View source for Sukhoi Su-33

{{Short description|Soviet/Russian carrier-based fighter}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Good article}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2011}}
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{{Infobox aircraft
| name = Su-33
| image = Sukhoi Su-33 77 RED (30268117476).jpg
| caption = A [[Russian Navy]] Sukhoi Su-33
| alt = 
| type = [[Carrier-based aircraft|Carrier-based]] [[air superiority fighter]] with [[multirole combat aircraft|multirole]] capabilities
| national_origin = Soviet Union <br> Russia
| manufacturer = [[Sukhoi]], [[Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Production Association]]
| designer = 
| first_flight = {{Start date and age|1987|08|17|df=yes}}<ref name="Williams p. 129"/>
| introduction = 31 August 1998 (official)<ref name="William p. 130"/>
| retired = 
| status = In service
| primary_user = [[Russian Navy]]
| more_users = 
| produced = 1987–1999
| number_built = ~48 built total
| unit cost = 
| developed_from = [[Sukhoi Su-27]]
| variants = [[Shenyang J-15]]
| developed_into = 
}}

The '''Sukhoi Su-33''' ({{langx|ru|Сухой Су}}-33; [[NATO reporting name]]: '''Flanker-D''') is a Soviet/Russian all-weather [[Carrier-based aircraft|carrier-based]] [[twinjet|twin-engine]] [[air superiority fighter]] designed by [[Sukhoi]] and manufactured by [[Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Production Association]], derived from the [[Sukhoi Su-27|Su-27]] and initially known as the '''Su-27K'''. Compared with the Su-27, the Su-33 has a strengthened [[Landing gear|undercarriage]] and structure, folding wings and [[stabilator]]s, all for carrier operations. The Su-33 has [[Canard (aeronautics)|canards]], and its wings are larger than the Su-27 for a slower stall speed. The Su-33 has upgraded engines and a twin nose wheel, and is [[Aerial refueling|air refuelable]].

First used in operations in 1995 aboard the [[aircraft carrier]] {{ship|Russian aircraft carrier|Admiral Kuznetsov||2}},{{#tag:ref|Officially, ''Admiral Kuznetsov'' is referred to as a "heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser" due to her heavy surface-to-surface and surface-to-air armament, as well as a way around an international treaty prohibiting aircraft carriers from sailing through the straits of the [[Bosporus]] and the [[Dardanelles]].<ref>Gordon 1999, pp.&nbsp;70–71.</ref>|group="N"}} the fighter officially entered service in August 1998, by which time the designation "Su-33" was used. Following the [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|break-up of the Soviet Union]] and the subsequent downsizing of the [[Russian Navy]], only 24 aircraft were produced.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ODIN - OE Data Integration Network |url=https://odin.tradoc.army.mil/WEG/Asset/Su-33_(Flanker-D)_Russian_Carrier-Based_Air_Superiority_Fighter#:~:text=First%20used%20in%20operations%20in,only%2024%20aircraft%20were%20produced. |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=odin.tradoc.army.mil |language=en}}</ref> Attempted sales to [[China]] and India fell through. With plans to retire the Su-33 once they reach the end of their service life, the Russian Navy ordered the [[Mikoyan MiG-29K|MiG-29K]] as a replacement in 2009.

== Development ==

=== Background and origins ===
During the 1970s, the [[Yakovlev Yak-38]], then the [[Soviet Navy]]'s only operational carrier-based fixed-wing combat aircraft, was found to be unable to undertake its role due to limited range and payload, which severely hampered the capability of the Soviet Navy's [[Kiev-class aircraft carrier|Project 1143]] carriers. It was decided to develop a bigger and more potent carrier capable of operating STOL aircraft. During the assessment period, a number of aircraft carriers were studied; the Project 1160 carrier would have been able to operate the [[MiG-23]]s and [[Sukhoi Su-24|Su-24]]s, but was abandoned due to budget constraints. Design efforts were then concentrated on the [[Project 1153 OREL|Project 1153]] carrier, which would have accommodated the [[Su-25]]s and the proposed MiG-23Ks and Su-27Ks. Sufficient funding was not secured, and the Navy looked at the possibility of a fifth, and larger, Project 1143 carrier, modified to allow for [[Yakovlev Yak-141|Yak-141]], [[Mikoyan MiG-29K|MiG-29K]] and Su-27K operations.<ref name="Williams p. 126">Williams 2002, p.&nbsp;126.</ref><ref name="Su-33 history">{{cite web|title=Sukhoi Su-33: Historical background|publisher=Sukhoi|url=http://www.sukhoi.org/eng/planes/military/su33/history/|access-date=2 July 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513212625/http://www.sukhoi.org/eng/planes/military/su33/history/|archive-date=13 May 2011}}</ref>
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To prepare for the operations of the Su-27K and the rival MiG-29K on board the new carrier, work proceeded on the development of the [[steam catapult]], [[arresting gear]], optical and radio landing systems. The pilots were trained at a new establishment in [[Crimea]], named NITKA, for Aviation Research and Training Complex.<ref name="Williams p. 126"/><ref name="Su-33 history"/><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Flanker poised for navy go-ahead|journal=Flight International|location=London|publisher=Reed Business Information|issue=4429|volume=146|page=16|date=13–19 July 1994|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1994/1994%20-%201642.html|access-date=5 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005120837/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1994/1994%20-%201642.html|archive-date=5 October 2013|issn=0015-3710|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1981, the Soviet government ordered the abandonment of the catapult system as part of an overall downsize of [[Kuznetsov-class aircraft carrier|Project 1143.5]] carriers, which also included cancelling the fifth Project 1143 carrier and [[Chinese aircraft carrier Liaoning|''Varyag'']]. A takeoff ramp was installed at the complex, where takeoffs would be executed to ensure that the Su-27Ks and MiG-29Ks would be able to operate from carriers.<ref name="Eden, p. 462">Eden 2004, p.&nbsp;462.</ref> Both Sukhoi and Mikoyan modified their prototypes to validate the takeoff ramp. Three Sukhoi T10s (−3, −24 and −25), along with an Su-27UB, were used for takeoffs from the simulated ramp. The first of these tests were undertaken by Nikolai Sadovnikov on 28 August 1982. Flight tests indicated the need for a change in ramp design, and it was modified to a [[Ski-jump (aviation)|ski-jump]] profile.<ref name="Eden, p. 462"/>

Conceptual designs of the Su-27K commenced in 1978.<ref name="Williams p. 126"/> On 18 April 1984, the Soviet government instructed Sukhoi to develop an air defence fighter; Mikoyan was ordered to build a lighter multirole fighter.<ref name="Williams p. 127">Williams 2002, p.&nbsp;127.</ref> Full-scale design of the Su-27K soon started as the "T-10K" under the guidance of Konstantin Marbyshev. Nikolai Sadovnikov was appointed the [[OKB|design bureau]]'s Chief Test Pilot for the programme. By November 1984, conceptual design had passed its critical design review, with the detailed design finalised in 1986. The two prototypes were constructed in conjunction with KnAAPO in 1986–1987.<ref name="Su-33 history"/>

=== Testing ===
[[File:Sukhoi Su-33 on Admiral Kuznetsov-2.jpg|thumb|A Su-33 preparing to take off from [[Russian aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov|''Admiral Kuznetsov'']] in the [[Barents Sea]], during a visit by Russian president [[Dmitry Medvedev]]|alt=Rear port view of aqua-and-white jet aircraft lining up on aircraft carrier's deck, preparing for takeoff. The jet blast deflector is erected behind the aircraft. Three men in bright orange fluorescent tops stand underneath the jet's right wing ]]

[[File:Sukhoi Su-33 on Admiral Kuznetsov-1.jpg|thumb|A Su-33 landing aboard the ''Admiral Kuznetsov'' aircraft carrier]]

The first [[Su-27]]K prototype, piloted by [[Viktor Pugachyov]], made its [[maiden flight]] on 17 August 1987 at the NITKA facility; the second followed on 22 December.<ref name="Su-33 history"/> Flight tests continued at NITKA, where Su-27Ks and MiG-29Ks demonstrated and validated the feasibility of ski-jump operations. The pilots also practised no-flare landings before making an actual landing on a carrier deck. It was another two years before ''Tbilisi'', subsequently renamed ''Admiral Kuznetsov'', left the shipyard.<ref name="Williams p. 129">Williams 2002, p.&nbsp;129.</ref><ref name="Su-33 history"/>

Viktor Pugachyov, piloting the second Su-27K, became the first Russian to conventionally land aboard an aircraft carrier on 1 November 1989.<ref name="Williams p. 129"/><ref>Gordon 1999, p.&nbsp;80.</ref> It was found that the carrier's [[jet blast deflector]]s were too close to the engine nozzles when raised at an angle of 60°; thus an improvised solution held the deflectors at 45°. However, when the aircraft was in front of it for longer than the maximum six seconds, the shield's water pipes exploded. The pilot, Pugachyov, reduced engine throttle, accidentally causing the detents (blocks used to restrain aircraft from accelerating) to retract and the fighter to move forwards. The aircraft was quickly stopped; Pugachyov later took off without the use of blast deflectors or detents. Since then, a [[Kamov Ka-27|Kamov Ka-27PS]] [[search-and-rescue]] helicopter was flown close to the carrier in case of an accident.<ref name="gordon">Gordon 1999, p.&nbsp;66.</ref>

During the following three-week period, 227 sorties were amassed, along with 35 deck landings.<ref name="Williams p. 129"/> Flight testing continued afterwards, and on 26 September 1991, naval pilots began testing the Su-27K; by 1994, it had successfully passed the State Acceptance Trials.<ref name="Eden, p. 462"/> During 1990–1991, seven production aircraft were rolled out.<ref name="Williams p. 129"/>

=== Further developments ===
The first of two known versions of the Su-33, the twin-seat Su-33UB, made its first flight in April 1999. The aircraft, piloted by Viktor Pugachyov and Sergey Melnikov, flew for 40 minutes near [[Ramenskoye Airport]]. The Su-33UB (Initially named as Su-27KUB, ''"Korabelny Uchebno-Boevoy''", or "carrier combat trainer") was planned to be a trainer, but with the potential to fill other roles.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Velovich|first=Alexander|title=Twin-seat naval Flanker flies|journal=Flight International|location=London|publisher=Reed Business Information|date=2–8 June 1999|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1999/1999%20-%201541.html|issue=4679|volume=155|page=17|access-date=2 October 2013|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131002040158/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1999/1999%20-%201541.html|archive-date=2 October 2013|issn=0015-3710|url-status=dead}}</ref> Notable improvements over the Su-33 included a revised forward fuselage and leading edge slats, bigger wings and [[stabilator]]s.<ref name="Williams p. 131">Williams 2002, p.&nbsp;131.</ref>

=== Modernization ===
[[File:Cockpit of Sukhoi Su-33 (2).jpg|left|thumb|Cockpit of Sukhoi Su-33.]]
In 2010, Sukhoi developed an upgraded version of the Su-33; flight trials began in October 2010.<ref>{{cite web|last=van Leeuwen|first=Marcel|url=http://www.aviationnews.eu/2010/10/07/sukhoi-begins-flight-trials-of-modernized-su-33-fighters/|access-date=2 July 2011|title=Sukhoi begins flight trials of modernized Su-33 fighters|work=Aviationnews.eu|date=7 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705035003/http://www.aviationnews.eu/2010/10/07/sukhoi-begins-flight-trials-of-modernized-su-33-fighters/|archive-date=5 July 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> This modernized Su-33 was to compete with a potential Chinese indigenous version of the original Su-33, the [[Shenyang J-15]], and to encourage orders from the Russian Navy.<ref>Fisher 2008, pp.&nbsp;190–191.</ref> Major upgrades to the aircraft included more powerful (132&nbsp;kN, 29,800&nbsp;lbf) AL-31-F-M1 engines and a larger weapons carriage; upgrades to the radar and weapons were not possible at the time due to funding constraints.<ref name = 'fish 191'>Fisher 2008, p.&nbsp;191.</ref> According to military author Richard Fisher, it has been speculated that further modifications to a new production batch would include a phased-array radar, thrust 
vectoring nozzles, and long-range anti-ship missiles.<ref name = 'fish 191'/>

In September 2016, it was announced the Su-33 will be outfitted with new sighting and computing system [[SVP-24]] from the Russian company Gefest & T, that will allow the aircraft to use unguided bombs with a similar precision as guided ones, giving it an ability of a [[strike fighter]].{{citation needed|date=November 2020}} The [[SVP-24]] takes into account data such as current plane's location together with flight parameters, target data and environmental parameters and determines the optimal trajectory for unguided ammunition.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deagel.com/Sensor-Systems/SVP-24_a003342001.aspx|title=SVP-24|website=deagel.com|access-date=7 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://iz.ru/news/630104|title=ВМФ России ударит по террористам в Сирии с особой точностью|website=iz.ru|date=2 September 2016|access-date=7 April 2019}}</ref> It is believed, the installation of modern targeting systems will increase the capability of the Su-33 fighters close to [[Sukhoi Su-30#Variants|Su-30SM]] level.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/2017/july-2017-navy-naval-forces-defense-industry-technology-maritime-security-global-news/5401-russia-s-naval-aviation-to-upgrade-all-su-33-fighters-to-su-30sm-level.html|title=Russia's Naval Aviation to Upgrade All Su-33 Fighters to Su-30SM Level|website=navyrecognition.com|date=18 July 2017|access-date=7 April 2019}}</ref>

The second stage of the modernization is to include installation of more powerful engines and detection systems, according to Naval Aviation Chief Major-General Igor Kozhin.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://flot.com/2019/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F20/|title=Палубные истребители Су-33 получат более мощные двигатели|website=flot.com|date=11 March 2019|access-date=7 April 2019}}</ref>

== Design ==
[[File:MAKS-2007-Su-33-1.jpg|thumb|Rear/starboard view of Su-33 with its arrestor hook visible under the shortened tail "stinger"|alt=Angled rear view of fighter aircraft, with the engines showing prominently. Above the engines are the two uncanted vertical stabilizers; the wings and horizontal stabilizers are folded]]

To adapt the original Su-27 for naval operations, Sukhoi first incorporated a reinforced structure and undercarriage to withstand the great stress experienced upon landing, particularly quick descents and non-flare landings (landings where the aircraft does not 'float' and slow its descent rate just prior to touchdown).<ref name="Williams p. 128"/> The [[leading edge slat]]s, [[flaperon]]s and other control surfaces are enlarged to provide increased lift and manoeuvrability at low speeds, although the wingspan remains unchanged.<ref name="Aus Avia"/> The wings feature double-slotted flaps and outboard drooping [[aileron]]s; in total, the refinements enlarge the wing area by 10–12%.<ref name="Williams p. 128">Williams 2002, p.&nbsp;128.</ref> The wings and stabilators are modified for folding to maximise the number of aircraft the carrier can accommodate and to allow ease of movement on deck.<ref name="Williams p. 128"/> The aircraft is outfitted with more powerful [[Turbofan|turbofan engines]] to increase [[thrust-to-weight ratio]], as well as an [[Aerial refueling|in-flight refuelling]] probe.<ref name="Williams p. 128"/> The Su-33 sports [[canard (aeronautics)|canard]]s that shorten the take-off distance and improve manoeuvrability, but have required reshaping of the [[Leading edge extension#Leading edge root extensions|leading edge root extensions]] (LERX).<ref name="Aus Avia">{{cite web|last= Kopp|first=Carlo|title=Sukhoi Fullback|url=http://www.ausairpower.net/TE-Fullback-P.pdf|work=Australian Aviation|date=November 2004|pages=2–7|location=Fyshwick, Australian Capital Territory|publisher=Phantom Media|access-date=3 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505065610/http://ausairpower.net/TE-Fullback-P.pdf|archive-date=5 May 2012|issn=0813-0876}}</ref> The rear radome is shortened and reshaped to prevent its striking the deck during high-Alpha ([[angle of attack]]) landings.<ref name="Eden p. 463">Eden 2004, p.&nbsp;463.</ref>

Compared with the rival MiG-29K, the Su-33's [[maximum takeoff weight]] (MTOW) is 50% higher; fuel capacity is more than double, allowing it to fly 80% further at altitude (or 33% at sea level). The MiG-29K can spend as much time as the Su-33 on station by using external fuel tanks, but this limits its ordnance capacity.<ref>Williams 2002, pp.&nbsp;126, 128.</ref> The Su-33 can fly at speeds as low as {{convert|240|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}, in comparison the MiG-29K needs to maintain a minimum of {{convert|250|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} for effective control.<ref name="Williams p. 128"/> However, the MiG-29K carries more air-to-ground munitions than the Su-33.<ref name="Williams p. 128"/> The Su-33 is more expensive and physically larger than the MiG-29K, limiting the numbers able to be deployed on an aircraft carrier.<ref name="Williams p. 126"/>{{#tag:ref|Aviation authors Bill Gunston and Yefim Gordon characterised the rejection of the MiG-29K for the Su-33 as "astonishing", noting that the Su-33 was more expensive and incapable of launching missiles against surface targets.<ref>Gunston & Gordon 1998, p.&nbsp;254.</ref> However, some analysts stated the view that the MiG-29K was only a fall-back option if the Su-33 had proven to be too heavy for carrier operations; and that the Soviet Navy was only interested in fleet air defence, not strike or attack capabilities.<ref name = 'bang 281'>Bangash 2008, p.&nbsp;281.</ref>|group=N}}

The Su-33 carries guided missiles such as the [[R-73 (missile)|R-73]] (four) and [[R-27 (air-to-air missile)|R-27E]] (six) on twelve hardpoints, supplemented by the 150-round 30&nbsp;mm [[Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-30-1|GSh-30-1]].<ref name="Williams p. 128"/><ref name="Su-33 arms">{{cite web|title=Sukhoi Su-33: Armaments|publisher=Sukhoi|url=http://www.sukhoi.org/eng/planes/military/su33/arms/|access-date=4 July 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613004238/http://www.sukhoi.org/eng/planes/military/su33/arms/|archive-date=13 June 2011}}</ref> It can carry an assortment of unguided rockets, bombs and [[cluster bomb]]s for secondary air-to-ground missions.<ref name="Williams p. 128"/><ref name="Su-33 arms"/> The aircraft can be used in both night and day operations at sea. The radar used, "Slot Back", has been speculated to have poor multi-target tracking, making the Su-33 reliant on other radar platforms and [[airborne warning and control system]] (AWACS) aircraft like the [[Kamov Ka-31]] early-warning helicopter.<ref name="Eden p. 463"/> The R-27EM missiles have the capability to intercept [[anti-ship missile]]s. The [[infra-red search and track]] (IRST) system is placed to provide better downward visibility.<ref name="Aus Avia"/>

== Operational history ==

=== Soviet Union and Russia ===
[[File:Su27K (Su33) DD-SD-99-06153.jpg|thumb|A Su-33 onboard ''Admiral Kuznetsov'' in 1996. U.S. Navy sailors from {{USS|San Jacinto|CG-56|6}} are visiting the carrier.<ref>{{Cite news|title=U.S. poised to rescue Russian sailors|work=Washington Times|date=11 January 1996|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=WT&p_theme=wt&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB0F1B4C03BCBB3&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|access-date=3 July 2011}}</ref>|alt=Aqua and blue jet aircraft on aircraft carrier deck, with a group of men standing close by. Behind the jet is the ship's island]]

With the break-up of the Soviet Union, the Russian Navy was dramatically downsized, with many shipbuilding programmes stopped. If the [[Chinese aircraft carrier Liaoning|''Varyag'']], [[Project 1153 Orel|''Oryol'']] and {{ship|Soviet aircraft carrier|Ulyanovsk||2}} had been commissioned, a total of 72 production airframes would have been built; the early-airborne warning and MiG-29K would also have proceeded, instead of being abandoned.<ref name="Eden, p. 462"/> Only 24 examples were built at the time ''Varyag'' was sold to China.<ref name="Williams p. 129"/>

The Su-27K was introduced in the mid-1990s and from December 1995 to March 1996, ''Admiral Kuznetsov'' set sail in the [[Mediterranean Sea]], carrying two [[Sukhoi Su-25|Su-25UTGs]], nine [[Kamov Ka-27|Ka-27s]], and 13 Su-27Ks.<ref name="William p. 130">Williams 2002, p.&nbsp;130.</ref><ref name="Su-33 history"/><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Russian carrier deploys to Adriatic|journal=Flight International|location=London|publisher=Reed Business Information|date=22–28 November 1995|issue=4499|volume=148|page=24|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1995/1995%20-%203361.html|access-date=3 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005120948/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1995/1995%20-%203361.html|archive-date=5 October 2013|issn=0015-3710|url-status=dead}}</ref> The aircraft officially entered service on 31 August 1998 under new designation "Su-33". The 279th independent Shipborne Assault Aviation Regiment based at [[Severomorsk-3 (air base)|Severomorsk-3]] air base became the first unit operating the variant.<ref name="William p. 130"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ww2.dk/new/navy/279okshap.htm|title=279th independent Shipborne Assault Aviation Regiment|website=ww2.dk|access-date=12 January 2020}}</ref>

In 2009, it was announced the Russian Navy will procure 24 MiG-29Ks to replace its fleet of about 19 Su-33s in service, with deliveries to be completed by 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.barentsobserver.com/new-fighter-jets-for-admiral-kuznetsov.4636606-58932.html|title=New fighter jets for Admiral Kuznetsov|website=barentsobserver.com|date=25 September 2009|access-date=2 July 2011|archive-url=https://archive.today/20110707213433/http://www.barentsobserver.com/new-fighter-jets-for-admiral-kuznetsov.4636606-58932.html|archive-date=7 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> However, in 2015, Chief of the Naval Aviation General Major Igor Kozhin, announced that a second fighter regiment would be formed to augment the current force, with the MiG-29Ks to be used by the new unit. The existing 19 Su-33s were to be refurbished for further use.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/year-2015-news/august-2015-navy-naval-forces-defense-industry-technology-maritime-security-global-news/3042-russian-navy-to-form-second-aircraft-carrier-aviation-regiment-with-mig-29kkub.html |title=Russian Navy to Form Second Aircraft Carrier Aviation Regiment with MiG-29K/KUB |date=26 August 2015 |website=navyrecognition.com |access-date=17 November 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://eng.mil.ru/en/news_page/country/more.htm?id=12007494@egNews |title=In 2015 naval aviation to receive more than 20 MiG-29K aircraft |publisher=Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation |access-date=17 November 2015 }}</ref> In September 2016, at least six Su-33s were upgraded with the SVP-24 targeting system as the aircraft were preparing for their combat deployment to Syria.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://combataircraft.keypublishing.com/2016/09/30/sea-flankers-prepare-for-syria/|title='Sea Flankers' prepare for Syria|website=combataircraft.keypublishing.com|date=30 September 2016|access-date=12 January 2020}}</ref>

In 2017, the [[United Engine Corporation]] announced it has resumed the production of upgraded AL-31F series 3 engines for all remaining 18 Su-33 fighters. The first batch of engines was delivered to the customer the same year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tass.com/defense/953685|title=Russia restarts production of engines for shipborne fighter jets|website=[[TASS]]|date=28 June 2017|access-date=7 April 2019}}</ref>

====2015 Russian military intervention in Syria====
{{main|Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War}}

[[File:Возвращение палубной авиации с ТАВКР «Адмирал Кузнецов» на аэродром базирования.webm|thumb|Pilots of the Russian Naval Aviation returning to the Severomorsk-3 air base after the Syrian operations]]

On 15 November 2016, in the course of Russia's large-scale military operations against terrorist groups in Syria, Su-33s operated from the ''Admiral Kuznetsov'' aircraft carrier in the type's first combat employment, striking [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|ISIL]] and [[Al-Nusra Front|Al-Nusra]] terrorist facilities in Syria's [[Idlib]] and [[Homs]] provinces with 500&nbsp;kg precision ammunition.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}} The main targets were ammunition warehouses, gathering and training centers and weapon production plants. According to the [[Ministry of Defence (Russia)|Russian Defence Ministry]], at least 30 militants including three field commanders were killed due to the strikes.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}

On 5 December 2016, a Su-33 crashed into the Mediterranean Sea after the [[Arresting gear|arrestor cable]] broke up during the aircraft's second landing attempt on board the aircraft carrier. The pilot managed to eject and survived without injuries.<ref name=Dec2016crash>{{Cite web|url=https://theaviationist.com/2016/12/05/russian-su-33-crashed-in-the-mediterranean-while-attempting-to-land-on-kuznetsov-aircraft-carrier/|title=Russian Su-33 crashed in the Mediterranean while attempting to land on Kuznetsov aircraft carrier|date=5 December 2016|work=The Aviationist|access-date=5 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Jennings|first=Gareth|url=http://www.janes.com/article/65997/admiral-kuznetsov-loses-second-aircraft-as-su-33-crashes-into-sea|title=Admiral Kuznetsov loses second aircraft as Su-33 crashes into sea|work=Jane's Defence Weekly|publisher=[[Jane's Information Group]] |access-date=7 December 2016}}</ref>

=== Failed bids ===
Internationally, the [[People’s Republic of China]] was identified as a possible export customer. Russia's state weapons exporter, [[Rosoboronexport]], was previously negotiating an order of 50 aircraft totalling US$2.5 billion.<ref name="Komm">{{cite web | work = [[Kommersant]] | date = 23 October 2006 | url = http://www.kommersant.com/p715509/r_528/China_jet_fighters_export/ | title = Russia to Deliver Su-33 Fighters to China | access-date = 2 July 2011 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110606100131/http://www.kommersant.com/p715509/r_528/China_jet_fighters_export/ | archive-date = 6 June 2011 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> China would have initially acquired two aircraft worth $100&nbsp;million for testing and then have further options to acquire an additional 12–48 aircraft. The fighters were intended to be used with the fledgling [[Future Chinese aircraft carrier|Chinese aircraft carrier]] programme, with the former Soviet carrier ''Varyag'' as the centrepiece.<ref>{{Cite news|title=China to Buy Su-33 Carrier-Based Fighters from Russia?|work=Defense Industry Daily|date=25 November 2012|url=http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/china-to-buy-su33-carrierbased-fighters-from-russia-02806/|access-date=9 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Marcus|first=Jonathan|title=China extending military reach|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-13761711|date=14 June 2011|access-date=4 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130821153940/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-13761711|archive-date=21 August 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

At the sixth [[China International Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition|Zhuhai Airshow]] in late 2006, Lieutenant General Aleksander Denisov publicly confirmed at a news conference that China had approached Russia for the possible purchase of Su-33s, and negotiations were to start in 2007. On 1 November 2006, the [[Xinhua News Agency]] published the information on its military website that China planned to introduce the Su-33.<ref name="China Su-33">{{Cite news|first=Andrei |last=Chang|url=http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Security-Industry/2009/03/25/China-cant-buy-Sukhoi-fighter-jets/UPI-70711238010376/|title=China can't buy Sukhoi fighter jets|work=United Press International|date=25 March 2009| access-date=2 July 2011}}</ref> China had previously obtained a manufacturing license for Su-27 production.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}}

Sukhoi is working on a more advanced version, the Su-33K, a development to integrate the advanced technologies of the [[Sukhoi Su-35|Su-35]] fighters into the older Su-33 airframe.<ref name="China Su-33"/> However, worries over other Chinese intentions emerged when it was reported that China had acquired one of the T-10Ks, a Su-33 prototype, from Ukraine, potentially to study and reverse engineer a domestic version.<ref name ='fish 190'>Fisher 2008, p.&nbsp;190.</ref> Various aircraft are alleged to have originated partially from the Su-33, such as the [[Shenyang J-15]].<ref>{{Cite news|first=Siva|last=Govindasamy|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/farnborough-russia-shrugs-off-chinese-su-33-copy-344893/|title=FARNBOROUGH: Russia shrugs off Chinese Su-33 copy|work=Flight Daily News|date=22 July 2010|access-date=9 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005120857/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/farnborough-russia-shrugs-off-chinese-su-33-copy-344893/|archive-date=5 October 2013|quote=Instead, industry sources believe that it bought a Su-33 prototype from Ukraine and started using that as a prototype for its development, which has been tagged the Shenyang J-15.|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal| author1=David A., Fulghum|author2=Sweetman, Bill|author3=Perrett, Bradley|title=Heavy Contender|journal=Aviation Week & Space Technology|location=New York|publisher=McGraw-Hill|date=9 May 2011|pages=35–37|volume=173|issue=16|quote=The J-15 is based on the J-11B, Shenyang's unlicensed and indigenously adapted version of the Sukhoi Su-27 Flanker, and resembles its Russian equivalent, the ship-based Su-33...}}</ref> Photos of Shenyang aircraft designers posing in front of a T-10K carrier based fighter prototype strongly suggest that the J-15 is directly related to T-10K.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://airforceworld.com/pla/J-15-naval-carrier-based-fighter-su-33-china.htm|title=J-15 fighter based on T-10K prototype|date=27 September 2011|access-date=4 July 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110729035550/http://airforceworld.com/pla/J-15-naval-carrier-based-fighter-su-33-china.htm|archive-date=29 July 2011}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=April 2013}} Negotiations stagnated as the Shenyang Aircraft company sought to reduce Russian content in the aircraft, while Sukhoi wanted to ensure a level of income from future upgrades and modifications made to the [[Shenyang J-11|J-11]].<ref name ='fish 190'/>

India was also viewed as another potential operator of the Su-33. The [[Indian Navy]] planned to acquire the Su-33 for its aircraft carrier, {{INS|Vikramaditya}}, the refurbished Soviet {{ship|Soviet aircraft carrier|Admiral Gorshkov||2}}, which was sold to India in 2004.<ref>{{Cite news|title=India owns Admiral Gorshkov: Navy chief|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-12-03/india/27955787_1_admiral-gorshkov-aircraft-carrier-navy-day|date=3 December 2007|access-date=3 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004213629/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-12-03/india/27955787_1_admiral-gorshkov-aircraft-carrier-navy-day|archive-date=4 October 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the end, the rival MiG-29K was opted for, because of the Su-33's outdated avionics.<ref name="Williams p. 131"/><ref>{{Cite journal|first=Alexander|last=Velovich|title=India near to Russian AEW lease|journal=Flight International|location=London|publisher=Reed Business Information|date=13–19 October 1999|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1999/1999%20-%203004.html|issue=4698|volume=156|page=5|access-date=2 October 2013|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131002041454/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1999/1999%20-%203004.html|archive-date=2 October 2013|issn=0015-3710|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Indian Navy to induct 4 'lethal' MiG-29K into its fleet|work=Economic Times|date=19 February 2010|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-02-19/news/28400698_1_mig-29k-ins-hansa-ins-vikramaditya|access-date=3 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004213544/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-02-19/news/28400698_1_mig-29k-ins-hansa-ins-vikramaditya|archive-date=4 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> The size of the Su-33 reportedly led to concerns over potential difficulties in operating it off the Indian carriers, a constraint not shared by the smaller MiG-29K.<ref>Conley 2001, p.&nbsp;69.</ref><ref>{{Cite news|first=Ajit K.|last=Dubey|title=MiG-29K Fighter Planes Inducted into Navy|work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|date=19 February 2010|url=http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=674851|access-date=9 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004215946/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=674851|archive-date=4 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Variants ==
;Su-27K: Carrier-based version of the [[Sukhoi Su-27|Su-27]] designed for [[Kuznetsov-class aircraft carrier|Project 1143.5]] and [[Project 1160 Orel|Project 1160]] aircraft carriers (heavy aircraft cruisers in Soviet classification).
;Su-27KI: Project of a carrier-based version of the Su-27 designed for Project 1143.5 and [[Project 1153 Orel|Project 1153]] aircraft carriers (heavy aircraft cruisers in Soviet classification).
;Su-27KPP: Project of a two-seat carrier-based [[electronic-warfare aircraft]].
;Su-27KRS: Project of a two-seat carrier-based [[Reconnaissance aircraft|reconnaissance]] and target designation aircraft.
;Su-27KT/Su-27KTZ: Project of a carrier-based tanker aircraft.
;Su-27KU: Project of a two-seat carrier-based trainer.
;Su-27KSH: Project of a carrier-based attack aircraft.
;Su-28K: Project of a two-seat carrier-based attack aircraft.
;Su-28KRS: Project of a carrier-based reconnaissance and target designation aircraft based on the Su-28K.
;Su-29K: Project of a carrier-based interceptor aircraft with a possibility to carry the long-range [[R-33 (missile)|R-33]] air-to-air missiles.
;Su-33: Designation for the Su-27K after its introduction into service with the Russian Naval Aviation on 31 August 1998.
;Su-27KUB/Su-33UB/Su-33D: Two-seat training-and-combat version based on the Su-27K and Su-27KU with [[Tandem#Side-by-side seating|side-by-side seating]] for crew of two. One prototype built.

== Operators ==
;{{RUS}}
* [[Russian Navy]]  – 40+ Su-33 in service as of 2022<ref name="IISS212">{{cite journal |author=International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) |author-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies |date=2022 |title=The Military Balance 2022 |journal=The Military Balance |language=en |volume=}}</ref>
**[[Russian Naval Aviation]]
*** 279th Shipborne Assault Aviation Regiment – [[Severomorsk-3 (air base)]], [[Murmansk Oblast]]

==Notable accidents==
* 17 July 2001: a Russian Navy Su-33 crashed during an air show in Russia's Pskov Region. The pilot, Major-General [[Timur Apakidze]], died in the crash.<ref>{{Cite news|title=News in Brief|work=The Moscow Times|date=18 July 2001|url=http://staff.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/news-in-brief/252539.html|access-date=26 July 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120530092638/http://staff.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/news-in-brief/252539.html|archive-date=30 May 2012}}</ref>
* 5 September 2005: a Russian Navy Su-33's arresting cable broke after a landing on ''Admiral Kuznetsov'' in the Northern Atlantic at high speed. The pilot ejected and was recovered. The plane was initially planned to be destroyed with depth charges to prevent the recovery of classified equipment.<ref>{{Cite news|title=World's best naval flanker Su-33 crashed in Northern Atlantic|work=Pravda|date=6 September 2005|url=http://english.pravda.ru/hotspots/disasters/06-09-2005/8878-sucrash-0/|access-date=26 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007234613/http://english.pravda.ru/hotspots/disasters/06-09-2005/8878-sucrash-0/|archive-date=7 October 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> However, this did not take place as the aircraft did not carry sensitive equipment.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://lenta.ru/news/2005/09/07/selfdestruction/|title=Затонувший Су-33 бомбить не будут - он разрушится сам|date=7 September 2005|newspaper=[[Lenta.ru]]|access-date=11 April 2013}}</ref> The crash was captured on video.
* 3 December 2016: A Su-33 based on ''Admiral Kuznetsov'' crashed while making a second landing attempt after a combat sortie over Syria. The pilot survived without injuries and was immediately recovered by search and rescue teams.<ref name=Dec2016crash/> According to the Russian Ministry of Defence, the plane was lost after an arresting cable ruptured.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/russian/news-38205593/|title=Минобороны: Су-33 разбился при посадке на "Адмирала Кузнецова"|date=5 December 2016|work=[[BBC Russian Service]]|access-date=5 December 2016}}</ref> Afterwards, the Russian Navy transferred the carrier's remaining aircraft to an air base in Syria to continue operations while the carrier's issue was resolved.<ref name=DW20161206>{{cite web|url=http://www.defenseworld.net/news/17876/Russian_Combat_Jets_To_Operate_From_Syria_Airbase_Following_Carrier_Landing_Malfunction#.WEdGaFKsBZE|title=Russian Combat Jets To Operate From Syria Airbase Following Carrier Landing Malfunction|publisher=Defense World.net|date=6 December 2016|access-date=6 December 2016|archive-date=7 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161207042051/http://www.defenseworld.net/news/17876/Russian_Combat_Jets_To_Operate_From_Syria_Airbase_Following_Carrier_Landing_Malfunction#.WEdGaFKsBZE|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Aircraft on display==
* Su-33 "70 red" on display at [[Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Plant]] in [[Komsomolsk-on-Amur]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.knaapo.ru/press-centre/11_07_2013_torzhestvennoe_otkrytie_pamyatnika_su_33/|title=Торжественное открытие памятника Су-33|publisher=[[Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Plant]]|date=11 July 2013|access-date=12 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kmscity.ru/news/2013/07/17/knaaz/|title=Вячеслав Шпорт принял участие в открытии памятника Су-33 на территории Комсомольского авиазавода|website=kmscity.ru|date=17 July 2013|access-date=12 January 2020}}</ref>
* Su-33 on display at [[Sukhoi|Sukhoi Design Bureau]] in [[Moscow]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sukhoi.org/press/news/otkrytie-monumenta-istrebitelya-su-33.html|title=Открытие монумента истребителя Су-33|website=[[Sukhoi]]|date=19 September 2019|access-date=12 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://tass.ru/moskva/6908308|title=В Москве установили монумент палубному истребителю Су-33|website=[[TASS]]|date=20 September 2019|access-date=12 January 2020}}</ref>

==Specifications==
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=''KnAAPO,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.knaapo.ru/eng/products/military/su33.wbp| title=Sukhoi Su-33| publisher=KnAAPO|access-date=2 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716144852/http://www.knaapo.ru/eng/products/military/su33.wbp|archive-date=16 July 2011}}</ref> Sukhoi,<ref name="Su-33 arms"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sukhoi.org/eng/planes/military/su33/lth/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070123183156/http://www.sukhoi.org/eng/planes/military/su33/lth/|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 January 2007|title=Su-33 Aircraft performance|publisher=Sukhoi|access-date=2 July 2011}}</ref> airforce-technology.com,<ref>{{cite web|title=Su-33 Fighter Aircraft, Russia: Key Facts|publisher=Airforce-technology.com|url=http://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/sukhoisu-33/specs.html|access-date=10 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728174916/http://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/sukhoisu-33/specs.html|archive-date=28 July 2011}}</ref> Gordon and Davison,<ref name="Gordon_p92">Gordon & Davison 2006, pp.&nbsp;92, 95–96.</ref> Williams,<ref>Williams 2002, p.&nbsp;138.</ref>''
|prime units?=met
<!--
        General characteristics
-->
|crew=1
|length m=21.19
|length note=
|span m=14.7
|span note=
|height m=5.93
|height note=
|wing area sqm=67.84
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|airfoil=<!--'''root:''' [[NACA airfoil|NACA ]]; '''tip:''' [[NACA airfoil|NACA ]]<ref name="Selig">{{cite web |last1=Lednicer |first1=David |title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |website=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref>-->
|empty weight kg=18400
|empty weight note=
|gross weight kg=29940
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight kg=33000
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity={{cvt|9500|kg|lb}} internal<ref>{{cite web |title=Su-33 |url=https://www.uacrussia.ru/en/aircraft/lineup/military/su-33/#aircraft-specific |website=United Aircraft Corporation}}</ref>
|more general=
<!--
        Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=2
|eng1 name=[[Saturn AL-31|Saturn AL-31F3]]
|eng1 type=[[afterburning turbofan]] engines
|eng1 kn=74.5
|eng1 note=
|eng1 kn-ab=125.5
<!--
        Performance
-->
|max speed kmh=2300
|max speed mph=1430
|max speed note=at {{cvt|10000|m}}
|max speed mach=2.17
|cruise speed kmh=
|cruise speed note=
|stall speed kmh=240
|stall speed note=
|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed note=
|minimum control speed kmh=
|minimum control speed note=
|range km=3000
|range note=
|combat range km=
|combat range note=
|ferry range km=
|ferry range note=
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling m=17000
|ceiling note=
|g limits=<big>+</big>8<ref name="Gordon_p92"/> 
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
|climb rate ms=246
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=
|wing loading kg/m2=483
|wing loading note=
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|thrust/weight=0.83

|more performance=

*'''Landing speed:''' {{cvt|240|km/h|mph kn}}
<!--
        Armament
-->
|guns=1 × [[30 mm caliber|30 mm]] [[Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-30-1]] [[autocannon]] with 150 rounds
|hardpoints=12 × external hardpoints
|hardpoint capacity=up to 6,500&nbsp;kg (14,300 lb) of ordnance 
|hardpoint rockets=<br />
***[[S-8 rocket|S-8]]KOM/BM/OM
***[[S-13 rocket|S-13]]T/OF
***[[S-25 (rocket)|S-25]]OFM-PU
|hardpoint missiles=<br />
***[[Air-to-air missile]]s:
****8 × [[R-27 (air-to-air missile)|R-27]]R/ER/T/ET 
****4 × [[R-73 (missile)|R-73]]E
***[[Anti-ship missile]]s:
****[[Kh-31]]A
****[[P-270 Moskit#Variants|Kh-41]]
***[[Anti-radiation missile]]s:
****[[Kh-25]]MP
****[[Kh-31]]P 
|hardpoint bombs=<br />
***[[RBK-500]] [[cluster munition|cluster bomb]]
***Up to 500&nbsp;kg (1,100 lb) bombs
<!-- 
     Avionics -->
|avionics=
*[[Mech radar|N001]] [[radar]]
*[[OEPS-27]] [[Electro-Optical Targeting System|electro-optical targeting system]]
*[[SVP-24]] munitions guidance system
*SPO-15 Radar Warning Receiver 
|width m=7.40|width note=wing folded}}

==Notable appearances in media==
{{Main|Aircraft in fiction#Sukhoi Su-27 and derivatives}}

== Gallery ==
<gallery heights="180" widths="180">
File:Sukhoi Su-33 launching from the Admiral Kuznetsov.jpg|Sukhoi Su-33 launching from the [[Russian aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov|''Admiral Kuznetsov'']]
File:The 279th separate naval fighter regiment (Murmansk Region) (31).jpg|Su-33 taking off from the ''Admiral Kuznetsov'' aircraft carrier
File:ВМФ Сухой Су-33.jpg|Shadow of the Su-33
File:Russian Naval Aviation Sukhoi Su-33.jpg|Lower side of the Su-33
File:Russian Navy officer explains his aircraft Russian Aircraft Carrier Kuznetsov.jpg|Russian Navy officer explains his aircraft to a visiting [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] officer on the flight deck of the ''Admiral Kuznetsov'', Jan. 7, 1996
File:Return of aircraft and helicopters from the Admiral Kuznetsov to Severomorsk (14).jpg|Pilots of the Su-33 during a ceremony before the flight
File:Sukhoi Su-33 folded wing.JPG|Su-33 wing folded, showing its armaments
</gallery>

==See also==
{{Portal|Aviation}}
{{aircontent
|see also=<!-- other related articles that have not already linked: -->
|related=<!-- designs which were developed into or from this aircraft: -->
* [[Sukhoi Su-30]]
* [[Sukhoi Su-34]]
* [[Sukhoi Su-35]]
* [[Sukhoi Su-37]]
* [[Shenyang J-15]]
|similar aircraft=<!-- aircraft that are of similar Role, Era, and Capability as this design: -->
* [[Mikoyan MiG-29K]]
* [[Dassault Rafale]]
* [[Boeing F/A-18 Hornet]]
* [[Grumman F-14 Tomcat]]
|lists=<!-- relevant lists that this aircraft appears in: -->
<!-- See [[WP:Air/PC]] for more explanation of these fields. -->
}}

==References==

===Notes===
{{Reflist|group=N}}

===Citations===
{{Reflist|25em}}

===Bibliography===
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Bangash|first=M.Y.H|title=Shock, Impact and Explosion: Structural Analysis and Design|location=New York|publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]]|year=2009|isbn=978-3-540-77067-1|oclc=314175998}}
* {{cite book |last=Conley|first=Jerome M|title=Indo-Russian Military and Nuclear Cooperation: Lessons and Options for U.S. policy in South Asia|location=Idaho Falls, Indiana|publisher=Lexington Books|year=2001|isbn=0-7391-0217-6|oclc=44818532}}
* {{Cite book|editor-last=Eden|editor-first=Paul|title=The Encyclopedia of Modern Military Aircraft|location=London|publisher=Amber Books|year=2004|isbn=1-904687-84-9|oclc=57452613}}
* {{cite book |last=Fisher|first=Richard D|title=China's Military Modernization: Building for Regional and Global Reach|location=Westport, Connecticut|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=2008|isbn=978-0-275-99486-0|oclc=221153853}}
* {{cite book |last=Gordon |first=Yefim |title=Sukhoi Su-27 Flanker: Air Superiority Fighter |location=London|publisher=Airlife Publishing|year=1999|isbn=1-84037-029-7|oclc=40588052}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Gordon|first1=Yefim|last2=Davison|first2=Peter|title=Sukhoi Su-27 Flanker|location=North Branch, Minnesota|series=Warbird Tech|volume=42|publisher=Specialty Press|year=2006|isbn=1-58007-091-4|oclc=70690625}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Gunston|first1=Bill|last2=Gordon|first2=Yefim|title=MiG Aircraft since 1937|location= Annapolis, Maryland|publisher=Naval Institute Press|year=1998|isbn=1-55750-541-1|oclc=39646216}}
* {{Cite book|editor-last=Williams|editor-first=Mel|title=Superfighters: The Next Generation of Combat Aircraft|chapter=Sukhoi 'Super Flankers'|location=Norwalk, Connecticut|publisher=AIRtime Publishing|year=2002|isbn=1-880588-53-6|oclc=51213421}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Sukhoi Su-33}}
* Official Sukhoi Su-33 webpage at {{Official website|https://www.sukhoi.org/products/earlier/255/|Sukhoi}} and {{Official website|http://www.knaapo.ru/about/history/aviamuseum/aviamuseum-2/su33/|KnAAPO}}
* [http://www.milavia.net/aircraft/su-33/su-33.htm Sukhoi Su-33 page on milavia.net]
* [http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Maritime-Flanker-D.html Sukhoi Su-33 and Su-33UB Flanker D on ausairpower.net]
* [http://www.aerospaceweb.org/aircraft/fighter/su33/ Sukhoi Su-33 page on aerospaceweb.org]
* [http://www.flankers-site.co.uk/su-33.htm Photos of Su-33 on flankers-site.co.uk]

{{Su-27 family}}
{{Sukhoi aircraft}}

[[Category:Canard aircraft]]
[[Category:Carrier-based aircraft]]
[[Category:1980s Soviet fighter aircraft]]
[[Category:Sukhoi aircraft|Su-33]]
[[Category:Twinjets]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1987]]
[[Category:Fourth-generation jet fighters]]
[[Category:Twin-tail aircraft]]
[[Category:Sukhoi Su-27 family aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear]]