View source for Talk:Speech synthesis

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==Microsoft Sam glitch==
Does anyone know why when you have MS Sam read "soi" or "soy" it makes a really odd airy sound? There are other errors but I can't remember  <span class="autosigned">—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/24.156.28.128|24.156.28.128]] ([[User talk:24.156.28.128|talk]]) 11:30, 13 September 2008 (UTC)</span><!-- Template:UnsignedIP --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->

==Older comments==
I think perhaps the different synthesis techniques are long enough to warrant their own pages
[[User:Nohat|Nohat]] 05:20 19 Jun 2003 (UTC)

Could somebody extend on 'Formant synthesis', both on the technical side and terminology, is any system using filting technics on basic waves + noise considered 'formant' synthesis? is it a specific technique, or just the general term of synthesising phenomenons?

Trillium Sound Research Inc (now defunct) offered unlimited vocabulary articulatory speech synthesis on the NeXT computer in 1994, so it is not accurate to say that articulatory speech synthesis is only of academic interest and not far enough advanced for commercial application.  It was NeXT Computer
that failed, not the synthesis, which was rated the best synthesis available at the time.  That software is now the basis of the GnuSpeech project -- a port of the original NeXT software to Linux. It is under a GPL. The basis is an acoustic tube model, so it is low level articulatory synthesis with the necessary databases for varying the tube cross-sections, using the Fant/Carre research on formant sensitivity analysis and control regions.  Provision is made for adding the higher level parameters such as tongue height, jaw opening, etc, but this extension is still undeveloped, and would rely on deriving relationships between these higher-level parameters and the low-level tube cross-section parameters. Other ports are possible/likely.

== use in Weatheradio ==

Not sure where to put it, but the [[National Weather Service]] in the [[U.S.]] uses it on all [[Weatheradio]] [[radio station|station]]s now.  The new voice sounds excellent, and i think uses a [[hybrid]] of [[patched voice]]  and [[true synthesis]].  [[The Weather Channel (United States)|The Weather Channel]] also may use this for their Vocal Local announcements during the local forecast (but not on their Weatherscan channel).  –[[User:Radiojon|radiojon]] 02:47, 2004 Jun 4 (UTC)

:The NWS "Tom" and "Donna" AKA "Mara" voices are the SpeechWorks Speechify (now merged with Realspeak) American English voices "Tom" and "Mara" (no longer available), which use a purely concatenative system. [http://www.erh.noaa.gov/er/phi/wxradio/nwrfaq.htm#Voices] [[User:Nohat|Nohat]] 06:57, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

== External links ==

I think this article has too many (16) external links in the section, "Examples of current systems". I don't know much about the different systems we link to, but either A) each system we list is important in the topic of speech synthesis and needs to be mentioned in the article, or B) not all of these systems are important. In case A), we should use internal links: [[Wikipedia:Don't use external links where we'll want Wikipedia links|Don't use external links where we'll want Wikipedia links]]. In case B), we should just pick one or two examples, or link to a page which contains these links ([[Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not|Wikipedia is not]] a link repository.) [[User:Matt Crypto|&mdash; Matt]] 14:08, 17 Jun 2004 (UTC)

:*I'm not sure there's such a thing as "too many external links". "Wikipedia is not a link repository" applies to articles which consist of nothing but links, which this article is clearly not. I don't see what the point of removing all or some of the links would be. [[User:Nohat|Nohat]] 18:59, 2004 Jun 23 (UTC)
:*I agree that once an article starts "collecting" external links, its hard to stop ("If website A is listed, why not website B").  Nohat, I don't agree with your assessment that the "Wikipedia is not a link repository" statement only applies to a particular type of article.  Link spamming and excessive linking is becoming a major problem [[WP:WPSPAM]].  There is a major update and serious discussion underway here [[WP:EL]] with more defined do's and don'ts.  The trend I believe will be toward fewer external links.  One recommendation now appearing in the guidelines is to eliminate all but a few highly relevant links and placing a link to [[DMOZ]] that points to a directory of websites that relate to the article's topic.  [[Speech synthesis]] in particular had many links to commercial websites promoting products and services, but these were removed per guidelines.  I went ahead and removed several more today because they were promotional (one selling a book, free for a limited time, required registration, etc.).  Any discussion on these edits would be welcome. [[User:Calltech|Calltech]] 15:06, 5 December 2006 (UTC)

== Request for references ==

Hi, I am working to encourage implementation of the goals of the [[Wikipedia:Verifiability]] policy. Part of that is to make sure articles [[Wikipedia:Cite sources|cite their sources]]. This is particularly important for featured articles, since they are a prominent part of Wikipedia. The [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check|Fact and Reference Check Project]] has more information. If some of the external links are reliable sources and were used as references, they can be placed in a References section too. See the cite sources link for how to format them. Thank you, and please [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=User_talk:Taxman&action=edit&section=new leave me a message] when a few references have been added to the article. - [[User:Taxman|Taxman]] 19:43, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC)

== Early Voices Described as "Robotic" Seems Circular ==

Primitive speech synthesis devices sound robotic.  A robotic voice is produced by a primitive speech synthesis device.  This is circular.  The popular idea of what a robot's voice sounds like comes from early attempts at speech synthesis.  Film and television makers must have imitated what had been produced by early efforts at synthesis when creating robotic characters.  Would be more accurate I think to say that the idea of a robotic voice came from efforts to produce speech synthesis.  Saying that early speech synthesizers were robotic gets it backwards.

:I'm not sure it's quite so simple as that. Interestingly, there has only ever been one speech synthesis system that spoke in a monotone (and not very popular or often-used one at that)—yet, the most common feature of "robotic" voices when imitated by humans is a monotone. Clearly this notion of what a robot sounds like was not based on listening to actual synthesized speech. It is more likely that the idea of "robotic" voices came from what people ''imagined'' a synthetic voice would sound like, rather than what actual synthetic voices sounded like. 
:Regardless of all this, to the contemporary reader, the idea of the voice sounding "robotic" is probably a fairly safe if perhaps preposterous in the literal sense base point to explain what old speech synthesis systems sounded like. [[User:Nohat|Nohat]] 06:50, 25 October 2005 (UTC)

== Open source software ==

Are there any open source speech synthesis projects? It would be great to summarize how the best few are doing or note the lack if there are none. &mdash; [[User:Hippietrail|Hippietrail]] 17:36, 15 April 2006 (UTC)

:I used a freeware character mode app.for OS/2 thatdid text to speech back in 1997. [[User:Jimj wpg|Jimj wpg]] ([[User talk:Jimj wpg|talk]]) 05:13, 22 July 2020 (UTC)

==Possible copyvio==

A possible copyvio concern has arisen in the Feature Article review. [[User:Marskell]] wrote "I believe the Concatenative Synthesis section may be a text dump from [http://umsis.miami.edu/~kjacobso/speechsynth/speechsynth.htm here]". This is a serious concern that should be addressed inmediately/ [[User:Joelr31|Joelito]] ([[User talk:Joelr31|talk]]) 19:30, 7 November 2006 (UTC)

== External links cleanup ==

External links section was getting filled with lots of links to similar websites.  WP is not a directory of links [[WP:NOT]]:
 
:"Wikipedia articles are not mere collections of external links or internet directories. There is nothing wrong with adding one or more useful content-relevant links to an article; however, excessive lists can dwarf articles and detract from the purpose of Wikipedia"

I went ahead and removed most of the external links and added [[DMOZ]] category for speech synthesis (per WP recommendation).  If you feel that any of the deleted links contribute substantially more than the others, please feel free to leave a comment here and we all can discuss.  Thanks! [[User:Calltech|Calltech]] 18:43, 20 December 2006 (UTC)

==Fair use rationale for Image:MS Sam.ogg==
[[Image:Nuvola apps important.svg|70px|left]]
'''[[:Image:MS Sam.ogg]]''' is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under [[Wikipedia:Fair use|fair use]] but there is no [[Wikipedia:Fair use rationale guideline|explanation or rationale]] as to why its use in '''this''' Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the [[Wikipedia:Image copyright tags/Fair use|boilerplate fair use template]], you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with [[WP:FU|fair use]].

Please go to [[:Image:MS Sam.ogg|the image description page]] and edit it to include a [[Wikipedia:Fair use rationale guideline |fair use rationale]]. Using one of the templates at [[Wikipedia:Fair use rationale guideline]] is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is  other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page.  Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on [[Wikipedia:Criteria for speedy deletion#Images.2FMedia|criteria for speedy deletion]]. If you have any questions please ask them at the [[Wikipedia:Media copyright questions|Media copyright questions page]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Missing rationale2 -->

[[User:BetacommandBot|BetacommandBot]] ([[User talk:BetacommandBot|talk]]) 13:25, 8 March 2008 (UTC)

How on earth could this be copyrighted? It's a voice saying a sentence. You can't copyright arbitrary audio from text-to-speech synthesizer.  You can only copyright a specific recording. [[Special:Contributions/99.14.103.236|99.14.103.236]] ([[User talk:99.14.103.236|talk]]) 03:42, 20 September 2009 (UTC)

== Text to speech based on Festival in Unix ==

www.wordtosound.com
installed on a unix box.
type any text (english only) and output as downloadable file wav or mp3. Voice is british accent and kind of croaky, but understandable. More clear in the wave format.  <small>—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/69.85.110.110|69.85.110.110]] ([[User talk:69.85.110.110|talk]]) 21:04, 27 May 2008 (UTC)</small><!-- Template:UnsignedIP --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->

== Suggest that Heterogeneous Relation Graph (HRG) and Delta should be described here ==

These comprise an important phase of most modern TTS systems and should be discussed here.  I don't currently have the time to add this section, but if no one else gets around to it, I'll come back and write up a few things when I'm less busy.
[[User:Twikir|Twikir]] ([[User talk:Twikir|talk]]) 04:08, 15 April 2009 (UTC)Twikir

== Craptalker ==

There's a program online that might count as a speech synthesizer. It's called "CrapTalker". Should it be added to the links?

http://www.computerpranks.com/software/default.cfm?ItemID=1690

[[User:Sohzq|Sohzq]] ([[User talk:Sohzq|talk]]) 13:47, 26 May 2009 (UTC)

==Text-to-speech voices==
Can a new section and article be made comparing the [[Text-to-speech voices]] ?
Besides the conventional [[microsoft Sam]] and [[microsoft Anna]], some other voices might exist ?

Also, does a voice like the [Monster, Alien, or Amplifier Halloween [[voice changer]] exist ? These voices were featured in Fun with Dick & Jane; (see [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wUNDN_umneo here] and [http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090601130543AANb1vr here]) may be somewhat harder to make understand dough, but could still be used in some applications  <span style="font-size: smaller;" class="autosigned">—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/91.176.6.252|91.176.6.252]] ([[User talk:91.176.6.252|talk]]) 11:55, 16 June 2009 (UTC)</span><!-- Template:UnsignedIP --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->

== Overview of text processing figure ==
Shouldn't the first block of the linguistic analysis component be "Phrasing" rather than "Phasing"?
[[User:Broloks|Broloks]] ([[User talk:Broloks|talk]]) 16:55, 3 October 2009 (UTC)

== A new alternatve front end? ==

The current front end to his technology seems to be soley text processing. But a recently reported study [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-16811042 here] demonstrated a method of reconstructing words based on the brain waves of patients simply thinking of those words, by monitoring the [[superior temporal gyrus]] of their brains. The 2012 study by Pasley et. al., reported in the journal [[PLoS Biology]] [http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1001251], used [[fMRI]] to track blood flow in the brains of 15 patients who were undergoing surgery for epilepsy or tumours, while playing audio of a number of different speakers reciting words and sentences. With the aid of a computer model, when patients were presented with words to think about, the team was able to guess which word the participants had chosen. Potential therapeutic implications have been suggested. Thanks. [[User:Martinevans123|Martinevans123]] ([[User talk:Martinevans123|talk]]) 19:03, 14 February 2012 (UTC)

==Robotics project attention needed==
*Refs - large amounts of text have no refs
*Content - are all topics covered?
*MoS compliance
*Reassess
[[User:Chaosdruid|Chaosdruid]] ([[User talk:Chaosdruid|talk]]) 11:39, 24 March 2012 (UTC)

== Needs more examples ==

Not to state the obvious, here, but this article needs more examples (i.e., sound files) of what kind of results the different types of speech synthesis can give. Right now the article has only two examples, neither tied to a specific section, and only one of which gives enough information to tell how it was generated. - [[User:Dcljr|dcljr]] ([[User talk:Dcljr|talk]]) 08:13, 14 January 2013 (UTC)

== kurzweil reading machine ==

According to a source already cited in the article, Klatt, D. (1987) "Review of Text-to-Speech Conversion for English" Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 82(3):737-93, The Kurzweil Reading Machine is the first commercial text-to-speech synthesis system.  That is on p. 770 Klatt has a diagram with a box for "Kurzweil Reading Machine, 1976" and under it it says "first commercial system". Do other sources disagree, or where is the best place to put this in the article? [[User:Silas Ropac|Silas Ropac]] ([[User talk:Silas Ropac|talk]]) 16:38, 8 February 2013 (UTC)

== NeoSpeech & Natural Voices ==

After a quick short research looking for the most natural speech synthesis voices I found these two. I appreciate both but NeoSpeech seems more natural.
*[http://www2.research.att.com/~ttsweb/tts/demo.php AT&T Natural Voices® Text-to-Speech Demo]
*[http://www.neospeech.com/ NeoSpeech]
--[[User:TudorTulok|TudorTulok]] ([[User talk:TudorTulok|talk]]) 14:33, 11 March 2013 (UTC)

== CFD-01? ==

> Articulatory synthesis refers to computational techniques for synthesizing speech based on models of the human vocal tract and the articulation processes occurring there

Is this applied "computational fluid dynamics" by any other name? Are the taking a computer-tomography headshot and a full dental panoramic shot of a person, turn those into a 3D model of the human vocal tract, which is then used as a virtual wind tunnel in a CFD software suite? If yes, the article could include a link. [[Special:Contributions/82.131.151.104|82.131.151.104]] ([[User talk:82.131.151.104|talk]]) 21:48, 21 August 2015 (UTC)

: I think that [[Computational fluid dynamics]] (CFD) is not suitable for the [[articulatory synthesis]], because CFD requires huge computational power for the simulation of [[turbulence]] typically seen on the [[fricative]] and [[plosive]]. Instead of it, more simplified physical models called [[distributed element model]] &mdash; such as the [[waveguide synthesis]] once used on [[IBM 704#Landmarks|Daisy Bell demo]], or its variant, the Tube Resonance Model (TRM) used on [[Gnuspeech]] &mdash; seem to be practical. For details, see article "[[Articulatory synthesis]]". --[[User:Clusternote|Clusternote]] ([[User talk:Clusternote|talk]]) 08:43, 27 August 2015 (UTC)

== Ride of the Vocaloids. ==

> This article says: Speech Synthesis is the artificial production of human speech

Is song synthesis a sub-field of speech synthesis or considered something completely different? If they are considered different, where is the boundary between them? (cue Richard Wagner's sprechgesang or the priestly intonations made during the catholic / orthodox christian holy liturgy). The current article doesn't discuss this dichtomy properly. [[Special:Contributions/82.131.151.104|82.131.151.104]] ([[User talk:82.131.151.104|talk]]) 22:16, 21 August 2015 (UTC)

: The {{illm|singing synthesis|ja|ボーカルシンセサイザー}} is an interdisciplinary field between the [[sound synthesis]] (<!-- which is -->focused on the [[harmonic structure]]), and the [[speech synthesis]] (<!-- which is -->focused on the [[language model]] and<!-- along with the --> [[acoustic model]]).  And in my eyes, a clear definition of boundaries between them, seem hard to find due to the several reasons:
:* The researchers and developers of singing synthesis are very few, and they seem not have any conflicts of interest with the neighbor fields, so they and their neighbors might not feel the needs to clarify the boundaries for protecting each interests.
:* For the researchers and developers, probably it is an obvious thing that the singing synthesis is a customized version of speech synthesis which is optimized suitable for the song (for example, the clearness of [[fundamental frequency]] for playing [[melody (music)|melody]], the [[wikt:harmonicity|harmonicity]] of [[sound spectrum|spectral content]] for playing [[harmony (music)|harmony]], and possibly the smoothness and the delimitation between the pronunciations, as seen on Vocaloid.
:* In a view point of [[signal processing]], speech synthesis and sound synthesis are similar in dealing with [[audio signal]]s.  However, in a view point of [[cognitive science]] (a science about how [[human brain]] recognizes the [[multimedia|various media]]), the recognition processes of the speech and the music take the different routes on a human brain. (see [[Language processing in the brain]], [[Cognitive neuroscience of music]])  And a combination of these, the song's recognition process is probably described with coexistence of above two routes, and the additional interference between them. This interference, sometime called [[Synergy#Synergy in the media|synergy]], may be a main difficulty for defining the boundaries.
: In my opinion, the singing synthesis should be described on a new dedicated article, to avoid the inappropriate narrowing of its potential caused by the thoughtless definition of boundaries. --[[User:Clusternote|Clusternote]] ([[User talk:Clusternote|talk]]) 02:45, 27 August 2015 (UTC)
:'''P.S.'''&nbsp; I found a song by the [[Voder]] (an early speech synthesizer) circa 1939, as listened on a [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5hyI_dM5cGo#t=3m00s video]. Its melody seems played with a pitch controller on the Voder. The inventors of vocoder & voder considered the musical application as the future plan, and [[Werner Meyer-Eppler]] in Germany wrote a paper in 1948 on his own perspectives. The separation of elemental technologies (speech synthesis, vocoder as musical application, and singing synthesis) may have occurred after that. --[[User:Clusternote|Clusternote]] ([[User talk:Clusternote|talk]]) 04:52, 29 August 2015 (UTC)

== 1234567890 ==

Everybody, [[User:Wtshymanski]], [[User:1989]], please stop removing the "1,234,567,890 times (unintelligible noise)". These are literally heard in the clip. [[User:Largoplazo|Largoplazo]] ([[User talk:Largoplazo|talk]]) 16:30, 13 February 2017 (UTC)

== DeepMind's WaveNet ==

I stumbled across a [https://arxiv.org/pdf/1609.03499.pdf 'recent' paper] published by Google DeepMind that supposedly introduced a new way of voice synthesis. I'm not too well-read on this area, but it appears to utilize a method that isn't mentioned in this wikipedia article, and improves significantly on the 'natural-ness' side.
[[User:Toyuyn|Toyuyn]] ([[User talk:Toyuyn|talk]]) 10:28, 14 April 2017 (UTC)

== Early history ==

In fiction, robots often speak in a monotonous voice stripped of all prosodic elements. This was especially common when I was a child, let's say around 1990. Of course even then, speech synthesis had progressed much further than that. But have there been historical speech robots, like the computers in the Bell Lab, that talked like that? Or is the monotonous robot voice just a common trope in fiction? [[User:Steinbach|Steinbach]] ([[User talk:Steinbach|talk]]) 21:06, 9 March 2018 (UTC)

== Speak & Spell ==

I am missing the reference to an early toy from TI, named "Speak & Spell", that used speech synthesis in hardware. TI developed an integrated circuit to do the trick. In the 70s, microprocessors did not have the necessary power (and memory) to simply play pre-recorded PCM sounds as speech. Speech was synthesized with conventional, analog synthesis modules like in the musical instruments (cf. synthesizer). This could be done with much less computing power and memory.

And I think that Stephen Hawking's voice sounded just like Speak & Spell, so maybe it used this TI integrated circuit. [[Special:Contributions/134.247.251.245|134.247.251.245]] ([[User talk:134.247.251.245|talk]]) 14:21, 16 March 2018 (UTC)
: It's mentioned in passing in the section History/Electronic Devices. The book "Hawking Incorporated" by  Hlne Mialet says Hawking's voice synthesizer was made by a company called Speech Plus in 1986. --[[User:Wtshymanski|Wtshymanski]] ([[User talk:Wtshymanski|talk]]) 00:02, 17 March 2018 (UTC)

== Digital recordings are not 'synthesis' ==
The article would be improved by making it clearer at the outset what 'synthesis' is, as opposed to playing back digital recordings. E.g. see this -excellent- article: [https://www.explainthatstuff.com/how-speech-synthesis-works.html Speech synthesizers] <p>Early electronic speech -- e.g. the Speak and Spell ... as well as several 'speaking' cars -- 'spoke' by 'playing back' complete words from a list of recorded words. That is speech 'reproduction', not production.  True ''synthesis'' was a ''much harder'' problem to solve ... especially if a natural, not 'wooden', sound is desired. <p>The synthesis of spoken words from a page of text is more difficult still.  [[User:Twang|Twang]] ([[User talk:Twang|talk]]) 02:20, 22 March 2019 (UTC)

== Apple VoiceOver is not a speech synthesiser ==

In the Apple section, it says:
{{Blockquote|text=The Apple iOS operating system used on the iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch uses VoiceOver speech synthesis for accessibility.}} This is incorrect as VoiceOver is a [[screen reader]], not a speech synthesiser.  One of the synths included with iOS is actually [[Nuance Communications|Nuance']]s Vocalizer.

I've not been able to find many sources to back this up, though. The best I can find is from [http://techpinions.com/nuance-exec-on-iphone-4s-siri-and-the-future-of-speech/3307 this article from Tech.pinions].

Would this be good enough?

[[User:KaraLG84|KaraLG84]] ([[User talk:KaraLG84|talk]]) 00:02, 20 August 2021 (UTC)

== Edit notice ==

Can we get a consensus to put an [[WP:EDN|edit notice]] here on this talk page to hopefully help quell the [[WP:NOTFORUM]] and vandalism problem happening here quite a bit? There was a similar edit notice implemented at [[Talk:SCP Foundation]] (which also gets a lot of NOTFORUM comments) recently and it can be seen at [[Template:Editnotices/Page/Talk:SCP Foundation]]. [[:User:Wizzito|<span style="color: hotpink; text-decoration: inherit;">wizzito</span>]] &#124; [[:User talk:Wizzito|<span style="color: navyc; text-decoration: inherit;">say hello!</span>]] 19:59, 14 March 2022 (UTC)
::Apparently the source of these comments appears to be some kind of Indonesian meme regarding a feature on [[WhatsApp]] that seems to involve text-to-speech ringtones. (ex. https://widyawicara.com/article/read/ubah-nada-dering-whatsapp-dengan-text-to-speech) The Indonesian version of this article has been affected by the same vandalism. [[:User:Wizzito|<span style="color: hotpink; text-decoration: inherit;">wizzito</span>]] &#124; [[:User talk:Wizzito|<span style="color: navyc; text-decoration: inherit;">say hello!</span>]] 00:01, 17 March 2022 (UTC)

==Wiki Education assignment: Research Process and Methodology - FA22 - Sect 200 - Thu==
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<span class="wikied-assignment" style="font-size:85%;">— Assignment last updated by [[User:Jessssy|Jessssy]] ([[User talk:Jessssy|talk]]) 02:18, 17 November 2022 (UTC)</span>

== XSAMPA and the like  ==

For the section "Text-to-phoneme challenges," I believe adding information about X-SAMPA, ARPAsing, or other ways of editing/using phonemes may help this portion of the article out, and would provide some sources into it. I don't have enough knowledge on the subject myself to efficiently and effectively research and edit it myself, but I thought I'd toss my two cents in.  [[User:Dialupnetwork|<span style="background-color: #018281; color: #FFFFFF">&#8635; dialupnetwork</span>]] <sup>[[User talk:Dialupnetwork|Connect?]]</sup> 17:48, 28 November 2023 (UTC)

==Wiki Education assignment: Linguistics in the Digital Age==
{{dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment | course = Wikipedia:Wiki_Ed/University_of_Arizona/Linguistics_in_the_Digital_Age_(Fall_2024) | assignments = [[User:Ashegan11|Ashegan11]] | start_date = 2024-08-26 | end_date = 2024-12-11 }}

<span class="wikied-assignment" style="font-size:85%;">— Assignment last updated by [[User:Leaflang|Leaflang]] ([[User talk:Leaflang|talk]]) 18:05, 16 October 2024 (UTC)</span>

== Can we update the quoted section or remove entirely?  ==

8th paragraph of Electronic Devices heading "Early electronic speech-synthesizers sounded robotic and were often barely intelligible. The quality of synthesized speech has steadily improved, but as of 2016 output from contemporary speech synthesis systems remains clearly distinguishable from actual human". There is no citation and now in 2024 its arguably a lot harder to distinguish to the untrisned ear. However I have no source and do not know to rewrite the section without stepping into original research. [[User:CanningIO|CanningIO]] ([[User talk:CanningIO|talk]]) 22:48, 16 October 2024 (UTC)