View source for Talwar-class frigate

{{Short description|Class of stealth guided missile frigate}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
| Ship image = INS Talwar (F40) entering the port of Manama, Bahrain.jpg
| Ship caption = INS ''Talwar'' (F40) entering the port of [[Manama]], [[Bahrain]]
}}
{{Infobox ship class overview
| Name = ''Talwar'' class
| Builders = * [[Baltic Shipyard|Baltiysky Zavod]]
* [[Yantar Shipyard]]
* [[Goa Shipyard]]
| Operators = {{navy|India}}
| Class before = {{sclass|Brahmaputra|frigate|4}}
| Class after = {{sclass|Shivalik|frigate|4}}
| Subclasses = {{sclass|Admiral Grigorovich|frigate|4}}
| Cost = $1.9 billion for 4 ships (2024 estimate, $475 million per ship)<ref>{{cite web|first=Franz-Stefan |last=Gady|title=India Signs Contract For 2 Guided-Missile Frigates|url=https://thediplomat.com/2019/02/india-signs-contract-for-2-guided-missile-frigates/|date=2019-02-01}}</ref>
| Built range = 
| In service range = 
| In commission range = 
| Total ships building = 2
| Total ships planned = 10
| Total ships completed = 8
| Total ships cancelled = 
| Total ships active = 8
| Total ships laid up = 
| Total ships lost = 
| Total ships retired = 
| Total ships preserved = 
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
| Hide header = 
| Header caption = 
| Ship class = 
| Ship type = [[Frigate#Guided-missile role|Guided missile frigate]]
| Ship tonnage = 
| Ship displacement = {{convert|3850|t|ST|abbr=on}} standard load <ref name="rusnavy1">{{cite web|date=2010-10-13 |url=http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=10509 |title=Mikhailov: the contract on 3 frigates for India to be executed in 2012 |publisher=Rusnavy.com |access-date=2011-02-01}}</ref>
{{convert|4035|t|ST|abbr=on}} full load <ref name="shipyard-yantar1">{{cite web |url=http://www.shipyard-yantar.ru/en_news_view.php?id=69&PHPSESSID=69edf209249994321a5ec7a0ffac4a69 |title=The 3rd ship for the Indian Navy was carried out by JSC Shipyard "Yantar" |publisher=Shipyard-yantar.ru |access-date=2011-02-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220083234/http://www.shipyard-yantar.ru/en_news_view.php?id=69&PHPSESSID=69edf209249994321a5ec7a0ffac4a69 |archive-date=20 February 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
| Ship length = {{convert|124.8|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| Ship beam = {{convert|15.2|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| Ship height = 
| Ship draught = {{convert|4.2|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| Ship power = 
| Ship propulsion = * [[COGAG]] configuration
** [[Zorya-Mashproekt]] M7N.1E propulsion plant
** 2 × DS-71 cruise [[gas turbine]]s 
** {{convert|9850|shp|kW|abbr=on}} 
** 2 × DT-59 boost gas turbines
** {{convert|22185|shp|kW|abbr=on}}<ref name=mp26m11>{{cite news|title=Launch of sixth Project 11356 Talwar Class frigate for Indian Navy|url=http://articles.maritimepropulsion.com/article/Launch-of-sixth-Project-11356-Talwar-Class-frigate-for-Indian-Navy.aspx|access-date=19 December 2013|newspaper=Marine Propulsion|date=26 May 2011|archive-date=19 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219071123/http://articles.maritimepropulsion.com/article/Launch-of-sixth-Project-11356-Talwar-Class-frigate-for-Indian-Navy.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| Ship speed = {{convert|32|kn}}
| Ship range = * {{convert|4850|mi|nmi km|abbr=on}} at {{convert|14|kn|abbr=on}}
* {{convert|1600|mi|nmi km|abbr=on}} at {{convert|30|kn|abbr=on}}<ref name="br">{{cite web|title=Talwar (Krivak III) Class - Bharat Rakshak :: Indian Navy|url=https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/fleet/specs/180-talwar-class.html|website=bharat-rakshak.com|access-date=11 September 2016}}</ref>
| Ship endurance = 30 days
| Ship test depth = 
| Ship boats = 
| Ship capacity = 
| Ship troops = 
| Ship complement = 180 (18 officers)<ref name="br"/>
| Ship crew = 
| Ship time to activate = 
| Ship sensors = * 1 × 3Ts-25E Garpun-B I-band surface search radar
* 1 × MR-212/201-1 I-band navigation radar
* 1 × Kelvin Hughes Nucleus-2 6000A radar
* 1 × Ladoga-ME-11356 intertial navigation and stabilisation
* 1 × Fregat M2EM E-band 3D circular scan radar
* 1 × Ratep JSC 5P-10E Puma fire-control system (for [[AK-100 (naval gun)|100mm A-190E]])
* 1 × 3R14N-11356 fire-control system FCS (F40, F43, F45; for [[3M-54 Klub|Klub]])
* 4 × MR-90 Orekh fire-control system (for [[Buk missile system|Shtil-1]])
*[[Bharat Electronics|BEL]] HUMSA (Hull Mounted Sonar Array)<ref name="HUMSA"/>
| Ship EW = * 1 × TK-25E-5 EWS
* 1 × [[DRDO]] Shakti EWS<ref>{{cite news |title=Prime Minister to Formally Handover DRDO Designed and Developed Advanced Electronic Warfare Suite ‘Shakti’ for Indian Naval Ships to Chief of Naval Staff |url=https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1773020 |access-date=14 February 2025 |agency=Ministry of Defence, Government of India |publisher=Press Information Bureau |date=18 November 2021}}</ref> (from Batch-IV)
*'''Decoys :-'''
* 1 × PK-10 ship-borne [[Chaff (countermeasure)|decoy]] launching systems
* 4 × KT-216 decoy launchers
| Ship armament = See [[#Overview|Armaments]]
| Ship armour = 
| Ship armor = 
| Ship aircraft = * 1 × [[Kamov Ka-27|Ka-28]] (or) [[Kamov Ka-27|Ka-31]] (or) [[HAL Dhruv]]<ref name="br"/>
}}
|}

The '''''Talwar''-class''' ({{Lit|[[Talwar|Sword]]}}) frigates or '''Project 11356''' are a class of [[Stealth technology|stealth]] [[guided missile frigate]]s designed and built by [[Russia]] for the [[Indian Navy]]. The ''Talwar''-class guided missile frigates are the improved versions of the [[Krivak-class frigate#Nerei .28or Krivak III.29|Krivak III-class]] (Project 1135) frigates used by the [[Coast Guard (Russia)|Russian Coast Guard]]. The design has been further developed as the {{sclass|Admiral Grigorovich|frigate|1}} for the Russian Navy.  

Designed by [[Severnoye Design Bureau]], the first batch of ships were built by [[Baltic Shipyard]] and the second and third batch by [[Yantar Shipyard]]. Preceded by the [[Brahmaputra-class frigate|''Brahmaputra''-class frigates]], the ''Talwar''-class frigates are said to have semi-stealth features and better armament. The Indian Navy currently operates eight of these ships and two more are under construction at the [[Goa Shipyard]] in India.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Dangwal |first=Ashish |date=2024-03-11 |title=Indian Navy's Stealth Frigate 'Quietly' Begins Sea Trials In Russia; Ukraine War Fails To Deter Moscow, Delhi |url=https://www.eurasiantimes.com/indian-navys-stealth-frigate-quietly-begins-sea-trials-in-russia-ukraine-war-fails-to-deter-both-moscow-delhi/ |access-date=2024-03-11 |website=Latest Asian, Middle-East, EurAsian, Indian News |language=en-US}}</ref>

== History ==

=== Batch-I ===
On 17 November 1997, [[Russia]] and [[India]] signed a $1 billion contract, for three Krivak III-class multi-purpose frigates. The [[Indian Navy]] wanted to fill the gap created by the decommissioning of the {{sclass|Leander|frigate|2}}s until the [[Shivalik-class frigate|Project 17-class frigates]] entered service.

After the signing of the contract, [[Severnoye Design Bureau]] began a detail design layout and the shipbuilder, Baltisky Zavod of [[St. Petersburg]], began preparations for their construction. The project involved around 130 suppliers from Russia, India, Britain, Germany, Denmark, Belarus, Ukraine and other countries including over 30 St. Petersburg-based naval design organizations and institutes.

The first frigate, [[INS Talwar|INS ''Talwar'']] was delivered in May 2002. The second, [[INS Trishul|INS ''Trishul'']], was delivered in November 2002 and the third, [[INS Tabar|INS ''Tabar'']], in May 2003. The Russian firm delayed the delivery of three frigates by 13 months, 7 months and 11 months respectively. The contract stipulated the levy of liquidated damages for the delays and the same worked out to the equivalent of {{USD}}38.5 million. This was yet to be recovered as of December 2005.

=== Batch-II ===
The [[Government of India]] signed a follow-on contract for the purchase of three additional frigates on 14 July 2006. These ships will be built at [[Yantar Shipyard]] in [[Kaliningrad]]. The first frigate was scheduled for delivery in April 2011. These ships will feature BrahMos supersonic anti-ship cruise missile instead of the Klub-N/3M54TE missile system which was provided to the ''Talwar'', ''Trishul'' and ''Tabar'' frigates.

=== Batch-III ===
In July 2012, [[India Today]] reported the start of talks about purchasing three additional ''Talwar''-class frigates (No.7 to No.9).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://flotprom.ru/news/?ELEMENT_ID=117643|title=Индия ведет переговоры о заказе еще трех фрегатов проекта 11356}}</ref> In March 2016, it was reported that India and Russia are still negotiating the purchase of the additional ships.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tass.ru/en/defense/861603|title=Russia in talks with India to sell three Project 11356 frigates|agency=TASS|access-date=2016-03-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-12-22 |title=India, Russia likely to sign deal for 4 stealth frigates |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-russia-likely-to-sign-deal-for-4-stealth-frigates/article8014794.ece |access-date=2015-12-22 |newspaper=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

In September 2016, it was reported that India would acquire two {{sclass|Admiral Grigorovich|frigate|1}}s from Russia and remaining two will be built in India.<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 September 2016 |title=India, Russia discuss $4bn deal for 4 stealth frigates |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India-Russia-discuss-4bn-deal-for-4-stealth-frigates/articleshow/54159343.cms |access-date=2016-09-08 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> These frigates are based on the ''Talwar'' class and were to be commissioned into the Russian Navy, but after the start of the [[Russo-Ukrainian war]], Ukraine refused to supply any more engines for the Russian ships. As of then, only two of the six have been commissioned by Russia.<ref>{{cite web |last=Novichkov |first=Nikolai |date=4 August 2016 |title=India to acquire three Admiral Grigorovich-class frigates from Russia |url=http://www.janes.com/article/62776/india-to-acquire-three-admiral-grigorovich-class-frigates-from-russia |access-date=26 October 2016 |website=janes.com}}</ref> In August 2017, the Indian Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) cleared a proposal of {{INRConvert|490|c|lk=on|year=2017}} to buy two gas turbines from Zorya-Mashproekt in Ukraine for the {{sclass|Admiral Grigorovich|frigate|1}}s being built in Russia.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-08-17 |title=Defence ministry approves acquisition of six Apache attack helicopters for Indian Army |url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/defence-ministry-approves-acquisition-of-six-apache-attack-helicopters-for-indian-army-3941995.html |access-date=2017-08-17 |work=Firstpost |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-08-17 |title=Defence ministry clears proposal to buy six Apache attack helicopters for Indian Army |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/defence-ministry-clears-proposal-to-buy-six-apache-attack-helicopters-for-indian-army/812628/ |access-date=2017-08-17 |work=The Financial Express |language=en-US}}</ref> Each M7N1 system includes two DT59 top speed (boost) gas turbines, two DS71 cruise turbines, two R063, one R1063 reduction gears and its control system. It can provide a total power output of {{Convert|44000|hp|kW|abbr=on}}. The powerplants were delivered to Kaliningrad Shipyard in late 2020 to early 2021.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Grotnik |first=Tomasz |date=2024-12-09 |title=India Commissions 7th Project 11356 frigate - INS Tushil |url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2024/12/india-commissions-7th-project-11356-frigate-ins-tushil/ |access-date=2024-12-10 |website=Naval News |language=en-US}}</ref>

In October 2018, Indian [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]] signed a deal for {{INRConvert|8000|c|lk=on|year=2018}} for procuring two {{sclass|Admiral Grigorovich|frigate|1}}s, ''Admiral Butakov'' (renamed INS ''Tushil'') and ''Admiral Istomin'' (renamed INS ''Tamala'').<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pubby |first1=Manu |date=29 October 2018 |title=India inks $950 million deal for Russian frigates |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/india-inks-950-million-deal-for-russian-frigates/articleshow/66408319.cms |newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2018 |title=India signs USD950 million deal for two Russian-built frigates |url=https://www.janes.com/article/84129/india-signs-usd950-million-deal-for-two-russian-built-frigates}}</ref><ref name="gs11356">{{cite web |date=20 November 2018 |title=India, Russia sign $500 million navy deal for 2 stealth frigates |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-russia-to-hammer-out-mega-navy-deal-in-goa-today/story-sgP4UUXPwkY6XtDkQadNTI.html |access-date=20 November 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite news |date=2024-11-11 |title=Russia to deliver first of two missile frigates by month-end |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/russia-to-deliver-first-of-two-missile-frigates-by-month-end/articleshow/115152914.cms#amp_tf=From%20%251$s&aoh=17313347570304&csi=0&referrer=https://www.google.com&ampshare=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/russia-to-deliver-first-of-two-missile-frigates-by-month-end/articleshow/115152914.cms |access-date=2024-11-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The two frigates was scheduled to be delivered to Indian Navy by 2022.<ref>{{cite web |date=2018-10-29 |title=India signs USD950 million deal for two Russian-built frigates |url=https://www.janes.com/article/84129/india-signs-usd950-million-deal-for-two-russian-built-frigates |access-date=2018-11-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2018-10-29 |title=India, Russia Sign $950 Million Deal For 2 Guided-Missile Frigates |url=https://thediplomat.com/2018/10/india-russia-sign-950-million-deal-for-2-guided-missile-frigates |access-date=2018-11-20}}</ref> The last frigate, the former Admiral Kornilov, is to be sold abroad. (Total: 3 ships built for the Russian Navy, 3 ships under construction for sale abroad).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-30 |title=India signs $950 million contract with Russia to buy two stealth frigates |url=https://www.defensenews.com/naval/2018/10/30/india-signs-950-million-contract-with-russia-to-buy-two-stealth-frigates/I}}</ref>

On 11 March 2024, reports emerged that INS ''Tushil'', being built by [[Yantar Shipyard]] has started sea trials. The initial Pennant number is ''435''.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1">{{cite web |date=11 March 2024 |title=INS Tushil (Talwar-class Frigate) has begun sea trials in Russia. |url=https://twitter.com/NewsIADN/status/1767157992691232919 |access-date=11 March 2024}}</ref> In April 2024, a report suggested that INS ''Tushil'' will be delivered to India in September 2024 whereas INS ''Tamala'' will be handed over in February 2025. The timeline is on track as of July 2024.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2024-04-05 |title=Russia-Made Warships Set to Join India's Navy, Despite Sanctions |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/us-news/russiamade-warships-set-to-join-india-s-navy-despite-sanctions-101712313722418.html |access-date=2024-04-06 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Delayed Due To War, 2 Navy Warships Being Built In Russia Likely To Be Commissioned By Year End |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/delayed-due-to-russia-ukraine-war-2-indian-navy-warships-ins-tamal-ins-tushil-being-built-in-russia-likely-to-be-commissioned-by-year-end-5393580 |access-date=2024-04-07 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Stealth frigates from Russia to be delivered in September 2024, February 2025 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/stealth-frigates-from-russia-to-be-delivered-in-september-2024-february-2025/article68407630.ece |access-date=2024-07-16 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> As of July 2024, to conduct acceptance trials for the two frigates being built in Yantar shipyard, a team of around 200 personnel of the Indian Navy are in Russia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-17 |title=India to finally get its new stealth frigate 'Tushil', crew of about 200 carrying out acceptance trials |url=https://theprint.in/defence/india-to-finally-get-its-new-stealth-frigate-tushil-crew-of-about-200-carrying-out-acceptance-trials/2178539/ |access-date=2024-07-18 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> It was reported in September 2024 that INS ''Tushil'' is to be commissioned by 2024-end.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1837104398679384228 |user=Sputnik_India |title=EXCLUSIVE: 7 warships, one submarine to join 🇮🇳 Navy in next 4 months — defence sources to Sputnik India One ship is being built in 🇷🇺Russia, while the rest are being made in India... |date=2024-09-20 |access-date=2024-09-22}}</ref> INS ''Tushil'' was commissioned by [[Indian defense minister|Indian Defence Minister]] [[Rajnath Singh]] on 9 December 2024 during a formal visit to Russia.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Rajnath Singh To Commission Navy's New Frigate 'INS Tushil' In Russia Today |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/defence-minister-rajnath-singh-to-commission-navys-new-frigate-ins-tushil-in-russia-today-7204634 |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=NDTV.com |language=en}}</ref> The frigate was handed over to the Indian crew of over 200 officers and sailors at Kaliningrad Shipyard. 

The latter INS ''Tamal'' is to be delivered in early 2025.<ref name=":4" /> As of February 2025, INS ''Tamal'' is to be commissioned in early June 2025 following delivery acceptance trials.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Prasad |first=Manish |date=1 July 2025 |title=INS Tamal commissioned in Russia: Indian Navy's last foreign-built warship joins the fleet |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/ins-tamal-commissioned-in-russia-indian-navy-s-last-foreign-built-warship-joins-the-fleet-all-you-need-to-know-about-it-2025-07-01-996967 |website=India TV}}</ref>

On 20 March 2025, the Defence Acquisition Council approved the procurement of [[Buk missile system|Shtil-1]] missiles for the upgraded ''Talwar''-class frigates.<ref name=":10">{{Cite news |date=2025-03-21 |title=Modernisation proposals worth Rs 54,000 crore get ministry of defence’s initial nod |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/modernisation-proposals-worth-rs-54000-crore-get-ministry-of-defences-initial-nod/articleshow/119278163.cms |access-date=2025-03-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

The Indian Navy commissioned INS ''Tamal'' in Russia on 1 July 2025. The commissioning ceremony was presided over by [[Vice admiral (India)|Vice Admiral]] [[Sanjay Jasjit Singh]], Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief, [[Western Naval Command]] of the Indian Navy, in the presence of many high-ranking Indian and Russian government and defence officials.<ref name=":0" />

=== Batch-IV ===
A contract, worth {{INRConvert|13000|c|lk=on|year=2018}}, was signed between [[Rosoboronexport]] and [[Goa Shipyard]] for the construction of 2 frigates under license on 20 November 2018. The two frigates will be armed with BrahMos missile system and will include a host of Indian equipment and will be delivered by 2027.<ref name="gs11356" /><ref name=":4" /> The contract for the two ships was awarded to [[Goa Shipyard|Goa Shipyard Limited]] by the [[Government of India]] on 30 January 2019.<ref>{{cite web |date=2019-01-30 |title=Contract Signing with M/S Goa Shipyard Limited for Acquisition of two additional Project 1135.6 Follow-on Ships for Indian Navy |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=187863 |access-date=2019-01-30 |publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India}}</ref> The two frigates being built at [[Goa Shipyard]] will boast much higher indigenous content and will be named Triput class frigate. The new class of ship will feature [[Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited|BHEL]]-manufactured [[OTO Melara 76 mm|OTO Melara 76 mm gun]] instead of its Russian counterpart, along with other Indian weapon and sensors.<ref name="triput-290921">{{cite web |date=2021-09-29 |title=India's BHEL to Supply Upgraded Main Guns for Indian Navy Frigates |url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2021/09/indias-bhel-to-supply-upgraded-main-guns-for-indian-navy-frigates/ |access-date=2021-12-26 |publisher=Naval News}}</ref>

In September 2021, India ordered two sets of modified M7N2E units for Batch-4 frigates at the coast of $100 million which has upgrades like microprocessor control system and a power output of {{Convert|58000|hp|kW|abbr=on}}, higher than previous subclasses. The powerplants are scheduled to be delivered by December 2022 and July 2023, respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zorya-Mashproekt Wins New Order to Supply Gas Turbine Power Plants for Integration into Indian Navy’s Future Talwar-Class Frigates {{!}} Defense Express |url=https://en.defence-ua.com/news/zorya_mashproekt_wins_new_order_to_supply_gas_turbine_power_plants_for_integration_into_indian_navys_future_talwar_class_frigates-1970.html |access-date=2024-12-10 |website=en.defence-ua.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":7" />

On 23 July 2024, INS ''Triput'' was launched by GSL shipyard.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-23 |title=First indigenous frigate Triput launched by Goa Shipyard Limited |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/first-indigenous-frigate-triput-launched-by-goa-shipyard-limited20240723182918/ |access-date=2024-07-24 |website=[[Asian News International|ANI]]}}</ref> As of then, the delivery of INS ''Triput'' is expected in 2026 and the next ship shall be delivered after 6 months of the former.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":3" />

As of February 2025, the last ship of the class was to be launched within few months and the schedules were on track.<ref name=":0" />

On 20 March 2025, the Defence Acquisition Council approved the procurement of [[Buk missile system|Shtil-1]] missiles for the upgraded ''Talwar''-class frigates.<ref name=":10" />

The last of the locally produced ''Talwar''-class frigate, ''Tavasya'', was launched at Goa Shipyard on 22 March 2025.<ref name="PIB-220325">{{cite press release |title=Second Frigate of Project 1135.6 built by GSL launched |date=2025-03-22 |publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]] |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2114025 |access-date=2025-03-22 |work=}}</ref>

== Design and description ==
[[File:INS Trikand (F51)-image10.jpg|thumb|300px|{{INS|Trikand|F51|6}} at [[Portsmouth Naval Base]], UK.]]
The [[Severnoye Design Bureau]] developed the Project 1135.6 vessel using an earlier Project 1135.1 design, which dated back to the early 1980s. The ship's redesigned topside and hull has a considerably reduced radar cross-section. While the superstructure sides are sloped and relatively clean, the very cluttered topside of the ship cannot be remotely described as having any signature reducing features. These frigates will be the first Indian Navy warships to incorporate some stealth features. The ship's hull is characterized by outward flare and tumblehome, while the superstructure (which forms a continuous junction with the hull) has a large fixed tumblehome angle.

=== Power plant ===
The ''Talwar''s features the Zorya designed and Mashproekt (Ukraine) manufactured M7N.1E gas turbine plant which comprises two DS-71 cruise turbines and two DT-59 boost turbines in two engine rooms. The cruising component consists of two DS-71 gas-turbine engines, each rated at {{convert|9000|hp|kW|lk=in}} in forward running, and {{convert|1500|hp|kW|abbr=on}} in reverse. Two cruising RO63 two-speed gearboxes and one cruising R1063 auxiliary gearbox which makes it possible to use any of the cruising engines to drive both propeller shafts. A boost component with two DT-59.1 gas-turbine engines, each rated at {{convert|19500|hp|kW|abbr=on}} forward running, {{convert|4500|hp|kW|abbr=on}} in reverse and two RO58 single-speed reduction gearboxes. The four gas turbines are mounted on isolated cradles which minimize their contact with the hull and thereby considerably reduce the transmission of her vibration and sound.<ref name=mp26m11/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/Articles/Article13.html |title=Unsheathing The Talwar |publisher=Bharat-rakshak.com |date=2003-08-12 |access-date=2011-02-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609101541/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/Articles/Article13.html |archive-date=9 June 2011}}</ref>

Electrical power is provided by four 1&nbsp;MW [[Wärtsilä]] WCM-1000 generator sets with Cummins KTA50G3 engines and Kirloskar 1&nbsp;MV AC generators. The contract for the generators was signed with [[Wärtsilä|Wärtsilä Denmark]].

=== Flight deck ===
The ''Talwar'' class can accommodate one [[Kamov Ka-27|Ka-28]] Helix-A antisubmarine helicopter or one [[Kamov Ka-27|Ka-31]] Helix-B [[airborne early warning]] helicopter which can provide over-the-horizon targeting. The vessel can also embark the navalised variant of the indigenous [[HAL Dhruv]].

== Armament ==
The frigates are armed with a new [[3M-54 Klub]] anti-ship system with a vertical missile launcher, Shtil-1 multi-channel medium-range surface-to-air missile system (an export version of the [[Buk missile system#3S90 "Uragan" / M-22, or for export "Shtil"|SA-N-12 "Grizzly"]]), a [[Kashtan CIWS|Kashtan]] anti-aircraft missile and artillery system, a [[RBU-6000]] depth charge launcher and Puma-Universal artillery system. These ships are designed to carry and operate one heavy duty helicopter.

=== Overview ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Batch I
!Batch II
!Batch III
!Batch IV
|-
| colspan="4" style="background-color:#e3e9e9;" |{{center|'''[[Surface-to-surface missile|Surface-to-surface]]/[[Anti-ship missile|Anti-ship]] missiles'''}}
|-
|8 × VLS launched [[3M-54 Klub|Klub]], anti-ship cruise missiles
| colspan="3" |8 × VLS launched [[BrahMos]], anti-ship and land-attack cruise missiles
|-
| colspan="4" style="background-color:#e3e9e9;" |{{center|[[Surface-to-air missile|'''Surface-to-air missiles''']]}}
|-
| colspan="2" |1 × [[Buk missile system#3S90M, or for export "Shtil-1"|Shtil-1]] single-arm [[surface-to-air missile]] launcher (24 missiles)
| colspan="2" |2 × 12-cell [[Buk missile system#3S90M, or for export "Shtil-1"|Shtil-1]] [[vertical launching system]] (VLS) [[surface-to-air missile]]s
|-
| colspan="4" |8 × [[9K38 Igla#Igla-1|Igla-1E]] ([[SA-16]]) [[Man-portable air-defense system|MANPADS]] based [[point-defence]] surface-to-air missile system
|-
| colspan="4" style="background-color:#e3e9e9;" |{{center|'''[[Naval guns|Naval gun]]/[[Close-in weapon system|CIWS]]'''}}
|-
| colspan="4" |
* 1 × [[AK-100 (naval gun)|A-190E 100 mm]] naval gun [All; except INS ''Trishul'' (F43)] 

* 1 × [[OTO Melara 76 mm]] naval gun [INS Trishul (F43)]
|-
| colspan="4" |
* 2 × [[AK-630]] CIWS [All; except INS ''Talwar'' (F40) and INS ''Tabar'' (F44)]

* 2 × [[Kashtan CIWS|Kashtan]] CIWS [INS ''Talwar'' (F40) and INS ''Tabar'' (F44)]
|-
| colspan="4" style="background-color:#e3e9e9;" |{{center|[[Anti-submarine weapon|'''Anti-submarine weapons''']]}}
|-
| colspan="4" |
* 2 × twin 533mm DTA-53-11356 torpedo tubes
* 1 × [[RBU-6000|RBU-6000 (RPK-8)]] rocket launcher<ref name="br" />
|}

=== Primary weapon ===
In the main strike role, an eight-cell 3S14E [[Vertical launching system|vertical missile launcher]] is fitted, which accommodates the [[3M-54E Klub|3M-54E Klub-N]] [[anti-ship missile]] developed by the [[Novator Design Bureau]]. The Agat Research and Production Enterprise has supplied the 3R14N-11356 shipborne fire-control system associated with the Klub-N. The 3M-54E Klub is an {{convert|8.22|m|ft}} long missile using active radar guidance with a range of {{convert|220|km}}. It is a three-stage missile in which the terminal stage reaches [[supersonic]] velocity (Mach 2.9) when it is approximately {{convert|20|km|abbr=on}} from its target.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Talwar Class Guided Missile Frigate, India |url=https://www.naval-technology.com/projects/talwarclassfrigate/ |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=Naval Technology |language=en-US}}</ref>

The later batches of 7 ships (''Teg'' onwards) are fitted with the [[BrahMos]] supersonic cruise missile, which has a range of {{convert|300|km}} and moves with the velocity of Mach 3 throughout its flight.<ref name=hindu1>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/INS-Teg-to-be-commissioned-in-navy-today/Article1-847009.aspx |title=INS Teg to be commissioned in navy today |work=Hindustan Times|date=27 April 2012 |access-date=26 September 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614201940/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/INS-Teg-to-be-commissioned-in-navy-today/Article1-847009.aspx |archive-date=14 June 2012}}</ref><ref name=thehindu>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ins-tarkash-second-stealth-frigate-commissioned-into-indian-navy/article4081694.ece |title=INS Tarkash, second stealth frigate, commissioned into Indian Navy |work=The Hindu|date=9 November 2012 |access-date=26 September 2014}}</ref><ref name=indiatimes>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiatimes.com/boyz-toyz/ships-and-planes/ins-trikand-commissioned-into-indian-navy-86178.html |title=INS Trikand Commissioned into Indian Navy |work=The Times of India |date=30 June 2013 |access-date=26 September 2014}}</ref>

By 2024, the Klub missile launchers on INS ''Talwar'' and INS ''Tabar'' of the first batch was replaced by BrahMos-capable UVLM launchers while the same change for INS ''Trishul'' yet to be done.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-21 |title=योग दिवस पर आई बड़ी खबर... INS Talwar में दिखा ब्रह्मोस UVLM, जानिए कितनी बढ़ी ताकत |url=https://www.aajtak.in/defence-news/story/ins-talwar-of-indian-navy-fitted-with-brahmos-uvlm-universal-vertical-launcher-module-know-the-benefits-of-new-launch-system-1969942-2024-06-21 |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=2023-07-06 |title=INS Trishul F43: Upgrades, Plus Talwar updates summarized |url=https://battlemachines.org/2023/07/06/ins-trishul-upgrades/ |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=Battle Machines |language=en}}</ref>

=== Air defence ===
The Shtil-1 [[surface-to-air missile|SAM]] system with a 3S-90 single rail missile launcher is fitted forward of the bridge and is armed with the 9M317 (SA-N-12 "Grizzly", navalised SA-17) missile. 24 missiles are carried in a magazine located below deck. Guidance and target illumination for these missiles is provided by four MR-90 Orekh (NATO: Front Dome) radars, which are connected to a command and control post. The [[SA-N-12]] missile uses a combination of inertial guidance and [[semi-active radar homing]] to its maximum range of {{convert|32|km|abbr=on}}. The {{convert|70|kg|abbr=on}} blast-fragmentation warhead is triggered by a radar [[proximity fuze]]. The missile's control system and warhead can be adjusted to a specific target following target recognition, which increases hit probability. Eight [[SA-16|Igla-1E (SA-16)]] portable air defence missiles are also carried.

However, the configuration of Shtil-1 missiles were changed into [[vertical launching system]] (VLS) with an enhanced range of {{convert|50|km|abbr=on}} for Batch-3 and Batch-4 frigates. The single rail launchers were replaced by two 12 (2×6)-missile launcher configuration.<ref name=":62">{{Cite web |date=2024-12-09 |title=INS Tushil, latest multi role stealth guided missile frigate, commissioned into Indian Navy in the presence of Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh in Russia |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2082369 |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=NEWS |first=REDIFF |title=INS Tushil Arrives In London |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/report/ins-tushil-arrives-in-london/20241225.htm |access-date=2024-12-25 |website=Rediff |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Shipborne medium-range air defence missile system with 9M317E and 9М317ME surface-to-air missiles Shtil-1  {{!}} Catalog Rosoboronexport |url=https://roe.ru/eng/catalog/naval-systems/shipborne-weapons/shtil-1 |url-status=live |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240724120717/http://roe.ru/eng/catalog/naval-systems/shipborne-weapons/shtil-1/ |archive-date=2024-07-24 |access-date=2024-12-25 |website=roe.ru}}</ref>

=== Main gun ===
One 100&nbsp;mm A-190E gun is fitted forward for use against ship and shore based targets The A-190(E) uses a lightweight gun mount with an automatic gun and [[Fuze#Munition types|fuze]] setter. Fire control is provided by the 5P-10E Puma [[fire control system|FCS]]. The gun can fire 60 rounds a minute out to a range of {{convert|8.2|nmi|km|lk=in}}. The weight of each shell is {{convert|16|kg}}.

By 2023, INS ''Trishul'' had her 100mm gun replaced by a [[OTO Melara 76 mm]] SRGM (Super Rapid Gun Mount) paired with [[Bharat Electronics|BEL]] Lynx-U2 [[Fire-control system|FCS]] naval gun after her refit. The other ships of the class may be similarly modified.<ref name=":8" />

The gun features higher automation of fire preparation and control and employs advanced guided and [[rocket-assisted projectile|rocket-assisted]] long-range and enhanced-lethality projectiles fitted with dual-mode impact/[[proximity fuze]]s. Together with the use of the muzzle velocity meter, it is designed to produce increased combat capability. In addition, the gun turret features stealth technology to minimize the radar signature of a ship.

=== Close-in weapon system (CIWS) ===
For the [[CIWS]] role, two [[Kashtan CIWS|Kashtan]] air defence gun and missile systems are used. Each system consists of two [[Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-6-30|GSh-30k]] (AO-18K) six-barreled 30&nbsp;mm [[Gatling gun]]s, fed by a link-less mechanism, and two [[SA-N-11]] (navalised variant of the 9M311, SA-19) SAM clusters. The system also includes a storing and reloading system to keep 32 SAMs in container-launchers in the vessel's under-deck spaces. The later batches of 7 ships (''Teg'' onwards) are fitted with the [[AK-630]] system, replacing the Kashtan system in the earlier ships.<ref>{{cite news|title=India's second Russian-built Talwar-class frigate enters service|url=http://www.janes.com/article/23268/india-s-second-russian-built-talwar-class-frigate-enters-service|access-date=19 August 2013|newspaper=Jane's|date=11 November 2012}}</ref> After her mid-life refit, INS ''Trishul'' has also been fitted with the [[AK-630]] in place of the Kashtan system.<ref name=":8" />

=== Anti-submarine warfare ===
The ships carry the [[RPK-8]] system, which uses a 12-barrelled [[RBU-6000]] ASW rocket launcher<ref name="defenceweb">{{cite news|title=India gains new "stealth" frigate|url=http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=15817:india-gains-new-stealth-frigate-&catid=51:Sea&Itemid=106|access-date=3 September 2016|work=defenceweb.co.za}}</ref> to fire the 212&nbsp;mm 90R anti-submarine rocket or RGB-60 [[depth charges]]. The firing range is from {{convert|600|to|4300|m|ft}}, and the depth of engagement is up to {{convert|1000|m|ft}}.

Two twin 533&nbsp;mm DTA-53-11356 fixed [[torpedo]] tube launchers are fitted amidships and fire the SET-65E/53-65KE torpedoes. The Purga anti-submarine fire-control system provides control for both the RBU-6000 and DTA-53 launchers.

== Electronics and sensors ==

=== Radar ===
*'''Surface search''': One 3Ts-25E Garpun-B radar at I-band frequency, using both active and passive channels, provides long-range surface target designation. One MR-212/201-1 radar at I-band frequency is used for navigation and a separate Kelvin Hughes Nucleus-2 6000A radar set is used for short-range navigation and surface surveillance. Also fitted with a Ladoga-ME-11356 inertial navigation and stabilisation suite supplied by Elektropribor.
*'''Air/surface search''': One Fregat M2EM (NATO: Top Plate) 3D circular scan radar at E-band frequency, provides target indication to the Shtil-1 missile system. Featuring continuous electronically scanned arrays, the radar rotates at 12 or 6 rpm and has an instrumented range to 300&nbsp;km.
*'''Fire control''': Features a Ratep JSC 5P-10E Puma fire control system, consisting of a phased array and target tracking radar along with laser and TV devices. The system, fitted above the bridge deck, features in-flight course correction updates via data links, has a maximum detection range of 60&nbsp;km, operates autonomously and is capable of automatically locking on to four targets and tracking them.

=== Sonar ===
According to some reports, the APSOH (Advanced Panoramic Sonar Hull) hull-mounted sonar is fitted on the vessels. The APSOH sonar performs active ranging, passive listening, auto tracking of targets and classification. Other reports indicate that the [[Bharat Electronics|BEL]] HUMSA (Hull Mounted Sonar Array) sonar is fitted. The HUMSA is a panoramic medium-range active/passive sonar system developed by the [[Naval Physical and Oceanographic Laboratory]] (NPOL).<ref name="HUMSA">{{Cite web |title=Advanced Active cum Passive Integrated Sonar System |url=https://bel-india.in/product/advanced-active-cum-passive-integrated-sonar-system-humsa-ng/ |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=BEL |language=en-US}}</ref>

Information released from the Severnoye Design Bureau (SDB) indicate that French towed array sonars (TAS) are also fitted. This is very plausible given that many Indian Navy ships now use French TAS, however INS ''Talwar'' shows no signs of such a system. The vessel may also have a Russian SSN-137 Variable Depth Sonar (VDS) with [[NATO reporting name]] Steer Hide, providing active search with medium frequency, and the sonar might be license produced in India with Indian designation SSSN-113.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/year-2014-news/december-2014-navy-naval-forces-maritime-industry-technology-security-global-news/2229-atlas-elektronik-actas-towed-sonar-system-selected-by-indian-navy-for-frigates-a-destroyers.html |title=ATLAS ELEKTRONIK ACTAS Towed Sonar System selected by Indian Navy for Frigates & Destroyers |date=5 December 2014}}</ref>

=== Countermeasures ===
The frigate features the Russian-made TK-25E-5 integrated electronic warfare suite, which comprises a wideband electronic support measures system that has antenna arrays mounted in the superstructure and a multimode jammer. Four KT-216 decoy launchers, forming part of the PK-10 system, are fitted for soft-kill defence. A total of 120 120mm chaff and infrared decoy rounds are carried on board.

Some ships of the class including [[INS Tabar]] have had their TK-25E-5 ESM suites replaced with [[Bharat Electronics|BEL]] manufactured Varuna ESM systems with their distinctive circular housing located above the Fregat radar.

=== Combat data system ===
*The Trebovaniye-M combat information and control platform is a fully distributed combat management system. It controls all platforms of attack and defence weapons, independently generates combat missions based on situation analysis, determines optimal number of missile firings, displays information on the state of ship-borne weaponry and transmits data to protection systems.
*Interconnected via an Ethernet LAN, Trebovaniye-M features eight T-171 full-colour operator workstations (with 18-inch colour flat panel displays) and three central T-162 servers. Individual items of combat system equipment interface to Trebovaniye-M via T-119 and T-190 bus interface units. Raw radar data is received through a T-181 data reception unit.

== Ships of the class ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Pennant
!Builder
!Laid Down
!Launched
!Commissioned
!Status
|-
! colspan="7" | Batch 1
|-
| {{INS|Talwar|F40|2}}
| F40
| rowspan=3|[[Baltic Shipyard|Baltiysky Zavod]]
| 10 March 1999
| 12 May 2000
| 18 June 2003
| rowspan="3" |Active
|-
| {{INS|Trishul|F43|2}}
| F43
| 24 September 1999
| 24 November 2000
| 25 June 2003
|-
| {{INS|Tabar|F44|2}}
| F44
| 26 May 2000
| 25 May 2001
| 19 April 2004
|-
! colspan="7" | Batch 2
|-
| {{INS|Teg|F45|2}}
| F45
| rowspan=3|[[Yantar Shipyard]]
| July 2007
| 27 November 2009
| 27 April 2012<ref>{{cite web |date=2 April 2012 |title=Russia to Deliver INS Teg on April 27 |url=http://navaltoday.com/2012/04/02/russia-to-deliver-ins-teg-on-april-27/ |access-date=26 September 2014 |publisher=navaltoday.com}}</ref>
| rowspan="3" |Active
|-
| {{INS|Tarkash|F50|2}}
| F50
| November 2007
| 23 June 2010
| 9 November 2012<ref>{{cite web|url=http://navaltoday.com/2012/10/03/indian-navy-to-take-over-ins-tarkash-in-november/ |title=Indian Navy to Take Over INS Tarkash in November |publisher=navaltoday.com |date=3 October 2012 |access-date=26 September 2014}}</ref>
|-
| {{INS|Trikand|F51|2}}
| F51
| 11 June 2008
| 25 May 2011<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=12289 |title=Yantar shipyard prepared third Indian frigate for launch |publisher=rusnavy.com | date=19 May 2011 |access-date=26 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.in.msn.com/national/article.aspx?cp-documentid=5389601 |title=Delivery of stealth frigates from Russia delayed: Antony |publisher=MSN News |date=25 August 2011 |access-date=26 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219222047/http://news.in.msn.com/national/article.aspx?cp-documentid=5389601 |archive-date=19 December 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 29 June 2013<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90777/8299458.html |title=Russian shipyard to deliver third frigate to India |work=english.people.cn |date=26 June 2013 |access-date=26 September 2014}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="7" | Batch 3
|-
| ''{{INS|Tushil||2}}'' (ex -''Butakov'')
|F70
| rowspan="2"|[[Yantar Shipyard]]
| 13 July 2013
| 28 October 2021 <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2021/10/russias-yantar-shipyard-launches-7th-talwar-class-frigate-for-india|title=Russia's Yantar Shipyard Launches 7th Talwar-Class Frigate For India|publisher=Naval News|access-date=26 September 2014}}</ref>
|9 December 2024<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ray |first=Kalyan |date=2024-12-06 |title=Indian Navy's Russia-manufactured guided missile frigate INS Tushil to be commissioned Monday |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/indian-navys-russia-manufactured-guided-missile-frigate-ins-tushil-to-be-commissioned-monday-3307073 |access-date=2024-12-06 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>
| rowspan="2" |Active
|-
| ''[[INS Tamala|Tamala]]'' (ex-''Istomin'')
|F71
| 15 November 2013
| {{N/A}}
|1 July 2025<ref name=":0" />
|-
! colspan="7" | Batch 4
|-
| ''Triput''
|
| rowspan="2"|[[Goa Shipyard]]
| 29 January 2021<ref name="gsl-180621">{{cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1728343|title=KEEL LAYING FOR SECOND FRIGATE OF P11356 PROJECT AT GOA SHIPYARD LIMITED|publisher=PIB|date=2021-06-18}}</ref>
| 23 July 2024<ref name="trip_l-230724">{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/live/HmuJ19z75fM|title=Launching Ceremony of GSL Yard 1258 1st Frigate of Project 1135.6|work=Goa Shipyard|date=2024-07-23}}</ref>
| October 2026 ''(exp.)''<ref name="GNH-230724">{{cite web|url=https://goanewshub.com/goa-shipyard-launches-its-first-frigate-for-indian-navy/|title=Goa Shipyard Launches its first frigate for Indian Navy |work=Goa News Hub|date=2024-07-23}}</ref>
| rowspan="2"|Launched<ref name="trip_l-230724" />
|-
| ''Tavasya''
|
| 18 June 2021<ref name="gsl-180621"/>
| 22 March 2025<ref name="PIB-220325"/>
| 2027 ''(exp.)''<ref name="GNH-230724"/>
|}

==See also==
* [[List of active Indian Navy ships]]
* [[Future ships of the Indian Navy]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*[http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/Ships/Active/180-Talwar-Class.html Talwar Class – Bharat Rakshak]
*[http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/Ships/Future/189-Frigate.html Modified Krivak III Class – Bharat Rakshak]
*[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/d-talwar.htm Talwar Class – Global Security]
* {{in lang|en}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20101130065246/http://russian-ships.info/eng/warships/project_11356.htm All Talwar Class Frigates – Complete Ship List]

{{Burevestnik-class frigate}}
{{Talwar class frigate}}
{{Ship classes of the Indian Navy}}
{{Frigates of the Indian_Navy}}

[[Category:Ships built at the Baltic Shipyard]]
[[Category:Talwar-class frigates| ]]
[[Category:Frigate classes]]
[[Category:India–Russia relations]]