View source for Talk:Jacques Necker

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==Untitled==
Could someone fill in the full names of those which only have one name? -- [[User:Zoe|Zoe]]
:I believe these are now all appropriately linked. - [[User:Jmabel|Jmabel]] | [[User talk:Jmabel|Talk]] 03:34, 16 July 2006 (UTC)

"unregretted by a single Frenchman"... alright, who copied word for word from a nineteenth-century history book? What a disgrace.[[User:24.224.143.211|24.224.143.211]] 00:42, 11 July 2006 (UTC)

: At the foot of the article, it overtly states that portions of the article come from the 1911 ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', Eleventh Edition. -- [[User:Jmabel|Jmabel]] | [[User talk:Jmabel|Talk]] 03:29, 16 July 2006 (UTC)

I don't know how to add a 'citation needed' tag, but I think this sentence sounds pretty POVish if it doesn't have a citation. "Financially he proved equally incapable for a time of crisis, and could not understand the need of such extreme measures as the establishment of assignats in order to keep the country quiet." (Necker and the Revolution, Paragraph 2).  I think the whole article, and especially the Necker and the Revolution section needs to be checked over for POV and lack of citations - but as a newbie to editing Wikipedia pages, I'm not willing to do so. [[User:203.184.11.71|203.184.11.71]] 10:18, 16 September 2007 (UTC)

== Loaning ==

"In October 1776 Necker was made director-general of the finances -- he could not be controller because of his Protestant faith.[3] He gained popularity in regulating the finances by attempting to divide the taille or poll tax more equally, by abolishing the vingtième d'industrie, and establishing monts de piété (establishments for '''loaning''' money on security"

Merriam-Webster gives the following definition of the word loaning:
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English loning, from lone, alteration of lane
Date: 14th century
1dialect British : lane
2dialect British : a milking yard

Did the author mean "lending"?  <small>—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/193.212.171.26|193.212.171.26]] ([[User talk:193.212.171.26|talk]]) 11:17, 27 February 2008 (UTC)</small><!-- Template:UnsignedIP --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->

== Translation into Chinese Wikipedia ==

[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Necker&oldid=260324022 The 14:16, 27 December 2008 Wetman version] of this article is translated into [[:zh:雅克·内克尔|Chinese Wikipedia]] to make an existing article more complete.--[[User:Wing|Wing]] ([[User talk:Wing|talk]]) 12:52, 1 January 2009 (UTC)
[[File:Jacques Necker.jpg|right|75px]]
The 19th-century mechanical reproductive engraving at right merely reproduces the Duplessis portrait at the head of the disinfobox (now given a caption crediting Duplessis). I've removed it here and am formatting the other two gallery images to assort with relevant text.--[[User:Wetman|Wetman]] ([[User talk:Wetman|talk]]) 20:16, 17 December 2009 (UTC)

== Citation needed? No way. ==

It is common knowledge that Mme de Stael was the daughter of Jacques Necker and Suzanne Curchod.

== Finance Minister of France - Historically ambiguous ==

Pertaining to the "Finance Minister of France" section: Jacques Necker was dismissed from his post as finance minister in around 1781, as Calonne took the post in 1783. If Necker took a different post in the government at the time, that's not clear in the writeup or in the timeline of his postings. If he left and returned to government, the article does not mention when he returned. I would like some clarification on what happened and when in regards to his postings, especially as the article says he controlled the finances of France through a period when he had resigned (or been dismissed from) his post. [[User:Thegreatmuka|Thegreatmuka]] ([[User talk:Thegreatmuka|talk]]) 02:09, 30 June 2014 (UTC)

==Necker was "scared to death"==
Who the hell wrote this, lol

"Necker, suspected of reactionary tendencies, traveled east to Arcis-sur-Aube and Vesoul, where he was arrested and scared to death, but on 11 September he was allowed to leave the country."

Is this a joke or what? [[User:Lcduke|Lcduke]] ([[User talk:Lcduke|talk]]) 01:46, 15 April 2019 (UTC)
: It is easy to find out who wrote this. To me it means you can't be a serious Wikipedian and did not make an effort. I suppose you did not study the subject either. What does lol mean here? What are you studying? [[User:Taksen|Taksen]] ([[User talk:Taksen|talk]]) 11:03, 15 April 2019 (UTC)
::lol, I don't know what a "serious Wikipedian" is nor do I want to be one; I'm just pointing out that saying someone was "scared to death" and giving no further details about his arrest is ridiculous for an encylopaedic article  <!-- Template:Unsigned --><small class="autosigned">—&nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Lcduke|Lcduke]] ([[User talk:Lcduke#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Lcduke|contribs]]) 09:00, 20 April 2019 (UTC)</small> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->

It's a play of words in English to point out that the guillotine did not slice through Necker's neck. [[User:Carlm0404|Carlm0404]] ([[User talk:Carlm0404|talk]]) 19:37, 27 April 2020 (UTC)

==Deleted information==

Someone should block User:Diannaa. She is ruining the understanding of the article. She wants us to write down what happened in our own words, even if it is difficult financial stuff. We learn from copying. Even birds and mammals copy. Why are human beings not allowed to copy (difficult parts) so there will be less misunderstanding? She deleted stuff that was already written in 19th century; Mignet's ''Histoire de la Révolution Française'' was first published in 1824. Why was that deleted? What is the reason? We should not read those books and compare with what is written nowadays? Could someone who is more familiar with copyright take a look at her practice? (The Gutenberg writes Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included.) Is she a perhaps a [[groupie]] protecting Jimbo against any legal and financial case? Does Jimbo know what she is doing? Take a look at her talk page, how slimy she is treated. Should Wikipedia not change some rules after 15 years? No wonder so many people stick to info boxes and categories, etc. [[User:Taksen|Taksen]] ([[User talk:Taksen|talk]]) 05:54, 1 September 2021 (UTC) I will stop working on this article.[[User:Taksen|Taksen]] ([[User talk:Taksen|talk]]) 07:21, 1 September 2021 (UTC)

Sentences and paragraphs she deleted: 

Necker played a key role in French history before and during the first period of the [[French Revolution]].

Necker fully embraced the label of moderate and the concept of the [[Golden mean (philosophy)|golden mean]].

The king was as extravagant in expenditure on horses and palaces (he had more of both than Louis XIV) as his wife was on clothes and parties;

Necker was envied by his contemporaries for his fabulous wealth.<ref>Craiutu, Aurelian. [https://ostromworkshop.indiana.edu/pdf/seriespapers/2018spr-colloq/craiutu-paper.pdf ''A Voice of Moderation in the Age of Revolutions: Jacques Necker's Reflections on Executive Power in Modern Society'']</ref>

"The ministry, concerned about the financial stability of the company, employed the [[André Morellet|Abbé Morellet]] to shift the debate from the rights of the shareholders to the advantages of commercial liberty over the company's privileged trading monopoly."<ref>Margerison, Kenneth. "The Shareholders' Revolt at the [[Compagnie des Indes]]: Commerce and Political Culture in Old Regime France" in ''French History'' '''20'''. 1, pp. 25–51. [https://web.archive.org/web/20061003171208/http://fh.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/20/1/25 Abstract].</ref>

{{quote|Necker won a substantial victory by inducing the King to free all remaining serfs on the royal domain, and to invite all feudal lords to do likewise. When they refused, Necker advised Louis to abolish all [[serfdom]] in France, with indemnities to the masters, but the King, imprisoned in his traditions, replied that property rights were too basic an institution to be annulled by a decree.<ref>Will and Ariel Durant (1967) Rousseau and Revolution, p. 866-867</ref>}}

In 1781 Congress appointed Robert Morris (financier) as Superintendent of Finance after the US went bankrupt. In 1783 Morris cut off interest payments to France, its largest foreign creditor. Thomas Jefferson, who had succeeded Franklin as American minister to France and John Adams as head of American finance in Europe in 1785, learned about the meeting between the Van Staphorsts’ representatives and the French Minister of Finance only in November 1786, when he received a redacted document describing the Dutch offer from Étienne Clavière, a Genevan banker and pro-America.[Veru, P. (2021). The French bonds: The little-known bidding war for France's holdings in American debt, 1786–1790. Financial History Review, 28(2), 259-280. doi:10.1017/S096856502100010X]

{{quote|Necker himself argued at the National Assembly on 27 August that the assignats were a paper money which would bankrupt France.<ref>'Contre l'émission de dix-neuf cents millions d'assignats', Œuvres complètes de Jacques Necker (Paris, 1821), vii, 430-447.</ref> Talleyrand had also attacked them on the grounds that they risked the same fate as [[John Law (economist)|Law]]'s schemes. [[Armand-Gaston Camus|Camus]] stressed what he believed was the lesson of American experience of paper, which had undermined metal money and sent prices spiralling.<ref>De l'opinion de M. Camus, (Paris, 1789)</ref> Condorcet and Dupont de Nemours argued that the assignats would drive out silver and other forms of coin, raise prices relative to paper, and thereby dangerously restrict commerce. All of these writers preferred the issue of [[treasury bills]] at interest through the Caisse d'Escompte, a revised tax-system, and increased loans.<ref>Whatmore, Richard (1996) “Commerce, Constitutions, and the Manners of a Nation: Etienne Clavière's Revolutionary Political Economy, 1788–1793.” History of European Ideas 22.5-6 (1996): 351–368. Web.</ref>}}

{{quote|By September 1790, all authorized assignats had been paid out by the government. Supporters of the paper money argued that since the assignats were secured by land, more notes could be safely issued as long as they were retired and burned at the same rate that the lands securing them were sold. On September 29, 1790, the National Assembly authorized a further issue of 800 million livres and abolished interest on the assignats altogether.<ref>[https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/scrc/findingaids/view.php?eadid=ICU.SPCL.FRENCHCURRENCY Guide to the French Currency Collection 1791-1796. University of Chicago Library (2012)]</ref>)}}

Nicolaas van Staphorst told Necker that the entire French debt might be redeemed without any loss through the Amsterdam capital markets. Necker, however, was strapped for cash and was willing to listen to any offers. The Van Staphorsts repeated their initial offer for the American bonds. Necker warmed to the proposal but asked for collatoral and the sanction of a large investment bank. Necker decided that without collateral or the sanction of a major investment bank, the proposal was not acceptable.[Veru, P. (2021). The French bonds: The little-known bidding war for France's holdings in American debt, 1786–1790. Financial History Review, 28(2), 259-280. doi:10.1017/S096856502100010X]

{{quote|By September 1790, the assignat had become a true circulating paper currency, and 800 million livres worth of non-interest bearing notes were added to the initial issue, in denominations of 50, 60 70, 80, 90, 100, 500, and 2000 livres with legal-tender status. The lower denominations [25, 10, 5] were produced in large numbers in order to ensure wide circulation.<ref>[https://books.google.nl/books?id=QTg_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA417&lpg=PA417&dq=couvre-feu+28+aout+1792&source=bl&ots=_HF3YHDGtQ&sig=2-EsOuOC3t74zR8_vrGMdsqlSXo&hl=de&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwipyJLx-Z7fAhWDCewKHaF-A-sQ6AEwDHoECAMQAQ#v=onepage&q=assignats&f=false Collection Complète des Lois, Décrets, Ordonnances, Réglements, p. 35]</ref> This change stimulated the economy but also increased inflationary pressures.<ref>[https://www.money.org/blog/french-revolution-vault Tales from the Vault: Money of the French Revolution – the Assignat by Douglas Mudd, ANA Money Museum curator / museum director]</ref><ref>[http://assignat.fr/assignats-par-date Assignats]</ref>}}

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