View source for Syrmia

{{Short description|Historical region in Serbia and Croatia}}
{{Redirect2|Srem|Srijem|other uses of all these terms|Syrmia (disambiguation)||Srem (disambiguation)|and|Srijem, Koprivnica-Križevci County}}
{{Infobox settlement
|native_name = {{native name|sr|Срем}}<br/>{{native name|hr|Srijem}}
|settlement_type = [[Historical region]]
|image_skyline = {{Photomontage
|color = #ffffff
|photo1a = Сремска_Митровица_16.jpg{{!}}Sremska Mitrovica
|photo1b = 20230429.Ansichten_von_Vukovar.-049.jpg{{!}}Vukovar
|photo2a = Popovicko_jezero.jpg{{!}}Popovičko Lake in Fruška Gora
|photo2b = Carska_palata_Sirmijum1.JPG{{!}}Ruins of Roman imperial palace, Sremska Mitrovica
|spacing = 2
|border = 0
|size = 260
}}
|image_caption = {{hlist|From top, left to right: [[Sremska Mitrovica]]|[[Vukovar]]|[[Fruška Gora]]|[[Sirmium]]}}
|image_map = Syrmia.png
|map_caption = Map of Syrmia
|image_shield = Srem grb.jpg
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{SRB}}<br />{{CRO}}
|coordinates = {{Coord|45|06|N|19|34|E|type:landmark_dim:100000|display=it}}
|seat_type = Largest city
|seat = [[Sremska Mitrovica]]
|timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
|utc_offset = +1
|timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
|utc_offset_DST = +2
}}
'''Syrmia''' ({{langx|sr|Срем|Srem}}; {{langx|hr|Srijem}}; {{langx|rsk|Срим|Srim}}) is a region of the southern [[Pannonian Plain]], which lies between the [[Danube]] and [[Sava]] rivers. It is divided between [[Serbia]] and [[Croatia]]. Most of the region is flat, with the exception of the low [[Fruška Gora]] mountain stretching along the Danube in its northern part.

== Etymology ==
The word "Syrmia" is derived from the ancient city of [[Sirmium]] (now [[Sremska Mitrovica]]).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Stewart Traill |first1=Thomas |title=The Encyclopaedia Britannica: Or, Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature, Volume 20 |date=1860 |publisher=Little, Brown, & Company |page=327 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vTg_AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA327}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Protić |first1=Marijana |last2=Smičiklas |first2=Nemanja |last3=Bulajić |first3=Vladimir |editor1-last=Teutonico |editor1-first=Jeanne Marie |editor2-last=Friedman |editor2-first=Leslie |editor3-last=Abed |editor3-first=Aïcha Ben |title=The Conservation and Presentation of Mosaics: At What Cost?: Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the International Committee for the Conservation of Mosaics, Sardinia, October 27–31, 2014 |date=2017 |publisher=Getty Publications |isbn=9781606065334 |page=387 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P44wDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA387 |chapter=Conservation, Restoration, and Presentation of Two Mosaics from Room 16, Imperial Palace, Sirmium}}</ref> Sirmium was a [[Celts|Celtic]] or [[Illyrians|Illyrian]] town founded in the third century BC.

''Srem'' ({{lang-sr-Cyrl|Срем}}) and ''Srijem'' ({{lang-sr-Cyrl|Сријем|label=none}}) are used to designate the region in Serbia and Croatia respectively.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Gecser |editor1-first=Ottó |editor2-last=Laszlovszky |editor2-first=József |editor3-last=Nagy |editor3-first=Balázs |editor4-last=Sebők |editor4-first=Marcell |editor5-last=Szende |editor5-first=Katalin |title=Promoting the Saints: Cults and Their Contexts from Late Antiquity until the Early Modern Period |date=2010 |publisher=Central European University Press |isbn=9789633863923 |pages=84–85 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k1VDEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA85}}</ref> Other names for the region include:
* {{langx|la|Syrmia}} or ''[[Sirmium]]''
* {{langx|hu|Szerémség}} or ''Szerém''
* {{langx|de|Syrmien}}
* {{langx|sk|Sriem}}
* {{langx|rsk|Срим|Srim}}
* {{langx|ro|Sirmia}}

== History ==
=== Prehistory ===
[[File:ZGvucdove.jpg|thumb|The [[Vučedol Culture|Vučedol Dove]], ritual vessel made between 2800 and [[2500 BCE]], symbol of [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] [[Vučedol culture]] centred in Syrmia (3000–2400 BC)]]
Between 3000 BC and 2400 BC, Syrmia was at the centre of [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] [[Vučedol culture]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20010418165050/http://www.vjesnik.hr/html/2001/04/01/Clanak.asp?r=kul&c=1 Syrmia], vjesnik.hr; accessed 13 April 2015.</ref>

=== Roman era ===
{{main|Pannonia Secunda|Sirmium}}
[[Sirmium]] was conquered by Romans in the first century BC and became the economic and political capital of [[Pannonia]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mennen |first1=Inge |title=Power and Status in the Roman Empire, AD 193-284 |date=2011 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004203594 |page=40 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uZqQjkb07g8C&pg=PA40}}</ref> In 6 AD, there was an uprising of the indigenous peoples against Roman rule. However, ten later [[Roman Emperors]] were born in Sirmium or nearby. They included [[Herennius Etruscus]] (227–251), [[Hostilian]] (230?–251), [[Decius|Decius Traian]] (249–251), [[Claudius II]] (268–270), [[Quintillus]] (270), [[Aurelian]] (270–275), [[Marcus Aurelius Probus|Probus]] (276–282), [[Maximian|Maximianus Herculius]] (285–310), [[Constantius II]] (337–361), and [[Gratian]] (367–383).{{cn|date=September 2022}}

=== Early Middle Ages ===
{{main|Pannonia (Byzantine province)|Battle of Sirmium}}
In the 6th century, Syrmia was part of the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] province of [[Pannonia (Byzantine province)|Pannonia]]. During that time, Byzantine rule was challenged by [[Ostrogoths]] and [[Gepids]]. In 567, Byzantine rule was fully restored, although it later collapsed during the [[Siege of Sirmium]] by [[Pannonian Avars|Avars]] and [[South Slavs|Slavs]] in 582. It remained under Avar rule up to c. 800, when it came under the control of the [[Frankish Empire]]. In 827, [[Bulgars]] invaded Syrmia and continued to rule after a peace treaty in 845 AD. The region was later incorporated into the [[Pannonian Slavs#Principality|Principality of Lower Pannonia]], but during the 10th century it became a battleground between [[Hungarians]], [[Bulgarians]], and [[Serbs]].{{sfn|Ćirković|2004|p=}}

At the beginning of the 11th century, the ruler of Syrmia was Duke [[Sermon (ruler)|Sermon]], vassal of the [[First Bulgarian Empire|Bulgarian]] emperor [[Samuel of Bulgaria|Samuel]]. There had been Bulgar resistance to Byzantine rule. This collapsed and Sermon, who refused to capitulate was captured and killed by [[Constantine Diogenes (died 1032)|Constantine Diogenes]]. A new but ultimately short lived area of governance named the [[Theme (Byzantine district)|Thema]] of [[Theme of Sirmium|Sirmium]] was established. It included the region of Syrmia and what is now [[Mačva]]. In 1071, Hungarians took over the region of Syrmia, but the Byzantine Empire reconquered the province after the victory over the Hungarians in the [[Battle of Sirmium]]. Byzantine rule ended in 1180, when Syrmia was taken again by the Hungarians.

=== Late Middle Ages ===
{{main|Syrmia County (medieval)|Valkó County}}
In the 13th century, the region was controlled by the [[Kingdom of Hungary]]. On 3 March 1229, the acquisition of Syrmia was confirmed by [[Papal bull]]. [[Pope Gregory IX]] wrote, "[Margaretha] soror…regis Ungarie [acquired] terram…ulterior Sirmia". In 1231, The Duke of Syrmia was [[House of Gilet|Giletus]]. In the 1200s, the territory around Syrmia was divided into two counties: Syrmia in the east and Valkó (Vukovar) in the west.
[[File:Kingdom of syrmia according to stanoje stanojevic.png|thumb|Realm of [[Stefan Dragutin]]]]
Between 1282 and 1316, Syrmia was ruled by [[Stefan Dragutin]] of Serbia.<ref>Veselinović R. ''Istorija Srpske pravoslavne crkve sa narodnom istorijom I'' Belgrade, 1969. p. 18</ref><ref>Grujić R. ''Pravoslavna Srpska crkva, Kragujevac'', 1989, p22.</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=June 2008}} Initially, Dragutin was a vassal of Hungary but later ruled independently. Dragutin died in 1316, and was succeeded by his son, [[Stefan Vladislav II of Serbia|Stefan Vladislav II]] (1316–1325). In 1324, Vladislav II was defeated by [[Stefan Dečanski|Stefan Uroš III Dečanski]] of [[Kingdom of Serbia (1217–1346)|Serbia]]. Lower Syrmia became the subject of dispute between the kingdoms of [[Kingdom of Serbia (1217–1346)|Serbia]] and Hungary.

In 1404, [[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor]] ceded part of Syrmia to [[Stefan Lazarević]] of Serbia.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Stepanović |first1=Predrag |title=A Taxonomic Description of the Dialects of Serbs and Croats in Hungary: The Štokavian Dialect |date=1986 |publisher=Akad. K |isbn=9783412074845 |page=22}}</ref>

From 1459, the Hungarian kings endorsed the [[House of Branković]] and later, the [[Berislavići Grabarski]] family as the titular heads of the [[Serbian Despotate]] of which Syrmia was a part. They resided in Kupinik (modern-day [[Kupinovo]]). The local rulers included [[Vuk Grgurević]] (1471 to 1485); [[Đorđe Branković]] (1486 to 1496), [[Jovan Branković]] (1496 to 1502), [[Ivaniš Berislavić]] (1504 to 1514), and [[Stjepan Berislavić]] (1520 to 1535). In 1522, the last of the titular Serbian despots in Syrmia, [[Stjepan Berislavić]], moved to [[Slavonia]], ahead of invading [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] forces. Another important local governor was [[Laurence of Ilok]], Duke of Syrmia (1477 to 1524), who reigned over large parts of the region from [[Ilok]].

=== Early modern period ===
{{main|Sanjak of Syrmia|Syrmia County}}
In 1521, parts of Syrmia fell to the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]] and by 1538, the entire region was under Ottoman control. Between 1527 and 1530, [[Radoslav Čelnik]] ruled Syrmia as an Ottoman vassal. The area of [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] administration in Syrmia was known as the [[Sanjak of Syrmia]].

In 1699, the [[Habsburg monarchy]] took western Syrmia from the Ottomans as part of the [[Treaty of Karlowitz]].<ref>Stoye J. [https://books.google.com/books?id=ilPerwOcDrUC&dq=syrmia&pg=PA185 ''Marsigli's Europe, 1680-1730''] Yale University Press, 1994 p185 {{ISBN|0300055420}}, 9780300055429 Accessed at Google Books 3 August 2016.</ref> Until the [[Treaty of Passarowitz]] at the end of the [[Austro-Turkish War of 1716-18]], remainder of Syrmia was part of the Habsburg [[Military Frontier]].{{sfn|Ingrao|Samardžić|Pešalj|2011|p=193}}

At the end of the Austro-Russian-Turkish War of 1735–1739, there was a migration of Albanians from the Kelmendi tribe to Syrmia, who were recorded as speaking Albanian as late as 1921.<ref>[http://www.albanianhistory.net/1782_Windisch/index.html Karl Gottlieb von Windisch: On the Kelmendi in Syrmia]</ref>

In 1745, the [[Syrmia County]] was established as part of the Habsburg [[Kingdom of Slavonia]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=Establishment and Organisation of Counties in Eastern Croatia from 1745-1848 |journal=Glasnik arhiva Slavonije i Baranje |date=2001 |volume=6 |page=34 |quote=The empress Maria Theresa renewed in 1745 three Slavonian counties: the Virovitica county with the centre in Osijek, the Požega county with the centre in Požega and the Syrmia county with the centre in Vukovar.}}</ref> During the [[Austro-Turkish War (1788–1791)|Austro-Turkish War]] (1788-1791), there were émigrés from Serbia who settled in Syrmia.{{sfn|Ćirković|2004|p=160}}

<gallery>
File:Koh administrative 1370 01.png|Szerém and Valkó counties, 1370
File:Radoslav celnik01.png|Duchy of Syrmia of [[Radoslav Čelnik]], 1527 to 1530
File:Ottoman vojvodina01.png|[[Sanjak of Syrmia]], 1568 to 1571
File:Eyalet of temesvar1699.png|Habsburg-Ottoman frontier in Syrmia, 1699
</gallery>

=== 19th century ===
In 1807, the [[Tican's Rebellion]], a Syrmian peasant uprising, occurred on [[Ruma]] estate and in the village of [[Voganj]] in [[Ilok]] estate.

In 1848, most of Syrmia was part of short-lived [[Serbian Vojvodina]], a Serb autonomous region within the Austrian Empire. By a 1849 decree of the [[Franz Joseph I of Austria|Emperor Franz Joseph]], the [[Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar]] was created, comprising Northern Syrmia, including Ilok and Ruma.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Petsinis |first1=Vassilis |title=National Identity in Serbia: The Vojvodina and a Multi-Ethnic Community in the Balkans |date=2019 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=9781788317085 |page=37 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M3C1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA37}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Ivanišević |first1=Alojz |title=Kroatische Politik der Wiener Zentralstellen von 1849 bis 1852 |date=1984 |publisher=VWGÖ |isbn=9783853695784 |page=48 |language=German |quote=..die Einverleibung der seit dem 18.11.1849 zur [Serbisch] Vojvodschaft gehörenden syrmischen Bezirke Ruma und Ilok}}</ref>

After 1860, the [[Syrmia County]] was re-established and returned to the [[Kingdom of Slavonia]]. In 1868, the Kingdom of Slavonia became part of [[Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia|Croatia-Slavonia]] in the Kingdom of Hungary.
<gallery>
File:Vojvodina03.png|[[Serbian Vojvodina|Serbian Voivodship]], 1848
File:KoH-CS-Szerem.svg|The [[Szerém (former county)|County of Syrmia]] within [[Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia|Croatia-Slavonia]], 1881
</gallery>
=== 20th century ===
[[File:Spomen-obeležje Sremski front, jun 2018. 229.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Memorial to the World War II [[Syrmian Front]] operation, near [[Šid]]]]
On 29 October 1918, Syrmia became a part of the newly independent [[State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs]]. On 24 November 1918, the Assembly of Syrmia proclaimed the unification of Serb-populated parts of Syrmia with the Kingdom of [[Serbia]]. However, from 1 December 1918, all of Syrmia was made a part of the [[Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes]].

From 1918 to 1922, Syrmia remained within the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia|Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes]] and from 1922 to 1929, Syrmia was a province (''[[oblast]]''). In 1929, after a new territorial division, Syrmia was divided between [[Danube Banovina]] and [[Drina Banovina]], in the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]] and in 1931, it was divided between Danube Banovina and [[Sava Banovina]]. In 1939, the western part of Syrmia was included into the newly formed [[Banovina of Croatia]].

In 1941, Syrmia was occupied by the [[World War II]] [[Axis powers]] and its entire territory was ceded to the [[Independent State of Croatia]], a Nazi [[puppet state]]. The fascist [[Ustashe]] regime systematically murdered [[Serbs]] (as part of the [[Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia|Genocide of the Serbs]]), [[Jews]] ([[The Holocaust]]), [[Romani people|Roma]] ([[Romani genocide|The Porajmos]]), and some political dissidents. Nowhere in occupied Europe were more church-historical monuments destroyed than in the Independent State of Croatia. The greatest destruction took place in  Srem. The Ustashe occupiers targeted parish churches and the monasteries of Fruška Gora, which housed rich treasuries and libraries. Their goal was the eradication of historical traces of the Serb presence in these areas.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Krađa kulturnog i nacionalnog blaga Jugoslavije|last=Živković|first=Mirjana|last2=Todović|first2=Milenko|publisher=Vojska, Dečje novine|year=1995|page=23|location=Beograd}}</ref>

In August 1942, following the joint military anti-partisan operation in the Syrmia by the Ustashe and German [[Wehrmacht]], it turned into a [[Syrmia massacre|massacre by the Ustasha militia]] that left up to 7,000 Serbs dead.<ref>{{cite book| last=Korb| first=Alexander| editor-last=Shepherd | editor-first=Ben| title=War in a Twilight World: Partisan and Anti-Partisan Warfare in Eastern Europe, 1939–1945| chapter=Integrated Warfare? The Germans and the Ustaša Massacres: Syrmia 1942| publisher=Palgrave Macmillan| year=2010c| isbn= 978-0-230-29048-8}}</ref> Among those killed was the prominent painter [[Sava Šumanović]], who was arrested along with 150 residents of [[Šid]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Greif|first=Gideon|author-link=Gideon Greif|title=Jasenovac - Auschwitz of the Balkans|publisher=Knjiga komerc|year=2018|isbn=9789655727272|page=437}}</ref> In 1945, with the creation of new borders, eastern Syrmia became part of the [[People's Republic of Serbia]], while western Syrmia became part of the [[People's Republic of Croatia]].

In 1991, Croatia declared [[Independence of Croatia|its independence]] from [[Yugoslavia]], and the [[Croatian War of Independence]] ensued shortly thereafter. The Serbs self-proclaimed in one part western Syrmia an autonomous region called the "Serbian Autonomous Region of [[Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Srem|Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia]]". This region was one of the two Serbian autonomous regions that formed the self-declared and unrecognized [[Republic of Serbian Krajina]]. The region was ethnically cleansed of its Croat and some other non-Serb population leading to some of the most serious violation of human rights including the [[Lovas killings]], the [[Tovarnik massacre]], the [[Vukovar massacre]], and [[List of massacres in the Croatian War of Independence|other crimes]]. The autonomous regions lasted until 1995, when it was [[Erdut Agreement|reintegrated in Croatia]]. After the war, a number of towns and municipalities in the Croatian part of Syrmia were designated [[Areas of Special State Concern (Croatia)|Areas of Special State Concern]].

==Demographics==
{{Main article|Demographic history of Syrmia}}
According to the 2022 census in [[Serbia]], the territory of Serbian part of Syrmia had a population of 339,881 inhabitants, composed of 83.5% of [[Serbs]], 2.2% of [[Croats]], 2.1% of [[Slovaks]], 2% of [[Romani people|Roma]], and 1.1% of [[Hungarians]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/Popis2011/Nacionalna%20pripadnost-Ethnicity.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-06-02 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811224233/http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/Popis2011/Nacionalna%20pripadnost-Ethnicity.pdf |archivedate=2014-08-11 }}</ref><ref>http://pop-stat.mashke.org/serbia-ethnic-loc2022.htm</ref>

According to the 2021 census in [[Croatia]], the territory of Croatian part of Syrmia (the [[Vukovar-Srijem County|Vukovar-Srijem]] county), had a population of 143,113 inhabitants, composed of 81.6% of [[Croats]] and 13.5% of [[Serbs]].<ref>https://dzs.gov.hr/u-fokusu/popis-2021/88</ref>

===Towns===
List of towns in Syrmia with over 10,000 inhabitants:
* '''Serbia'''
** [[Sremska Mitrovica]]: 36,764
** [[Ruma]]: 27,747
** [[Inđija]]: 24,450
** [[Stara Pazova]]: 18,522
** [[Nova Pazova]]: 16,115
** [[Šid]]: 12,618
* '''Croatia'''
** [[Vinkovci]]: 28,111
** [[Vukovar]]: 22,616

==Geography==
{{See also|Geography of Serbia|Geography of Croatia}}
The majority of Syrmia is located in the [[Srem District]] in [[Serbia]]. A smaller area around Novi Sad is part of the [[South Bačka District]], and another smaller area around [[Novi Beograd]], [[Zemun]], and [[Surčin]] belongs to the [[City of Belgrade]]. The remaining part of Syrmia is part of the [[Vukovar-Syrmia County]] in Croatia.

Syrmia's only mountain is [[Fruška Gora]] with its highest peak, Crveni Čot, at 539 m.

===Borders===
[[File:M vojvodina02b.png|thumb|[[Srem District]] in Vojvodina]]
[[File:CroatiaVukovar-Srijem.png|thumb|[[Vukovar-Srijem county]] within Croatia]]
The present Serbia-Croatian border in Syrmia was drawn in 1945 by the so-called ''Đilas Commission''. It draw the administrative border line between the [[Yugoslavia|Yugoslav]] constituent republics of Croatia and Serbia. [[Milovan Đilas]], a [[Montenegrins|Montenegrin]] and then a confidant of [[Josip Broz Tito]], drew the border according to demographic criteria, which explains why the town of [[Ilok]] on the [[Danube]], with an ethnic Croat majority, lies east of [[Šid]] in Serbia, with an ethnic Serb majority. The border drawn in 1945 was very similar to the 1931-1939 border between the [[Danube Banovina]] and the [[Sava Banovina]] within the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]].

=== Bordering regions ===
* [[Bačka]] to the north 
* [[Banat]] to the east
* [[Šumadija]] the south-east 
* [[Mačva]] to the south 
* [[Semberija]] to the south-west 
* [[Slavonia]] to the west. The border between Syrmia and Slavonia is unclear. It runs approximately along a line through [[Vukovar]], [[Vinkovci]], and [[Županja]] or it follows the [[Bosut (river)|Bosut]], [[Barica]] and [[Vuka (river)|Vuka]] rivers.

===Cities and municipalities===
Cities and municipalities in Serbian Syrmia:
{{Columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* [[Šid]]
* [[Sremska Mitrovica]]
* [[Irig, Serbia|Irig]]
* [[Ruma]]
* [[Inđija]]
* [[Stara Pazova]]
* [[Pećinci]]
* [[Sremski Karlovci]]
* [[Petrovaradin]]
* [[Beočin]]
}}

The Syrmian villages of [[Neštin]] and [[Vizić]] are part of the municipality of [[Bačka Palanka]], the main part of which is in [[Bačka]]. Several settlements that are part of the City of Sremska Mitrovica are located in Syrmia in [[Mačva]].

Cities and municipalities in Croatian Syrmia:
{{Columns-list|colwidth=22em|
* [[Vukovar]]
* [[Ilok]]
* [[Vinkovci]]
* [[Županja]]
* [[Otok, Vukovar-Srijem County|Otok]]
* [[Trpinja]]
* [[Borovo, Croatia|Borovo]]
* [[Tordinci]]
* [[Markušica]]
* [[Jarmina]]
* [[Ivankovo, Croatia|Ivankovo]]
* [[Vođinci]]
* [[Stari Mikanovci]]
* [[Babina Greda]]
* [[Cerna, Croatia|Cerna]]
* [[Gradište, Croatia|Gradište]]
* [[Andrijaševci]]
* [[Privlaka, Vukovar-Syrmia County|Privlaka]]
* [[Bošnjaci]]
* [[Drenovci]]
* [[Gunja (Croatia)|Gunja]]
* [[Vrbanja, Croatia|Vrbanja]]
* [[Nijemci]]
* [[Tovarnik]]
* [[Lovas, Croatia|Lovas]]
* [[Tompojevci]]
* [[Stari Jankovci]]
* [[Negoslavci]]
* [[Bogdanovci]]
* [[Nuštar]]
}}

==See also==
* [[Syrmia District|Srem District]]
* [[Vukovar-Syrmia County]]
* [[Syrmia County]]
* [[Sanjak of Syrmia]]
* [[Realm of Stefan Dragutin]]
* [[Theme of Sirmium]]
* [[Sirmium]]
* [[Vojvodina]]
* [[Slavonia]]
* [[Eparchy of Srem|Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of Srem]]
* [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Srijem]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
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* {{Cite book|last=Engel|first=Pál|title=The Realm of St. Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895-1526|year=2001|location=London & New York|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=9781850439776|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vEJNBqanT_8C}}
* {{The Early Medieval Balkans}}
* {{The Late Medieval Balkans}}
* {{Cite book|last=Fine|first=John Van Antwerp Jr.|author-link=John Van Antwerp Fine Jr.|title=When Ethnicity Did Not Matter in the Balkans: A Study of Identity in Pre-Nationalist Croatia, Dalmatia, and Slavonia in the Medieval and Early-Modern Periods|year=2005|location=Ann Arbor, Michigan|publisher=University of Michigan Press|isbn=0472025600|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wEF5oN5erE0C}}
* {{Cite book|year=2011|editor-last1=Ingrao|editor-first1=Charles|editor-last2=Samardžić|editor-first2=Nikola|editor-last3=Pešalj|editor-first3=Jovan|title=The Peace of Passarowitz, 1718|location=West Lafayette|publisher=Purdue University Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T3Sg_1wR4poC}}
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*{{cite book|author=Mihailo Dinić|title=Sredjnevekovni Srem|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nkCuHAAACAAJ}}
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{{refend}}

==External links==
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{{Geographical regions of Serbia}}
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{{Historical regions in Serbia}}
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[[Category:Syrmia| ]]
[[Category:Geographical regions of Serbia]]
[[Category:Geography of Belgrade]]
[[Category:Geography of Vojvodina]]
[[Category:Regions of Croatia]]
[[Category:Historical regions in Serbia]]
[[Category:Historical regions in Croatia]]
[[Category:Slavonia]]