View source for TGV POS

{{Short description|French high-speed train}}
{{Infobox EMU
| name = TGV POS
| image = SNCF TGV 4403 Satigny 150414 TGV9770 Ge PGL.jpg
| caption = SNCF [[TGV Lyria]] 4403 at [[Satigny]] running from Genève to Paris Gare de Lyon
| background = #B6B1AF
| manufacturer = [[Alstom]]
| operator = [[TGV Lyria|Lyria]]
| formation = 2 motor cars + 8 trailers
| numberbuilt = 38 motor cars
| replaced = [[SNCF TGV Sud-Est|TGV Sud-Est]]
| lines = [[LGV Est]]<br />[[LGV Rhin-Rhône]]<br />[[LGV Sud-Est]]<br />[[LGV Nord]]
| depots = 
| service = 2006
| weight = {{Convert|383|t|0|abbr=on|lk=on}} (empty)
| carlength = 
| trainlength = {{Convert|200.19|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| width = Motor car {{Convert|2.81|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<br>Trailer {{Convert|2.904|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| height = {{Convert|4.1|m|ftin|abbr=on}} (power car),<br> {{Convert|3.42|m|ftin|abbr=on}} (trailer)
| acceleration = ≥{{cvt|1.7|km/h/s}}({{cvt|0-100|km/h}}),<br />{{cvt|0.35|km/h/s}} (at {{cvt|320|km/h|0}}), 
from {{cvt|0 to 320|km/h}} within 5 minutes 20 seconds and {{cvt|18|km|1}}{{cn|date=January 2021}}
| powersupply = 
| collectionmethod = CX [[Pantograph (rail)|Pantograph]]
| electricsystem = {{Unbulleted list
   | [[Overhead line]]: 
   | {{in5|3}} {{25 kV 50 Hz}}
   | {{in5|3}} {{15 kV AC}}
   | {{in5|3}} {{1,500 V DC}}
   }}
| safety = [[Transmission Voie-Machine|TVM-430]], [[Contrôle_de_vitesse_par_balises|KVB]], [[Linienzugbeeinflussung|LZB]], [[Punktförmige Zugbeeinflussung|PZB]]
| gauge = {{RailGauge|sg|allk=on}}
}}

The '''TGV POS''' is a [[TGV]] train built by [[France|French]] manufacturer [[Alstom]] which is operated by the French national rail company, the [[SNCF]], in France's [[high-speed railway line|high-speed rail lines]]. It was originally ordered by the SNCF for use on the [[LGV Est]], which was put into service in 2007. POS is an abbreviation of ''Paris-Ostfrankreich-Süddeutschland'' ({{langx|en|Paris, Eastern France, Southern Germany}}), the route of the LGV Est.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/high-speed-tgv-pos-prepares-to-enter-service.html |title=High speed: TGV POS prepares to enter service |date=2006-12-01 |work=Railway Gazette |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->}}</ref>

==History==

The TGV POS project was a unique extension of the [[TGV Duplex]] order. Alstom delivered to SNCF 38 new tri-current power cars and 19 sets of double-deck Duplex passenger carriages. 

The tri-current power cars were paired with the 19 sets of single-level passenger carriages from [[SNCF TGV Réseau|TGV Réseau]] trainsets, while the two-level Duplex passenger carriages were paired with the 38 dual-current power cars from the Réseau trainsets. The tri-current function was necessary for the [[LGV Est]], which ends at the German border, where the electrification switches to the {{15 kV AC}} system. Meanwhile, the heavily congested lines where the Réseau trainsets were used needed the additional passenger capacity provided by the Duplex passenger carriages.

The project allowed SNCF to receive the tri-current power cars needed ahead of the opening of the LGV Est, without slowing the production of the Duplex trainsets.

The TGV POS power cars have a total power output of {{convert|9.6|MW|hp|0|lk=on|abbr=on}} under {{25 kV 50 Hz}}, and {{convert|6.8|MW|hp|0|abbr=on}} under 15&nbsp;kV&nbsp;16.7&nbsp;Hz&nbsp;AC, with a top speed of {{convert|320|km/h|mph|0}} under either system. 

Each TGV POS trainset weighs {{Convert|383|t|abbr=on}} and is numbered in the 4400 series. The livery is the same as that of TGV Réseau sets (silver and blue).

From 2013 to 2019, all of the TGV POS trainsets were shifted from LGV Est to the [[TGV Lyria]] service (a joint-venture by SNCF and the [[Swiss Federal Railways]]) between [[France]] and [[Switzerland]], replacing the nine [[SNCF TGV Sud-Est|TGV Sud-Est]] trainsets that had been used.

Since 2019, all TGV POS trainsets operate strictly on domestic services.

==Gallery==
<gallery>
TGV cab view riding at 320 km per hour.JPG|View from the cab aboard a TGV POS at 320 km/h
TGV 4415 Strasbourg.jpg|TGV POS at {{stnlnk|Strasbourg}} in September 2010
</gallery>

==World rail speed record==
{{Main|TGV world speed record}}
On 3 April 2007 a train using both power cars of the TGV POS trainset number 4402 set a new world speed record for travel on conventional rails. The [[Project V150]] train reached {{convert|574.8|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20070007608 |title=French train sets new world record |work=NDTV |date=2007-04-09 |access-date=2007-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070409180230/http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20070007608 |archive-date=2007-04-09 |agency=Associated Press |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->}}</ref> As part of a series of increasingly faster runs that culminated in the official record attempt, it set an unofficial speed record of {{convert|554.3|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} on 13 February 2007.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.monstersandcritics.com/business/news/article_1263596.php/French_high-speed_TGV_breaks_world_conventional_rail-speed_record| title=French high-speed TGV breaks world conventional rail-speed record| agency=Deutsche Presse-Agentur |work=Monsters and Critics | date=2007-02-14| access-date=2007-02-14| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070218084148/http://news.monstersandcritics.com/business/news/article_1263596.php/French_high-speed_TGV_breaks_world_conventional_rail-speed_record| archive-date=2007-02-18 |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->}}</ref>

Between the TGV POS [[power car]]s were three specially modified Duplex cars. The cars closest to the locomotive were each fitted with two powered bogies, similar to the [[Automotrice à grande vitesse|AGV]] prototype (four [[Alstom]] 12 LCS 3550 C traction motors<ref name="alstommotors">{{Cite web |last=Alstom |date=2015-02-01 |title=Motor catalogue |url=http://imaya.biz/MAYA/Alstom%20Motors%20General%20Catalogue%20-%20MAYA%20transmission%20Co.,%20LTD.PDF |url-status=live |page=27 |format=PDF|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241214163015/http://imaya.biz/MAYA/Alstom%20Motors%20General%20Catalogue%20-%20MAYA%20transmission%20Co.,%20LTD.PDF|archivedate=2024-12-14}}</ref>), providing four more powered axles than the trainset used during the 1990 TGV world speed record, and had a theoretical maximum power output of {{convert|19.6|MW|hp|0|abbr=on}}. 

The train set ran with larger wheels, and the voltage of the overhead lines was increased to 31&nbsp;kV from the standard 25&nbsp;kV.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/6521295.stm|title=French set new rail speed record|work=BBC News | date=2007-04-03 | access-date=2010-01-04 |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->}}</ref> The maximum speed was achieved near kilometer post 193 on the [[LGV Est]] between [[Meuse TGV station|Meuse]] and the [[Gare de Champagne-Ardenne TGV|Champagne-Ardenne]] TGV stations.

==See also==
{{Commons category|TGV POS}}  
*[[ICE 3]]
*[[TGV Duplex]]
* [[SNCF TGV Thalys PBKA]]
* [[List of high-speed trains]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}<!--added above categories/infobox footers by script-assisted edit-->

{{SNCF units}}
{{TGV navbox}}
{{High-speed rail}}

[[Category:TGV trainsets|Pos]]
[[Category:Passenger trains running at least at 300 km/h in commercial operations]]
[[Category:Electric multiple units with locomotive-like power cars]]
[[Category:15 kV AC multiple units]]
[[Category:25 kV AC multiple units]]
[[Category:Alstom multiple units]]