View source for Tayyibi Isma'ilism

{{Short description|Sect of Shīa Islam}}
{{Ismailism|Leaders}} 
'''Tayyibi Isma'ilism''' ({{Langx|ar|الطيبية|translit=al-Ṭayyibiyya}}) is the only surviving sect of the [[Musta'li Ismailism|Musta'li]] branch of [[Isma'ilism]], the other being the extinct [[Hafizi Isma'ilism|Hafizi]] branch. Followers of Tayyibi Isma'ilism are found in various Bohra communities: [[Dawoodi Bohra|Dawoodi]], [[Sulaymani]], and [[Alavi Bohras|Alavi]].

The Tayyibi originally split from the [[Fatimid Caliphate]]-supporting [[Hafizi Isma'ilism|Hafizi]] branch by supporting the right of [[at-Tayyib Abu'l-Qasim]] to the [[Imamate in Ismaili doctrine|Imamate]].

==History==
Upon the death of the twentieth Imam, [[al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah]] (d. {{AH|524}}), his new born child [[at-Tayyib Abu'l-Qasim]] (b. {{AH|524}}) was appointed the twenty-first Imam. As he was not in a position to run the [[Dawah]], the Queen [[Arwa al-Sulayhi]], his Hujjah or proof, established the office of the [[Da'i al-Mutlaq]], who acted on his behalf. The Da'i al-Mutlaq had now been given absolute authority and made independent from political activity.

=== Da'i al-Mutlaq Dhu'ayb ibn Musa ===
Da'i al-Mutlaq [[Dhu'ayb ibn Musa|Zoeb bin Moosa]] used to live in and died in Huth, Yemen. His ''ma'zoon'' ("associate") was Khattab bin Hasan. After the death of [[List of Dai of the Dawoodi Bohra#The Walī-ul-Hind|Abdullah]], Zoeb bin Moosa appointed Yaqub as the [[wali]] ("representative" or "caretaker") of the Tayyibi organization ("dawah") in India. Yaqub was the first person of Indian origin to receive this honor. He was the son of Bharmal, minister of the [[Chaulukya dynasty|Chaulukya]] king [[Jayasimha Siddharaja]]. Fakhruddin, son of Tarmal also another minister, was sent to western [[Rajasthan]]. One Da'i al mutlaq after another continued until the twenty-fourth Da'i al mutlaq, [[Yusuf Najmuddin I|Yusuf Najmuddin ibn Sulaiman]], in Yemen. Due to persecution by the local Zaidi ruler, the dawah then shifted to India under the twenty-fifth Da'i al mutlaq, Syedna Jalal Shamsuddin bin Hasan in 1567.

===Sulaymani-Dawoodi-Alavi split===
In 1592, the Tayyibi broke into two factions in a dispute over who should become the twenty-seventh Da'i al mutlaq: [[Dawood Bin Qutubshah]] or [[Sulayman bin Hassan]].  The followers of the former, primarily in India, became the [[Dawoodi Bohra]], the latter the [[Sulaymani]] of Yemen. In 1621, the [[Alavi Bohras|Alavi Bohra]] split from the Dawoodi Bohra community.

There is also a community of [[Sunni Bohra]] in India. In the fifteenth century, there was a schism in the Bohra community of Patan in Gujarat as a large number converted from Mustaali Ismaili Shia Islam to mainstream Hanafi Sunni Islam. The leader of this conversion movement to Sunni was Syed Jafar Ahmad Shirazi who also had the support of the  governor of Gujarat. Thus this new group is known as Jafari Bohras, Patani Bohras or [[Sunni Bohra]]. Syed Jafar Ahmad Shirazi convinced the Patani Bohras to cease social relations with Ismaili Bohras. The cumulative results of these pressures resulted in a large number of Bohras converting from Shia Ismaili fiqh to Sunni Hanafi fiqh.

The [[Hebtiahs Bohra]] was a branch of Mustaali Ismaili Shi'a Islam that broke off from the mainstream Dawoodi Bohra after the death of the 39th Da'i al-Mutlaq in 1754. The [[Atba-e-Malak]] community are a branch of Mustaali Ismaili Shi'a Islam that broke off from the mainstream Dawoodi Bohra after the death of the 46th Da'i al-Mutlaq, under the leadership of Abdul Hussain Jivaji in 1840. They have further split into two more branches, the [[Atba-e-Malak Badar]] and [[Atba-e-Malak Vakil]]. The [[Progressive Dawoodi Bohra]] is a reformist sect within Mustaali Ismai'li Shi'a Islam that broke off circa 1977. They disagree with mainstream Dawoodi Bohra, as led by the Da'i al-Mutlaq, on doctrinal, economic and social issues.

At present, the largest Tayyibi faction/sub-sect is the [[Dawoodi Bohra]], whose current leader is Syedna [[Mufaddal Saifuddin]]. [[Taher Fakhruddin]] is also a claimant to the title of Dai al Mutlaq since 2016, although it is widely accepted that Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin is the leader of the Dawoodi Bohras, in all aspects and administration.

[[File:Branch of Shi'a Islam.png|800px|thumb|center|Note: Kaysani's Imam  Hanafiyyah is descendant of Ali from Ali's  wife [[Khawlah bint Ja'far|Khawlah]]]]

==References==
*''The Ismaili, their history and doctrine'' by [[Farhad Daftary]]
*''Religion, learning and science'' by Lathan Young
*''Medieval Islamic Civilisation'' by Joseph W. Meri, Bacharach
*''Sayyida Hurra: The Isma‘ili Sulayhid Queen of Yemen'' by [[Farhad Daftary]]
*The ''Uyun al-akhbar'' is the most complete text written by an Ismaili/Tayyibi/Dawoodi 19th Dai Sayyedna Idris bin Hasan on the history of the Ismaili community from its origins up to the 12th century CE. period of the Fatimid caliphs al-Mustansir (d. 487 AH / 1094 AD), the time of Musta‘lian rulers including al-Musta‘li (d. 495 AH / 1102 AD) and al-Amir (d. 526 AH / 1132 AD), and then the Tayyibi Ismaili community in Yemen.

==External links==
* [http://www.ismaili.net/histoire/history05/history580.html The Hafizids and Tayyibids]
* [http://www.alavibohra.org/imam%20taiyeb%20history.htm Abul Qaasim Maulaana Imaam Taiyeb (as) - The noor and rehmat of Haqq]
* [https://www.islamawareness.net/Deviant/Ismailis/ismailis.html History of Ismailis]
* [https://ismailignosis.com/2014/07/05/what-is-shia-islam-a-visual-chart-of-different-shia-communities/ A visual chart of different Shia communities]
* [http://www.ismaili.net/Source/0892/postfat.html The post-Fatimid period]
* [http://heritage.ismaili.net/drupal5/node/29345 Doctrine of the Tayyibis]

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{{Islam topics|state=collapsed}}
{{Shia Imams}}
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[[Category:Tayyibi Isma'ilism| ]]