Haggerty had a team that included Jack Kilby to work on a handheld calculator project. Kilby and two other colleagues created the Cal-Tech, a three-pound battery-powered calculator that could do basic math and fit six-digit numbers on its display. This 4.25 x 6.15 x 1.75 inch calculator's processor would originate the vast majority of Texas Instruments’ revenue.<ref name="TIcalcsMedium" />

In 1973, the handheld calculator SR-10 (named after [[slide rule]]) and in 1974, the handheld scientific calculator [[TI SR-50|SR-50]] were issued by TI. Both had red LED-segments numeric displays. The optical design of the SR-50 is somewhat similar to the [[HP-35]] edited by [[Hewlett-Packard]] before in early 1972, but buttons for the operations "+", "–", ... are in the right of the number block and the decimal point lies between two neighboring digits.

TI continued to be active in the consumer electronics market through the 1970s and 1980s. Early on, this also included two digital clock models – one for desk and the other a bedside alarm. From this sprang what became the Time Products Division, which made LED watches. Though these LED watches enjoyed early commercial success due to excellent quality, it was short-lived due to poor battery life. LEDs were replaced with LCD watches for a short time, but these could not compete because of styling issues, excessive makes and models, and price points. The watches were manufactured in [[Dallas]] and then [[Lubbock, Texas]]. Several spin-offs of the [[Speak & Spell (toy)|Speak & Spell]], such as the [[Speak & Read]] and [[Speak & Math]], were introduced soon thereafter.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/history/timeline/eps/1970/docs/78-speak-spell_introduced.htm|title=Texas Instruments – 1978 Speak & Spell introduced|website=www.ti.com|access-date=2016-07-26|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160714182055/http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/history/timeline/eps/1970/docs/78-speak-spell_introduced.htm|archive-date=July 14, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

In 1979, TI entered the [[home computer]] market with the [[TI-99/4A|TI-99/4]], a competitor to computers such as the [[Apple II]], [[TRS-80]], and the later [[Atari 8-bit computers|Atari 400/800]] and [[VIC-20]]. By late 1982, TI was dominating the U.S. home computer market, shipping 5,000 computers a day from their factory in Lubbock.<ref name="death_1984_04_texasmonthly">[https://www.texasmonthly.com/news-politics/death-of-texas-instruments-home-computer/ "Death of a Computer,"] April 1984, ''[[Texas Monthly]],'' retrieved September 20, 2023</ref> It discontinued the [[TI-99/4A]] (1981), the sequel to the 99/4, in late 1983 amid an intense [[North American video game crash of 1983#A Savage Price War|price war]] waged primarily against Commodore. At the 1983 Winter CES, TI showed models 99/2 and the [[Compact Computer 40]], the latter aimed at professional users. The [[Texas Instruments Professional Portable Computer|TI Professional]] (1983) ultimately joined the ranks of the many unsuccessful [[MS-DOS]] and [[x86]]-based—but [[PC compatible#Compatibility issues|non-compatible]]<ref name="Inc.1984">{{cite journal|title=Sizing up the Professional|journal = PC Magazine: The Independent Guide to IBM-Standard Personal Computing|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZhoP0KRkQe4C&pg=PA242|date=6 March 1984|publisher=PC Magazine|pages=242–245|issn=0888-8507}}</ref>—competitors to the [[IBM Personal Computer|IBM PC]] (the founders of [[Compaq]], an early leader in PC compatibles, all came from TI). The company for years successfully made and sold PC-compatible laptops before withdrawing from the market and selling its product line to [[Acer Inc.|Acer]] in 1998.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/investor/compinfo/PRarchive/acer.shtml|title=TI IR – CI – AD – Acer Acquires Texas Instruments Mobile Computing Assets|website=www.ti.com|access-date=2016-07-26|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323184954/http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/investor/compinfo/PRarchive/acer.shtml|archive-date=March 23, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

===Defense electronics===
[[File:Convair 240-1 N240HH Texas Inst Chino 05.10.90R edited-3.jpg|thumb|right|TI operated this [[Convair 240]] on experimental work in the 1980s fitted with a modified extended nose section.]]

TI entered the [[defense (military)|defense]] electronics market in 1942 with submarine detection equipment,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/history.html#1940s |title=About TI – History – TI.com |access-date=July 8, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160710173533/http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/history.html#1940s |archive-date=July 10, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> based on the seismic exploration technology previously developed for the oil industry. The division responsible for these products was known at different times as the Laboratory & Manufacturing Division, the Apparatus Division, the Equipment Group, and the Defense Systems & Electronics Group (DSEG).

During the early 1980s, TI instituted a quality program which included [[Joseph M. Juran|Juran]] training, as well as promoting [[statistical process control]], [[Taguchi methods]], and [[Design for Six Sigma]]. In the late 1980s, the company, along with [[Eastman Kodak]] and [[Allied Signal]], began involvement with [[Motorola]], institutionalizing Motorola's [[Six Sigma]] methodology.<ref>{{cite journal |url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-32080915.html |title= Implementing Six Sigma at GE |year= 1998 |last1= Hendricks |first1= C.A. |last2= Kelbaugh |first2= R |journal= The Journal of Quality and Participation |volume= 21 |issue= 4 |pages= 48–53 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140714221856/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-32080915.html |archive-date= July 14, 2014 |df= mdy-all |access-date= July 2, 2014 }}</ref> Motorola, which originally developed the Six Sigma methodology, began this work in 1982. In 1992, the DSEG division<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/history/timeline/key/1990/docs/1992baldridgeaward.htm |title=Texas Instruments – 1992 Macolm Baldrige Award |access-date=July 22, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703014427/http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/history/timeline/key/1990/docs/1992baldridgeaward.htm |archive-date=July 3, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> of Texas Instruments' quality-improvement efforts were rewarded by winning the [[Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award]] for manufacturing.

====Infrared and radar systems====

TI developed the AAA-4 [[infrared search and track]] device in the late 1950s and early 1960s for the [[F-4B Phantom]]{{sfn|Sweetman|Bonds|1987|p=526}} for passive scanning of jet-engine emissions, but it possessed limited capabilities and was eliminated on F-4Ds and later models.{{sfn|Sweetman|Bonds|1987|p=552}}

In 1956, TI began research on [[infrared]] technology that led to several line scanner contracts and with the addition of a second scan mirror the invention of the first [[forward looking infrared]] (FLIR) in 1963 with production beginning in 1966. In 1972, TI invented the common module FLIR<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/history/timeline/defense/1970/docs/72-common-module.htm |title=Texas Instruments – 1972 Common module FLIR developed |access-date=July 27, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100311022517/http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/history/timeline/defense/1970/docs/72-common-module.htm |archive-date=March 11, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> concept, greatly reducing cost and allowing reuse of common components.

TI went on to produce side-looking radar systems, the first [[terrain following radar|terrain-following radar]] and surveillance radar systems for both the military and FAA. TI demonstrated the first solid-state radar called Molecular Electronics for Radar Applications.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/history/timeline/defense/1960/docs/66-mera.htm |title=Texas Instruments – 1966 MERA program begins |access-date=July 27, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100311022236/http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/history/timeline/defense/1960/docs/66-mera.htm |archive-date=March 11, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1976, TI developed a [[microwave landing system]] prototype. In 1984, TI developed the first [[inverse synthetic aperture radar]]. The first single-chip [[gallium arsenide]] radar module was developed. In 1991, the military microwave integrated circuit<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/history/timeline/defense/1990/docs/91-raytheon_microwave.htm |title=Texas Instruments – 1991 TI/Raytheon MIMIC program begins |access-date=July 27, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100311022430/http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/history/timeline/defense/1990/docs/91-raytheon_microwave.htm |archive-date=March 11, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> program was initiated—a joint effort with Raytheon.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MIMIC Program |url=https://www.microwaves101.com/encyclopedias/mimic-program}}</ref>

====Missiles and laser-guided bombs====

In 1961, TI won the guidance and control system contract for the defense suppression [[AGM-45 Shrike]] [[antiradiation missile]]. This led later to the prime on the [[AGM-88 HARM|high-speed antiradiation missile]] (AGM-88 HARM) development contract in 1974 and production in 1981.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raytheon AGM-88 HARM |url=https://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-88.html |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=www.designation-systems.net}}</ref>

In 1964, TI began development of the first laser guidance system for [[precision-guided munition]]s, leading to the [[Paveway]] series of [[laser-guided bomb]]s (LGBs). The first LGB was the [[BOLT-117]].<ref name="usaf-bolt117">{{cite web |title=Texas Instruments BOLT-117 Laser Guided Bomb |url=https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/196016/texas-instruments-bolt-117-laser-guided-bomb/ |website=National Museum of the United States Air Force |publisher=United States Air Force |access-date=4 January 2024}}</ref>

In 1969, TI won the Harpoon (missile) Seeker contract. In 1986, TI won the Army [[FGM-148 Javelin]] [[fire-and-forget]] man portable antitank guided missile in a joint venture with [[Martin Marietta]]. In 1991, TI was awarded the contract for the [[AGM-154 Joint Standoff Weapon]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raytheon AGM-154 JSOW |url=http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-154.html |access-date=2022-05-04 |website=www.designation-systems.net}}</ref>

In 1988, TI paid the U.S. government $5.2 million "to settle allegations one of its divisions overcharged the government on contracts for guided missiles sold to the [[United States Navy|Navy]]".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Texas Instruments Pays U.S. $5.2 Million for Overcharges |url=https://www.justice.gov/archive/opa/pr/Pre_96/August94/447.txt.html |access-date=2022-05-04 |website=www.justice.gov}}</ref>

====Military computers====
{{See also|Military computers}}

Because of TI's research and development of military temperature-range silicon transistors and integrated circuits (ICs), TI won contracts for the first IC-based computer for the U.S. Air Force in 1961 (molecular electronic computer)<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102646283|title=Molecular Electronic Computer brochure {{!}} 102646283 {{!}} Computer History Museum|year=1961 |publisher=Texas Instruments Incorporated (TI) |language=en|access-date=2018-03-13|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314042854/http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102646283|archive-date=March 14, 2018|df=mdy-all}}</ref> and for ICs for the [[Minuteman Missile]] the following year. In 1968, TI developed the data systems for [[Mariner Program]]. In 1991 TI won the F-22 Radar and Computer development contract.

====Divestiture to Raytheon====

As the defense industry consolidated, TI sold its defense business to the [[Raytheon Company]] in 1997 for $2.95 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Texas Instruments agrees to sell defense operations for $2.95 billion |url=https://apnews.com/article/8098c805f936cc048495b50b9f31f68a|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725170749/https://apnews.com/article/8098c805f936cc048495b50b9f31f68a|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 July 2022|access-date=2022-05-04 |website=AP News|language=en}}</ref> [[United States Department of Justice|The Department of Justice]] required that Raytheon divest the TI [[Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit]] (MMIC) operations after closing the transaction.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_1997_July_2/ai_19556280 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120710173652/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_1997_July_2/ai_19556280 |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 10, 2012 |title=Raytheon announces Justice Department approval of Texas Instruments acquisition |date=July 2, 1997 |work=Business Wire }}</ref> The TI MMIC business accounted for less than $40 million in 1996 revenues, or roughly 2% of the $1.8 billion in total TI defense revenues, and was sold to [[TriQuint Semiconductor]], Inc. Raytheon retained its own existing [[MMIC]] capabilities and has the right to license TI's MMIC technology for use in future product applications from TriQuint.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_1998_Jan_9/ai_20124279 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707231044/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_1998_Jan_9/ai_20124279 |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 7, 2012 |title=Raytheon Company Announces Sale of MMIC Operations Acquired from Texas Instruments |date=January 9, 1998 |work=Business Wire }}</ref>

Shortly after Raytheon acquired TI DSEG, Raytheon then acquired [[Hughes Aircraft]] from [[General Motors]]. Raytheon then owned TI's [[mercury cadmium telluride]] detector business and [[infrared]] (IR) systems group. In California, it also had Hughes infrared detector and an IR systems business. When again the US government forced Raytheon to divest itself of a duplicate capability, the company kept the TI IR systems business and the Hughes detector business. As a result of these acquisitions, these former arch rivals of TI systems and Hughes detectors work together.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Why the IR detectormarket is in flux|date=October 28, 2008|url=https://www.laserfocusworld.com/display_article/43028/12/none/none/Dept/Why-the-IR-detectormarket-is-in-flux|access-date=2022-09-23|website=www.laserfocusworld.com|archive-date=September 16, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220916072203/https://www.laserfocusworld.com/display_article/43028/12/none/none/Dept/Why-the-IR-detectormarket-is-in-flux|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Immediately after acquisition, DSEG was known as Raytheon TI Systems (RTIS).<ref>[http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/redirect/raytheon.htm Raytheon TI Systems{{snd}} important information] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061109194345/http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/redirect/raytheon.htm |date=November 9, 2006 }}. Ti.com. Retrieved on April 19, 2012.</ref> It is now fully integrated into Raytheon and this designation no longer exists.

===Artificial intelligence===
TI was active in the area of [[artificial intelligence]] in the 1980s. In addition to ongoing developments in speech and signal processing and recognition, it developed and sold the [[TI Explorer|Explorer]] computer family of [[Lisp machine]]s. For the Explorer, a special 32-bit Lisp microprocessor was developed, which was used in the Explorer II and the TI MicroExplorer (a Lisp Machine on a [[NuBus]] board for the Apple [[Macintosh]]). AI application software developed by TI for the Explorer included the gate assignment system for Northwest Airlines and United Airlines, [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-11-07-fi-1112-story.html described as]  "an artificial intelligence program that captures the combined experience and knowledge of a half-dozen United operations experts."  In software for the PC, they introduced "Personal Consultant", a rule-based [[expert system]] development tool and runtime engine, followed by "Personal Consultant Plus" written in the Lisp-like language from MIT known as [[Scheme (programming language)|Scheme]], and the natural language menu system NLMenu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ti.com.cn/sc/docs/watson.htm|title=Texas Instruments|website=www.ti.com.cn|access-date=2016-07-26|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817012717/http://www.ti.com.cn/sc/docs/watson.htm|archive-date=August 17, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

===Sensors and controls===
TI was a major [[Original equipment manufacturer|original-equipment manufacturer]] of [[sensor]], control, protection, and [[RFID]] products for the automotive, appliance, aircraft, and other industries. The Sensors & Controls division was headquartered in [[Attleboro, Massachusetts]].

By the mid-1980s, industrial computers known as PLC's (programmable logic controllers) were separated from Sensors & Controls as the Industrial Systems Division, which was sold in the early 1990s to Siemens.

In 2006, [[Bain Capital LLC]], a private equity firm, purchased the Sensors & Controls division for $3.0 billion in cash.<ref>
{{cite press release
 |publisher   = Texas Instruments
 |date        = January 9, 2006
 |title       = Bain Capital to Purchase Sensors & Controls Business of Texas Instruments for $3 Billion
 |url         = http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/press/company/2006/c06001.shtml
 |url-status     = live
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20060111193914/http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/press/company/2006/c06001.shtml
 |archive-date = January 11, 2006
 |df          = mdy-all
}}</ref>  The RFID portion of the division remained part of TI, transferring to the Application Specific Products business unit of the Semiconductor division, with the newly formed independent company based in Attleboro taking the name Sensata Technologies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://investors.sensata.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=210277&p=irol-historycomp|title=Sensata Technologies, Inc. – Press Room – History of Our Company|website=investors.sensata.com|access-date=2016-07-26|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140602034847/http://investors.sensata.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=210277&p=irol-historycomp|archive-date=June 2, 2014|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

===Software===
<!-- This section is linked from [[Texas Instruments Software]] -->
In 1997, TI sold its software division, along with its main products such as the [[CA Gen]], to [[Sterling Software]], which is now part of [[Computer Associates]]. However, TI still owns small pieces of software, such as the software for calculators such as the  [[TI Interactive!]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://education.ti.com/en/ee/products/accessories-and-computer-software/ti-interactive/features/features-summary|title=TI InterActive!™ – Features Summary Texas Instruments – Eastern Europe|website=education.ti.com|access-date=2016-07-26|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815144639/https://education.ti.com/en/ee/products/accessories-and-computer-software/ti-interactive/features/features-summary|archive-date=August 15, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref> TI also creates a significant amount of target software for its digital signal processors, along with host-based tools for creating DSP applications.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ti.com/lsds/ti/processors/dsp/tools_software.page|title=DSP {{!}} Tools & Software {{!}} Processors {{!}} TI.com|website=www.ti.com|access-date=2016-07-26|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160721025926/http://www.ti.com/lsds/ti/processors/dsp/tools_software.page|archive-date=July 21, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

== Finances ==
For the fiscal year 2017, Texas Instruments reported earnings of $3.682 billion, with an annual revenue of $14.961 billion, an increase of 11.9% over the previous fiscal cycle. TI shares traded at over $82 per share, and its market capitalization was valued at over $88.0 billion in October 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/investor_relations/annual_reports.html#|title=Annual Reports}}</ref> As of 2018, TI ranked 192nd on the [[Fortune 500]] list of the largest United States corporations by revenue.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://fortune.com/fortune500/list |title=Fortune 500 Companies 2018: Who Made the List |website=Fortune |language=en-US |access-date=2018-11-23 |archive-date=May 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502115903/http://fortune.com/fortune500/list/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable float-left" style="text-align: right;"
!Year
!Revenue<br />in million US$
!Net income<br />in million US$
!Total assets<br />in million US$
!Price per share<br />in US$
!Employees
|-
|2005
|12,335
|2,324
|15,063
|21.97
|
|-
|2006
|14,255
|4,341
|13,930
|23.98
|
|-
|2007
|13,835
|2,657
|12,667
|26.01
|30,175
|-
|2008
|12,501
|1,920
|11,923
|19.85
|29,537
|-
|2009
|10,427
|1,456
|12,119
|16.66
|26,584
|-
|2010
|13,966
|3,184
|13,401
|21.60
|28,412
|-
|2011
|13,735
|2,201
|20,497
|26.37
|34,759
|-
|2012
|12,825
|1,728
|20,021
|25.57
|34,151
|-
|2013
|12,205
|2,125
|18,938
|32.90
|32,209
|-
|2014
|13,045
|2,777
|17,372
|42.61
|31,003
|-
|2015
|13,000
|2,986
|16,230
|49.79
|29,977
|-
|2016
|13,370
|3,595
|16,431
|59.83
|29,865
|-
|2017
|14,961
|3,682
|17,642
|82.03
|29,714
|-
|2018
|15,784
|5,580
|17,137
|90.46
|29,888
|-
|2019
|14,383
|5,017
|18,018
|123.32
|29,768
|-
|2020
|14,461
|5,595
|19,351
|162.70
|30,000
|-
|2021
|18,344
|7,769
|24,676
|189.41
|31,000
|-
|2022
|20,028
|8,749
|27,207
|165.22
|33,000
|-
|2023
|17,519
|6,510
|32,348
|
|34,000
|}

==Divisions==
As of 2016, TI is made up of four divisions: [[analog electronics|analog products]], [[embedded processor]]s, [[digital light processing]], and [[educational technology]].{{failed verification |date=July 2024 |reason=No list of company divisions in the cited source, and also almost certainly outdated information.}}<ref name="ti.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/technology_innovation.html|title=About TI – Technology and innovation – TI.com|website=www.ti.com|access-date=2016-07-25|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160712074240/http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/technology_innovation.html|archive-date=July 12, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

As of January 2021, the industrial market accounts for 41 percent of TI's annual revenue, and the automotive market accounts for 21 percent.<ref name="ED" />

===Other businesses===
TI's remaining businesses consisting of [[Digital Light Processing|DLP]] products (primarily used in projectors to create high-definition images), calculators and certain custom semiconductors known as application-specific integrated circuits.

====DLP Products====
[[File:Texas Instruments, DLP Cinema Prototype System, Mark V, Paris, 2000 - Philippe Binant Archives.jpg|thumb|Texas Instruments, DLP Cinema Prototype Projector, Mark V, 2000]]
Texas Instruments sells DLP technology for TVs, video projectors, and [[digital cinema]]. On February 2, 2000, Philippe Binant, technical manager of Digital Cinema Project at [[Gaumont (company)|Gaumont]] in France, realized the first digital cinema projection in Europe with the DLP Cinema technology developed by TI DLP technology enables a diverse range of display and advanced light control applications spanning industrial, enterprise, automotive, and consumer market segments.{{citation needed |date=July 2024|reason=Also ungrammatical, and no obvious reason to name this person.}}

;Custom application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs)

The ASICs business develops more complex integrated-circuit solutions for clients on a custom basis.
[[File:DLP CINEMA. A Texas Instruments Technology - Photo Philippe Binant.jpg|thumb|DLP Cinema, a Texas Instruments technology]]

====Educational technology====
TI has produced educational toys for children, including the [[Little Professor]] in 1976 and [[Dataman]] in 1977.<ref>{{cite news|first1=James Floyd|last1=Kelly|access-date=2020-02-25|title=Super Bonus GeekDad Retro Gaming: DataMan|url=https://www.wired.com/2011/07/super-bonus-geekdad-retro-gaming-dataman/|newspaper=Wired|date=5 July 2011|issn=1059-1028|via=www.wired.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first1=Benj|last1=Edwards|access-date=2020-02-25|title=The Golden Age of Texas Instruments Consumer Gadgets|url=https://uk.pcmag.com/electronics/86393/the-golden-age-of-texas-instruments-consumer-gadgets|date=1 December 2016|website=PCMag UK}}</ref>

TI produces a range of calculators, with the [[TI-30]] being one of the most popular early [[calculator]]s. TI has also developed a line of [[graphing calculator]]s, the first being the [[TI-81]], and most popular being the [[TI-83 Plus]] (with the [[TI-84 Plus]] being an updated equivalent).

Many TI calculators are still sold without graphing capabilities.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Education Technology &#124; Graphing Calculators &#124; Texas Instruments|url=https://education.ti.com/en|access-date=2022-09-23|website=education.ti.com|language=en}}</ref> The TI-30 has been replaced by the [[TI-30|TI-30X IIS]]. Also, some financial calculators are for sale on the TI website.

In 2007, TI released the [[TI-Nspire]] family of calculators and computer software that has similar capabilities to the calculators.

Less than 3% of Texas Instruments’ overall revenue comes from calculators, part of the $1.43 billion revenue in the "Other" section in the company's 2018 annual report. Nevertheless, the calculators are a lucrative product. For example, estimates have a $15 to $20 cost to produce TI-84 Plus which likely has a profit margin of at least 50%.

Throughout the 1980s, Texas Instruments worked closely with National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) to develop a calculator to become the educational standard. In 1986, Connecticut School Board became the first to require a graphing calculator on state-mandated exams. Chicago Public Schools gave a free calculator to every student, beginning in the fourth grade, in 1988. New York required the calculator in 1992 for its Regents exams after first allowing it the previous year. The College Board  required calculators on the Advanced Placement tests in 1993 and allowed calculators on the SAT a year later. Texas Instruments provides free services to the College Board, which administers AP tests and the SAT, and also has a group called Teachers Teaching for Technology (T3), which educates teachers on how to use its calculators.<ref name="TIcalcsMedium" />

====TI calculator community====
In the 1990s, with the advent of TI's graphing calculator series, programming became popular among some students. The TI-8x series of calculators (beginning with the TI-81) came with a built-in [[TI-BASIC|BASIC]] interpreter, through which simple programs could be created. The TI-83 was the first in the series to receive native assembly.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t-9dDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT33|title=Stand Out of Our Light: Freedom and Resistance in the Attention Economy|last=Williams|first=James Wilson|author-link=James Wilson Williams|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|date=2018|access-date=2022-03-13|page=17|isbn=978-1-108-42909-2|doi=10.1017/9781108453004}}</ref> Around the same time that these programs were first being written, programmers began creating websites to host their work, along with tutorials and other calculator-relevant information. This led to the formation of TI calculator [[webrings]] and eventually a few large communities, including ticalc.org.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Welcome - ticalc.org|url=https://www.ticalc.org/|access-date=2022-09-23|website=www.ticalc.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/09/circuits/articles/02calc.html|title=Powerful Calculators Throw Teachers a New Curve|last=Lee|first=Jennifer|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=1999-09-02|access-date=2022-03-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312225241/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/09/circuits/articles/02calc.html|archive-date=2022-03-12|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=root.cz>{{cite web|url=https://www.root.cz/clanky/programovaci-jazyky-z-vyvojarskeho-pekla-spagetovy-kod-na-kalkulackach/|title=Programovací jazyky z vývojářského pekla: špagetový kód na kalkulačkách|language=cs|trans-title=Programming languages from development hell: spaghetti code on calculators|last=Tišnovský|first=Pavel|work=Root.cz|date=2016-06-14|access-date=2022-03-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313001454/https://www.root.cz/clanky/programovaci-jazyky-z-vyvojarskeho-pekla-spagetovy-kod-na-kalkulackach/|archive-date=2022-03-13|url-status=live}}</ref>

The TI community reached the height of its popularity in the early 2000s, with many new websites and programming groups being started. In fact, the aforementioned community sites were exploding with activity, with close to 100 programs being uploaded daily by users of the sites. Also, a competition existed between both sites to be the top site in the community, which helped increase interest and activity in the community.

One of the common unifying forces that has united the community over the years has been the rather contentious relationship with TI regarding control over its graphing calculators.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}} TI graphing calculators generally fall into two distinct groups—the older ones powered by the [[Zilog Z80]] and the newer ones running on the [[Motorola 68000]] series.<ref name=root.cz/> Both lines of calculators are locked by TI with checks in the hardware and through the signing of software to disable use of custom operating systems. However, users discovered the keys and published them in 2009. TI responded by sending invalid [[DMCA]] [[takedown notice]]s, causing the [[Texas Instruments signing key controversy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/dallas/stories/2009/10/26/story6.html|url-access=limited|title=Hobbyists tangle with TI|last=Bounds|first=Jeff|work=[[Dallas Business Journal]]|date=2009-10-24|access-date=2022-03-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313002427/https://www.bizjournals.com/dallas/stories/2009/10/26/story6.html|archive-date=2022-03-13|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Competitors==
{{See also|Semiconductor industry}}

TI has the largest market share in the analog semiconductor industry, accounting for over $10 billion of the total $57 billion market in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Texas Instruments Continues As World's Top Analog IC Supplier |url=https://www.icinsights.com/news/bulletins/Texas-Instruments-Continues-As-Worlds-Top-Analog-IC-Supplier/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603053232/https://www.icinsights.com/news/bulletins/Texas-Instruments-Continues-As-Worlds-Top-Analog-IC-Supplier/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=June 3, 2021 |access-date=2022-03-19 |website=www.icinsights.com}}</ref>

==Acquisitions==
* In 1996, TI acquired Tartan, Inc.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/investor_relations/acquisitions_divestitures.html |title=Acquisitions and divestitures |year=1996 }}</ref>
* In 1997, TI acquired Amati Communications for $395 million.<ref>{{cite press release |date= November 19, 1997|title= TI to Acquire Amati Communications for $395 Million|url= http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/presshistory/company/1997/c97087.shtml|publisher= Texas Instruments|access-date=2018-11-17}}</ref>
* In 1998, TI acquired GO DSP.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.alacrastore.com/storecontent/Thomson_M&A/Texas_Instruments_Inc_acquires_GO_DSP_Corp_Texas_Instruments-722430040 | title=Texas Instruments Inc acquires GO DSP Corp | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419141410/http://www.alacrastore.com/storecontent/Thomson_M%26A/Texas_Instruments_Inc_acquires_GO_DSP_Corp_Texas_Instruments-722430040 | archive-date=April 19, 2012 | df=mdy-all | access-date=August 26, 2018 }}</ref>
* In 1998, TI acquired the standard logic (semiconductor) product lines from [[Harris Semiconductor]], which included the [[4000-series integrated circuits|CD4000]], [[HCMOS|HC4xxx]], HCT, FCT, and ACT product families.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.edn.com/electronics-news/4115773/TI-to-buy-Harris-logic-portfolio | title=TI to buy Harris' logic portfolio |newspaper=EDN |date=Nov 6, 1998 |df=mdy-all |  access-date=February 3, 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.edn.com/electronics-news/4013179/TI-to-purchase-FCT-logic-business-from-Cypress | title=TI to purchase FCT logic business from Cypress |newspaper=EDN |date=Dec 1, 1999 |df=mdy-all |  access-date=February 3, 2019 }}</ref>
* In 1999, TI acquired Libit Signal Processing Ltd. of [[Herzliya|Herzlia]], Israel for approximately $365 million in cash.<ref>{{cite news|last=Dorsch |first=Jeff |title=TI to Acquire Libit Signal of Israel for $365M |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EKF/is_26_45/ai_55287954/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120710183359/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EKF/is_26_45/ai_55287954/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 10, 2012 |newspaper=Electronic News |date=June 28, 1999 }}</ref>
* In 1999, TI acquired Butterfly VLSI, Ltd. for approximately $50 million.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/presshistory/company/1999/c99002.shtml | title=TI to Acquire Butterfly VLSI, Ltd | year=1999 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008233748/http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/presshistory/company/1999/c99002.shtml | archive-date=October 8, 2012 | df=mdy-all }}</ref>
* In 1999, TI acquired Telogy Networks for $457 million.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EKF/is_23_45/ai_54841017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120717075203/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EKF/is_23_45/ai_54841017 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-07-17 |title=TI to Acquire Telogy for $457M |first=Jeff |last=Dorsch |year=1999 |work=Electronic News }}</ref>
* In 1999, TI acquired Unitrode Corporation (NYSE:UTR).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/investor/compinfo/PRarchive/c99041.shtml | title=Texas Instruments to Acquires Unitrode | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703083804/http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/investor/compinfo/PRarchive/c99041.shtml | archive-date=July 3, 2013 | df=mdy-all }}</ref>
* In 2000, TI acquired [[Burr-Brown Corporation]] for $7.6 billion.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.futurlec.com/News/TI/AcqBurrBrown.html | title=Texas Instruments to Acquire Burr-Brown | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214034809/http://www.futurlec.com/News/TI/AcqBurrBrown.html | archive-date=February 14, 2012 | df=mdy-all }}</ref>
* In 2001, TI acquired Graychip.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2001-09-07 |title=TI acquires Graychip for digital up and down converter technology |url=https://www.eetimes.com/ti-acquires-graychip-for-digital-up-and-down-converter-technology/ |access-date=2024-08-21 |website=EE Times}}</ref>
* In 2003, TI acquired Radia Inc, a San-Jose based companied who had developed a  developed an ASIC WiFi front end prototype without the base band processor, for about $320 million. The company has an Israeli home office.
* In 2006, TI acquired [[Chipcon]] for about $200 million.<ref>{{ cite web | url=http://news.thomasnet.com/companystory/TI-to-Acquire-Chipcon-471935 | title=TI to Acquire Chipcon, Nordic Semi. | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116114839/http://news.thomasnet.com/companystory/TI-to-Acquire-Chipcon-471935 | archive-date=January 16, 2013 | df=mdy-all }}</ref>
* In 2009, TI acquired CICLON and Luminary Micro.<ref>{{cite press release
 |title       = TI Acquires Luminary Micro
 |publisher   = Luminary Micro
 |date        = May 14, 2009
 |url         = http://www.luminarymicro.com/press/ti_acquires_luminary_micro.html
 |access-date  = April 6, 2011
 |url-status     =dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110714002428/http://www.luminarymicro.com/press/ti_acquires_luminary_micro.html
 |archive-date = July 14, 2011
 |df          = mdy-all
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Texas Instruments buys Luminary Micro |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/austin/stories/2009/05/11/daily48.html |newspaper=Austin Business Journal |publisher=[[American City Business Journals]] |oclc=40561857 |date=May 15, 2009 |access-date=April 6, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026131447/http://www.bizjournals.com/austin/stories/2009/05/11/daily48.html |archive-date=October 26, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
* In 2011, TI acquired [[National Semiconductor]] for $6.5 billion.
* In 2021, TI acquired an operational 300mm [[Semiconductor fabrication plant|fabrication plant]] located in [[Lehi, Utah]] from [[Micron Technology|Micron]] for $900 million.<ref>{{cite press release
 |title       = ATREG Successfully Assists Texas Instruments With Acquisition Of Micron's Operational 300mm Fab Based In Lehi, Utah
 |publisher   = Business Wire
 |date        = October 25, 2021
 |url         = https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20211025005539/en/ATREG-Successfully-Assists-Texas-Instruments-With-Acquisition-Of-Micron%E2%80%99s-Operational-300mm-Fab-Based-In-Lehi-Utah
 |access-date  = November 16, 2021
 }}</ref>
* In 2022, TI acquired icDirectory France

===National Semiconductor acquisition===
On April 4, 2011, Texas Instruments announced that it had agreed to buy [[National Semiconductor]] for $6.5 billion in cash. TI paid $25 per share of National Semiconductor stock, which was an 80% premium over the share price of $14.07 as of April 4, 2011, close. The deal made TI the world's largest maker of analog technology components.<ref name=BbBw2011>{{cite news |title=Texas Instruments Bets Sales Army Can Spur National's Growth |author1=Ian King |author2=Joseph Galante |author3=Diane Anderson |editor2=Nick Turner |editor1=Tom Giles |date=April 5, 2011 |access-date=April 6, 2011 |url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2011-04-05/texas-instruments-bets-sales-army-can-spur-national-s-growth.html |publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]] |newspaper=[[Bloomberg Businessweek]] |oclc=42637019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110407145617/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2011-04-05/texas-instruments-bets-sales-army-can-spur-national-s-growth.html |archive-date=April 7, 2011 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://money.cnn.com/2011/04/04/technology/texas_instruments_national_semiconductor_deal/index.htm?hpt=T2|title=Texas Instruments to buy National Semiconductor for $6.5 billion|author-first1=Ken |author-last1=Sweet|publisher=CNN|date=April 4, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110407133227/http://money.cnn.com/2011/04/04/technology/texas_instruments_national_semiconductor_deal/index.htm?hpt=T2|archive-date=April 7, 2011|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |publisher=National Semiconductor |date=April 4, 2011 |access-date=April 6, 2011 |title=TI to acquire National Semiconductor: Complementary portfolios are foundation for growth |url=http://national.transactionannouncement.com/docs/TI_to_Acquire_National_Semiconductor.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409054111/http://national.transactionannouncement.com/docs/TI_to_Acquire_National_Semiconductor.pdf |archive-date=April 9, 2011 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ti.com/ww/en/acquire/index.shtml |title=TI to Acquire National Semiconductor |work=ti.com |publisher=Texas Instruments Incorporated |access-date=April 6, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110407083037/http://www.ti.com/ww/en/acquire/index.shtml |archive-date=April 7, 2011 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news
 |title       = Texas Instruments buying National Semiconductor
 |author-first1      = Jordan 
 |author-last1=Robertson
 |url         = https://finance.yahoo.com/news/Texas-Instruments-buying-apf-3688753258.html
 |agency      = Associated Press
 |work   = Yahoo! Finance
 |date        = April 4, 2011
 |access-date  = April 6, 2011
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110407162408/http://finance.yahoo.com/news/Texas-Instruments-buying-apf-3688753258.html
 |archive-date = April 7, 2011
 |df          = mdy-all
}}</ref>
<!--  On September 19, 2011, the Chinese minister approved the merger, the last approval required -->The companies formally merged on September 23, 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://newscenter.ti.com/Blogs/newsroom/archive/2011/09/23/texas-instruments-completes-acquisition-of-national-semiconductor-813808.aspx |title=Texas Instruments completes acquisition of National Semiconductor |publisher=Texas Instruments |access-date=October 12, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001233042/http://newscenter.ti.com/Blogs/newsroom/archive/2011/09/23/texas-instruments-completes-acquisition-of-national-semiconductor-813808.aspx |archive-date=October 1, 2011 }}</ref>

== Leadership ==

=== President ===
# [[J. Erik Jonsson|John Erik Jonsson]], 1951–1958
# [[Patrick E. Haggerty|Patrick Eugene Haggerty]], 1958–1967
# [[Mark Shepherd (businessman)|Mark Shepherd Jr.]], 1967–1970
# Robert David Rogers, 1970–1975
# [[Mark Shepherd (businessman)|Mark Shepherd Jr.]], 1975–1976
# James Fred Bucy Jr., 1976–1985
# [[Jerry Junkins|Jerry Ray Junkins]], 1986–1996
# Thomas James Engibous, 1996–2004
# [[Rich Templeton|Richard Kevin Templeton]], 2004–2023
# Haviv Ilan, 2023–present

=== Chairman of the board ===

# [[Eugene McDermott]], 1953–1955
# [[Cecil Howard Green]], 1955–1958
# [[J. Erik Jonsson|John Erik Jonsson]], 1958–1969
# [[Patrick E. Haggerty|Patrick Eugene Haggerty]], 1969–1970
# [[Ralph B. Rogers|Ralph Burton Rogers]], 1970–1975
# [[Patrick E. Haggerty|Patrick Eugene Haggerty]], 1975–1976
# [[Mark Shepherd (businessman)|Mark Shepherd Jr.]], 1976–1988
# [[Jerry Junkins|Jerry Ray Junkins]], 1988–1996
# James R. Adams, 1996–1998
# Thomas James Engibous, 1998–2008
# [[Rich Templeton|Richard Kevin Templeton]], 2008–present

==See also==
{{Portal|Companies}}
* [[Anylite Technology]]
* [[EnOcean]]
* [[Symbian Foundation]]
* [[OMAP]]
* [[Melendy E. Lovett]]
* [[SolarMagic]]
* [[Texas Instruments DaVinci]]
{{clear right}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

===Bibliography===
* {{cite book|last1=Sweetman |first1=Bill |last2=Bonds |first2=Ray |title=The Great Book of Modern Warplanes| location=New York, New York |publisher=Crown Publishers |year=1987 |isbn=0-517-63367-1}}

==Further reading==
* P. Binant, "Kodak: ''Au coeur de la projection numérique''{{-"}}, ''Actions'', no. 29, pp.&nbsp;12–13, Paris, 2007.
* {{cite book| first=T. R. |last=Reid |title=The Chip: How Two Americans Invented the Microchip and Launched a Revolution |url=https://archive.org/details/chiphowtwoameric0000reid |url-access=registration | publisher=Random House Trade Paperbacks |location=New York |year=2001 |isbn=0-375-75828-3}}
* ''Nobel Lectures'', World Scientific Publishing Co., Singapore, 2000.

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website}}
{{Finance links
| name    = Texas Instruments Inc.
| symbol  = TXN
| sec_cik = 97476
| yahoo = TXN
| google = TXN
| nasdaq = TXN
| stockrow = TXN
}}

{{TI-graphing-calc}}
{{Open Handset Alliance Members}}
{{Programmable Logic}}
{{NASDAQ-100}}
{{Electronics industry in the United States}}
{{Major semiconductor companies}}
{{Authority control}}

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