View source for Stourbridge Town branch line

{{Short description|Railway branch line in Stourbridge, UK.}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox rail line
|name        = Stourbridge Town branch line
|color       =
|logo        = 
|logo_width  = 
|image       = PPM60-139002-Approaching-Stourbridge-Town.jpg
|image_width = 280px
|caption     = A Parry People Mover approaching Stourbridge Town station.
|type        = [[Branch line]]
|system      = 
|status      = 
|locale      = [[West Midlands (county)|West Midlands]]
|start       = {{rws|Stourbridge Junction}}
|end         = {{rws|Stourbridge Town}}
|stations    = 
|routes      = 
|daily_ridership   = 
|open        = 
|close       = 
|owner       = [[Network Rail]]
|operator    = [[West Midlands Trains|West Midlands Railway]]
|character   = 
|stock       = {{brc|139}}
|linelength  = {{convert|0.8|mi|km}}
|tracklength = 
|tracks     = [[Single-track railway|Single track]] throughout
|gauge       = {{RailGauge|sg|allk=on}}
|electrification          = 
|speed       = 
|elevation   = 
|map         = [[File:Stourbridge Town branch line.png|280px]]<br>([[:commons:File:Stourbridge Town branch line.png|Click to expand]])
|map_state   = uncollapsed
}}
The '''Stourbridge Town branch line''' is a {{convert|0.8|mi|km|adj=on}} [[railway]] [[branch line]], in [[Stourbridge]], [[West Midlands (county)|West Midlands]], [[England]]. It is the shortest railway line in Britain. It is widely believed to be the shortest line in Europe to host a daily service,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The UK railway line that’s Europe’s shortest less than a mile and takes just three minutes {{!}} UK {{!}} News {{!}} Express.co.uk |url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/1848193/europes-shortest-railway-line/amp |access-date=2024-05-12 |website=www.express.co.uk}}</ref> although this is incorrect; it is notably beaten by [[Friedrichshafen Stadt–Friedrichshafen Hafen railway|the branch line to Friedrichshafen Hafen]], in Germany.  

The line, which was originally constructed to provide transshipment with the Stourbridge Town Arm of the [[Stourbridge Canal]], is now solely used for passenger services. 

The route is operated by Pre Metro Operations on behalf of [[West Midlands Trains]]. It is currently branded as part of the [[West Midlands Trains|West Midlands Railway]] sub-brand. Under the previous franchise, which ended on 10 December 2017, the service was branded as the '''London Midland Stourbridge Shuttle'''. Service is provided using two [[British Rail Class 139|Class 139]] [[Parry People Movers]].

== History and usage ==
{{Stourbridge Town Branch Line}}
[[File:139002-150014-StourbridgeJcn-P1150105 (31137545384).jpg|right|thumb|At {{stnlnk|Stourbridge Junction}}, trains arrive and depart from platform 1, which is dedicated to the branch. After departure, the branch peels away from the main line, as seen in the left of this photo.]]
Constructed by the [[Great Western Railway]], the short and steeply inclined branch originally carried both passenger traffic from nearby {{stnlnk|Stourbridge Junction}} to the terminus at {{stnlnk|Stourbridge Town}} and freight to the Amblecote Goods Depot at [[Stourbridge Basin]]. The branch opened for passenger traffic on 1 October 1879<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Opening of the Branch Railway |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001590/18791004/113/0008  |newspaper=County Express; Brierley Hill, Stourbridge, Kidderminster, and Dudley News |location=England |date=4 October 1879 |access-date=16 October 2022 |via=British Newspaper Archive |url-access=subscription  }}</ref> and for goods traffic on 1 January 1880. It briefly closed between April 1915 and February 1919 due to the [[First World War]],<ref>{{cite book|author=Butcher, Clive|title=The Railways of Stourbridge|year=1998|publisher=Oakwood Press|location=Usk|pages=25–27|isbn=0-85361-533-0}}</ref> but has otherwise remained open since.

Although the branch line was originally double-tracked, after 1935 the two tracks were worked as two parallel single lines, with the non-passenger track used for freight workings beyond the station over a bridge across Foster Street (a bridge rebuilt in 1957 then subsequently demolished in 1967 after the goods branch closed) towards the Stourbridge Basin. (Until the redevelopment of the bus station in 2012, the bridge abutment remained visible in Foster Street.)  The station and branch were listed for closure under the [[Beeching Axe]], but were later delisted in 1965.

The goods branch closed in 1965.<ref>{{cite book|author=Butcher, Clive|title=The Railways of Stourbridge|year=1998|publisher=Oakwood Press|location=Usk|page=115|isbn=0-85361-533-0}}</ref> The 1879 Stourbridge Town station survived mostly intact until February 1979 when it was demolished and the branch cut back by {{convert|70|yd|m|abbr=off|round=5}}, leaving room for a [[Stourbridge Interchange|bus station]].

The line was controlled by traditional [[Railway semaphore signal|semaphore signals]] until at least 1990, later than the adjacent main line. However, the line is currently worked by the "One Train Working" system with a [[Token (railway signalling)|train staff]] as authority to occupy the line, and there are no working signals.

In 2021 the whole of the branch received new rail, sleepers and ballast, the first upgrade of the track since 1902.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.stourbridgenews.co.uk/news/19280712.shuttle-back-track-stourbridge-branch-line-upgrade/ |title= Shuttle back on track after Stourbridge branch line upgrade |last=Holder |first=Bev |date=5 May 2021 |website=Stourbridge News |access-date=7 May 2021}}</ref>

== Rail traffic on the line ==
[[File:Parry People Mover - 2006-03-12.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Parry People Mover approaching Stourbridge Town on 12 March 2006]]
The line has been used several times as the test route for new types of small rail transport. The [[Great Western Railway]] used both [[GWR Autocoach|autotrains]] and one of the early [[GWR railcars|railcars]] on this route, and in December 2005 the route began being used to test the [[Parry People Mover]], a highly energy-efficient railcar, to provide the Sunday service. The experiment has been sufficiently successful to the extent that the Sunday service in June 2006 was included in both the [[Network Rail]] printed timetables and Internet site, and now runs on a permanent basis.

The line has been operated by two {{brc|139}} [[Parry People Movers]] since June 2009. It was previously operated by a single {{brc|153}} car, and prior to that a {{brc|121}}, locally known as ''Daisy the DMU''.<ref>Back Track Magazine, Volume 19, August 2005, p508 ([http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/bobbacktrack/page/vol19magazineindexbutton.html#e8 on-line index])</ref>

Although the line has been threatened with closure several times in the past, People Mover had suggested that should their railcar prove a success, their service could be further extended into Stourbridge town centre as a [[light rail]] system{{Who|date=August 2022}}. Press reports in August 2010 marked the milestone of half a million passengers having been passed, and indicated substantial growth rates and reliability levels comparable to the [[Docklands Light Railway]]; a new depot could consolidate this early success.<ref>[http://www.stourbridgenews.co.uk/news/8362831.Revolutionary_tram_notches_up_500_000_passengers ''Stourbridge News'': Revolutionary Tram Notches Up 500,000 Passengers]</ref> In 2023 the shuttle celebrated seven million passenger journeys since services began 14 years before.<ref>{{cite web | date=28 August 2023 | title=Famous Stourbridge Shuttle celebrates major milestone | url=https://www.stourbridgenews.co.uk/news/23748247.famous-stourbridge-shuttle-celebrates-major-milestone/ | access-date=29 April 2024 | publisher=[[Stourbridge News]]}}</ref>

The train operates six times per hour over the line, with a journey time of three minutes.

==Passenger volume==
These are the passenger figures on the line from the year beginning April 2002 to the year beginning April 2022. Comparing 2002&ndash;2003 to 2019&ndash;2020, Stourbridge Town numbers increased by 138% and Stourbridge Junction by 378%.<ref name=ORR>{{cite web |url=https://dataportal.orr.gov.uk/statistics/usage/estimates-of-station-usage |title=Estimates of station usage |work=Rail Statistics |publisher=[[Office of Rail and Road]] |accessdate=9 February 2021}}</ref>

{{GBsta-u|
{{GBsta-u A|stn=Stourbridge Town|u1=235,402|u2=200,007|u3=233,499|u4=258,700|u5=278,813|u6=540,898|u7=557,502|u8=592,838|u9=471,222|u10=479,516|u11=483,434|u12=497,736|u13=545,700|u14=575,406|u15=634,494|u16=591,502|u17=559,422|u18=158,964|u19=263,548|u20=295,084}}
{{GBsta-u A|stn=Stourbridge Junction|u1=340,961|u2=370,509|u3=394,422|u4=444,189|u5=499,584|u6=1,138,070|u7=1,159,270|u8=1,206,996|u9=1,149,406|u10=1,216,418|u11=1,276,010|u12=1,323,824|u13=1,434,312|u14=1,466,966|u15=1,585,200|u16=1,667,752|u17=1,631,452|u18=313,080|u19=900,346|u20=1,092,624}}
}}

== Accidents ==
The branch has become notorious for the steep downhill gradient leading from Junction station, and over the years there have been several incidents:<ref>{{cite book|author=Butcher, Clive|title=The Railways of Stourbridge|year=1998|publisher=Oakwood Press|location=Usk|pages=175–181|isbn=0-85361-533-0}}</ref>

*15 June 1897 – a train of empty cattle trucks and horse boxes was being reversed down the incline when the locomotive's vacuum brake failed. The locomotive and wagons ploughed into a line of stationary wagons, the office of a local [[coal merchant]], and stables. One man was injured.
*24 April 1905 – the driver lost control of a locomotive descending the branch, head-first, at the head of 32 wagons. The train demolished the stop block and smashed into and through the goods office at the end of the branch. Luckily the crew managed to jump clear before impact.
*10 February 1948 – a heavily laden freight train slipped away despite brakes being applied, with the result that wagons telescoped into each other.
*2 April 1977 – BR {{brc|122}} single-car diesel unit W55012 suffered a brake failure while descending the branch from Stourbridge Junction and crashed through the [[Buffer stop|buffers]] and the wall beyond, leaving the front part of the train overhanging the road below. This unit is preserved at the [[Weardale Railway]].
*21 January 1989 – apparently caused by trespassers on the line distracting the driver, who consequently misjudged his braking, class 121 unit W55033 ran through the buffer stops at the end of the line and crashed through the wall beyond. The train was sent out of operation and required an overhaul. 
*1 March 1990 – in a very similar incident to the 1977 crash, brake failure caused class 121 unit W55034 to crash through the rebuilt wall at the end of the line. The buffer stop destroyed in the 1989 crash had not been replaced.

== See also ==
* [[Princeton Branch]] - shortest commuter rail line in America
* [[Vatican Railway]] - shortest international railway in the world

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
* {{cite book|last=Christiansen|first=Rex|title=Forgotten Railways volume 10: West Midlands|year=1985 |publisher=[[David & Charles]]|isbn=0-946537-01-1}}

== External links ==
{{commons category}}
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20030425040528/http://www.parrypeoplemovers.com/ Parry People Movers Internet Site]}}
* [http://www.stourbridgelineusergroup.info Stourbridge Line Users Group]

{{Railway lines in the West Midlands}}

[[Category:Rail transport in the West Midlands (county)]]
[[Category:Railway lines opened in 1879]]
[[Category:Railway lines in the West Midlands (region)]]
[[Category:Stourbridge]]