View source for Tamentfoust

{{Short description|Site in the Dar El Beïda District of Algiers in Algeria}}
{{Infobox ancient site
 |name = Tamentfoust
 |alternate_name = Rusguniae<br>La Pérouse
 |image = Tamentfoust-vue-port.jpg
 |caption = Tamentfoust port
 |map_type = Algeria
 |map_size = 250
 |location = [[Algeria]]
 |region = [[Algiers Province]]
 |coordinates = {{coord|36.75|5.066667|display=inline}}
 |embedded={{Infobox lighthouse | embed=yes | qid = Q28940223
  | location = Cap Matifou<br>Tamentfoust<br>[[Algeria]]
  | coordinates = {{coord|36|48|42.2|N|3|14|43.29|E|type:landmark|display=inline}}
  | yearbuilt = 1868
  | yeardeactivated = 
  | foundation = masonry base
  | construction = masonry tower 
  | shape = quadrangular tower with balcony and light attached to 1-storey keeper’s house<ref>{{Cite rowlett|dza|access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref>
  | marking = white tower
  | height = {{convert|6|m|ft}}
  | focalheight = {{convert|74|m|ft}}<ref name=listoflights113>{{cite ngall|113|2015|}}</ref>
  | lightsource = main power
  | range = {{convert|23|nmi}}<ref name=listoflights113/>
  | characteristic = Fl (3) W 15s.<ref name=listoflights113/>
  | managingagent = Office Nationale de Signalisation Maritime
 }}
}}
'''Tamentfoust''' ({{langx|ar|تمنتفوست}}), the [[classical antiquity|classical]] '''[[Rusguniae (ruins)|Rusguniae]]''' and [[French Algeria|colonial]] {{nowrap|'''La Pérouse'''}}, is a site in the [[Dar El Beïda District]] of [[Algiers]] in [[Algeria]].

==Geography==
Tamentfoust lies on [[Cape Matifou]], which forms the northeast side of the [[Bay of Algiers]].

{{anchor|Etymology|Toponymy|Name}}

==Names==
{{further|Maghreb placename etymology}}

The Roman name ''{{lang|la|Rusguniae}}'' is a [[latinization of names|latinization]] of the [[Punic language|Punic]] name {{sc|ršgny}} ({{lang|xpu|𐤓𐤔𐤂{{popdf}}𐤍{{popdf}}𐤉{{popdf}}}}), meaning "[[Francolin]] [[Headland|Cape]]" and referring to nearby Cape Matifou.{{sfnp|Huss|2006}} [[Claudius Ptolemy|Ptolemy]] [[hellenization|hellenized]] the name as ''Rhoustónion'' ({{langx|grc|Ῥουστόνιον}}),<ref>[[Claudius Ptolemy|Ptol.]], ''[[Ptolemy's Geography|Geogr.]]'', Book IV, Ch. ii, §6.</ref> and it appears in late sources as '''Rusgume''',<ref>''[[Ravenna Cosmography|Rav. Cosmogr.]]'', 40.43.</ref> '''Rugunie''',<ref>''[[Ravenna Cosmography|Rav. Cosmogr.]]'', 88.13.</ref> and '''Rusgimia'''.<ref>[[Guido of Pisa|Guido]], ''Geogr.'', 132.22.</ref>

The French name ''{{lang|fr|La Pérouse}}'' (literally "[[Perugia]]") honored the naval officer and explorer [[Jean-François de Galaup, comte de La Pérouse|Jean-François de Galaup]], who owned an estate of that name.

Tamentfoust is a [[Amazigh language|Berber]] name for "right side", from the cape's position relative to [[Algiers]]. The present name of the cape, Matifou, is a 14th-century [[Spanish language|Spanish]] approximation of the Berber name.

==History==
[[Rusguniae (ruins)|Rusguniae]] was established as a [[Phoenician colonies|colony]] along the trade route between the [[Strait of Gibraltar]] and [[Phoenicia]]. It consisted of a small fortress on Cape Matifou.{{sfnp|Huss|2006}} It eventually fell under [[Carthaginian Empire|Carthaginian]] control, probably during the 6th century{{nbsp}}BC.

After the [[Punic Wars]], the area fell under [[Roman Republic|Roman]] hegemony and [[Augustus]] established a [[Roman colony|colony]] there<ref>[[Pliny the Elder|Plin]]., [[Pliny's Natural History|''Nat. Hist.'']], [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Pliny_the_Elder/5*.html Book V, §20.]</ref><ref>[[Antonine Itinerary|''Ant. Itin.'']], 16.1.</ref> for the [[9th Legion]] at some point during his reign.{{sfnp|Huss|2006}}

In [[late antiquity]], it was part of the [[Vandal Kingdom]] prior to the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] [[Vandalic War|reconquest of Africa]]. It was [[Islamic conquest of the Maghreb|overrun]] by the [[Umayyad Caliphate]] in the 7th century.

[[Bordj Tamentfoust]] or Tamentfoust Castle was built by [[Ramdhan Agha]] in 1661. It was the site of the official declaration of a [[jihad]] against [[July Monarchy|France]] on 23 July 1830, in response to the [[Invasion of Algiers in 1830|French invasion]] of the country.

==Religion==
Rusguniae was a [[Early Christianity|Christian]] [[bishopric]]. It was notionally restored as a [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] [[titular see]] in the 20th century:

===List of bishops===
* José Gabriel Anaya y Diez de Bonilla (1967.09.15 – 1976.01.06)
* Paul Zinghtung Grawng (1976.01.24 – 1976.12.09) 
* Rigoberto Corredor Bermúdez (1988.02.26 – 1996.11.30)
* Anthony Ireri Mukobo, [[Consolata Missionaries|IMC]] (1999.12.22 – present)

== Ruins ==
Alongside the museum at [[Bordj Tamentfoust]], the site also has ruins of Roman Rusguniae. Maritime history is represented by the Naval Academy of Tamentfoust, known as the biggest naval academy on the continent. The views from the harbor are also a major attraction for visitors.

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Fort-tamentfoust.jpg|[[Bordj Tamentfoust]]
File:Mosaic_of_Rusguniae.jpg |Mosaic of Rusguniae
File:Eglise-sml.jpg |Old church
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[List of lighthouses in Algeria]]

==References==
===Citations===
{{reflist|30em}}

===Bibliography===
* {{citation |last=Huss |first=Werner |author-link=Werner Huß |contribution=Rusguniae |location=Leiden |publisher=Brill |title=Brill's New Pauly Encyclopedia of the Ancient World |date=2006 |editor=Hubert Cancik |editor2=Helmuth Schneider |editor3=Christine F. Salazar |editor4=Manfred Landfester |editor5=Francis G. Gentry |display-editors=0 }}.

== External links ==
* [http://tamentfoust.blogspot.com  Blog de Tamentfoust (Association Culturelle de Tmentfoust)]
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/former/t1478.htm GCatholic, with titular incumbent biography links]

{{Portal bar|Engineering}}
{{Algiers Province}}
{{Neighbourhoods in Algiers}}
{{Phoenician colonies}}

{{Coord|36.8058|3.2301|type:city|display=title}}

{{Authority control | additional=Q28940223}}

[[Category:Mediterranean port cities and towns in Algeria]]
[[Category:Algiers]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Algiers]]
[[Category:Lighthouses in Algeria]]
[[Category:Phoenician colonies in Algeria]]