View source for TY-90

{{More citations needed|date=January 2017}}
{{Infobox weapon
|is_missile=yes
|name=TY-90
|image=(SGP-Singapore) Aviation Industry Corporation of China Changhe Z10-ME Z10ME-02 @ Singapore Airshow 2024-02-25.jpg
|caption=TY-90 mock-ups (bottom-center) displayed in front a [[Changhe Z-10]] helicopter
|origin= China
|type=[[Air-to-air missile|Air-to-air]] & [[surface-to-air missile]]s
|used_by={{CHN}}
|manufacturer=[[China Aviation Industry Corporation I]]
|unit_cost=
|propellant=Solid fuel
|production_date=since 1990s
|service=1990’s – present
|engine=[[Solid-fuel rocket]] motor
|engine_power=
|weight=25 kg
|length=1.95 meter
|height=
|diameter=90 mm
|wingspan=216 mm
|speed=> [[Mach (speed)|Mach]] 2
|vehicle_range=0.5 – 8 km
|ceiling=6 km
|altitude=0 – 6 km
|filling=3 kg warhead
|guidance=ImIR [[Infrared homing|IR]]
|detonation=impact / proximity
|launch_platform=Air & surface
}}

'''TY-90''' ({{zh|s=天燕-90|p=Tiān Yàn-90|l=Sky [[Swallow]]-90}}; [[NATO reporting name]]: CH-SA-13<ref>{{cite journal|title=Chapter Five: Asia: Regional trends in 2024 |date=2025 |journal=The Military Balance 2025 |volume=125 |issue=1 |page=276 |doi=10.1080/04597222.2025.2445477 }}</ref>) is a Chinese [[air-to-air missile]] specifically developed for [[attack helicopter]] [[dogfight]]s. Contrary to erroneous claims, the missile is not developed from [[Man-portable air-defense system|MANPADS]] missiles, but instead, it is specifically designed as an [[air-to-air missile]] to engage in helicopter combat.<ref name="ty90">{{cite web|url=https://en.missilery.info/missile/ty-90 |title=TY-90 |website=missilery}}</ref>{{Better source needed|reason=Source is random no name Russian site of no authority and the source article only cites Chinese gov pages which are also unreliable|date=August 2023}}

==Design and development==
[[File:Changhe Z-10 helicopter armament.jpg|thumb|TY-90 (right-center) missiles showcased at Zhuhai Airshow 2024]]
Chinese determined that the MANPAD missiles converted for helicopter dogfights were not adequate, so a brand-new [[air-to-air missile]] specifically for helicopter use was sanctioned, and TY-90 was the resulting product. The {{cvt|3|kg|lk=on}} [[warhead]] of the missile is specially designed to sever the [[helicopter rotor|rotary wing]]s with a single shot, and the missile has all-aspect attack capability. The missile is designed to ensure a single shot would be sufficient to down an opposing attack helicopter or at least knock it out of action.<ref name="ty90" />

At least three additional versions have been developed in addition to the basic version, two of them being air-to-air versions. The first adopts a dual-band [[missile guidance|guidance]], adding [[UV]] to the original [[infrared|IR]], while the second adopts an [[thermography|Imaging IR]] (ImIR) guidance. During the 5th [[Zhuhai Airshow]] held at the end of 2004, a ground-launched air defense version appeared, with the designation of DY-90, which was essentially the original TY-90, but with an additional option of incorporating a rocket booster to increase range upon customer's request.<ref name="ty90" />

A naval surface-to-air version is also developed, utilizing the [[QW-1 Vanguard#FLS-1|FLS-1]] system and the basic version with IR guidance, thus providing a fire-and-forget capability in comparison to the case where [[QW-1 Vanguard#QW-3|QW-3]] is used.  However, this naval version has not entered service as of 2008, and the reason is reported that the Chinese military wants to wait until the more advanced dual-band or ImIR version can be incorporated into the [[QW-1 Vanguard#FLS-1|FLS-1]] system, which was under development. However, at [[Zhuhai Airshow]], [[AVIC I]], the developer of TY-90 only acknowledged the development and active marketing of such systems, but refused to further confirm whether the Chinese military or any foreign customers had placed any orders, and neither did the developer confirm such developmental works were privately funded by the developer or received any funds from the state or foreign customers.<ref name="ty90" />

==Variants==
===SG-II ADS===
In 2004, a land-based air defense variant of TY-90 is revealed to the Chinese public after entering Chinese service in small numbers for some time. Shengong (Deity Bow, 神弓)-II Air Defense System ('''SG-II ADS''') is the upgrade of its predecessor '''[[Type 85/YW 306#SG ADS|SG ADS]]''', with a quadruple TY-90/DY-90 missile launcher replacing the original [[ZU-23-2|Type 80 23mm AAA gun]] in its predecessor, resulting in the new SG-II ADS.  Like its predecessor, SG-II ADS is also a towed system and uses all other subsystems of its predecessor with the exception of the gun.  Because TY/DY-90 is a fire and forget weapon, no modification is needed for the fire control system of the original [[Type 85/YW 306#SG ADS|SG ADS]].

===''Hunter'' air defense system===
During the 5th [[Zhuhai Airshow]] held at the end of 2004, a mobile land-based air defense variant of TY-90 was revealed, dubbed as LS ADS, short for Lie-Shou (猎手, meaning Hunter) Air Defense System.  Eight TY-90 in two groups of four are mounted in the back of a [[Dongfeng EQ2050]], and the fire control system consists of electro-optics including laser, IR & TV, mounted between the two quadruple launchers.

The LS ADS is developed by [[Norinco]], with [[Dongfeng Motor Corporation]] as the subcontractor to develop the chassis (vehicle).  LS ADS is capable of being air transported, including being slung under helicopters. The system is operated by a team of two, one driver and one weaponry system officer.  The system can also be integrated into a larger air defense network.  A small number subsequently entered [[People's Liberation Army|PLA]] service for evaluation purposes.

===Type 92 Yitian===
The TY-90 has been mounted on the [[WZ-551]] armored personnel carrier as an air defense vehicle for mechanized forces. In 2005, this mobile land-based air defense system was revealed to the Chinese public, called Yi-Tian ({{zh|s=倚天}}) Air Defense System, or YT ADS. The weaponry includes eight TY-90 missiles, [[W85 heavy machine gun|QJC-88]] 12.7&nbsp;mm heavy machine gun, and 2 sets of 4 smoke grenade dischargers. WZ-551 is the chassis of the Yi-Tian air defense system, giving the system amphibious capability and added protection.  Additionally, a light solid-state 3-D passive phased array radar is added to the fire control system, just above the original electro-optical fire control system, providing the ADS with a greater surveillance range. The radar can be folded down for traveling and transportation.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-PLA-Div-ADS.html#mozTocId298387 |title=Yi Tian WZ551 Wheeled Self-Propelled Surface-to-Air Missile System |website=ausairpower |date=16 March 2009 |pages=1 |last1=Andrew |first1=Martin }}</ref> Yi-Tian system was modified and improved upon customer request, and renamed to Tianlong 6 (Sky Dragon 6) SHORAD missile weapon system. Laotian army signed the contract with China in 2010, becoming the first customer of the Tianlong 6 system.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sohu.com/a/290292689_100078044 |title=中国外贸型"天龙"6近程自行防空导弹武器系统亮相老挝建军70周年阅兵式  |website=Sohu News |date=20 January 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sohu.com/a/224917209_464121 |title=天燕90导弹上车：防空霸主天龙6近程防空导弹发射车  |website=Sohu News |date=6 March 2018 }}</ref>

Specifications:
* Maximum target altitude: 4&nbsp;km
* Minimum target altitude: 15 meter
* Maximum target range: 6&nbsp;km
* Minimum target range: 300 meter
* Maximum target speed: > 400 meter / second
* Maximum radar searching range: >20&nbsp;km
* Maximum radar tracking range: 10 – 12&nbsp;km
* System reaction time: 6 – 8 seconds

=== Yitian-L ===
The Yitian-L is a short-range air defense system consisting of 4 TY-90 missiles and X-band 3D search radar mast mounted on a 4x4 Dongfeng tactical vehicle chassis.<ref name="yitian-l">{{cite web|url=https://armyrecognition.com/news/army-news/army-news-2024/mauritanian-army-acquires-chinese-made-yitian-l-air-defense-systems-with-ty-90-missiles |title=Mauritanian Army Acquires Chinese-Made Yitian-L Air Defense Systems with TY-90 Missiles. |website=armyrecognition |date=14 June 2024 }}</ref>

=== SWS-2 ===
The SWS-2 is a [[SHORAD]] gun/missile system, based on the chassis of [[Type 08|VN-1]]. It is armed with a 35&nbsp;mm revolver cannon and four TY-90 surface-to-air missiles. The system was marketed by China in 2016.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Foss |first1=Christopher F. |url=http://www.janes.com/article/62014/china-develops-sws2-mobile-air-defence-system |title=China develops SWS2 mobile air-defence system |website=janes.com |date=6 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706155505/http://www.janes.com/article/62014/china-develops-sws2-mobile-air-defence-system |archive-date=6 July 2016 |access-date=11 November 2018}}</ref><ref name="sws2_2024">{{cite web|url=https://www.xinghuozhiku.com/470173.html |title=这是执念深重啊！单管35毫米转膛高射炮再升级！换底盘，改炮塔，防空导弹数量加倍 |website=xinghuozhiku |date=6 November 2024 }}</ref>

==Operators==
* {{flag|China}}: [[People's Liberation Army Ground Force]]
* {{flag|Laos}}: [[Laotian Army]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://armyrecognition.com/news/army-news/2019/laos-displays-chinese-made-yitian-or-tianlong-6-air-defense-missile-system |title=Laos displays Chinese-made Yitian, or Tianlong 6, air defense missile system. |website=armyrecognition |date=2 January 2019 }}</ref>
* {{flag|Mauritania}}: [[Mauritanian Army]]<ref name="yitian-l" />
===Non-state actors===
* {{flag|Wa State}}: [[United Wa State Army]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/myanmar/wa-04302013201404.html |title=China Provides Fighter Copters to Burma Armed Group: Report |website=Radio Free Asia |date=30 April 2013 }}</ref>

==Specifications (TY-90)==
For air-to-air version:<ref name="ty90" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/china_chinese_army_missile_systems_vehicles/ty-90_dy-90_shorad_short_range_ground-to-air_missile_technical_data_sheet_specifications_pictures.html |title=TY-90 DY-90 SHORAD Short range ground-to-air missile technical data sheet specifications pictures |website=armyrecognition }}</ref>
*length: 1.9 meter
*diameter: 0.09 metre
*weight: 20 [[kg]]
*warhead: 3 [[kg]]
*Maximum g-force: 20 g
*guidance: [[infrared homing]]
*fuze: laser proximity / contact
*speed: > [[Mach number|Mach]] 2
*minimum range: 0.5&nbsp;km
*maximum range: 8&nbsp;km
*minimum altitude: 0 meter
*maximum altitude: 6&nbsp;km
*single-shot kill probability: > 80%
*developer: [[China Aviation Industry Corporation I]]

==See also==
*[[WZ-551]]
*[[Changhe Z-10]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* [http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/ty-90.htm TY-90 missile]

{{Chinese Missiles}}

[[Category:Air-to-air missiles of the People's Republic of China]]
[[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of the People's Republic of China]]
[[Category:Guided missiles of the People's Republic of China]]
[[Category:Weapons of the People's Republic of China]]
[[Category:Naval surface-to-air missiles]]
[[Category:Close-in weapon systems]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1990s]]