View source for Teen Age Message

{{short description|Series of interstellar radio transmissions}}
{{Infobox news event
| title                    = Teen Age Message
| image_name               = 70-м антенна П-2500 (РТ-70).jpg
| image_size               = 250px
| caption                  = [[Yevpatoria RT-70 radio telescope|Yevpatoria 70-m dish P-2500]]
| date                     = {{start date|2001|08|29}}–<br />{{End date|2001|09|04}}
| place                    = [[Yevpatoria Planetary Radar]], [[Yevpatoria]], [[Crimea]], [[Ukraine]]
| coordinates              = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LON|region:XXXX_type:event|display=inline,title}} -->
| also known as            = 
| participants             = [[Aleksandr Leonidovich Zaitsev|Alexander Zaitsev]] ''et al.''
| outcome                  = 
| website                  = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
}}

The '''Teen Age Message''' ('''TAM''') was a series of interstellar radio transmissions sent from the [[Yevpatoria Planetary Radar]] to six [[Solar analog|solar-type stars]] during August–September 2001. The structure of the TAM was suggested by [[Aleksandr Leonidovich Zaitsev|Alexander Zaitsev]], Chief Scientist at Russia's [[Institute of Radio-engineering and Electronics]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Grinspoon |first=David |url=http://seedmagazine.com/content/article/who_speaks_for_earth/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090711205859/http://seedmagazine.com/content/article/who_speaks_for_earth |url-status=unfit |archive-date=2009-07-11 |title=Who Speaks for Earth? |publisher=Seedmagazine.com |date=2007-12-12 |access-date=2012-08-21}}</ref> The message's content and target stars were selected by a group of teens from four Russian cities, who collaborated in person and via the Internet.<ref name="Zaitsev">{{cite web|url=http://www.cplire.ru/html/ra&sr/irm/teen-age-message.html |last=Zaitsev |first=Alexander |title=A Teen-Age Message to the Stars |publisher=Cplire.ru |date=2002-03-18 |access-date=2012-08-21}}</ref> Each transmission comprised three sections: a [[automatic sounding|sounding]], a live [[theremin]] concert, and digital data including images and text. TAM was humanity's fourth [[Active SETI]] broadcast and the first musical interstellar radio message.<ref name="springerlink.com">{{cite journal|last=Zaitsev |first=A.L. |title=Journal of Communications Technology and Electronics, Volume 53, Number 9 |publisher=SpringerLink |doi=10.1134/S106422690809012X |volume=53 |journal=Journal of Communications Technology and Electronics |pages=1107–1113|s2cid=119435654 }}</ref>

==Overview==
Zaitsev's proposal for a musical message – the "First [[Theremin]] Concert for Extraterrestrials" – was submitted to the [[Arecibo Observatory]] in July 2000. It was rejected amid concerns over the dangers posed by advertising the presence of humanity to unknown and possibly highly advanced civilizations. After another unsuccessful attempt to garner support, the project was backed by the [[Yevpatoria RT-70 radio telescope]] with funding from the Education Department of Moscow.<ref name="cplire1">{{cite web|url=http://www.cplire.ru/html/ra&sr/irm/Theremin-concert.html |last=Zaitsev |first=Alexander |title=Design and Implementation of the 1st Theremin Concert for Aliens |publisher=Cplire.ru |date=17 March 2002 |access-date=2012-08-21}}</ref> Unlike the previous digital-only messages [[Arecibo message|Arecibo-1974]] and [[Cosmic Call 1]], TAM had a three-part structure, each containing different forms of [[information]]. Such structure was suggested by Alexander Zaitsev, and was intended to make the message easier to detect and interpret.<ref>[http://www.cplire.ru/html/ra&sr/irm/radio-signals.html RADIO SIGNALS TO EXTRATERRESTRIALS]{{full citation needed|date=November 2012}}</ref> The three elements of each transmission were:

# A coherent [[automatic sounding|sounding]] signal with slow [[Doppler effect|Doppler]] wavelength tuning to imitate transmission from the Sun's center. This signal was transmitted in order to help [[extraterrestrials]] detect the TAM and diagnose the radio propagation effect of the [[interstellar medium]].<ref name="housenet1"/>
# Analog sound output from a [[theremin]]. This electric musical instrument produces a quasi-sinusoidal signal which is easily extracted from background noise. There were seven musical compositions in the "First Theremin Concert for Extraterrestrials".<ref name="Theremin World">{{cite web|url=http://www.thereminworld.com/Article/13825/2001-tams-first-theremin-concert-to-space-aliens-featured-ly |title=2001: TAM's First Theremin Concert to Space Aliens Featured Lydia Kavina |publisher=Theremin World |access-date=2012-08-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=How to communicate with aliens|url=http://www.pravda.ru/science/planet/space/09-06-2009/313582-meti-0/|publisher=pravda.ru|access-date=31 August 2012|language=ru|date=9 June 2009}}</ref>
# Binary digital information similar to the Arecibo message, including the logotype of TAM, written greetings in Russian and English, and artistic drawings. This section and the concert program were composed by teens from different parts of Russia.<ref name="Zaitsev"/>

==Theremin concert==
[[File:Teen Age Message 7 of 8.jpg|thumb|Anton Kershenko plays the theremin with a student]]
According to Zaitsev, [[art]] must be central to any interstellar message. Physical laws and mathematics are almost certainly already known to extraterrestrial intelligences, but our artwork is unique to us.<ref name="cplire1"/> With this in mind, and in contrast to previous binary digital broadcasts, Zatsev proposed "not a discrete two-tone radio signal but a more native continuous one, in which smooth frequency variations directly transfer one-dimensional emotional information. I am talking about music, which is more universally comprehensible than language, and about theremin, which is an electronic noncontact musical instrument."<ref name="housenet1">{{cite web |url=http://www.seti.housenet.org/msg_idx_tam.html |title=The TAM (Teen-Age Message) |publisher=seti.housenet.org |access-date=21 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011027081933/http://www.seti.housenet.org/msg_idx_tam.html |archive-date=27 October 2001 }}</ref>

Three theremin performers from the Moscow [[Theremin Center]] – [[Lydia Kavina]], Yana Aksenova, and Anton Kerchenko – were invited to perform seven songs selected by students.<ref name="Theremin World"/> The program included two [[Russian folk songs]] and works by [[Beethoven]], [[Antonio Vivaldi|Vivaldi]], [[Saint-Saëns]], [[Rakhmaninov]], and [[Gershwin]]. Kavina submitted recordings of her performance, but Aksenova and Kerchenko performed live – the radar dish had been specially modified to accept input from theremins. Each performance lasted about fifteen minutes.<ref name="cplire1"/> The First Theremin Concert for Extraterrestrials was the world's first musical [[Active SETI]] broadcast, and was sent seven years before NASA's [[Across the Universe (message)|Across the Universe]] message.<ref name="springerlink.com"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Highfield|first=Roger|title=Nasa to beam Beatles' track across space|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/3323919/Nasa-to-beam-Beatles-track-across-space.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091218051305/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/3323919/Nasa-to-beam-Beatles-track-across-space.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 December 2009|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]|access-date=31 August 2012|date=1 Feb 2008}}
</ref>

[[File:Sonograms.jpg|Sonograms]]

''Sonograms (frequency variations) of 40-second pieces of three musical compositions from The First Theremin Concert: (from left to right) the last movement of the 9th Symphony by Beethoven, “The Swan” by Saint-Saens, and “Summertime” by Gershwin.''

[[Single-sideband modulation|Single-side band]] (SSB) modulation was used for up-conversion of the Theremin's analog audio signals to carrier frequency 5010&nbsp;MHz (6&nbsp;cm wavelength) for sending toward the target stars.

==Targets==
The target stars were:<ref name="housenet1"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Zaitsev|first=A.L.|title=Transmission and retrieval intelligent signals in the universe|url=http://www.cplire.ru/rus/ra%26sr/VAK-2004.html|work=Report on the Russian astronomical conference VAK-2004 "Horizons of the Universe"|publisher=Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics|access-date=31 August 2012|location=Moscow|language=ru|date=7 June 2004|archive-date=10 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210090149/http://www.cplire.ru/rus/ra%26sr/VAK-2004.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! scope="col" | [[Henry Draper Catalogue|HD designation]]
! scope="col" | Constellation
! scope="col" | Distance ([[light year|ly]])
! scope="col" | [[Spectral type]]
! scope="col" | Signal power ([[kW]])
! scope="col" | Date sent
! scope="col" | Arrival date
|-
|[[HD 197076]]
|[[Delphinus]]
|68.5
|G5V
|126
|August 29, 2001
|February 2070
|-
|[[47 Ursae Majoris|HD 95128]]
|[[Ursa Major]]
|45.9
|G0V
|96
|September 3, 2001
|July 2047
|-
|[[37 Geminorum|HD 50692]]
|[[Gemini (constellation)|Gemini]]
|56.3
|G0V
|96
|September 3, 2001
|December 2057
|-
|[[HD 126053]]
|[[Virgo (constellation)|Virgo]]
|57.4
|G1V
|96
|September 3, 2001
|January 2059
|-
|[[HD 76151]]
|[[Hydra (constellation)|Hydra]]
|55.7
|G2V
|96
|September 4, 2001
|May 2057
|-
|[[HD 193664]]
|[[Draco (constellation)|Draco]]
|57.4
|G3V
|96
|September 4, 2001
|January 2059
|}

==See also==
*[[Across the Universe (message)]]
*[[Communication with extraterrestrial intelligence]]
*[[List of interstellar radio messages]]
*[[Search for extraterrestrial intelligence]]
*[[The Morse Message (1962)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite web|title=NASA beaming Beatles tune to the stars|date=February 2008|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna22951001|publisher=[[NBC News]]|access-date=31 August 2012}}
* {{cite web|last=Cooper|first=Keith|title=SETI: Cosmic Call|url=http://www.astronomynow.com/news/n1005/03seti6a/|publisher=[[Astronomy Now]]|access-date=31 August 2012|date=3 May 2010}}
*  {{cite web|last=Jones|first=Morris|title=Astronomer Speaks Up For ET|url=http://www.spacedaily.com/news/seti-02b.html|publisher=Space Daily|access-date=31 August 2012|location=Sydney|date=29 September 2002}}

==External links==
* [https://www.fourmilab.ch/goldberg/setimsg.html Self-Decoding Messages]
* [http://www.setileague.org/articles/tam.htm A Teen-Age Message to the Stars]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170118162742/http://fire.relarn.ru/126/docs/iac_07_a4_2.02.pdf Sending and Searching for Interstellar Messages]
* [https://sites.google.com/site/messagingtoeti/Home/theremin-s-melodies Listen to six Theremin melodies as recorded for the Theremin concert]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20020607014129fw_/http://www.seti.housenet.org/tamapp/tam_sonogram.html Audio clip of the Gershwin melody played on theremin]

{{Interstellar messages}}

[[Category:Interstellar messages]]
[[Category:Search for extraterrestrial intelligence]]
[[Category:Time capsules]]
[[Category:Technology in society]]
[[Category:2001 in Ukraine]]
[[Category:2001 in science]]
[[Category:Léon Theremin]]