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{{Short description|Militant faction of the Palestinian Fatah movement}}
{{For|the Lebanese Christian militia|Al-Tanzim}}
{{Update|date=January 2025}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name        = Tanzim
| native_name      = التنظيم Al-Tanẓīm
| image            = 
| caption          = 
| dates            = Founded in 1995
| country          = Palestine
| allegiance       = [[Fatah]]
| branch           = 
| type             = Militant faction
| role             = Community-level operations
| size             = 
| command_structure= 
| current_commander= Led by [[Marwan Barghouti]] (serving life sentences for murder in Israel)
| garrison         = 
| garrison_label   = 
| nickname         = 
| patron           = 
| motto            = 
| colors           = 
| march            = 
| mascot           = 
| battles          = [[Second Intifada]]
| anniversaries    = 
| decorations      = 
| battle_honours   =
}}

'''''Tanzim''''' ({{langx|ar|التنظيم}} ''{{Transliteration|ar|ALA-LC|Al-Tanẓīm}}'', "The Organization") is a militant faction of the Palestinian [[Fatah]] movement.

Led by [[Marwan Barghouti]], who is serving life sentences for murder in [[Israel]], it gained prominence during the [[Second Intifada]]. Tanzim operates at the community level and has significantly pulled Palestinian support from Islamist groups. It has participated in violent acts against both military and civilian targets, and some of its members have even conducted [[Palestinian suicide attacks|suicide bombings]].

==Overview==
The Tanzim militia, founded in 1995 by [[Yasser Arafat]] and other [[Fatah]] leaders to counter Palestinian [[Islamism]],<ref name=agateway>{{cite web|title=Palestinian Organizations|url=http://www.al-bab.com/arab/countries/palestine/orgs4.htm#Tanzim|publisher=Arab Gateway|accessdate=18 November 2012|archive-date=30 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930012612/http://www.al-bab.com/arab/countries/palestine/orgs4.htm#Tanzim|url-status=dead}}</ref> is widely considered to be an armed offshoot of Fatah with its own leadership structure. The acknowledged head of the Tanzim is [[Marwan Barghouti]], who (as of 2017) is serving five consecutive life sentences in Israel for murder.<ref name="crsfac">{{CRS| article=Palestinian Factions |url=http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RS21235.pdf}}</ref>

The Tanzim is a grass roots organization that operates at the community level. By taking a hardline position against Israel, it has helped siphon Palestinian support from the Islamist groups to the [[Palestinian Authority]] and [[PLO]] leadership.<ref name="crsfac"/>

Tanzim came to prominence in the street fighting which marked the beginning of the [[Second Intifada|second Palestinian Intifada]]. Its members tend to be younger than those of other Fatah factions, often having grown up in the post-Oslo era. Many Tanzim members have joined the [[al-Shaid Yasser Arafat Brigades]] (formerly the ''al Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades''). Tanzim has also recruited female [[suicide bomber]]s, including [[Andaleeb Takatka]], a 20-year-old [[Bethlehem]] woman who detonated an explosive belt at a [[Jerusalem]] bus stop in April 2002, killing six Israeli civilians, and injuring sixty.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}  [[Marwan Barghouti]], widely described as heading Tanzim, explicitly condemned terror attacks within Israel, writing "While I, and the Fatah movement to which I belong, strongly oppose attacks and the targeting of civilians inside Israel, our future neighbor, I reserve the right to protect myself, to resist the Israeli occupation of my country and to fight for my freedom."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://electronicintifada.net/content/want-security-end-occupation/4796|title = Want Security? End the Occupation|date = 26 September 2003}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=January 2025}}

At the beginning of the [[Second Intifada]], [[Hussein Abayat]], leader of Tanzim in [[Beit Sahur]], was killed in a helicopter attack by the IDF on 9 November 2000. The operation is considered the first time that Israel publicly acknowledged conducting a [[Targeted killing by Israel|targeted killing]].<ref name="Telegraph">{{cite news |last1=Philps |first1=Alan |title=Israeli rocket kills Fatah militant |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/1373950/Israeli-rocket-kills-Fatah-militant.html |access-date=7 December 2023 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |date=2000-11-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Richburg |first1=Keith |title=Israelis Kill Arab Militia Official |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2000/11/10/israelis-kill-arab-militia-official/e3c8cbc1-abcd-43de-9a50-40007bc14668/ |access-date=7 December 2023 |work=[[Washington Post]] |date=2000-11-10}}</ref> Abayat's assistant Khaled Salahat was severely wounded in the strike.<ref name="Telegraph" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Goldenberg |first1=Suzanne |title=Public death for 'collaborators' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/jan/15/israel |access-date=7 December 2023 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=2001-01-14}}</ref>

On 15 February 2015, the Israeli army arrested [[Jamal Abu Lel]], charging that he was "the head of" the Tanzim "terrorist organization," running it from the [[Kalandia|Qalandiya]] refugee camp while carrying an Israeli permanent resident identity card<ref name=TOI20160215>{{cite news|title=Israel arrests head of Fatah-aligned terror group|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-arrests-head-of-fatah-aligned-terror-group/|accessdate=15 February 2016|work=[[The Times of Israel]]|publisher=The Times of Israel Ltd.|date=15 February 2016}}</ref> due to his residing in [[Kfar Aqab]], on the other side of the [[Atarot Airport|Jerusalem Airport]] from Qalandiya.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gross|first1=Judah|title=Israel arrests head of Fatah armed wing|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/israel-arrests-head-of-fatah-armed-wing/|accessdate=15 February 2016|work=[[The Times of Israel]]|publisher=The Times of Israel Ltd.|date=15 February 2016}}</ref> Abu Lel is accused by the [[Shin Bet]] of funding and directing terrorist and shooting attacks against Israelis.<ref name=TOI20160215 />

== Attacks against military and civilian targets ==
{{More citations needed section|date=August 2022}}
Fatah Tanzim have conducted a number of attacks against Israeli civilians and military, including against women and children. Below is a partial list of terrorist attacks:<ref>{{cite book|title=Chronologies of Modern Terrorism|author= Barry Rubin, Judith Colp Rubin|publisher=Routledge|date=2015-01-28}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Date of attack !! Attack description
! Reference
|-
| 19 April 1998 || Fatah terrorists kill an American Israeli farmer on the Ma’on farm near Hebron.
|
|-
| 14 January 2001 || Fatah and Hamas claim responsibility for the murder of an Israeli whose body was found in agricultural hothouses in the Gaza Strip.
|
|-
| 17 January 2001 || Three Fatah Tanzim gunmen [[Murder of Ofir Rahum|murder a 16-year-old Israeli boy]] who is lured on the internet by a Palestinian woman posing as an American
|
|-
| 25 January 2001 || Fatah Tanzim militants kill an Israeli in Atarot
|
|-
| 1 February 2001 || Fatah Tanzim shoot and kill an Israeli driver
|
|-
| 11 February 2001 || Fatah Tanzim shoot and kill an Israeli driver
|
|-
| 26 March 2001 || [[Murder of Shalhevet Pass]]: A 10-month-old Israeli baby is shot by a sniper from Fatah Tanzim
|
|-
| 15 May 2001 || Three Israeli family members are shot and killed by Fatah Tanzim militants while driving on the Alon highway
|
|-
| 18 May 2001 || Fatah Tanzim shoot and kill an Israeli and his mother on a road north of Jerusalem
|
|-
| 23 May 2001 || Fatah Tanzim shoot and kill an Israeli motorist outside Ariel
|
|-
| 25 May 2001 || The burned buried body of an Israeli victim of Fatah is discovered
|
|-
| 31 May 2001 || Fatah Tanzim terrorists shoot and kill an Israeli north of Tulkarem
|
|-
| 12 June 2001 || Fatah Tanzim [[Murder of Georgios Tsibouktzakis]] 
|
|-
| 18 June 2001 || A Fatah assassin kills an Israeli motorist by gunfire near Tulkarem
|
|-
| 20 June 2001 || A Fatah Tanzim terrorist kills with gunfire an Israeli who had gone to visit a Palestinian business partner in Silat a-Dahar
|
|-
| 12 July 2001 || Four Fatah Tanzim terrorists shoot and kill an Israeli driver outside Kiryat Arba
|
|-
| 13 July 2001 || Fatah Tanzim terrorists kill an official investigating the site of a deadly shooting the previous day
|
|-
| 26 July 2001 || Fatah Tanzim shoot and kill an Israeli driver near Givat Ze’ev
|
|-
| 12 December 2001 || [[2001 Immanuel bus attack]] Fatah and Hamas claim responsibility for an attack on an Israeli bus that kill 11
|
|-
| 15 January 2002 || Fatah Tanzim terrorists shoot and kill a 45-year-old Israeli woman at a gas station near Givat Ze’ev
|
|-
| 16 January 2002 || Fatah Tanzim terrorists shoot and kill an Arab resident of Beit Hanina, having mistaken her for a Jewish Israeli
|
|-
| 27 January 2002 || A female Fatah terrorist kills one and wounds 150 people in a suicide bomb attack in Jerusalem
|
|-
| 6 February 2002 || Fatah and Hamas claim responsibility for the murder of an 11-year-old daughter and her mother in Moshav Hamra
|
|-
| 9 February 2002 || Fatah Tanzim terrorists shoot and kill an Israeli female driver and injure her son
|
|-
| 27 February 2002 || Two Fatah groups claim responsibility for a shooting attack conducted by a Palestinian worker against his employer in Atarot
|
|-
| 11 May 2003 || Fatah and PFLP claim responsibility for a shooting attack that kills an Israeli motorist near Ofra
|
|-
| 17 April 2004 || Fatah and Hamas claim responsibility for a suicide attack in the Erez crossing that kills one and injures three border guards
|
|-
| 2 May 2004 || Fatah and Islamic Jihad claim joint responsibility for an gunfire attack that kills four daughters and her mother while driving
|
|-
| 12 August 2004 || A Fatah Tanzim terrorist kills six Israeli border guards, two Palestinian civilians, and injures 12 Palestinians by detonating a suicide bomb in Kalandiyah.
|
|-
| 24 June 2005 || Fatah and Islamic Jihad terrorists shoot and kill two Israelis near Hebron
|
|}

==See also==
*[[Palestinian political violence]]
*[[Second Palestinian Uprising]]
*[[Palestinian right of armed resistance]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/fatah-tanzim.htm Fatah Tanzim] at GlobalSecurity.org

{{Fatah}}

[[Category:Anti-Israeli sentiment in Palestine]]
[[Category:Fatah]]
[[Category:Palestinian militant groups]]
[[Category:Military wings of socialist parties]]
[[Category:Defunct Palestinian militant groups]]
[[Category:1995 establishments in Palestine]]
[[Category:Organizations designated as terrorist by Israel]]