View source for Talk:ECOWAS

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{{ITN talk|date1=25 October 2009|oldid1=321852601|date2=3 February 2024|oldid2=1202907631}}
{{OnThisDay|date1=2006-05-28|oldid1=55529469|date2=2010-05-28|oldid2=364748428|date3=2012-05-28|oldid3=494712040|date4=2015-05-28|oldid4=664382444}}
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{{WikiProject International relations|importance=mid}}
{{WikiProject Economics|importance=mid}}
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{{WikiProject Africa|importance=Top |Benin=yes |Benin-importance= high |Burkina Faso= yes |Burkina Faso-importance=high |Cape Verde= yes |Cape Verde-importance=high |Gambia= yes |Gambia-importance=high |Ghana= yes |Ghana-importance=high |Guinea= yes |Guinea-importance=high |Guinea-Bissau= yes |Guinea-Bissau-importance=high |Côte d'Ivoire= yes |Côte d'Ivoire-importance=high |Liberia= yes  |Liberia-importance=high |Mali= yes  |Mali-importance=high |Mauritania= yes |Mauritania-importance=high |Niger= yes |Niger-importance=high |Nigeria=yes |Nigeria-importance=high |Senegal= yes |Senegal-importance=high |Sierra Leone= yes |Sierra Leone-importance=high |Togo= yes |Togo-importance= high |French Africa=yes|French Africa-importance=high}}
}}

==Stub==

Why isn't this article classified as a stub?  There is virtually no information on the history of ECOWAS, or it's importance and role in West Africa, which is considerable.  This article needs much expansion and should be classified as a stub as it currently stands.  [[User:Rvinall|Rvinall]]

: Aye, it should be classified as a stub - and should be expanded. While we're at it, has anybody else heard of the information that the ECOWAS is to be expanded to a large degree over the rest of the west African states in 2006? Can't remember where I found that rumour... [[User:Nightstallion|Nightstallion]] 04:58, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Alright, I have just added the stub marker to this article.  Now let's try to get some more information.  [[User:Rvinall|Rvinall]] 04:25, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

: Info added. [[User:Rudykog|Rudykog]] 02:48, 1 December 2005 (UTC)

==Mauritania==

The article lists two dates for Mauritania leaving - 2000 and 2002. The [http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/EXTREGINI/EXTAFRREGINICOO/0,,contentMDK:20626350~menuPK:1592396~pagePK:64168445~piPK:64168309~theSitePK:1587585,00.html World Bank website] says 1999, whereas [http://www.ecowas.info/ this site] says 2002. Any ideas? [[User:Cordless Larry|Cordless Larry]] 23:07, 23 August 2006 (UTC)

:I looked at older versions of the CIA world factbook.  Under "International organization participation" Ecowas doesn't appear for Mauritania in the 2002 factbook so it had to have happened between July 2001 and July 2002.  [[User:Aeusoes1|Æµ§œš¹]] <span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[[User talk:aeusoes1|<sub>[aɪm ˈfɻɛ̃ⁿdˡi]</sub>]]</span> 02:41, 9 August 2007 (UTC)

::I've done some more research and it seems that the application for withdrawal was made on 26 December 1999 (see [http://www.sec.ecowas.int/sitecedeao/english/es-rep2000-3-5.htm here]) and became effective on 31 December 2000 (see [http://www.sec.ecowas.int/sitecedeao/english/rapport/es_annual_report_2002.pdf here]). [[User:Cordless Larry|Cordless Larry]] ([[User talk:Cordless Larry|talk]]) 14:55, 4 January 2008 (UTC)
:And it's on the logo.--[[User:Kintetsubuffalo|Kintetsubuffalo]] ([[User talk:Kintetsubuffalo|talk]]) 16:17, 20 January 2017 (UTC)

== International orgnizations ==

I added the category "International organizations," but note in passing that there seems to be a lot of overlap with International Organizations of Africa, and that perhaps the whole hierarchy of these categories may need looking at.--[[User:A12n|A12n]] ([[User talk:A12n|talk]]) 04:28, 26 January 2008 (UTC)

== Gauge (railway) ==

* {{BEN}} [[Transport in Benin|Transport]] {{railgauge|1000}}

* {{CPV}} (island)
----
* {{CIV}} [[Transport in Côte d'Ivoire|Transport]] {{railgauge|1000}}
* {{BFA}} [[Transport in Burkina Faso|Transport]] {{railgauge|1000}}
----
* {{GAM}} (nil)
* {{GHA}} [[Transport in Ghana|Transport]] {{railgauge|1067}}
* {{GNB}} (nil)
* {{LBR}} [[Transport in Liberia|Transport]] {{railgauge|1435}}; {{railgauge|1067}}
* {{NIG}} (nil)
* {{NGR}} [[Transport in Nigeria|Transport]] {{railgauge|1067}}; {{railgauge|1435}}
----
* {{SEN}} [[Transport in Senegal|Transport]] {{railgauge|1000}}
* {{MLI}} [[Transport in Mali|Transport]] {{railgauge|1000}}
----
* {{SLE}} [[Transport in Sierra Leone|Transport]] {{railgauge|1067}}
* {{TOG}} [[Transport in Togo|Transport]] {{railgauge|1000}}
(suspended)
* {{GUI}} [[Transport in Guinea|Transport]] {{railgauge|1000}}; {{railgauge|1435}}
----

* {{railgauge|1000}} 4,472km 42.7%
* {{railgauge|1067}} 4,593km 43.9%
* {{railgauge|1435}} 1,409km 13.5%

----

[[Image:Triple_Gauge_Africa.jpg|frame|The three main gauges in the ECOWAS area can be combined as Triple Gauge.<br>The two narrower gauges are too close to allow 3-rail dual gauge and must be combined as 4-rail dual gauge.<br> 4-rail dual gauge can allow for standard gauge for slight extra cost.]]

== Transshipment ==


There are a number of ways of transshipping freight between the different gauges:

* [[Containerization|Containerisation]]
* [[Bogie exchange]]
* [[Variable gauge|Variable gauge axles]]
* [[Dual gauge]] or even triple gauge.

[[User:Tabletop|Tabletop]] ([[User talk:Tabletop|talk]]) 02:26, 14 April 2009 (UTC)

== notable ECOWAS court ruling ==

A notable ECOWAS court ruling was the 2015 ruling against Burkina Faso on the exclusion of MPs who voted for the abolishment of term limits (in favor of the later ousted president Blaise Compaoré), ahead of the [[Burkinabé general election, 2015]]; it can be found at [http://www.courtecowas.org/site2012/pdf_files/decisions/judgements/2015/Aff_CDP_c_l_Etat_du_Burkina.pdf].----[[User:Bancki|Bancki]] ([[User talk:Bancki|talk]]) 11:07, 30 November 2015 (UTC)
== Dr. Kohnert's comment on this article ==


Dr. Kohnert has reviewed [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economic_Community_of_West_African_States&oldid=726919323 this Wikipedia page], and provided us with the following comments to improve its quality:


{{quote|text=- "The West African Economic and Monetary Union (also known as UEMOA from its name in French, Union économique et monétaire ouest-africaine) is an organization of eight West African states. It was established to promote economic integration among countries that share the CFA franc as a common currency." [suggested revision: "The West African Economic and Monetary Union (also known as UEMOA from its name in French, Union économique et monétaire ouest-africaine) is an organization of eight West African states. It was established to promote economic integration among countries that share the CFA franc as a common currency. The CFA-zone is basically composed of two sub-zones, characterised by significant structural economic and political differences within and between its member countries: the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU/UEMOA) and the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (EMCCA / CEMAC)."]

- "UEMOA is a customs union and currency union between the members of ECOWAS. Its objectives include the following. ... The harmonization of fiscal policies." [suggested revision: ".... The harmonization of fiscal policies.
However, whether it is feasible to achieve these ambitious aims with economic means of regional economic and monetary cooperation, is open to question. Experts and the international donor community periodically caution about diverting attention from the most pressing needs of African countries by pursuing over-ambitious monetary policies. African governments should get the priorities right, i.e. they ought to implement first sustainable solutions to the problems of crisis resolution and prevention, the fight against corruption and rent-seeking elites, in order to promote good governance, transparency and accountability. The realities of African economies suggest that the grand new projects of monetary unions are unlikely to succeed (Fn.: Masson, Paul R. / Pattillo, Catherine (2004): The monetary geography of Africa. Brookings Inst. Press ).
The growing structural divergences between UEMOA and CEMAC have been intensified by the recent development of world oil markets, booming production in Equatorial Guinea and the arrival of Chad in the club of oil producers. Nevertheless the CFA-zone in general, and the UEMOA in particular, have been considered as model case for economic and monetary integration in Africa. Yet, neither of these sub-zones meets the classical criteria of the Optimum Currency Area (OCA). In contrast, they show a low degree of diversification of production and exports, low factor mobility (except of labour in some countries) and price and wage flexibility, different levels of infrastructure and of inflation, low intra-regional trade and a strong exposure to asymmetrical external shocks (e.g. violent political conflicts, different terms of trade development for oil- and agricultural exports). The rules of the informal sector, are more important in structuring the CFA-zone than the institutions and policies of the formal economic sector, including its monetary institutions. For decades, rent-seeking informal trans-national social networks, such as the 'Messieurs Afrique' (Fn.: Glaser, Antoine / Smith, Stephen (1992/1997): Ces messieurs Afrique. Le Paris-village du continent noir. Paris, Vol. I-II, Calmann-Levy, 1992 (I), 1997(II) ; Hugon, Philippe (1998): “Les avatars de la Zone Franc face à l’Euro“, in: Cahier GEMDEV (Groupement d’Intérêt Scientifique pou l’Étude de la Mondialisation et du Développement), No. 25, pp.: 363-394; Verschave, François-Xavier (1998): Françafrique. Paris, l’Harmattan) dominated the CFA-Zone. For example, prices of French imports were overpriced, due to protection by tied aid and other political and cultural non-tariff barriers. The cost of this rent-seeking was carried not only by the French Treasury, who guarantees the peg, but by the French and EU-taxpayers, who financed budgetary bail-outs and development aid, and finally by the poorer member countries and social strata (Fn. Kohnert, Dirk (2005): Monetary Unions - Dominated by the North? The CFA-Zone and the CMA - On the relevance of rational economic reasoning under African conditions. In: Fritz, Barbara / Metzger, Martina (eds.)(2005): New Issues in Regional Monetary Coordination - Understanding North-South and South-South Arrangements, Palgrave Macmillan, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, pp. 177-187). 
The F CFA viability has been hurt by its dependency on the monetary policy of the Euro-zone, which does not necessarily correspond to the needs of African member countries. Ambitious convergence criteria had been introduced with the 1994 devaluation and the founding of the UEMOA and CEMAC respectively. However, its implementation had been hampered by the lack of political will and the aftermath of the Ivorian crisis since 2002.
If the CFA-Zone wants to perform efficiently in the future, it should no longer be based on its inherited colonial culture, but on the economic needs of the population in the respective member countries. Unfortunately, overriding concerns on the political stability of the region, and dependency on its traditional allies concerning crisis resolution, prevented up to now any meaningful transformation of CFA-Zones structures.]

- "The eventual goal is for the CFA franc and Eco to merge, giving all of West and Central Africa a single, stable currency. The launch of the new currency is being developed by the West African Monetary Institute based in Accra, Ghana." [suggested revision: "The eventual goal is for the CFA franc and Eco to merge, giving all of West and Central Africa a single, stable currency. The launch of the new currency is being developed by the West African Monetary Institute based in Accra, Ghana. 
Despite several, often competing projects of monetary cooperation in West Africa the monetary arrangements are of questionable viability. The CFA-zone and the WAMZ are vivid examples of the limited practical value of abstract economic models, like that of Optimum Currency Areas (OCAs), in the African context.
The major structural deficiencies within and between member states of each zone cannot be solved by monetary coordination. They require sustainable political and economic solutions, adapted to the specific needs of each of its members, and aimed at the ownership of the measures and instruments by each country and/or sub-zone concerned. Concentrating efforts and scarce means on over-ambitious plans for monetary integration, like that of the West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ), pushed by the Anglophone West African governments of Nigeria, Ghana, Sierra Leone, Gambia, Guinea, Liberia, in order to establish the Eco as a common virtual currency in competition to the rival F-CFA, diverts attention from more important bottlenecks of development in the region and would lead to a sub optimal allocation of resources and the temptation for fiscal wastefulness through prospects of a bail-out, or costs that are diluted through the membership (Fn.: Debrun, Xavier / Masson, Paul / Pattilo, Catherine (2002): Monetary union in West Africa – Who might gain, who might lose, and why? IMF Working Paper, WP/02/226, IMF, Washington D. C.; IMF (2003): West African Economic and Monetary Union - Recent Economic Developments and Regional Policy Issues; and Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion. IMF Country Report No. 03/70, Washington D.C; Masson, Paul R. / Catherine Pattillo (2002): Monetary union in West Africa: An agency of restraint for fiscal policies? Journal of  African  Economics.,11. 387 - 412
Masson, Paul R. / Catherine Pattillo (2001): Monetary union in West Africa (ECOWAS): is it desirable and how could it be achieved? IMF, Washington, DC, Occasional paper,  no. 204; Page, Sheila / Bilal, Sanoussi (2001): Regional integration in Western Africa. Report prepared for and financed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Netherlands, ODI, London, September 2001). The same holds for rival efforts of Francophone circles to establish the F CFA as anchor currency of the future WAMZ.]
}}


We hope Wikipedians on this talk page can take advantage of these comments and improve the quality of the article accordingly.

Dr. Kohnert has published scholarly research which seems to be relevant to this Wikipedia article:



*'''Reference ''': Kohnert, Dirk, 2015. "Togo: recent political and economic development," MPRA Paper 62029, University Library of Munich, Germany.

[[User:ExpertIdeasBot|ExpertIdeasBot]] ([[User talk:ExpertIdeasBot|talk]]) 18:43, 27 June 2016 (UTC)

== Popuation ranking ==

How come the population of ecowas which is 340,000,000 (2013 estimate) is only ranked fourth? Surely it should be third?  <!-- Template:Unsigned IP --><small class="autosigned">—&nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/129.241.146.106|129.241.146.106]] ([[User talk:129.241.146.106#top|talk]]) 09:47, 23 January 2017 (UTC)</small> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->

== External links modified ==

Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 8 external links on [[Economic Community of West African States]]. Please take a moment to review [[special:diff/813272133|my edit]]. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit [[User:Cyberpower678/FaQs#InternetArchiveBot|this simple FaQ]] for additional information. I made the following changes:
*Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110626213148/http://www.africa-union.org/Recs/ECOWASProfile.pdf to http://www.africa-union.org/Recs/ECOWASProfile.pdf
*Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20170307061719/http://www.ecowasparliament.org/en/about-us to http://www.ecowasparliament.org/en/about-us
*Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20081030151400/http://www.ecowascourt.org/French/texts/information.pdf to http://www.ecowascourt.org/French/texts/information.pdf
*Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090202115957/http://www.idrc.ca/en/ev-68350-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html to http://www.idrc.ca/en/ev-68350-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html
*Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20091024131043/http://www.railwaysafrica.com/2009/10/proposed-ecowas-railway/ to http://www.railwaysafrica.com/2009/10/proposed-ecowas-railway/
*Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080916180305/http://www.sec.ecowas.int/index.html to http://www.sec.ecowas.int/index.html
*Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070528073325/http://www.sec.ecowas.int/sitecedeao/english/pps/ecowas.00 to http://www.sec.ecowas.int/sitecedeao/english/pps/ecowas.00
*Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100531015713/http://www.iss.europa.eu/nc/actualites/actualite/browse/3/article/security-by-proxy-the-eu-and-sub-regional-organisations-the-case-of-ecowas/ to http://www.iss.europa.eu/nc/actualites/actualite/browse/3/article/security-by-proxy-the-eu-and-sub-regional-organisations-the-case-of-ecowas/

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== First diagram - legend (title, labels) needed ==

On other languages the similar diagram mention green = "member" [[User:Magnon86|Magnon86]] ([[User talk:Magnon86|talk]]) 17:47, 10 July 2019 (UTC)magnon86

== Mali ==

Mali was recently suspended from ECOWAS due to the military coup there. Any mention in the article about it?
https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/mali-coup-leader-attend-emergency-west-african-summit-2021-05-30

[[User:Nsnandan2635|Nsnandan2635]] ([[User talk:Nsnandan2635|talk]]) 04:32, 31 May 2021 (UTC)

== Restructured article ==

I have restructured the ECOWAS article, but without substantive changes, generally. Previously, the lede was much larger and more-detailed that [[WP:LEDE]] guidelines -- so I moved the excess details to appropriate sections and subsections of the article.

I moved historical details to a new "History" section (also adding a paragraph about recent coups in member countries, with ref cites).

Overall organizational structure details of ECOWAS (names of institutions and detailed descriptions of sub-blocs), which clogged the lede with multiple paragraphs, were moved to a new "Overall" subsection at the start of the "Structure" section.

I moved, then deleted, an un-sourced sentence about Mauritania and Cape Verde membership, because its content was duplicated in properly-sourced text in the "Membership" section.

Have also flagged much of the moved content as needing citations -- sorely lacking throughout the article.

Please, people, remember the lede (opening section, before the table of contents) is only for a SUMMARY of the article -- not a dumping ground for every detail you think is significant. Please put such details in appropriate sections/subsections.
: ~ [[User:Penlite|Penlite]] ([[User talk:Penlite|talk]]) 11:36, 9 September 2021 (UTC)

== Zone A? Zone B? ==

These zones are not explained in the article.--[[User:Oneiros|Oneiros]] ([[User talk:Oneiros|talk]]) 18:15, 30 July 2023 (UTC)

:Came here to say the same thing. Google doesn't offer any help either... [[User:Grunners|Grunners]] ([[User talk:Grunners|talk]]) 14:56, 5 August 2023 (UTC)

::Agreed, and the Treaty doesn't even mention zones. On 22 October 2017 a user at 66.87.30.144 made twenty quick-fire edits, including creating these mysterious zones. I removed the division just now.[[User:Mebden|Mebden]] ([[User talk:Mebden|talk]]) 18:48, 13 August 2023 (UTC)

== Niger's membership ==

ECOWAS announced today the "suspension of all commercial and financial transactions between ECOWAS member states and Niger", along with a "travel ban and asset freeze for the military officials involved in the coup attempt". Does this qualify as a suspension from the bloc? [[Special:Contributions/213.105.99.162|213.105.99.162]] ([[User talk:213.105.99.162|talk]]) 15:49, 31 July 2023 (UTC)

== Labelled Map? ==

It would be nice if this entry included a map with the countries labelled, like the one here for the EU.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union#Member_states  <!-- Template:Unsigned IP --><small class="autosigned">—&nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/92.15.93.46|92.15.93.46]] ([[User talk:92.15.93.46#top|talk]]) 09:05, 4 August 2023 (UTC)</small> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->

== Military interventions not mentioned ==

I don’t see any significant mention of the several regional military interventions ECOWAS has conducted. Apart from incompleteness, it could raise POV concerns. [[User:RadioactiveBoulevardier|RadioactiveBoulevardier]] ([[User talk:RadioactiveBoulevardier|talk]]) 05:57, 6 August 2023 (UTC)

:AGREED! [[Special:Contributions/2601:5CF:8000:6B60:1C9D:1E06:2504:2695|2601:5CF:8000:6B60:1C9D:1E06:2504:2695]] ([[User talk:2601:5CF:8000:6B60:1C9D:1E06:2504:2695|talk]]) 13:26, 11 August 2023 (UTC)

== Dashes in Status column of ECOWAS member states ==

In the listing of Member states, Burkino Faso, Guinea, Mali and Niger are listed as Suspended, and only Cape Verde and Nigeria are listed as Active. All other members are represented simply by a dash.
*"Niger was suspended from ECOWAS after the 2023 coup d'état and threatened with military intervention if President Mohamed Bazoum is not restored to office, causing the Nigerien crisis. On 10 August 2023, after an emergency summit ECOWAS announced the creation of a military task force for possible military intervention in Niger should diplomatic talks fail. ECOWAS military chiefs convened a two-day meeting in Accra, Ghana to discuss a possible military intervention against the junta on August 17 and 18, only the Cape Verde was not ready to participate in the standby force."<br>
But Cape Verde is one of the only two states indicated as "Active", in addition to Nigeria. Then what of the remaining nine states, represented by dashes? If Cape Verde was not ready to participate, does this mean that Nigeria alone was "active" and ready to participate in "a possible military intervention" in Niger? Or perhaps that the status of each of the remaining nine states was unclear? What are the dashes intended to signify, either in general as members, or in terms of the proposed specific action in Niger?<br>
[[User:Milkunderwood|Milkunderwood]] ([[User talk:Milkunderwood|talk]]) 08:55, 1 September 2023 (UTC)
:Agreed, not clear what this means so I've removed it.  [[User:Danlaycock|TDL]] ([[User talk:Danlaycock|talk]]) 17:07, 2 October 2023 (UTC)

==Wiki Education assignment: POLC 3200 African Politics==
{{dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment | course = Wikipedia:Wiki_Ed/Tulane_University/POLC_3200_African_Politics_(Fall_2023) | assignments = [[User:Emaran1|Emaran1]] | start_date = 2023-08-21 | end_date = 2023-12-15 }}

<span class="wikied-assignment" style="font-size:85%;">— Assignment last updated by [[User:Emaran1|Emaran1]] ([[User talk:Emaran1|talk]]) 17:54, 12 October 2023 (UTC)</span>

I am currently editing this article to update and verify sources as well as add more information where there are content gaps. Additionally, I will be working to translate and verify sources from this French Wikipedia Page. 
Here are some updates I will be making based on the discussion in the Talk Page

* Fix population ranking of ECOWAS 
* Mali’s suspension from ECOWAS due to the military coup there 
* Zone A and Zone B are not explained 
* Treaty does not mention zones 
* Check on the status of Niger’s membership  
* Create a labeled map of the countries included in ECOWAS 
* Mention military interventions 

My contributions so far:
*Added more information and sources in the History section of ECOWAS 
*Created a section for the Free Movement of Persons, Resident and Establishment Protocol and gave a brief history of the implementation of the protocol. 
*Created a section for states that have been banned/ left ECOWAS   <!-- Template:Unsigned --><small class="autosigned">—&nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Emaran1|Emaran1]] ([[User talk:Emaran1#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Emaran1|contribs]]) 20:13, 24 October 2023 (UTC)</small> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->


Let me know if you have any suggestions. Thank you! 
[[User:Emaran1|Emaran1]] ([[User talk:Emaran1|talk]])emaran1  <!--Template:Undated--><small class="autosigned">—&nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|undated]] comment added 18:02, 12 October 2023 (UTC)</small> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->

== Niger, Mali and Burkina leave ECOWAS ==

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-68122947 [[User:Agnerf|Agnerf]] ([[User talk:Agnerf|talk]]) 17:13, 29 January 2024 (UTC)
:From the piece: "According to the Ecowas treaty, member states wishing to withdraw must give written notice a year in advance, and continue to abide by its provisions during that year". [[User:Cordless Larry|Cordless Larry]] ([[User talk:Cordless Larry|talk]]) 20:07, 29 January 2024 (UTC)