View source for Tenor horn

{{Short description|Brass instrument in the saxhorn family}}
{{For|the German "Tenorhorn"|Baritone horn}}
{{Redirect|Althorn|the village in Essex|Althorne}}
{{Infobox Instrument
| name           = Tenor horn
| names          = alto horn, peck horn ([[American English]]); [[German Language|German:]]&nbsp;''Althorn''; [[French Language|French:]]&nbsp;''saxhorn alto'', ''saxhorn ténor'', ''pichote''; [[Italian language|Italian:]]&nbsp;''flicorno contralto'', ''genis''; [[Spanish language|Spanish:]]&nbsp;''trompa alto'', ''onnoven''; ''saxor'', ''charcheta'' (Mexico)
| background     = brass
| image          = Yamaha Alto horn YAH-203.tif
| caption        = Yamaha tenor horn in E♭
| classification = {{hlist
  | [[Wind instrument|Wind]]
  | [[Brass instrument|Brass]]
  | [[Saxhorn]]
}}
| range          = {{Image frame |innerstyle=background:white;padding:0.5em;
  | content =  <div style="text-align: center; background-color: white;">
  <score lang="lilypond">
    {
      \new Staff \with { \remove "Time_signature_engraver" }
      \clef treble \key c \major ^ \markup "written" \cadenzaOn
      fis1 \glissando c'''1
      \clef bass ^ \markup "sounds" a,1 \glissando \clef treble ees''1
    }
  </score>
</div>}}
  The [[tessitura]] for E♭ tenor horn is A{{sub|2}} to E♭{{sub|5}}. Notated in treble clef sounding a [[major sixth]] lower than written.{{sfn|Herbert|Myers|Wallace|2019|p=489|loc=Appendix 2: The Ranges of Labrosones}}
| hornbostel_sachs = 423.232
| hornbostel_sachs_desc = Valved lip-reed [[aerophone]] with moderately [[conical bore]]
| related        = {{hlist
  | [[Saxhorn]]
  | [[Flugelhorn]]
  | [[Baritone horn]]
  | [[French horn]]
  | [[Mellophone]]
  | [[Cornet]]
 }}
}}

The '''tenor horn''' ([[British English]]; '''alto horn''' in [[American English]], sometimes '''E♭ horn''') is a [[brass instrument]] in the [[saxhorn]] family pitched in E♭ with three piston valves. It has a [[bore (wind instruments)|bore]] that is moderately conical, like the [[cornet]] and [[baritone horn|baritone]], and normally uses a deep funnel-shaped [[mouthpiece (brass)|mouthpiece]]. In Europe it is known as the '''Althorn''' and has rotary valves and an oval shape.

It is most commonly used to play inner harmonies and off-beats in [[British brass band]]s and Mexican [[banda music]], reading [[transposing instrument|transposing]] [[treble clef]], whereas the [[German horn|horn]] dominates in [[concert band]]s and [[orchestra]]s. In the late 20th century it began to be considered as a serious solo voice, and has amassed a repertoire of contemporary [[concerto]]s and other solo works.

==History==

{{Multiple image
  | total_width = 260px | align = right
  | perrow = 1/2
  | image1 = F116 Althorn.tif
  | image2 = MIMEd 4543. Tenor horn in E-flat.png
  | image3 = Musikinstrumenten-Museum Berlin - Althorn in Es - 1107506 (rot1).jpg
  | alt1 = Althorn by Wahl c. 1850–1870
  | alt2 = Tenor saxhorn by Adolphe Sax, 1855
  | alt3 = Althorn by Glier, c. 1900
  | footer_align = left
  | footer = Althorn in E♭ by Wahl, {{circa|1850–1870}}, ''top''; Tenor saxhorn in E♭ by [[Adolphe Sax]], 1855; Althorn in E♭ with oval form, c. 1900 by Glier ([[Swedish Museum of Performing Arts|Scenkonstmuseet]], Stockholm; [[St Cecilia's Hall|University of Edinburgh]]; [[Berlin Musical Instrument Museum|Musikinstrumentenmuseum]], Berlin)
}}
The tenor horn found in British-style brass bands was derived from the French {{lang|fr|saxhorn ténor}}, a mid-voiced member of the family of [[saxhorn]]s invented in the 1840s by the Paris-based instrument maker [[Adolphe Sax]]. Bore measurements of historical instruments by Sax all have inner diameters described in his [[saxotromba]] patent, which describes a separate family of instruments with narrower bore, although only the E♭ ''ténor'' and B♭ ''baryton'' were ever built.{{sfn|Herbert|Myers|Wallace|2019|pp=361–362|loc="Saxotromba"}} The earliest 19th century models were made with Berlin valves.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Early Alto Saxhorn with Berliner Valves |last=Stewart |first=Robb |date=6 December 2021 <!-- from "data-updated-on" attribute timestamp in ms --> |work=Robb Stewart Brass Instruments |url= https://www.robbstewart.com/berliner-alto-horn |access-date=24 November 2025 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20250829025416/https://www.robbstewart.com/berliner-alto-horn |archive-date=29 August 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> 

The saxhorns became standard in bands in Britain and the United States due largely to the [[Distin family]], who helped popularise brass bands, promoting and performing widely on Sax's brass instruments. By 1850 Distin & Co. was manufacturing them in London, and in New York and Pennsylvania by the 1870s after the London business was purchased by [[Boosey & Hawkes|Boosey & Co.]]{{sfn|O'Connor|2007|p=10}} Distin dropped the name ''saxhorn'' early on, adopting the names tenor horn, baritone horn and euphonium instead, names still used for the modern instruments common in bands.{{sfn|Herbert|Myers|Wallace|2019|pp=359–360|loc="Saxhorn"}}{{sfn|Farr|2013|p=142}}

In [[Prussia]], early valved instruments with similar pitch and bore profile derived from bugles, called ''Althorns'', were already in use by the late 1820s.{{sfn|Herbert|Myers|Wallace|2019|p=356|loc="Saxhorn"}}
Initially built like a large [[flugelhorn]] with a forward-pointing bell, these were common in central and eastern Europe. The Althorn was also built in a circular "Waldhorn" form, and the upright "tuba-form" similar to Sax's saxhorn family.<ref name="GMO-althorn"/> Later, rotary valves were adopted, and the modern instrument's oval upright form was developed by the Austro-Hungarian maker [[Václav František Červený]] in the 1870s, based on his ''Kaiser'' family of instruments.{{sfn|O'Connor|2007|pp=10–11}}

During the [[American Civil War]] in the 1860s, "over-the-shoulder" (OTS) saxhorns, including an E♭ tenor horn size, were built in large numbers in the United States.{{sfn|Pirtle|2002|p=70}}<ref name="RS-Graves">{{Cite web |title=Alto Horn by Graves & Co., circa 1860 |last=Stewart |first=Robb |work=Robb Stewart Brass Instruments |date=17 September 2023 <!--data-updated-on attribute--> |url= https://www.robbstewart.com/graves-alto-ots |access-date=24 November 2025 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20250828175844/https://www.robbstewart.com/graves-alto-ots |archive-date=28 August 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> These were made for [[military band]]s, with the bell pointing backwards over the player's shoulder, so that soldiers marching behind the band could more easily hear the music.<ref name="villanueva">{{Cite web |title=Brass Bands of the Civil War |first=Jari |last=Villanueva |url=https://www.jvmusic.net/brass-bands-of-the-civil-war/ |access-date=2025-05-05 |website=JV Music - Musical Arrangements |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250505231000/https://www.jvmusic.net/brass-bands-of-the-civil-war/ |url-status=live }}</ref> After the war, the bands and their music remained popular, and manufacturing demand for bugles and saxhorns remained strong.{{sfn|Pirtle|2002|p=70–71}} In [[New Orleans]] in the early 20th century, the tenor horn was used in [[Dixieland jazz]] bands, including those of [[Papa Jack Laine]].{{sfn|Bevan|2000|p=271}}

In mid-19th century Mexico, small brass and wind bands known as ''[[Banda music|bandas]]'' became popular in rural and urban areas. Different regions adopted instruments from the military bands of European colonists, and music from German immigrants, particularly along the Pacific coast. By the time of the [[Mexican Revolution]] (1910–20), [[Sinaloa]]n {{lang|es|bandas populares}} (popular bands) had standardized on using the tenor horn in the ensemble, along with trumpets, trombones, and tubas or [[sousaphone]]s.<ref name="GMO-banda"/>

The alto horn became colloquially known as the "peck horn" in America, as the player "pecks away at" the [[Off-beat (music)|off-beats]] that were often assigned to the instrument in marches and band arrangements.<ref name="alto-tenor-FAQ">{{cite web |first=John |last=Ericson |title=A Tenor Horn/Alto Horn FAQ |date=12 January 2008 |work=Horn Matters |url= https://www.hornmatters.com/2008/01/new-tenor-hornalto-horn-page/ |access-date=31 October 2025}}</ref>{{sfn|Bevan|2000|p=271}} This name is mentioned in the 1957 Broadway musical, ''[[The Music Man]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Linda |last=Buchwald |title=It's Them Peck Horns |work=[[Making Music (magazine)|Making Music]] |url= http://www.makingmusicmag.com/features/07mar04.html |access-date=20 February 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120220011946/http://www.makingmusicmag.com/features/07mar04.html |archive-date=20 February 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
In the 1970s, [[King Musical Instruments|King]] produced an instrument called the "altonium", keyed in F with a French horn mouthpiece.<ref name="HornMatters">{{Cite web |title=A Blast from the Past: The Altonium |first=John |last=Ericson |website=Horn Matters |date=2 July 2010 |url= https://www.hornmatters.com/2010/07/a-blast-from-the-past-the-altonium/ |access-date=19 April 2021}}</ref> In their 1971 catalog, King produced two models: the 1147 upright model, and 1148 with the bell angled forward.<ref name="RugsNRelics">{{Cite web |title=King Altonium or "Hornium" in F c.1975 |website=Rugs-N-Relics |url=http://www77.rugs-n-relics.com/Brass/french-horns/1975-King-Hornium.html |access-date=19 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206103124/http://www.rugs-n-relics.com/Brass/french-horns/1975-King-Hornium.html |archive-date=6 February 2020 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Soon after, these alto horns were entirely replaced with bell-forward forms of the [[mellophone]] in American [[marching band]]s and [[drum and bugle corps (modern)|drum and bugle corps]].<ref name="alto-tenor-FAQ"/>

==Construction==

The modern tenor horn, found in [[British brass bands]], is pitched in E♭ and changed little from the mid-19th century French {{lang|fr|saxhorn ténor}}.{{sfn|Farr|2013|p=108–109}} It has an upward-pointing [[Wind instrument#Bell|bell]] and three Périnet piston valves.{{sfn|Yeo|2021|p=146|loc="tenor horn"}} The [[Bore (wind instruments)|bore]] is moderately conical, like that of the [[cornet]] or [[baritone horn]], but not as wide as that of the [[flugelhorn]] or [[euphonium]].{{sfn|Herbert|Myers|Wallace|2019|p=360|loc="Saxhorn"}} The conical bore dampens the higher frequency partials to produce a mellow, rounded ''[[timbre]]'' compared to instruments with a [[cylindrical bore]] at the same pitch.{{sfn|Herbert|Myers|Wallace|2019|pp=401–402|loc="Timbre"}}<ref>{{Cite web |first=Deanna |last=Swoboda |date=7 December 2010 |title=A Guide to Baritone, Euphonium and Tuba |url= https://content.westmusic.com/a-guide-to-baritone-euphonium-and-tuba/ |access-date=2 March 2022 |website=West Music |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190203073941/http://content.westmusic.com/a-guide-to-baritone-euphonium-and-tuba |archive-date=3 February 2019 |url-status=dead<!-- original article was replaced with AI slop c. 2024 -->}}</ref>

Modern manufacturers, tracking the late 20th century trend of increased bore sizes in band and orchestra brass instruments, build tenor horns with more power and projection than earlier instruments.{{sfn|Myers|2000|p=185}} They are built mainly by Besson and Yamaha, as well as Willson, Eastman Winds, [[Amati Kraslice|Amati]], and Geneva.<ref name="mfrs">{{Multiref2
  | {{Cite web |title=Brasswind Instruments: Alto Horns |work=amati.cz |publisher=[[Amati Kraslice]] |url=https://www.amati.cz/en/products/brasswind-instruments/alto-horns |access-date=23 November 2025 |archive-date=21 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250321013614/https://www.amati.cz/en/products/brasswind-instruments/alto-horns |url-status=live }}
  | {{Cite web |title=Geneva Cardinal Tenor Horn |work=Geneva Instruments |url=https://genevainstruments.com/product/geneva-cardinal-tenor-horn/ |access-date=23 November 2025 }}
  | {{Cite web |title=Tenor Horns |work=[[Besson (music company)|Besson]] |url=https://www.besson.com/en/instruments/tenor-horns/ |access-date=23 November 2025 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20250712005220/https://www.besson.com/en/instruments/tenor-horns/ |archive-date=12 July 2025 |url-status=live}}
  | {{Cite web |title=Products: Alto (Tenor) Horns |work=uk.yamaha.com |publisher=[[Yamaha Corporation]] |url=https://uk.yamaha.com/en/musical-instruments/brass-woodwinds/products/altohorns/ |access-date=23 November 2025 |archive-date=17 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250817203819/https://uk.yamaha.com/en/musical-instruments/brass-woodwinds/products/altohorns/ |url-status=live }}
  | {{Cite web |title=Alto (Tenor) Horns |work=Eastman Winds |url=https://www.eastmanwinds.com/alto_tenor_horns |access-date=23 November 2025 |archive-date=8 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250808120843/https://www.eastmanwinds.com/alto_tenor_horns |url-status=live }}
  | {{Cite web |title=ES-Althorn 2420TA |work=Willson Band Instruments |language=de |url=https://willson.ch/instrument/willson-es-althorn-2420ta |access-date=23 November 2025 |archive-date=9 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250809085843/https://willson.ch/instrument/willson-es-althorn-2420ta |url-status=live }}
}}</ref>

In the 20th century, E♭ alto horns were built for American bands by many makers, including [[F. E. Olds|Olds]], [[King Musical Instruments|King]], [[C. G. Conn|Conn]], and [[York Band Instrument Company|York]]. Many of these have the bell angled to face forwards, and are sometimes called the ''altonium'' after models with that name built by King.<ref name="alto-tenor-FAQ"/>

In Central and Eastern Europe, the instrument has rotary valves, and is called the {{lang|de|Althorn}}. It usually has an oval upright form, similar to the larger B♭ ''[[baritone horn|Tenorhorn]]''.<ref name="GMO-althorn">{{Cite Grove|title=Althorn |first1=Anthony |last1=Baines |first2=Trevor |last2=Herbert |id=00686}}</ref> These are made by Miraphone, [[V. F. Červený & Synové|Červený]], and others.<ref name="mfrs-althorn">{{Multiref2
  | {{Cite web |title=Alto horn |work=miraphone.de |url=https://www.miraphone.de/instruments/alto-horn.html |access-date=23 November 2025 |archive-date=17 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250417061441/https://www.miraphone.de/instruments/alto-horn.html |url-status=live }}
  | {{Cite web |title=Rotary Valve: Alto Horns |work=vfcerveny.cz |publisher=[[V. F. Červený & Synové]] |url=https://www.vfcerveny.cz/en/products/rotary-valve/alto-horns |access-date=23 November 2025 |archive-date=1 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240801130825/https://www.vfcerveny.cz/en/products/rotary-valve/alto-horns |url-status=live }}
}}</ref>

=== Mouthpiece ===

The tenor horn uses a small [[Mouthpiece (brass)|mouthpiece]], usually with a deep funnel-shaped cup similar to an orchestral horn mouthpiece. The rim diameter, ranging from {{convert|18|to|19.5|mm}},<ref>{{Cite web |title=Classic Tenor Horn Mouthpiece |work=Denis Wick Products |url=https://www.deniswick.com/product/classic-tenor-horn-mouthpiece-silver-plated/ |access-date=24 November 2025 |archive-date=1 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250401024351/https://www.deniswick.com/product/classic-tenor-horn-mouthpiece-silver-plated/ |url-status=live }}</ref> is wider than an orchestral horn mouthpiece, and about halfway between cornet and baritone mouthpieces.<ref name="alto-tenor-FAQ"/>

== Performance ==

The standard instrumentation of the British brass band has three tenor horn parts: solo, first, and second. The section usually plays as part of the alto and tenor lines in the middle of the band, with the solo horn part having occasional solo passages. Historically, the tenor horn has gained little recognition as a solo instrument in its own right. This has been gradually improving since the late 20th century.{{sfn|Bevan|2000|p=271}} The instrument's timbre, with a relatively soft attack and mellow sound, aids it in its ability to blend into the overall band sound.<ref name="alto-tenor-FAQ"/>

=== Range ===

{{Image frame |align=left |innerstyle=background:white;padding:0.5em;
  |caption = Range of a three-valve E♭ tenor horn
  |content = <score lang="lilypond"> {
    \new Staff \with { \remove "Time_signature_engraver" }
    \clef treble \key c \major ^ \markup "written" \cadenzaOn
    fis1 \glissando c'''1 s4
    \clef bass \omit Stem
    a,,4 ^ \markup \tiny "pedals" _ \markup \tiny "A₁"
    \glissando s ees, _ \markup \tiny "E♭₂"
    a,1 ^ \markup "sounds" _ \markup \tiny "A₂"
    \glissando \clef treble ees''1 _ \markup \tiny "E♭₅"
  }</score>
}}
The nominal range of the tenor horn (expressed in [[concert pitch]]) is from [[scientific pitch notation|A{{sub|2}}]] an [[octave]] and a [[minor third]] below [[middle C]] to E♭{{sub|5}} an octave and a minor third above middle C, although experienced players can reach higher than this.{{sfn|Herbert|Myers|Wallace|2019|p=489|loc=Appendix 2: The Ranges of Labrosones}} Since the tenor horn is a [[Pitch of brass instruments|whole-bore brass instrument]], the [[Fundamental frequency|fundamental]] pitches, or [[pedal tone]]s, are available from E♭{{sub|2}} to as low as A{{sub|1}} but are seldom called for.{{sfn|Miller|2014|p=125}}

=== Notation ===

Tenor horn parts are written in [[treble clef]] as a [[transposing instrument]] in E♭ a [[major sixth]] above [[concert pitch]]. The tenor horn's written [[middle C]] (C{{sub|4}}) sounds the E♭{{sub|3}} below middle C.<ref name="GMO-tenor-horn">{{Cite Grove|title=Tenor horn |first1=Anthony |last1=Baines |first2=Trevor |last2=Herbert |id=27677}}</ref>

=== Players ===

[[File:Kate Westbrook.jpg|thumb|[[Kate Westbrook (musician)|Kate Westbrook]] playing the tenor horn]]
The tenor horn as a serious solo instrument was first entertained in the 1970s by Gordon Higginbottom, a horn player with [[Black Dyke Band|Black Dyke Mills]]. Brass band composers began writing pieces for him, culminating in his 1978 performance of [[Eric Ball (composer)|Eric Ball's]] ''September Fantasy'' in the [[Royal Albert Hall]]. In 1996 Sheona White, horn player in the [[Hammonds Band|Yorkshire Building Society Band]], won the BBC Radio 2 Young Musician Award.{{sfn|Bevan|2000|p=271}}  She has since made recordings of most of the band solo repertoire, including the tenor horn concerto by [[Derek Bourgeois]], and newly commissioned works in 2023 for tenor horn and string orchestra.<ref name="4br-white-strings">{{Cite web |last=Fox |first=Iwan |title=CD review: New Music for E♭ Tenor Horn and String Orchestra |work=4 Bars Rest |date=20 April 2024 |url= https://www.4barsrest.com/reviews/products/cd765.asp |access-date=31 October 2025 }}</ref>

Welsh tenor horn soloist Owen Farr, professor of tenor horn at the [[Royal Northern College of Music]], has tutored several young musicians, including the German hornist Anabel Voigt, who has recorded arrangements (including the [[Richard Strauss|Strauss]] [[Horn Concerto No. 2 (Strauss)|Horn Concerto No. 2]]) and new works for tenor horn with piano, strings, and brass band.<ref name="rncm-owenfarr">{{Cite web |title=Owen Farr - Professor of Tenor Horn |publication-place=Manchester |publisher=[[Royal Northern College of Music]] |url=https://www.rncm.ac.uk/people/owen-farr/ |access-date=2 November 2025 |archive-date=23 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250523081012/https://www.rncm.ac.uk/people/owen-farr/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="4br-voigt">{{Cite web |last=Fox |first=Iwan |title=CD review: Farbenspiel — A Colourplay through Time and Genres |work=4 Bars Rest |date=16 July 2024 |url=https://www.4barsrest.com/reviews/products/cd771.asp |access-date=2 November 2025 |archive-date=23 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250423204514/https://www.4barsrest.com/reviews/products/cd771.asp |url-status=live }}</ref> Flemish tenor horn virtuoso Tim De Maeseneer has commissioned and recorded concertos for tenor horn by [[Jan van der Roost]], [[Thierry Deleruyelle]], and [[Edward Gregson]].<ref name="4br-paradox">{{Cite web |last=Fox |first=Iwan |title=CD review: Beyond the Paradox |work=4 Bars Rest |date=23 March 2025 |url=https://www.4barsrest.com/reviews/products/cd779.asp |access-date=31 October 2025 |archive-date=12 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250712204314/https://www.4barsrest.com/reviews/products/cd779.asp |url-status=live }}</ref>

In jazz, tenor horn is sometimes used by trumpeters as a doubling instrument, and was played by [[Humphrey Lyttelton]] and [[Mercer Ellington]]. British jazz musician and composer [[Django Bates]] performs mainly on tenor horn.{{sfn|Bevan|2000|p=271}} The English singer and painter [[Kate Westbrook (musician)|Kate Westbrook]] also plays tenor horn, collaborating and recording with her husband [[Mike Westbrook]]'s various ensembles including [[The Orckestra]] (1977–78) and The Village Band since the early 2000s.<ref name="GMO-kate-westbrook">{{Cite Grove| last=Adams |first=Simon |title=Westbrook [née Barnard], Kate [Katherine Jane] |id=J723300}}</ref>

==Repertoire==

The tenor horn has not appeared in the [[symphony orchestra]], where its place is taken by the [[French horn]].{{sfn|Bevan|2000|p=271}} It is a fixture of brass bands in Britain and the Commonwealth, and sometimes used in [[concert band]]s as a replacement for the French horn.{{sfn|Miller|2014|p=125}}
The tenor horn is also used in [[banda music|banda]] music in Mexico and Latin America, where it is called the {{lang|es|saxor}} or {{lang|es|charcheta}}.<ref name="GMO-banda">{{Cite Grove|first=Helena |last=Simonett |title=Banda; Banda Sinaloense |id=A20928}}</ref>

In chamber music, the standard quartet in British brass bands is two cornets, tenor horn, and euphonium. In Russia, the brass quartet in the late 19th century was two cornets, althorn, and tenorhorn ([[baritone horn|baritone]]), although Russian and Soviet composers after 1890 often substituted a trombone for the lowest part.{{sfn|Bevan|2000|p=271}} In Germany, modern {{lang|de|posaunenchor}} ensembles include bugle family instruments—flugelhorn, tenor horn, euphonium—alongside trumpets and trombones.{{sfn|Herbert|Myers|Wallace|2019|loc="Posaunenchor"|p=327}} In Scandinavia, an E♭ althorn is used in brass ensemble music, such as the Finnish {{lang|fi|torviseitsikko}} septet, including early works by [[Jean Sibelius]].{{sfn|Herbert|Myers|Wallace|2019|loc="Torviseitsikko"|p=404–405}}

=== Notable works ===

The first solo piece specifically for a tenor horn was [[Paul Hindemith]]'s ''Sonate für Althorn in Es und Klavier"'' (1943), written as part of his endeavour to produce a [[sonata]] for every instrument.<ref name="alto-tenor-FAQ"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sonate für Althorn (Waldhorn, Alt-Saxophon) in Es und Klavier |last=Hindemith |first=Paul |via=[[International Music Score Library Project]] |date=1943 |url=https://imslp.org/wiki/Tenor_Horn_Sonata_(Hindemith,_Paul) |publisher=Schott & Co. |publication-place=London |access-date=24 November 2025 |archive-date=21 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250821113419/https://imslp.org/wiki/Tenor_Horn_Sonata_(Hindemith%2C_Paul) |url-status=live }}</ref> In the 1970s, pieces appeared as part of Higginbottom's work to popularise the instrument, including [[Eric Ball (composer)|Eric Ball]]'s ''September Fantasy'' (1977).{{sfn|Bevan|2000|p=271}} British composer [[Philip Sparke]] has written solos with band accompaniment, including ''Masquerade'' (1985), ''Aria'' (2003), and ''Capricorno'' (2009).<ref>{{Cite web |first=Philip |last=Sparke |author-link=Philip Sparke |title=Music: results for 'horn' |website=philipsparke.com |url= https://www.philipsparke.com/search?q=horn |access-date=13 November 2025}}</ref> [[Derek Bourgeois]] wrote two solo works with piano accompaniment, ''A Hornting We Will Go'' (1997) and a sonata (2011).<ref name="bourgeois-catalogue">{{Cite web |title=Full Catalogue of Works |last=Bourgeois |first=Derek |author-link=Derek Bourgeois |work=derekbourgeois.com |date= |url=https://derekbourgeois.com/catalogu.htm |access-date=23 November 2025 |archive-date=9 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241109043444/https://www.derekbourgeois.com/catalogu.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

Concertos for tenor horn have been written since the late 20th century. These include [[Gareth Wood (composer)|Gareth Wood]]'s ''Concertino'' (1989), and concertos by Derek Bourgeois (2003),<ref name="bourgeois-catalogue"/> [[Elgar Howarth]] (2004),<ref name="4br-howarth">{{Cite web |title=CD review: Chatham Dances |last=Fox |first=Iwan |work=4 Bars Rest |date=13 April 2006 |url=https://www.4barsrest.com/reviews/cds/cd251.asp |access-date=24 November 2025 |archive-date=15 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111115092318/http://4barsrest.com/reviews/cds/cd251.asp |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Idin Samimi Mofakham]] (''Rajaz'', 2013),<ref name="mofakham-works">{{Cite web |title=List of Works |last=Mofakham |first=Idin Samimi |author-link=Idin Samimi Mofakham |work=idin-samimi.com |date=2025 |url= https://www.idin-samimi.com/list-of-works/ |access-date=23 November 2025 }}</ref> Jan De Maeseneer (''Birth of Time Echoes'', 2019),<ref name="4br-echoes">{{Cite web |last=Fox |first=Iwan |title=CD review: The Birth of Time Echoes |work=4 Bars Rest |date=18 April 2020 |url= https://www.4barsrest.com/reviews/products/cd666.asp |access-date=23 November 2025 }}</ref> Jeffrey Kaufman (''Essay'', 2023),<ref name="4br-white-strings"/> [[Jan Van der Roost]] (2024), [[Thierry Deleruyelle]] (''Horngold'', 2024), and [[Edward Gregson]] (''Three Gods'', 2024).<ref name="4br-paradox"/>

==References==

{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==

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{{ubli
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  | {{Cite Q|Q136911157|last=Miller   |date=2014 |first=RJ}}
  | {{Cite Q|Q116480763|last=Myers    |date=2000 |chapter=Instruments and Instrumentation |first=Arnold |editor-last=Herbert |editor-first=Trevor |publication-place=unset}}
  | {{Cite Q|Q135963380|last=O'Connor |date=2007 |first=Michael |chapter=A Short History of the Euphonium and Baritone Horn |editor1-last=Bone |editor1-first=Lloyd E. |editor2-last=Paull |editor2-first=Eric |editor3-last=Morris |editor3-first=R. Winston |editor3-link=R. Winston Morris |pages=1–18}}
  | {{Cite Q|Q136465477|last=Pirtle   |date=2002 |chapter=The evolution of the bugle |first=Scooter |editor-last=Vickers |editor-first=Steve }}
  | {{Cite Q|Q111040546|last=Yeo      |date=2021 |first=Douglas |author-link=Douglas Yeo}}
}}
{{refend}}

==External links==

*{{Commons-inline}}
*[https://www.hornmatters.com/2008/01/new-tenor-hornalto-horn-page/ A Tenor Horn/Alto Horn FAQ]—John Ericson

{{Brass instruments}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Brass instruments]]
[[Category:E-flat instruments]]
[[Category:Horns]]
[[Category:Concert band instruments]]