View source for Stuiver

{{Short description|Historical Dutch coin}}
{{Infobox coin
| Country          = {{flag|Netherlands}}
| Denomination     = Stuiver
| Value            = 0.05
| Catalog Number   = -
| Unit             = [[Dutch guilder]]
| Mass             = 3.5
| Diameter         = 21
| Thickness        = 1.45
| Composition      = 95% [[Copper|Cu]], 4% [[Tin|Sn]], 1% [[Zinc|Zn]]
| Orientation      = [[Coin orientation|coin]]
| Years of Minting = 1948&ndash;2001<br />([[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]])
| Circulation      = 1948&ndash;<br />28 January 2002<br> Redeemed by national bank until 1 January 2007
| Obverse          = Dutch 5 cent.jpg
| Obverse Design   = Queen [[Wilhelmina of the Netherlands|Wilhelmina]] (1948)<br />Queen [[Juliana of the Netherlands|Juliana]] (1950&ndash;1980)<br/>Queen [[Beatrix of the Netherlands|Beatrix]] (1982&ndash;2001)
| Obverse Designer = [[L. O. Wenckebach]] (1948&ndash;1980)<br /> [[Bruno Ninaber van Eyben]] (1982&ndash;2001)
| Reverse          = Dutch 5 cent.jpg
| Reverse Design   = [[Face value]], year, [[privy mark]] (left), [[mint mark]] (right)
| Reverse Designer = [[L. O. Wenckebach]] (1948&ndash;1980)<br /> [[Bruno Ninaber van Eyben]] (1982&ndash;2001)
| Edge             = plain
}}
{{Main|Dutch guilder#History}}
The '''stuiver''' {{IPA|nl|ˈstœyvər|}} was a [[coin]] used in the Netherlands, worth {{Fraction|1|20}} of a [[Dutch guilder|guilder]] (16 ''penning'' or 8 ''[[duit]]'', later 5 cents). It was also minted on the [[Lower Rhine region]] and the [[Dutch Empire|Dutch colonies]]. The word can still refer to the [[5 euro cent coin]], which has almost exactly the same diameter and colour despite being over twice the value of the older coin.

== Netherlands==
[[File:Arnhem, stuiver 1598.JPG|thumb|left|180px|An [[Arnhem]] stuiver of 1598.]]
[[File:MUS Koin Silver Netherlands Stuiver Transisalania 1628; 2.jpg|thumb|left|Stuiver silver coin of [[Lordship of Overijssel|Overijssel province]] (lat. ''Transisulania''), 1628.]] 
The ''Stüber'' emerged from the ''vierlander'' ("coin of four provinces"), that [[Philip III of Burgundy]] had minted from 1434 as a common denomination for [[Duchy of Brabant|Brabant]], [[County of Flanders|Flanders]], [[County of Holland|Holland]] and the [[County of Hainault|Hainault]] (''Hennegau'') and which had a value of {{fraction|1|20}} [[Rhenish gulden|Rhenish ''gulden'']]. It corresponded to 3 Brabant ''Plakken'', 2 Flemish ''[[Groat (coin)|Groten]]'', 16 Dutch ''pfennigs'' or 1 [[Artois|Artesian]] [[Sou (French coin)|''schilling'']].<ref>{{cite web |last=K. Lemmens |date=1998 |title=Rekenmunt en courant geld |url=http://www.egmp.nunaar.be/artikels/Rekenmunt.pdf |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2021-11-28 |publisher= |pages=26–28 |language=nl |quote= |periodical=Jaarboek van het Europees Genootschap voor Munt- en Penningkunde}}</ref> The name "stuiver" derives from the Dutch ''stuiven'' ("flying sparks"), since on early Flemish ''stuivers'' "spark-producing [[flint]]s of the [[Order of the Golden Fleece|Collar of the Golden Fleece]]" were depicted.
Twenty stuivers equalled a ''[[Dutch Guilder]].'' It circulated until the [[Napoleonic Wars]]. In 1818 the Netherlands decimalised its guilder into 100 cents. Two stuivers equalled a [[dubbeltje]] - the ten-cent coin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.knm.nl/Geschiedenis-van-de-gulden/nl/news/398/?NieuwsGroepID=1|title=Geschiedenis van de gulden|website=KNM}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Geschiedenis van de stuiver, door Dr. H. Enno Van Gelder.|first=Hendrik Enno|last=Van Gelder|date=22 November 2017|oclc = 458375109}}</ref>
After the decimalisation of Dutch currency, the name "stuiver" was preserved as a nickname for the five-cent coin until the introduction of the [[euro]] in 2002.<ref name="nomisma.nl">{{cite web |url=http://www.nomisma.nl/catalogus.php?cid=10420#102304| title=nomisma.nl|access-date=2014-05-17}}</ref>
The word can still refer to the [[5 euro cent coin]], which has almost exactly the same diameter and colour despite being over twice the value of the older coin.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2014/02/15/stuiver-a1470247|title=Stuiver|newspaper=NRC |date=15 February 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://krant.telegraaf.nl/krant/euro/teksten/euro.spreekwoorden.html|title=De Telegraaf-i [] Alles over de euro|website=krant.telegraaf.nl}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://voetlichtmedia.nl/2014/07/06/oranje-van-geen-stuiver-waard-naar-euro-forisch/|title=Oranje: Van geen stuiver waard naar euro-forisch - VoetLicht Media|date=6 July 2014}}</ref>
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{{anchor|Stüber}}

== Holy Roman Empire ==
[[File:Schwanenstüber_von_1485,_Herzog_Johann_II._von_Cleve,_CNG_(3).jpg|thumb|''[[Schwanenstüber]]'', 1485, [[Duchy of Cleves]]]]
[[File:3_Stueber_Duchy_of_Berg_1806.jpg|thumb|3 ''Stüber'', [[Duchy of Berg]], 1806]]
[[File:Viertelstueber_Hannover_1823.jpg|thumb|{{Fraction|1|4}} Stüber, [[Kingdom of Hanover|Hanover]] for [[East Frisia]], 1823]]
The '''''Stüber''''' (abbreviation: ''stbr''.) or '''''Stüver''''' was a small ''[[groschen]]'' coin that was minted in north-west Germany, especially in the territories of today's [[North Rhine-Westphalia]] and in the [[County of East Frisia]] roughly from the end of the 15th century to the early 19th century.

On the [[Lower Rhine region|Lower Rhine]], these coins mostly had a value of {{Fraction|1|1|3}} [[Albus (coin)|''albus'']] or 16 [[Heller (coin)|''hellers'']], in [[Duchy of Cleves|Cleves]], 21 ''hellers''. One ''[[Reichstaler|Rechnungstaler]]'' corresponded to 60 ''Stüber''.<ref>{{cite web |last=Alfred Noss |date=1892 |title=Der Niederrheinische Albus |url=https://www.coingallery.de/Koeln/Noss-Albus.htm |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2021-11-28 |publisher= |pages=S. 1–46 |language= |quote= |periodical=Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Numismatischen Gesellschaft, Jahrg. XI.}}</ref>

== European colonies ==
From 1660, the [[Dutch East India Company]] (VOC) began to strike copper stuiver coins for local use in [[Dutch Ceylon]]. At first, the coins were simply stamped on both sides with their denomination but from 1783, the VOC monogram and date were added. The coins were minted at [[Colombo]], [[Jaffna]], [[Galle]] and [[Trincomalee]]. These coins were issued till British occupation in 1796.
The '''stiver''' ({{langx|si|තුට්ටුව}}) was a currency denomination ({{Fraction|1|48}} [[Ceylonese rixdollar]]) in use across the 18th and 19th century Sri Lanka and Caribbean, especially among the Dutch, [[Danish West Indies|Danish]], and [[Swedish colonies in the Americas|Swedish islands]]. It was also a denomination that formed part of the currency system of [[Demerara-Essequibo]] (later [[British Guiana]], now [[Guyana]]).
In the British colonies, a stiver had a value of [[Twopence (British pre-decimal coin)|twopence]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lucassen|first1=Jan|title=Wages and Currency: Global Comparisons from Antiquity to the Twentieth Century|date=2007|publisher=Peter Lang|isbn=9783039107827|page=253}}</ref>
The currency was also mentioned in the famous poem by [[Robert Browning]], The [[Pied Piper of Hamelin|Pied Piper]] of [[Hamelin]]: "With you, don't think I'll bate [abate, reduce my demands by] a stiver! And folks who put me in a passion may find me pipe after another fashion."

== Austria ==
The name ''Stüber'' was also considered for a coin that would have been a sub-division of the [[Austrian Schilling]] introduced in 1924; In the end, however, the name ''Groschen'' was chosen.<ref>{{ANNO|lvb|20|12|1924|4|From ''Stüber'' to ''Groschen'' }}</ref>

== Literature ==

* Heinz Fengler, Gerhard Gierow, Willy Unger: ''Numismatik''. Berlin 1988.
* Helmut Kahnt: ''Das große Münzlexikon von A bis Z''. Regenstauf 2005.
* Hans Spaeth: ''Der Münzfund von Kirchhellen. Ein Beitrag zur Systematik des Emmericher Stüber''. Kreß & Hornung, Munich, 1941.

==See also==
{{Portal|Money|Numismatics}}
* [[5 Cent WWII (Dutch coin)]]
* [[5 Cent 1948 (Dutch coin)]]

==External links==
{{Commons category}} {{Commons category|Stuiver}} {{Wiktionary}} {{wiktionary|stiver}}
* [http://worldcoingallery.com/countries/Netherland_all.php Obverses and reverses of Dutch coins]

{{Currency and coinage of the Netherlands}}
{{Historical currencies of Sri Lanka}}
{{European presence in Ceylon}}
{{Groschen}}

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Coins of the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Five-cent coins]]
[[Category:Dutch words and phrases]]
[[Category:Economic history of Guyana]]
[[Category:Currencies of Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:Currencies of Guyana]]
[[Category:Groschen]]