View source for Statesman (dialogue)

{{Short description|Socratic dialogue written by Plato}}
{{italic title}}
{{Platonism|dialogues=show}}

{{Expand German|Politikos|date=October 2023}}

The '''''Statesman''''' ({{langx|grc|[[wikt:πολιτικός|Πολιτικός]]}}, ''Politikós''; [[Latin]]: ''Politicus''<ref>[[Henri Estienne]] (ed.), ''Platonis opera quae extant omnia'', Vol. 2, 1578, [https://archive.org/stream/platonisoperaqua02plat#page/250/mode/2up p. 250].</ref>), also known by its [[Latin]] title, '''''Politicus''''', is a [[Socratic dialogue]] written by [[Plato]].  The text depicts a conversation among [[Socrates]], the mathematician [[Theodorus of Cyrene|Theodorus]], another person named [[Socrates the Younger|Socrates]] (referred to as "Socrates the Younger"), and an unnamed philosopher from [[Velia|Elea]] referred to as "the Stranger" ({{lang|grc|[[Xenos (Greek)|ξένος]]}}, ''xénos''). It is ostensibly an attempt to arrive at a definition of "statesman," as opposed to "[[sophist]]" or "[[philosopher]]" and is presented as following the action of the ''[[Sophist (dialogue)|Sophist]]''.

The ''Sophist'' had begun with the question of whether the sophist, statesman, and philosopher were one or three, leading the [[Eleatic]] Stranger to argue that they were three but that this could only be ascertained through full accounts of each (''Sophist'' 217b).  But though Plato has his characters give accounts of the sophist and statesman in their respective dialogues, it is most likely that he never wrote a dialogue about the philosopher.<ref>[[Mary Louise Gill]], ''Philosophos: Plato's Missing Dialogue'', Oxford University Press, 2012.</ref>

== Contents ==
The dialogue begins immediately after the ''Sophist'' ends, with Socrates (the elder) and Theodorus briefly reflecting on the discussion before the Eleatic Stranger proposes to begin a dialectical investigation with Socrates the Younger into the nature of the statesman.  The Eleatic Stranger and Socrates the Younger resume using the [[diairesis|method of division]] employed in the ''Sophist'', pausing to reflect on dialectical methods and a [[Greek mythology|myth]] similar to the [[Ages of Man|myth of ages]].<ref name=miller>[[Mitchell Miller (philosopher)|Mitchell Miller]], ''The Philosopher in Plato's ''Statesman, Parmenides Publishing, 2004.</ref>  The interlocutors ultimately offer a complicated account of the statesman through a version of division that entails accounting for the object of inquiry 'by carving at the joints' like a 'sacrificial animal' (''Statesman'' 287b-c).<ref name=miller />

== Interpretations ==
According to [[John M. Cooper (philosopher)|John M. Cooper]], the dialogue was intended to clarify that to rule or have [[political power]] called for a specialized knowledge.<ref>[[John M. Cooper (philosopher)|Cooper]] and Hutchinson (1997). "Introduction to ''Politikos''".</ref> The statesman was one who possesses this special knowledge of how to rule justly and well and to have the best interests of the citizens at heart. It is presented that [[politics]] should be run by this knowledge, or [[gnosis]]. This claim runs counter to those who, the Stranger points out, actually did rule. Those that rule merely give the appearance of such knowledge, but in the end are really sophists or imitators.  For, as the Stranger maintains, a sophist is one who does not know the right thing to do, but only appears to others as someone who does. The Stranger's ideal of how one arrives at this knowledge of power is through social divisions. The Stranger takes great pains to be very specific about where and why the divisions are needed in order to rule the citizenry properly.

==Texts and translations==
*Greek text at [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0171%3Atext%3DStat. Perseus]
*''Plato: Statesman, Philebus, Ion.'' Greek with translation by Harold N. Fowler and W. R. M. Lamb. Loeb Classical Library 164. Harvard Univ. Press (originally published 1925). {{ISBN|978-0674991828}} [http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674991828 HUP listing]
*Fowler translation at [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0172%3Atext%3DStat. Perseus]
*Jowett translation with introduction at [https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/plato/dialogues/benjamin-jowett StandardEbooks]
*Plato. ''Opera'', volume I. Oxford Classical Texts. {{ISBN|978-0198145691}}
*Plato. ''Complete Works.'' Ed. J. M. Cooper and D. S. Hutchinson. Hackett, 1997. {{ISBN|978-0872203495}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{Wikisource-inline|Statesman|''Statesman''}}
*{{Wikiquote-inline}}
* {{StandardEbooks|Standard Ebooks URL=https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/plato/dialogues/benjamin-jowett|Display Name=''{{PAGENAMEBASE}}'', in a collection of Plato's Dialogues|noitalics=true}}
*{{librivox book | stitle=Statesman | dtitle=''Statesman'', english translation by Benjamin Jowett | author=Plato}}

{{Socrates navbox}}
{{Plato navbox}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Dialogues of Plato]]
[[Category:Political philosophy in ancient Greece]]