View source for Tanager

{{Short description|Family of birds}}
{{For|the Italian river known in Latin as Tanager|Tanagro}}
{{Other uses|Tanager (disambiguation)}}
{{distinguish|Tangier}}
{{Use American English|date=July 2014}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Tanagers
| image = Thraupidae Diversity.jpg
| taxon = Thraupidae
| authority = [[Jean Cabanis|Cabanis]], 1847
| type_genus = ''[[Thraupis]]''
| type_genus_authority = [[Friedrich Boie|Boie, F.]], 1826 
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision  = Many: see text

| range_map = Thraupidae map.svg
}}
The '''tanagers''' (singular {{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|æ|n|ə|dʒ|ər}}) comprise the bird [[family (biology)|family]] '''Thraupidae''', in the order [[Passeriformes]]. The family has a [[Neotropical]] distribution and is the second-largest family of birds. It represents about 4% of all avian species and 12% of the [[Neotropical]] birds.<ref name=burns2014/>

Traditionally, the family contained around 240 species of mostly brightly colored fruit-eating birds.<ref>{{ cite book | last=Storer | first=Robert W. | author-link=Robert W. Storer | chapter=Subfamily Thraupinae | editor-last=Paynter | editor-first=Raymond A. Jr | year=1970 | title=Check-List of Birds of the World | volume=13 | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | pages=246–408 | chapter-url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14483481 }}</ref> As more of these birds were studied using modern molecular techniques, it became apparent that the traditional families were not [[monophyletic]]. ''[[Euphonia]]'' and ''[[Chlorophonia]]'', which were once considered part of the tanager family, are now treated as members of the [[Fringillidae]], in their own subfamily ([[Euphoniinae]]). Likewise, the genera ''[[Piranga]]'' (which includes the [[scarlet tanager]], [[summer tanager]], and [[western tanager]]), ''[[Chlorothraupis]]'', and ''[[Habia (bird)|Habia]]'' appear to be members of the family [[Cardinalidae]],<ref name= YM2002>{{cite journal|last1=Yuri|first1=T.|last2=Mindell|first2=D. P.|title=Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Fringillidae, "New World nine-primaried oscines" (Aves: Passeriformes)|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution| volume= 23| issue= 2|date= May 2002|pages= 229–243| doi= 10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00012-X| pmid=12069553|bibcode=2002MolPE..23..229Y }}</ref> and have been reassigned to that family by the [[American Ornithological Society]].<ref>{{cite web | publisher=American Ornithological Society | url=http://checklist.aou.org/taxa/3008 | title=Family: Cardinalidae | access-date=Feb 1, 2019}}</ref>
{{TOC limit|3}}

==Description==
Tanagers are small to medium-sized birds. The shortest-bodied species, the [[white-eared conebill]], is {{convert|9|cm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and weighs {{convert|6|g|sigfig=1|abbr=on}}, barely smaller than the [[short-billed honeycreeper]]. The longest, the [[magpie tanager]] is {{convert|28|cm|in|abbr=on}} and weighs {{convert|76|g|abbr=on}}. The heaviest is the [[white-capped tanager]], which weighs {{convert|114|g|sigfig=3|abbr=on}} and measures about {{convert|24|cm|in|abbr=on}}. Both sexes are usually the same size and weight.

Tanagers are often brightly colored, but some species are black and white.  Males are typically more brightly colored than females and juveniles.   Most tanagers have short, rounded wings. The shape of the [[beak|bill]] seems to be linked to the species' [[foraging]] habits.

==Distribution==
Tanagers are restricted to the [[Western Hemisphere]] and mainly to the [[tropics]]. About 60% of tanagers live in South America, and 30% of these species live in the [[Andes]]. Most species are [[Endemic (ecology)|endemic]] to a relatively small area.

==Behavior==
Most tanagers live in pairs or in small groups of three to five individuals. These groups may consist simply of parents and their offspring. These birds may also be seen in single-species or mixed flocks. Many tanagers are thought to have dull [[bird call|songs]], though some are elaborate.{{Citation needed|date=January 2014}}

===Diet===
Tanagers are [[omnivorous]], and their diets vary by genus. They have been seen eating [[fruit]]s, [[seed]]s, [[nectar]], flower parts, and [[insect]]s. Many pick insects off branches or from holes in the wood. Other species look for insects on the undersides of leaves. Yet others wait on branches until they see a flying insect and catch it in the air. Many of these particular species inhabit the same areas, but these specializations alleviate competition.

===Breeding===
The breeding season is March through June in temperate areas and in September through October in [[South America]]. Some species are territorial, while others build their nests closer together. Little information is available on tanager breeding behavior. Males show off their brightest feathers to potential mates and rival males. Some species' courtship rituals involve bowing and tail lifting.

Most tanagers build [[cup nest]]s on branches in trees. Some [[Bird nest|nests]] are almost globular. Entrances are usually built on the side of the nest. The nests can be shallow or deep. The species of the tree in which they choose to build their nests and the nests' positions vary among genera. Most species nest in an area hidden by very dense vegetation. No information is yet known regarding the nests of some species.

The [[clutch (eggs)|clutch]] size is three to five [[Bird egg|eggs]]. The female incubates the eggs and builds the nest, but the male may feed the female while she incubates. Both sexes feed the young. Five species have [[Helpers at the nest|helpers]] assist in feeding the young. These helpers are thought to be the previous year's nestlings.

==Taxonomy==
The family Thraupidae was introduced (as the subfamily Thraupinae) in 1847 by German ornithologist [[Jean Cabanis]]. The [[type genus]] is ''[[Thraupis]]''.<ref>{{ cite journal | last=Cabanis | first=Jean | author-link=Jean Cabanis | year=1847 | title=Ornithologische Notizen | language=de | journal=Archiv für Naturgeschichte | volume=13  | pages=186–256; 308–352 [316] | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7251398 }}</ref><ref>{{ cite journal | last=Melville | first=R.V. |  year=1977 | title=Opinion 1069 Correction of entry in official list of family-group names in zoology for name number 428 (Thraupidae) | journal=Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature | volume=33 | issue=3/4 | pages=162–164 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12226117 }}</ref>

The family Thraupidae is a member of an assemblage of over 800 birds known as the [[Nine-primaried oscine|New World, nine-primaried oscines]]. The traditional pre-molecular classification was largely based on the different feeding specializations. Nectar-feeders were placed in Coerebidae (honeycreepers), large-billed seed-eaters in Cardinalidae (cardinals and grosbeaks), smaller-billed seed-eaters in Emberizidae (New World finches and sparrows), ground-foraging insect-eaters in Icteridae (blackbirds) and fruit-eaters in Thraupidae.<ref name=burns2014/> This classification was known to be problematic as analyses using other morphological characteristics often produced conflicting phylogenies.<ref name=klicka2007/> Beginning in the last decade of the 20th century, a series of [[molecular phylogenetic]] studies led to a complete reorganization of the traditional families. Thraupidae now includes large-billed seed eaters, thin-billed nectar feeders, and foliage gleaners as well as fruit-eaters.<ref name=burns2014/>

One consequence of redefining the family boundaries is that for many species their common names are no longer congruent with the families in which they are placed. As of July 2020 there are 39 species with "tanager" in the common name that are not placed in Thraupidae. These include the widely distributed [[scarlet tanager]] and [[western tanager]], which are both now placed in [[Cardinalidae]]. There are also 106 species within Thraupidae that have "finch" in their common name.<ref name=ioc/>

A [[molecular phylogenetic]] study published in 2014 revealed that many of the traditional genera were not [[monophyletic]].<ref name=burns2014>{{cite journal| last1=Burns | first1=K.J. | last2=Shultz | first2=A.J. | last3=Title | first3=P.O. | last4=Mason | first4=N.A. | last5=Barker | first5=F.K. | last6=Klicka | first6=J. | last7=Lanyon | first7=S.M. | last8=Lovette | first8=I.J. | year=2014 | title=Phylogenetics and diversification of tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae), the largest radiation of Neotropical songbirds | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution| volume=75| pages=41–77 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2014.02.006 | pmid=24583021 | bibcode=2014MolPE..75...41B | url=https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3613&context=biosci_pubs | url-access=subscription }}</ref> In the resulting reorganization six new genera were introduced, eleven genera were resurrected, and seven genera were abandoned.<ref name=burns2016>{{ cite journal | last1=Burns | first1=K.J. | last2=Unitt | first2=P. | last3=Mason | first3=N.A. | year=2016 | title=A genus-level classification of the family Thraupidae (Class Aves: Order Passeriformes) | journal=Zootaxa | volume=4088 | issue=3 | pages=329–354 | doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4088.3.2 | pmid=27394344 }}</ref><ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela C. Rasmussen | date=February 2025 | title=Tanagers and allies | work=IOC World Bird List Version 15.1 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/tanagers/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=23 March 2025 }}</ref>

As of March 2025 the family contains 393 species which are divided into 15 [[subfamilies]] and 105 genera.<ref name=burns2014/><ref name=ioc/> For a complete list, see the article [[List of tanager species]].

===List of genera===
====Catamblyrhynchinae====
The plushcap has no close relatives and is now placed in its own subfamily. It was previously placed either in the subfamily Catamblyrhynchinae within the Emberizidae or in its own family Catamblyrhynchidae.<ref name=burns2014/>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Image !! Genus !! Species
|-
|[[File:Plush-capped Finch - Colombia S4E1689 (22623276893).jpg|150px]] ||''[[Catamblyrhynchus]]'' {{small|Lafresnaye, 1842}} ||
* [[Plushcap]] – ''Catamblyrhynchus diadema''
|-
|}

====Charitospizinae====
The coal-crested finch is endemic to the grasslands of Brazil and has no close relatives. It is unusual in that both sexes have a crest. It was formerly placed in Emberizidae.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Image !! Genus !! Species
|-
|[[File:Charitospiza eucosma - Coal-crested Finch.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Charitospiza]]'' {{small|Oberholser, 1905}} ||
* [[Coal-crested finch]] – ''Charitospiza eucosma''
|-
|}

====Orchesticinae====
Two species with large thick bills. ''Parkerthraustes'' was formerly placed in Cardinalidae.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Image !! Genus !! Species
|-
|[[File:Brown Tanager - Itatiaia - Brazil MG 0161 (23224278996).jpg|150px]] ||''[[Orchesticus]]'' {{small|Cabanis, 1851}} ||
* [[Brown tanager]] – ''Orchesticus abeillei''
|-
|[[File:Yellow-shouldered Grosbeak.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Parkerthraustes]]'' {{small|Remsen, 1997}} ||
* [[Yellow-shouldered grosbeak]], ''Parkerthraustes humeralis''
|-
|}

====Nemosiinae====
Brightly colored, sexually dichromatic birds. Most form single-species flocks.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Image !! Genus !! Species
|-
|[[File:Nemosia pileata.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Nemosia]]'' {{small|Vieillot, 1816}} ||
* [[Hooded tanager]], ''Nemosia pileata''
* [[Cherry-throated tanager]], ''Nemosia rourei''

|-
|[[File:Cyanicterus cyanicterus - Blue-backed Tanager (female); Ramal do Pau Rosa, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Cyanicterus]]'' {{small|Bonaparte, 1850}} ||
* [[Blue-backed tanager]] – ''Cyanicterus cyanicterus''
|-
|[[File:Sericossypha albocristata Pollo de monte White-capped Tanager (11198228383).jpg|150px]] ||''[[Sericossypha]]'' {{small|Lesson, 1844}} ||
* [[White-capped tanager]] – ''Sericossypha albocristata''
|-
|[[File:Compsothraupis loricata Scarlet-throated Tanager (female); Januária, Minas Gerais, Brazil.jpg|150px]]
||''[[Compsothraupis]]'' {{small|Richmond, 1915}} ||
* [[Scarlet-throated tanager]] – ''Compsothraupis loricata''
|-
|}

====Emberizoidinae====
Grassland dwelling birds that were formerly placed in Emberizidae.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Image !! Genus !! Species
|-
|[[File:Coryphospiza melanotis - Black-masked Finch; Serra da Canastra National Park, Minas Gerais, Brazil.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Coryphaspiza]]'' {{small|G.R. Gray, 1840}} ||
*[[Black-masked finch]] – ''Coryphaspiza melanotis''
|-
|[[File:Embernagra longicauda - Pale-throated Pampa-Finch; Brumadinho, Minas Gerais, Brazil.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Embernagra]]'' {{small|Lesson, 1831}} ||
* [[Serra finch]] – ''Embernagra longicauda''
* [[Pampa finch]] – ''Embernagra platensis''
|-
|[[File:Emberizoides herbicola -Piraju, Brasil -nature reserve-8a.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Emberizoides]]'' {{small|Temminck, 1822}} ||
* [[Wedge-tailed grass finch]] – ''Emberizoides herbicola''
* [[Duida grass finch]] – ''Emberizoides duidae''
* [[Lesser grass finch]] – ''Emberizoides ypiranganus''
|-
|}

====Porphyrospizinae====
Yellow billed birds. The [[blue finch]] (''Rhopospina caerulescens'') was formerly placed in Cardinalidae; the other species were formerly placed in Emberizidae.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Image !! Genus !! Species
|-
|[[File:GreatInca-Finch.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Incaspiza]]'' {{small|Ridgway, 1898}} ||
* [[Great Inca finch]] – ''Incaspiza pulchra''
* [[Rufous-backed Inca finch]] – ''Incaspiza personata''
* [[Grey-winged Inca finch]] – ''Incaspiza ortizi''
* [[Buff-bridled Inca finch]] – ''Incaspiza laeta''
* [[Little Inca finch]] – ''Incaspiza watkinsi''
|-
|[[File:Mourning Sierra Finch (Rhopospina fruticeti), Colca Canyon, Peru.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Rhopospina]]'' {{small|Cabanis, 1851}} ||
* [[Mourning sierra finch]] – ''Rhopospina fruticeti''
* [[Blue finch]] – ''Rhopospina caerulescens''
* [[Band-tailed sierra finch]] – ''Rhopospina alaudina''
* [[Carbonated sierra finch]] – ''Rhopospina carbonaria''
|-
|}

====Hemithraupinae====
These species are sexually dichromatic and many have yellow and black plumage. Except for ''Heterospingus'', they have slender bills.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Image !! Genus !! Species
|-
|[[File:Green honeycreeper (Chlorophanes spiza spiza) male.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Chlorophanes]]'' {{small|Reichenbach, 1853}} ||
* [[Green honeycreeper]] – ''Chlorophanes spiza''
|-
|[[File:Iridophanes pulcherrimus - Golden-collared Honeycreeper; Ecuador.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Iridophanes]]'' {{small|Ridgway, 1901}} ||
* [[Golden-collared honeycreeper]] – ''Iridophanes pulcherrimus'' 
|-
|[[File:Chrysothlypis salmoni - Scarlet-and-White Tanager.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Chrysothlypis]]'' {{small|Berlepsch, 1912}} ||
* [[Black-and-yellow tanager]] – ''Chrysothlypis chrysomelas''
* [[Scarlet-and-white tanager]] – ''Chrysothlypis salmoni''
|-
|[[File:Scarlet-browed Tanager (Heterospingus xanthopygius (8079749074).jpg|150px]] ||''[[Heterospingus]]'' {{small|Ridgway, 1898}} ||
* [[Sulphur-rumped tanager]] – ''Heterospingus rubrifrons''
* [[Scarlet-browed tanager]] – ''Heterospingus xanthopygius''
|-
|[[File:Hemithraupis ruficapilla.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Hemithraupis]]'' {{small|Cabanis, 1850}} ||
* [[Guira tanager]] – ''Hemithraupis guira''
* [[Rufous-headed tanager]] – ''Hemithraupis ruficapilla''
* [[Yellow-backed tanager]] – ''Hemithraupis flavicollis''
|-
|}

====Dacninae====
Sexually dichromatic species—males have blue plumage and females are green.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Image !! Genus !! Species
|-
|[[File:Tersina viridis -Registro, Sao Paulo, Brazil -male-8.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Tersina]]'' {{small|Vieillot, 1819}} ||
* [[Swallow tanager]] – ''Tersina viridis''
|-
|[[File:Red-legged Honeycreeper - Panama H8O2103 (23250437695).jpg|150px]] ||''[[Cyanerpes]]'' {{small|Oberholser, 1899}} ||
* [[Short-billed honeycreeper]] – ''Cyanerpes nitidus''
* [[Shining honeycreeper]] – ''Cyanerpes lucidus''
* [[Purple honeycreeper]] – ''Cyanerpes caeruleus''
* [[Red-legged honeycreeper]] – ''Cyanerpes cyaneus''
|-
|[[File:Dacnis cayana -Vale do Ribeira, Registro, Sao Paulo, Brasil-8.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Dacnis]]'' {{small|Cuvier, 1816}} ||
* [[Scarlet-breasted dacnis]] – ''Dacnis berlepschi''
* [[Scarlet-thighed dacnis]] – ''Dacnis venusta''
* [[Blue dacnis]] – ''Dacnis cayana''
* [[Yellow-bellied dacnis]] – ''Dacnis flaviventer''
* [[Turquoise dacnis]] – ''Dacnis hartlaubi'' 
* [[Black-faced dacnis]] – ''Dacnis lineata''
* [[Yellow-tufted dacnis]] – ''Dacnis egregia'' 
* [[Viridian dacnis]] – ''Dacnis viguieri''
* [[Black-legged dacnis]] – ''Dacnis nigripes''
* [[White-bellied dacnis]] – ''Dacnis albiventris''
|-
|}

====Saltatorinae====
Mainly arboreal with long tails and thick bills. Formerly placed in [[Cardinalidae]].

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Image !! Genus !! Species
|-
|[[File:Saltatricula multicolor - Many-colored Chaco Finch.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Saltatricula]]'' {{small|Burmeister, 1861}} ||
* [[Many-colored Chaco finch]] – ''Saltatricula multicolor'' 
* [[Black-throated saltator]] – ''Saltatricula atricollis''
|-
|[[File:Saltator maximus Saltador ajicero Buff-throated Saltator (8447037135).jpg|150px]] ||''[[Saltator]]'' {{small|Vieillot, 1816}} ||
* [[Orinoco saltator]]  – ''Saltator orenocensis''
* [[Green-winged saltator]] – ''Saltator similis''
* [[Bluish-grey saltator]] or Amazonian grey saltator – ''Saltator coerulescens''
* [[Cinnamon-bellied saltator]] or northern grey saltator – ''Saltator grandis''
* [[Olive-grey saltator]] or Caribbean grey saltator – ''Saltator olivascens''
* [[Streaked saltator]] – ''Saltator striatipectus''
* [[Lesser Antillean saltator]] – ''Saltator albicollis''	
* [[Buff-throated saltator]] – ''Saltator maximus''
* [[Black-winged saltator]] – ''Saltator atripennis''
* [[Black-headed saltator]] – ''Saltator atriceps''
* [[Black-cowled saltator]] – ''Saltator nigriceps''
* [[Black-throated grosbeak]] – ''Saltator fuliginosus''
* [[Slate-coloured grosbeak]] – ''Saltator grossus''
* [[Masked saltator]] – ''Saltator cinctus''
* [[Thick-billed saltator]] – ''Saltator maxillosus''
* [[Golden-billed saltator]] – ''Saltator aurantiirostris''
|-
|}

====Coerebinae====
[[Image:Darwin's finches.jpeg|thumb|Diversity of [[Darwin's finches]]]]

This subfamily includes Darwin's finches that are endemic to the [[Galápagos Islands]] and [[Cocos Island]]. Most of these species were formerly placed in Emberizidae; the exceptions are the bananaquit that was placed in [[Parulidae]] and the orangequit that was placed in Thraupidae. These species build domed or covered nests with side entrances. They have evolved a variety of foraging techniques, including nectar-feeding (''Coereba'', ''Euneornis''), seed-eating (''Geospiza'', ''Loxigilla'', ''Tiaris''), and insect gleaning (''Certhidea'').<ref name=burns2014/>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Image !! Genus !! Species
|-
|[[File:Coereba flaveola (Mielero común) - Flickr - Alejandro Bayer (13).jpg|150px]] ||''[[Coereba]]'' {{small|Vieillot, 1809}} ||
* [[Bananaquit]] – ''Coereba flaveola'' 
|-
|[[File:Yellow-faced-grassquit-eating-seeds.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Tiaris]]'' {{small|Swainson, 1827}} ||
* [[Yellow-faced grassquit]]  – ''Tiaris olivaceus'' 
|-
|[[File:Orangequit male RWD4.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Euneornis]]'' {{small|Fitzinger, 1856}} ||
* [[Orangequit]] – ''Euneornis campestris'' 
|-
|[[File:Cuban bullfinch (Melopyrrha nigra nigra).JPG|150px]] ||''[[Melopyrrha]]'' {{small|Bonaparte, 1853}} ||
* [[Puerto Rican bullfinch]] – ''Melopyrrha portoricensis'' (formerly placed in ''[[Loxigilla]]'')
*†[[St. Kitts bullfinch]] – ''Melopyrrha grandis''
* [[Greater Antillean bullfinch]] – ''Melopyrrha violacea'' (formerly placed in ''Loxigilla'')
* [[Cuban bullfinch]] – ''Melopyrrha nigra''
* [[Grand Cayman bullfinch]] – ''Melopyrrha taylori''
|-
|[[File:Yellow-shouldered Grassquit (Loxipasser anoxanthus) Illustrations of the birds of Jamaica (1849).jpg|150px]] ||''[[Loxipasser]]'' {{small|Bryant, 1866}} ||
* [[Yellow-shouldered grassquit]] – ''Loxipasser anoxanthus''
|-
|[[File:Tiaris canorus -Canberra Walk In Aviary, Australia-8a.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Phonipara]]'' {{small|Bonaparte, 1850}} ||
* [[Cuban grassquit]] – ''Phonipara canora''
|-
|[[File:Lesser Antillean Bullfinch RWD6.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Loxigilla]]'' {{small|Lesson, 1831}} ||
* [[Lesser Antillean bullfinch]] – ''Loxigilla noctis''
* [[Barbados bullfinch]] – ''Loxigilla barbadensis''
|-
|[[File:Melanospiza richardsoni 22917595 (cropped).jpg|150px]] ||''[[Melanospiza]]'' {{small|Ridgway, 1897}} ||
* [[Saint Lucia black finch]] – ''Melanospiza richardsoni''  
* [[Black-faced grassquit]] – ''Melanospiza bicolor''  
|-
|[[File:CIGARRA-DO-COQUEIRO (Tiaris fuliginosus).jpg|150px]] ||''[[Asemospiza]]'' {{small|Burns, Unitt, & Mason, 2016}} ||
* [[Sooty grassquit]] – ''Asemospiza fuliginosa'' 
* [[Dull-coloured grassquit]] – ''Asemospiza obscura''
|-
|}

[[Darwin's finches]]:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Image !! Genus !! Species
|-
|[[File:Certhidea olivacea - Green Wabler Finch.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Certhidea]]'' {{small|Gould, 1837}} ||
* [[Green warbler-finch]] – ''Certhidea olivacea''
* [[Grey warbler-finch]] – ''Certhidea fusca''
|-
|[[File:Platyspiza crassirostris (8500652538).jpg|150px]] ||''[[Platyspiza]]'' {{small|Ridgway, 1897}} ||
* [[Vegetarian finch]] – ''Platyspiza crassirostris''
|-
|[[File:Pinaroloxias inornata P1150966a.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Pinaroloxias]]'' {{small|Sharpe, 1885}} ||
* [[Cocos finch]] – ''Pinaroloxias inornata''
|-
|[[File:MTF male.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Camarhynchus]]'' {{small|Gould, 1837}} ||
* [[Small tree finch]] – ''Camarhynchus parvulus''
* [[Medium tree finch]] – ''Camarhynchus pauper''
* [[Large tree finch]] – ''Camarhynchus psittacula''
* [[Woodpecker finch]] – ''Camarhynchus pallidus''
* [[Mangrove finch]] – ''Camarhynchus heliobates''
|-
|[[File:Large ground finch (4229035966).jpg|150px]] ||''[[Geospiza]]'' {{small|Gould, 1837}} ||
* [[Española cactus finch]] – ''Geospiza conirostris''
* [[Sharp-beaked ground finch]] – ''Geospiza difficilis''
* [[Vampire ground finch]] – ''Geospiza septentrionalis''
* [[Genovesa ground finch]] – ''Geospiza acutirostris''
* [[Medium ground finch]] – ''Geospiza fortis''
* [[Small ground finch]] – ''Geospiza fuliginosa''
* [[Large ground finch]] – ''Geospiza magnirostris''
* [[Common cactus finch]] – ''Geospiza scandens''
* [[Genovesa cactus finch]] – ''Geospiza propinqua''
|-
|}

====Tachyphoninae====
Most of these are lowland species. Many have ornamental features such as crests, and many have sexually dichromatic plumage.<ref name=burns2014/>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Image !! Genus !! Species
|-
|[[File:Tiziu.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Volatinia]]'' {{small|Reichenbach, 1850}} ||
* [[Blue-black grassquit]] – ''Volatinia jacarina''
|-
|[[File:Conothraupis speculigera - Black-and-white Tanager - male (cropped).jpg|150px]] ||''[[Conothraupis]]'' {{small|Sclater, PL, 1880}} ||
* [[Black-and-white tanager]] – ''Conothraupis speculigera''
* [[Cone-billed tanager]] – ''Conothraupis mesoleuca''
|-
|[[File:Creurgops verticalis.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Creurgops]]'' {{small|Sclater, PL, 1858}} ||
* [[Rufous-crested tanager]] – ''Creurgops verticalis''
* [[Slaty tanager]] – ''Creurgops dentatus''
|-
|[[File:Eucometis penicillata -Manizales, Caldas, Colombia-8.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Eucometis]]'' {{small|Sclater, PL, 1856}} ||
* [[Grey-headed tanager]] – ''Eucometis penicillata''
|-
|[[File:Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos Mateus de Mattos Sales (01) 04.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Trichothraupis]]'' {{small|Cabanis, 1851}} ||
* [[Black-goggled tanager]] – ''Trichothraupis melanops''
|-
|[[File:Heliothraupis oneilli (51648767088).jpg|150px]] ||''[[Heliothraupis]]'' {{small|Lane et al., 2021}} ||
*[[Inti tanager]] – ''Heliothraupis oneilli''
|-
|[[File:Tie-galo( Tachyphonus cristatus ).jpg|150px]] ||''[[Loriotus]]'' {{small|Jarocki, 1821}} ||
* [[Flame-crested tanager]] – ''Loriotus cristatus''
* [[Yellow-crested tanager]] – ''Loriotus rufiventer''
* [[White-shouldered tanager]] – ''Loriotus luctuosus''
|-
|[[File:Coryphospingus cucullatus -Piraju, Sao Paulo, Brazil-8 (1).jpg|150px]] ||''[[Coryphospingus]]'' {{small|Cabanis, 1851}} ||
* [[Grey pileated finch]] – ''Coryphospingus pileatus''
* [[Red pileated finch]] – ''Coryphospingus cucullatus''
|-
|[[File:White-lined tanager (Tachyphonus rufus) male.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Tachyphonus]]'' {{small|Vieillot, 1816}} ||
* [[Fulvous-crested tanager]] – ''Tachyphonus surinamus''
* [[Tawny-crested tanager]] – ''Tachyphonus delatrii''
* [[Ruby-crowned tanager]] – ''Tachyphonus coronatus''
* [[White-lined tanager]] – ''Tachyphonus rufus''
* [[Red-shouldered tanager]] – ''Tachyphonus phoenicius''
|-
|[[File:Crimson-breasted FinchRWD12g.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Rhodospingus]]'' {{small|Sharpe, 1888}} ||
* [[Crimson-breasted finch]] – ''Rhodospingus cruentus''
|-
|[[File:Black-throated Shrike-Tanager, Lanio aurantius (cropped).jpg|150px]] ||''[[Lanio]]'' {{small|Vieillot, 1816}} ||
* [[Fulvous shrike-tanager]] – ''Lanio fulvus''
* [[White-winged shrike-tanager]] – ''Lanio versicolor''
* [[Black-throated shrike-tanager]] – ''Lanio aurantius''
* [[White-throated shrike-tanager]] – ''Lanio leucothorax''
|-
|[[File:850 4729 - Flickr - Weng Kong Koh.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Ramphocelus]]'' {{small|Desmarest, 1805}} ||
* [[Crimson-collared tanager]] – ''Ramphocelus sanguinolentus''
* [[Masked crimson tanager]] – ''Ramphocelus nigrogularis''
* [[Crimson-backed tanager]] – ''Ramphocelus dimidiatus''
* [[Huallaga tanager]] – ''Ramphocelus melanogaster''
* [[Silver-beaked tanager]] – ''Ramphocelus carbo''
* [[Brazilian tanager]] – ''Ramphocelus bresilius''
* [[Passerini's tanager]] – ''Ramphocelus passerinii''
* [[Cherrie's tanager]] – ''Ramphocelus costaricensis''
* [[Flame-rumped tanager]] – ''Ramphocelus flammigerus''
** Lemon-rumped tanager – ''R. f. icteronotus''
|-
|}

====Sporophilinae====
These species were formerly placed in Emberizidae.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Image !! Genus !! Species
|-
|[[File:Sporophila hypoxantha.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Sporophila]]'' {{small|Cabanis, 1844}}  ||
{{Collapsible list
| bullets = true
| title = Seedeaters and seed finches (includes species previously assigned to ''Dolospingus'' and ''Oryzoborus'') 41 species:||[[Lesson's seedeater]] – ''Sporophila bouvronides''|[[Lined seedeater]] – ''Sporophila lineola''|[[Cinnamon-rumped seedeater]] – ''Sporophila torqueola''|[[Morelet's seedeater]] – ''Sporophila morelleti''|[[Variable seedeater]] – ''Sporophila corvina''|[[Grey seedeater]] – ''Sporophila intermedia''|[[Wing-barred seedeater]] – ''Sporophila americana''|[[White-naped seedeater]] – ''Sporophila  fringilloides''|[[Black-and-white seedeater]] – ''Sporophila luctuosa''|[[Double-collared seedeater]] – ''Sporophila caerulescens''|[[Yellow-bellied seedeater]] – ''Sporophila nigricollis''|[[Dubois's seedeater]] – ''Sporophila ardesiaca''|[[Thick-billed seed finch]] – ''Sporophila funerea''|[[Chestnut-bellied seed finch]] – ''Sporophila angolensis''|[[Nicaraguan seed finch]] – ''Sporophila nuttingi''|[[Great-billed seed finch]] – ''Sporophila maximiliani''|[[Large-billed seed finch]] – ''Sporophila crassirostris''|[[Black-billed seed finch]] – ''Sporophila atrirostris''|[[Slate-coloured seedeater]] – ''Sporophila schistacea''|[[Temminck's seedeater]] – ''Sporophila falcirostris''|[[Buffy-fronted seedeater]] – ''Sporophila frontalis''|[[Plumbeous seedeater]] – ''Sporophila plumbea''|[[Tropeiro seedeater]] – ''Sporophila beltoni''|[[Rusty-collared seedeater]] – ''Sporophila collaris''|[[White-throated seedeater]] – ''Sporophila albogularis''|[[White-bellied seedeater]] – ''Sporophila leucoptera''|[[Parrot-billed seedeater]] – ''Sporophila peruviana''|[[Chestnut-throated seedeater]], ''Sporophila telasco''|[[Drab seedeater]] – ''Sporophila simplex''|[[Chestnut-bellied seedeater]] – ''Sporophila castaneiventris''|[[Ruddy-breasted seedeater]] – ''Sporophila minuta''|[[Copper seedeater]] – ''Sporophila bouvreuil''|[[Black-and-tawny seedeater]] – ''Sporophila nigrorufa''|[[Tawny-bellied seedeater]] – ''Sporophila hypoxantha''|[[Dark-throated seedeater]] – ''Sporophila ruficollis''|[[Pearly-bellied seedeater]] – ''Sporophila pileata''|[[Rufous-rumped seedeater]] – ''Sporophila hypochroma''|[[Chestnut seedeater]] – ''Sporophila cinnamomea''|[[Marsh seedeater]] – ''Sporophila palustris''|[[Black-bellied seedeater]] – ''Sporophila melanogaster''|[[Ibera seedeater]] – ''Sporophila iberaensis''
}}
|-
|}

====Poospizinae====
Some of these species were formerly placed in Emberizidae.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Image !! Genus !! Species
|-
|[[File:Cinereous Finch.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Piezorina]]'' {{small|Lafresnaye, 1843}} ||
* [[Cinereous finch]] – ''Piezorina cinerea''
|-
|[[File:Xenospingus concolor - Slender-billed Finch; Ica, Peru.jpg|150px]] || ''[[Xenospingus]]'' {{small|Cabanis, 1867}} ||
* [[Slender-billed finch]] – ''Xenospingus concolor''
|-
|[[File:Cnemoscopus rubrirostris.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Cnemoscopus]]'' {{small|Bangs & Penard, 1919}} ||
* [[Grey-hooded bush tanager]] – ''Cnemoscopus rubrirostris''
|-
|[[File:Hemispingus verticalis Hemispingus tiznado Black-headed Hemispingus (8743055392).jpg|150px]] ||''[[Pseudospingus]]''  {{small|Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1896}} ||
* [[Drab hemispingus]] – ''Pseudospingus xanthophthalmus''
* [[Black-headed hemispingus]] – ''Pseudospingus verticalis''
|-
|[[File:Poospiza whitii - Black-and-chestnut Warbling Finch; San Luis, Argentina.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Poospiza]]'' {{small|Cabanis, 1847}} ||
* [[Bolivian warbling finch]] – ''Poospiza boliviana''
* [[Cinnamon warbling finch]] – ''Poospiza ornata''
* [[Black-and-rufous warbling finch]] – ''Poospiza nigrorufa''
* [[Black-and-chestnut warbling finch]] – ''Poospiza whitii'' 
* [[Collared warbling finch]] – ''Poospiza hispaniolensis''
* [[Rufous-breasted warbling finch]] – ''Poospiza rubecula''
* [[Tucumán mountain finch]] – ''Poospiza baeri''
* [[Cochabamba mountain finch]] – ''Poospiza garleppi'' 
* [[Slaty-backed hemispingus]] – ''Poospiza goeringi''
* [[Rufous-browed hemispingus]] – ''Poospiza rufosuperciliaris'' 
|-
|[[File:Kleinothraupis atropileus - Black-capped Hemispingus (cropped).jpg|150px]] ||''[[Kleinothraupis]]'' {{small|Burns, Unitt, & Mason, 2016}} ||

* [[Grey-capped hemispingus]] – ''Kleinothraupis reyi''
* [[Black-capped hemispingus]] – ''Kleinothraupis atropileus''
* [[White-browed hemispingus]] – ''Kleinothraupis auricularis''
* [[Orange-browed hemispingus]] – ''Kleinothraupis calophrys''
* [[Parodi's hemispingus]] – ''Kleinothraupis parodii''
|-
|[[File:Oleaginous Hemispingus, Abra la Esperanza, Huancabamba District, Peru 1.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Sphenopsis]]'' {{small|Sclater, 1862}} ||
* [[Oleaginous hemispingus]] – ''Sphenopsis frontalis''
* [[Black-eared hemispingus]] – ''Sphenopsis melanotis''
* [[Piura hemispingus]] – ''Sphenopsis piurae''
* [[Western hemispingus]] – ''Sphenopsis ochracea''
|-
|[[File:Thlypopsis pectoralis - Brown-flanked Tanager; Huanuco, Peru.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Thlypopsis]]'' {{small|Cabanis, 1851}} ||
* [[Fulvous-headed tanager]] – ''Thlypopsis fulviceps''
* [[Rufous-chested tanager]] – ''Thlypopsis ornata''
* [[Brown-flanked tanager]] – ''Thlypopsis pectoralis''
* [[Orange-headed tanager]] – ''Thlypopsis sordida''
* [[Buff-bellied tanager]] – ''Thlypopsis inornata''
* [[Rust-and-yellow tanager]] – ''Thlypopsis ruficeps''

|-
|[[File:Bay-chested Warbling-Finch - REGUA - Brazil S4E1798 (23391905915).jpg|150px]] ||''[[Castanozoster]]'' {{small|Burns, Unitt, & Mason, 2016}} ||
* [[Bay-chested warbling finch]] – ''Castanozoster thoracicus''
|-
|[[File:MONTERITA-CABEZA-GRIS-Donacospiza-albifrons.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Donacospiza]]'' {{small|Cabanis, 1851}} ||
* [[Long-tailed reed finch]] – ''Donacospiza albifrons''
|-
|[[File:Cypsnagra hirundinacea - White-rumped Tanager; Serra da Canastra National Park, Minas Gerais, Brazil.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Cypsnagra]]''  {{small|Lesson, R, 1831}} ||
* [[White-rumped tanager]] – ''Cypsnagra hirundinacea''
|-
|[[File:Chestnut-breasted Mountain-Finch (Poospiza caesar).jpg|150px]] || ''[[Poospizopsis]]'' {{small|Berlepsch, 1893}} ||
* [[Rufous-sided warbling finch]] – ''Poospizopsis hypocondria''
* [[Chestnut-breasted mountain finch]] – ''Poospizopsis caesar''
|-
|[[File:Black-backed Bush Tanager.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Urothraupis]]'' {{small|Taczanowski & Berlepsch, 1885}} ||
* [[Black-backed bush tanager]] – ''Urothraupis stolzmanni''
|-
|[[File:Nephelornis oneilli - Pardusco (cropped).jpg|150px]] ||''[[Nephelornis]]'' {{small|Lowery & Tallman, 1976}} ||
* [[Pardusco]] – ''Nephelornis oneilli''
|-
|[[File:Poospiza lateralis -Extrema, Minas Gerais, Brazil-8.jpg|150px]] || ''[[Microspingus]]'' {{small|Taczanowski, 1874}} ||
* [[Buff-throated warbling finch]] – ''Microspingus lateralis''
* [[Grey-throated warbling finch]] – ''Microspingus cabanisi''
* [[Rusty-browed warbling finch]] – ''Microspingus erythrophrys''
* [[Plain-tailed warbling finch]] – ''Microspingus alticola''
* [[Ringed warbling finch]] – ''Microspingus torquatus''
* [[Three-striped hemispingus]] – ''Microspingus trifasciatus''
* [[Black-capped warbling finch]] – ''Microspingus melanoleucus''
* [[Cinereous warbling finch]] – ''Microspingus cinereus''
|-
|}

====Diglossinae====
This is a morphologically diverse group that includes seed-eaters (''Nesospiza'', ''Sicalis'', ''Catamenia'', ''Haplospiza''), arthropod feeders (''Conirostrum''), a bamboo specialist (''Acanthidops''), an aphid feeder (''Xenodacnis''), and boulder field specialists (''Idiopsar''). Many species live at high altitudes. ''Conirostrum'' was previously placed in Parulidae, ''Diglossa'' was placed in Thraupidae, and the remaining genera were placed in Emberizidae.<ref name=burns2014/>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Image !! Genus !! Species
|-
|[[File:Conirostrum rufum.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Conirostrum]]'' {{small|d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838}} ||
* [[Chestnut-vented conebill]] – ''Conirostrum speciosum''
* [[White-eared conebill]] – ''Conirostrum leucogenys''
* [[Bicolored conebill]] – ''Conirostrum bicolor''
* [[Pearly-breasted conebill]] – ''Conirostrum margaritae''
* [[Cinereous conebill]] – ''Conirostrum cinereum''
* [[Tamarugo conebill]] – ''Conirostrum tamarugense''
* [[White-browed conebill]] – ''Conirostrum ferrugineiventre''
* [[Rufous-browed conebill]] – ''Conirostrum rufum''
* [[Blue-backed conebill]] – ''Conirostrum sitticolor''
* [[Capped conebill]] – ''Conirostrum albifrons''
* [[Giant conebill]] – ''Conirostrum binghami'' (formerly ''Oreomanes fraseri'') 
|-
|[[File:Saffron finch (Sicalis flaveola) male.JPG|150px]] ||''[[Sicalis]]'' {{small|F. Boie, 1828}} ||
{{Collapsible list
| bullets = true
| title = 13 species||[[Stripe-tailed yellow finch]] – ''Sicalis citrina''|[[Sulphur-throated finch]] – ''Sicalis taczanowskii''|[[Bright-rumped yellow finch]] – ''Sicalis uropygialis''|[[Saffron finch]] – ''Sicalis flaveola''|[[Orange-fronted yellow finch]] – ''Sicalis columbiana''|[[Grassland yellow finch]] – ''Sicalis luteola''|[[Citron-headed yellow finch]] – ''Sicalis luteocephala''|[[Patagonian yellow finch]] – ''Sicalis lebruni''|[[Greenish yellow finch]] – ''Sicalis olivascens''|[[Monte yellow finch]] – ''Sicalis mendozae''|[[Greater yellow finch]] – ''Sicalis auriventris''|[[Raimondi's yellow finch]] – ''Sicalis raimondii''|[[Puna yellow finch]] – ''Sicalis lutea''
}}
|-
|[[File:Phrygilus punensis -near Cusco, Peru-8.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Phrygilus]]'' {{small|Cabanis, 1844}} ||
* [[Black-hooded sierra finch]] – ''Phrygilus atriceps''
* [[Peruvian sierra finch]] – ''Phrygilus punensis''
* [[Grey-hooded sierra finch]] – ''Phrygilus gayi''
* [[Patagonian sierra finch]] – ''Phrygilus patagonicus''
|-
|[[File:Nesospiza acunhae -Inaccessible Island-8.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Nesospiza]]'' {{small|Cabanis, 1873}} ||
* [[Inaccessible Island finch]] – ''Nesospiza acunhae''
* [[Nightingale Island finch]] – ''Nesospiza questi''
* [[Wilkins's finch]] – ''Nesospiza wilkinsi''
|-
|[[File:Gough Bunting Male (cropped).JPG|150px]] ||''[[Rowettia]]'' {{small|Lowe, 1923}} ||
* [[Gough finch]] – ''Rowettia goughensis'' 
|-
|[[File:Yellow-bridled Finch (Melanodera xanthogramma) (15341916183).jpg|150px]] ||''[[Melanodera]]'' {{small|Bonaparte, 1850}} ||
* [[White-bridled finch]] – ''Melanodera melanodera''
* [[Yellow-bridled finch]] – ''Melanodera xanthogramma''
|-
|[[File:Plumbeous Sierra-finch.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Geospizopsis]]'' {{small|Bonaparte, 1856}} ||
* [[Plumbeous sierra finch]] – ''Geospizopsis unicolor''
* [[Ash-breasted sierra finch]] – ''Geospizopsis plebejus''
|-
|[[File:Haplospiza-rustica-002.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Haplospiza]]'' {{small|Cabanis, 1851}} ||
* [[Slaty finch]] – ''Haplospiza rustica'' 
* [[Uniform finch]] – ''Haplospiza unicolor''
|-
|[[File:Acanthidops bairdii - Peg-billed Finch - Poas Volcano, Costa Rica - 7-23-2012 - Brad Weinert (7984324459).jpg|150px]] ||''[[Acanthidops]]'' {{small|Ridgway, 1882}} ||
* [[Peg-billed finch]] – ''Acanthidops bairdi'' 
|-
|[[File:Tit-like-dacnis.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Xenodacnis]]'' {{small|Cabanis, 1873}} ||
* [[Tit-like dacnis]] – ''Xenodacnis parina'' 
* [[Streaked dacnis]] – ''Xenodacnis petersi'' 
|-
|[[File:Phrygilus dorsalis Red-backed Sierra Finch (cropped).JPG|150px]] ||''[[Idiopsar]]'' {{small|Cassin, 1867}} ||
* [[Red-backed sierra finch]] – ''Idiopsar dorsalis''
* [[White-throated sierra finch]] – ''Idiopsar erythronotus'' 
* [[Glacier finch]] – ''Idiopsar speculifer'' 
* [[Boulder finch]] – ''Idiopsar brachyurus''
|-
|[[File:Paramo seedeater.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Catamenia (bird)|Catamenia]]'' {{small|Bonaparte, 1850}} ||
* [[Band-tailed seedeater]] – ''Catamenia analis''
* [[Plain-colored seedeater]] – ''Catamenia inornata''
* [[Paramo seedeater]] – ''Catamenia homochroa''
|-
|[[File:Black flowerpiercer GC.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Diglossa (bird)|Diglossa]]'' {{small|Wagler, 1832}} ||
{{Collapsible list
| bullets = true
| title = 18 species||[[Golden-eyed flowerpiercer]] – ''Diglossa glauca''|[[Bluish flowerpiercer]] – ''Diglossa caerulescens''|[[Masked flowerpiercer]] – ''Diglossa cyanea''|[[Indigo flowerpiercer]] – ''Diglossa indigotica''|[[Rusty flowerpiercer]] – ''Diglossa sittoides''|[[Slaty flowerpiercer]] – ''Diglossa plumbea''|[[Cinnamon-bellied flowerpiercer]] – ''Diglossa baritula''|[[Moustached flowerpiercer]] – ''Diglossa mystacalis''|[[Glossy flowerpiercer]] – ''Diglossa lafresnayii''|[[Chestnut-bellied flowerpiercer]] – ''Diglossa gloriosissima''|[[Scaled flowerpiercer]] – ''Diglossa duidae''|[[Greater flowerpiercer]] – ''Diglossa major''|[[Venezuelan flowerpiercer]] – ''Diglossa venezuelensis''|[[White-sided flowerpiercer]] – ''Diglossa albilatera''|[[Grey-bellied flowerpiercer]] – ''Diglossa carbonaria''|[[Black-throated flowerpiercer]], ''Diglossa brunneiventris''|[[Mérida flowerpiercer]] – ''Diglossa gloriosa''|[[Black flowerpiercer]] – ''Diglossa humeralis''
}}
|-
|}

====Thraupinae====
Typical tanagers.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Image !! Genus !! Species
|-
|[[File:Calochaetes coccineus - Vermilion Tanager (cropped).jpg|150px]] ||''[[Calochaetes]]'' {{small|Sclater, PL, 1879}} ||
* [[Vermilion tanager]] – ''Calochaetes coccineus''

|-
|[[File:Iridosornis rufivertex.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Iridosornis]]'' {{small|Lesson, 1844}} ||
* [[Purplish-mantled tanager]] – ''Iridosornis porphyrocephalus''
* [[Yellow-throated tanager]] – ''Iridosornis analis''
* [[Golden-collared tanager]] – ''Iridosornis jelskii''
* [[Golden-crowned tanager]] – ''Iridosornis rufivertex''
* [[Yellow-scarfed tanager]] – ''Iridosornis reinhardti''

|-
|[[File:Thraupis bonariensis -Piraju, Sao Paulo, Brazil-8.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Rauenia]]'' {{small|Wolters, 1980}} ||
* [[Blue-and-yellow tanager]] – ''Rauenia bonariensis''
|-
|[[File:Pipraeidea melanonota, Saíra-viúva, Fawn-breasted Tanager (cropped).jpg|150px]] ||''[[Pipraeidea]]'' {{small|Swainson, 1827}} ||
* [[Fawn-breasted tanager]] – ''Pipraeidea melanonota''

|-
|[[File:Rufous-bellied Saltator (Saltator rufiventris) (8077568246).jpg|150px]] ||''[[Pseudosaltator]]'' {{small|K.J. Burns, Unitt & N.A. Mason, 2016}} ||
* [[Rufous-bellied mountain tanager]] – ''Pseudosaltator rufiventris''

|-
|[[File:Dubusia taeniata Tangara diadema Buff-breasted Mountain-Tanager (8414444391).jpg|150px]] ||''[[Dubusia]]'' {{small|Bonaparte, 1850}} ||

* [[Buff-breasted mountain tanager]] – ''Dubusia taeniata''
* [[Carriker's mountain tanager]] – ''Dubusia carrikeri''
* [[Streak-crowned mountain tanager]] – ''Dubusia stictocephala''
* [[Chestnut-bellied mountain tanager]] – ''Dubusia castaneoventris''
|-
|[[File:Buthraupis montana (Azulejo real) (16394162371).jpg|150px]] ||''[[Buthraupis]]'' {{small|Cabanis, 1851}} ||
* [[Hooded mountain tanager]] – ''Buthraupis montana''

|-
|[[File:Thraupis cyanocephala -Parque Nacional El Avila, Caracas, Venezuela-8.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Sporathraupis]]'' {{small|Ridgway, 1898}} ||
* [[Blue-capped tanager]] – ''Sporathraupis cyanocephala''

|-
|[[File:Masked Mountain-Tanager - Ecuador S4E4582 (23224210656).jpg|150px]] ||''[[Tephrophilus]]'' {{small|R. T. Moore, 1934}} ||
* [[Masked mountain tanager]] – ''Tephrophilus wetmorei''

|-
|[[File:Chlorornis riefferii.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Chlorornis]]'' {{small|Reichenbach, 1850}} ||
* [[Grass-green tanager]] – ''Chlorornis riefferii''
|-
|[[File:Cnemathraupis aureodorsalis Golden-backed Mountain-tanager.jpg|150px]] || ''[[Cnemathraupis]]'' {{small|Penard, 1919}} ||
*[[Black-chested mountain tanager]] – ''Cnemathraupis eximia''
*[[Golden-backed mountain tanager]] – ''Cnemathraupis aureodorsalis''

|-
|[[File:Anisognathus igniventris by Francesco Veronesi.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Anisognathus]]'' {{small|Reichenbach, 1850}} ||
* [[Santa Marta mountain tanager]] – ''Anisognathus melanogenys''
* [[Lacrimose mountain tanager]] – ''Anisognathus lacrymosus''
* [[Scarlet-bellied mountain tanager]] – ''Anisognathus igniventris''
* [[Blue-winged mountain tanager]] – ''Anisognathus somptuosus''
* [[Black-chinned mountain tanager]] – ''Anisognathus notabilis''
|-
|[[File:Multicolored tanager chicoral.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Chlorochrysa]]'' {{small|Bonaparte, 1851}} ||
*[[Glistening-green tanager]] – ''Chlorochrysa phoenicotis''
*[[Orange-eared tanager]] – ''Chlorochrysa calliparaea''
*[[Multicoloured tanager]] – ''Chlorochrysa nitidissima''
|-
|[[File:Wetmorethraupis sterrhopteron - Orange-throated Tanager (cropped).jpg|150px]] ||''[[Wetmorethraupis]]'' {{small|Lowery & O'Neill, 1964}} ||
* [[Orange-throated tanager]] – ''Wetmorethraupis sterrhopteron''

|-
|[[File:Bangsia aureocincta by Franscesco Veronesi.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Bangsia]]'' {{small|Penard, 1919}} ||

* [[Blue-and-gold tanager]] – ''Bangsia arcaei''
* [[Black-and-gold tanager]] – ''Bangsia melanochlamys''
* [[Golden-chested tanager]] – ''Bangsia rothschildi''
* [[Moss-backed tanager]] – ''Bangsia edwardsi''
* [[Gold-ringed tanager]] – ''Bangsia aureocincta''
* [[Yellow-green tanager]] – ''Bangsia flavovirens''
|-
|[[File:Lophospingus pusillus en el Parque Nacional Teniente Enciso (cropped).jpg|150px]] ||''[[Lophospingus]]'' {{small|Cabanis, 1878}} ||
* [[Grey-crested finch]] – ''Lophospingus griseocristatus''
* [[Black-crested finch]] – ''Lophospingus pusillus''
|-
|[[File:Neothraupis fasciata - Shrike-like Tanager.JPG|150px]] ||''[[Neothraupis]]'' {{small|Hellmayr, 1936}} ||
* [[Shrike-like tanager]] – ''Neothraupis fasciata''

|-
|[[File:Diuca diuca diuca.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Diuca]]'' {{small|Reichenbach, 1850}} ||
* [[Diuca finch]] – ''Diuca diuca''
|-
|[[File:Gubernatrix cristata - Yellow cardinal (male); Iberá marshes, Corrientes, Argentina.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Gubernatrix]]'' {{small|Lesson, 1837}} ||
* [[Yellow cardinal]] – ''Gubernatrix cristata''

|-
|[[File:Cardenal Azul.JPG|150px]] ||''[[Stephanophorus]]'' {{small|Strickland, 1841}} ||
* [[Diademed tanager]] – ''Stephanophorus diadematus''

|-
|[[File:Magpie Tanager - Manu NP - Perù 8577 (22954466240).jpg|150px]] ||''[[Cissopis]]'' {{small|Vieillot, 1816}} ||
* [[Magpie tanager]] – ''Cissopis leverianus''

|-
|[[File:Bico-de-veludo (Schistochlamys ruficapillus) no Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Schistochlamys]]'' {{small|Reichenbach, 1850}} ||
*[[Cinnamon tanager]] – ''Schistochlamys ruficapillus''
*[[Black-faced tanager]] – ''Schistochlamys melanopis''

|-
|[[File:Paroaria coronata -Koke'e State Park, Hawaii, USA-8.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Paroaria]]'' {{small|Bonaparte, 1832}} ||
* [[Red-crested cardinal]] – ''Paroaria coronata''
* [[Red-cowled cardinal]] – ''Paroaria dominicana''
* [[Red-capped cardinal]] – ''Paroaria gularis''
* [[Masked cardinal]] – ''Paroaria nigrogenis''
* [[Crimson-fronted cardinal]] – ''Paroaria baeri''
* [[Yellow-billed cardinal]] – ''Paroaria capitata''
|-
|[[File:Tangara punctata -captive-8a.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Ixothraupis]]'' {{small|Bonaparte, 1851}} ||

* [[Dotted tanager]] – ''Ixothraupis varia''
* [[Rufous-throated tanager]] – ''Ixothraupis rufigula''
* [[Spotted tanager]] – ''Ixothraupis punctata''
* [[Speckled tanager]] – ''Ixothraupis guttata''
* [[Yellow-bellied tanager]] – ''Ixothraupis xanthogastra''
|-
|[[File:Golden-naped tanager (47057750234).jpg|150px]] ||''[[Chalcothraupis]]'' {{small|Bonaparte, 1851}} ||
* [[Golden-naped tanager]] – ''Chalcothraupis ruficervix''
|-
|[[File:Poecilostreptus palmeri - Gray-and-gold Tanager (cropped).jpg|150px]] ||''[[Poecilostreptus]]'' {{small|Burns, KJ, Unitt, & Mason, NA, 2016}} ||
* [[Azure-rumped tanager]] – ''Poecilostreptus cabanisi''
* [[Grey-and-gold tanager]] – ''Poecilostreptus palmeri''
|-
|[[File:Thraupis-episcopus-001.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Thraupis]]'' {{small|F. Boie, 1826}} ||
* [[Blue-grey tanager]] – ''Thraupis episcopus''
* [[Glaucous tanager]] – ''Thraupis glaucocolpa''
* [[Sayaca tanager]] – ''Thraupis sayaca''
* [[Azure-shouldered tanager]] – ''Thraupis cyanoptera''
* [[Golden-chevroned tanager]] – ''Thraupis ornata''
* [[Blue-capped tanager]] – ''Thraupis cyanocephala''<!-- Zootaxa1174:1 -->
* [[Blue-and-yellow tanager]] – ''Thraupis bonariensis''
** Darwin's tanager – ''T. b. darwinii''
* [[Yellow-winged tanager]] – ''Thraupis abbas''
* [[Palm tanager]] – ''Thraupis palmarum''
|-
|[[File:Tangara heinei Tángara capirotada Black-capped Tanager (male) (10937083674).jpg|150px]] ||''[[Stilpnia]]'' {{small|Burns, KJ, Unitt, & Mason, NA, 2016}} ||
{{Collapsible list
| bullets = true
| title = 15 species||[[Black-headed tanager]] – ''Stilpnia cyanoptera''|[[Black-hooded tanager]] – ''Stilpnia whitelyi''|[[Silver-backed tanager]] – ''Stilpnia viridicollis''|[[Sira tanager]] – ''Stilpnia phillipsi''|[[Straw-backed tanager]] – ''Stilpnia argyrofenges''|[[Black-capped tanager]] – ''Stilpnia heinei''|[[Golden-hooded tanager]] – ''Stilpnia larvata''|[[Blue-necked tanager]] – ''Stilpnia cyanicollis''|[[Masked tanager]] – ''Stilpnia nigrocincta''|[[Black-backed tanager]] – ''Stilpnia peruviana''|[[Chestnut-backed tanager]] – ''Stilpnia preciosa''|[[Green-capped tanager]] – ''Stilpnia meyerdeschauenseei''|[[Scrub tanager]] – ''Stilpnia vitriolina''|[[Burnished-buff tanager]] – ''Stilpnia cayana''|[[Lesser Antillean tanager]] – ''Stilpnia cucullata''
}}
|-
|[[File:Tangara xanthocephala by Francesco Veronesi.jpg|150px]] ||''[[Tangara (genus)|Tangara]]'' {{small|Brisson, 1760}} ||
{{Collapsible list
| bullets = true
| title = 28 species||[[Blue-and-black tanager]] – ''Tangara vassorii''|[[Beryl-spangled tanager]] – ''Tangara nigroviridis''|[[Spangle-cheeked tanager]] – ''Tangara dowii''|[[Green-naped tanager]] – ''Tangara fucosa''|[[Blue-browed tanager]] – ''Tangara cyanotis''|[[Rufous-cheeked tanager]] – ''Tangara rufigenis''|[[Metallic-green tanager]] – ''Tangara labradorides''|[[Bay-headed tanager]] – ''Tangara gyrola''|[[Rufous-throated tanager]] – ''Tangara rufigula''|[[Golden-eared tanager]] – ''Tangara chrysotis''|[[Saffron-crowned tanager]] – ''Tangara xanthocephala''|[[Flame-faced tanager]] – ''Tangara parzudakii''|[[Blue-whiskered tanager]] – ''Tangara johannae''|[[Green-and-gold tanager]] – ''Tangara schrankii''|[[Golden tanager]] – ''Tangara arthus''|[[Emerald tanager]] – ''Tangara florida''|[[Silver-throated tanager]] – ''Tangara icterocephala''|[[Seven-coloured tanager]] – ''Tangara fastuosa''|[[Green-headed tanager]] – ''Tangara seledon''|[[Red-necked tanager]] – ''Tangara cyanocephala''|[[Brassy-breasted tanager]] – ''Tangara desmaresti''|[[Gilt-edged tanager]] – ''Tangara cyanoventris''|[[Plain-coloured tanager]] – ''Tangara inornata''|[[Turquoise tanager]] – ''Tangara mexicana''|[[White-bellied tanager]] – ''Tangara brasiliensis''|[[Paradise tanager]]  – ''Tangara chilensis''|[[Opal-crowned tanager]] – ''Tangara callophrys''|[[Opal-rumped tanager]] – ''Tangara velia''
}}
|-
|}

===Genera formerly placed in Thraupidae===
[[Passerellidae]] – New World sparrows<ref name=barker2013>{{Cite journal | last1=Barker | first1=F.K. | last2=Burns | first2=K.J. | last3=Klicka | first3=J. | last4=Lanyon | first4=S.M. | last5=Lovette | first5=I.J. | date=2013 | title=Going to extremes: contrasting rates of diversification in a recent radiation of New World passerine birds | journal=Systematic Biology | volume=62 | issue=2 | pages=298–320 | doi=10.1093/sysbio/sys094 | pmid=23229025 | doi-access=free }}</ref>
*''[[Chlorospingus]]'' – eight species - bush-tanagers
*''[[Oreothraupis]]'' – tanager finch

[[Cardinalidae]] – cardinals<ref name=burns2003>{{Cite journal | last1=Burns | first1=K.J. | last2=Hackett | first2=S.J. | last3=Klein | first3=N.K. | date=2003 | title=Phylogenetic relationships of Neotropical honeycreepers and the evolution of feeding morphology | journal=Journal of Avian Biology | volume=34 | issue=4 | pages=360–370 | doi=10.1111/j.0908-8857.2003.03171.x}}</ref><ref name=klicka2007>{{cite journal | last1=Klicka | first1=J. | last2=Burns | first2=K. |last3=Spellman | first3=G. M. | year=2007 | title=Defining a monophyletic Cardinalini: A molecular perspective | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume= 45 | issue=3 | pages=1014–1032 | doi= 10.1016/j.ympev.2007.07.006 | pmid=17920298 | bibcode=2007MolPE..45.1014K }}</ref>
* ''[[Piranga]]'' – 9 species - northern tanagers
* ''[[Habia (bird)|Habia]]'' – five species - ant-tanagers or habias
* ''[[Chlorothraupis]]'' – three species
* ''[[Amaurospiza]]'' – four species

[[Fringillidae]] – subfamily [[Euphoniinae]]
* ''[[Euphonia]]'' – 27 species
* ''[[Chlorophonia]]'' – five species

[[Phaenicophilidae]] – Hispaniolan tanagers<ref name=barker2013/><ref name=barker2015>{{Cite journal | last1=Barker | first1=F.K. | last2=Burns | first2=K.J. | last3=Klicka | first3=J. | last4=Lanyon | first4=S.M. | last5=Lovette | first5=I.J. | date=2015 | title=New insights into New World biogeography: An integrated view from the phylogeny of blackbirds, cardinals, sparrows, tanagers, warblers, and allies | journal=The Auk | volume=132 | issue=2 | pages=333–348 | doi=10.1642/AUK-14-110.1 | doi-access=free }}</ref>
* ''[[Microligea]]'' – green-tailed warbler
* ''[[Xenoligea]]'' – white-winged warbler
* ''[[Phaenicophilus]]'' – two species

[[Mitrospingidae]] – Mitrospingid tanagers<ref name=barker2013/>
* ''[[Mitrospingus]]'' – two species
* ''[[Orthogonys]]'' – olive-green tanager
* ''[[Lamprospiza]]'' – red-billed pied tanager

[[Nesospingidae]]
* ''[[Nesospingus]]'' – Puerto Rican tanager<ref name=barker2013/><ref name=barker2015/>

[[Spindalidae]]
* ''[[Spindalis]]'' – four species - spindalises<ref name=barker2013/><ref name=barker2015/>

[[Calyptophilidae]]
* ''[[Calyptophilus]]'' – two species - chat-tanagers<ref name=barker2013/><ref name=barker2015/>

[[Rhodinocichlidae]]
* ''[[Rhodinocichla]]'' – rosy thrush-tanager<ref name=barker2013/><ref name=barker2015/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{Cite web |last=Remsen |first=J. V. Jr. |year=2016 |title=Proposal 730: Revise generic limits in the Thraupidae |url=http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCprop730.htm |publisher=South American Classification Committee, American Ornithologists' Union |access-date=7 October 2019 |ref=none}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060401011942/http://www.junglewalk.com/sound/Tanager-sounds.htm Jungle-walk.com tanager pictures]
* [http://ibc.lynxeds.com/family/tanagers-allies-thraupidae Tanager videos, photos and sounds] on the Internet Bird Collection
* {{Cite NSRW|short=x|wstitle=Tanager}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q666222}}

[[Category:Thraupidae| ]]
[[Category:Birds of the Americas]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Jean Cabanis]]