View source for TGF beta receptor

{{Short description|Protein family}}
{{protein
|Name=[[TGFBR1|transforming growth factor beta, receptor type I (activin A receptor type II-like kinase, 53kDa)]]
|caption=
|image=
|width=
|HGNCid=11772
|Symbol=[[TGFBR1]]
|AltSymbols=ALK5
|EntrezGene=7046
|OMIM=190181
|RefSeq=NM_004612
|UniProt=P36897
|PDB=
|ECnumber=
|Chromosome=9
|Arm=q
|Band=22
|LocusSupplementaryData=
}}
{{protein
| Name       = [[TGFBR2|transforming growth factor beta, receptor type II (70/80kDa)]]
| caption    = 
| image      = 
| width      = 
| HGNCid     = 11773
| Symbol     = [[TGFBR2]]
| AltSymbols = MFS2
| EntrezGene = 7048
| OMIM       = 190182
| RefSeq     = NM_001024847
| UniProt    = P37173
| PDB        = 
| ECnumber   = 
| Chromosome = 3
| Arm        = p
| Band       = 24.1
| LocusSupplementaryData = 
}}
{{protein
|Name=[[TGFBR3|transforming growth factor beta, receptor type III]]
|caption=
|image=
|width=
|HGNCid=11774
|Symbol=[[TGFBR3]]
|AltSymbols=β-Glycan
|EntrezGene=7049
|OMIM=600742
|RefSeq=NM_003243
|UniProt=Q03167
|PDB=
|ECnumber=
|Chromosome=1
|Arm=p
|Band=33
|LocusSupplementaryData=-p32
}}

'''Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) receptors''' are [[bitopic protein|single pass]] [[Receptor protein serine/threonine kinase|serine/threonine kinase receptors]] that belong to [[TGFβ superfamily receptor|TGFβ receptor family]]. They exist in several different [[isoform]]s that can be [[homodimeric|homo]]- or [[heterodimeric]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Doré JJ, Edens M, Garamszegi N, Leof EB | title = Heteromeric and homomeric transforming growth factor-beta receptors show distinct signaling and endocytic responses in epithelial cells | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 273 | issue = 48 | pages = 31770–7 | date = November 1998 | pmid = 9822641 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.273.48.31770 | doi-access = free }} (free full text)</ref> The number of characterized ligands in the TGFβ superfamily far exceeds the number of known receptors, suggesting the promiscuity that exists between the [[ligand]] and receptor interactions. 

[[TGFβ]] is a [[growth factor]] and [[cytokine]] involved in [[paracrine signalling]] and can be found in many different [[tissue (biology)|tissue]] types, including [[brain]], [[heart]], [[kidney]], [[liver]], [[bone]], and [[testes]]. Over-[[gene expression|expression]] of TGFβ can induce renal [[fibrosis]], causing [[kidney disease]], as well as [[diabetes]], and ultimately [[end-stage renal disease]]. Recent developments have found that, using certain types of protein [[receptor antagonist|antagonist]]s against TGFβ receptors, can halt and in some cases reverse the effects of renal fibrosis.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}}

Three TGFβ superfamily receptors specific for TGFβ, the TGFβ receptors, can be distinguished by their structural and functional properties. [[TGFβR1]] (ALK5) and [[TGFβR2]] have similar ligand-binding affinities and can be distinguished from each other only by [[peptide mapping]]. Both TGFβR1 and TGFβR2 have a high affinity for [[TGF beta 1|TGFβ1]] and low affinity for [[TGF beta 2|TGFβ2]]. [[TGFβR3]] (β-glycan) has a high affinity for both [[homodimer]]ic TGFβ1 and TGFβ2 and in addition the [[heterodimer]] TGF-β1.2.<ref name="pmid2903157">{{cite journal | vauthors = Cheifetz S, Andres JL, Massagué J | title = The transforming growth factor-beta receptor type III is a membrane proteoglycan. Domain structure of the receptor | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 263 | issue = 32 | pages = 16984–91 | date = November 1988 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)37487-8 | pmid = 2903157 | doi-access = free }}</ref> The TGFβ receptors also bind [[TGFβ3]].

==See also== 
* [[TGFβ superfamily receptor]]
* [[TGFβ signaling pathway]]
* [[TGFβ superfamily]]

==References==
{{Reflist|33em}}

==External links==
* {{MeshName|TGF-beta+Receptors}}


{{TGF beta signaling}}
{{Growth factor receptors}}
{{Cytokine receptors}}
{{Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases}}
{{TGFβ receptor superfamily modulators}}

[[Category:Transmembrane receptors]]
[[Category:TGF beta receptors]]


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