View source for Stand-up roller coaster

{{Short description|Type of roller coaster}}
{{Infobox attraction model
| name                = Stand-up roller coaster
| logo                = <!--Use ONLY the filename, not a full [[Image:]] link-->
| logo_width          = <!--Default is 250px-->
| image               = Riddlers Revenge 12.jpg
| imagedimensions     = 
| caption             = [[The Riddler's Revenge]], a  stand-up coaster that features a vertical loop which wraps around the lift hill.
| status              = in production
| first_produced      = 1984
| No. of installations= 22 (9 in operation)
| manufacturer        = <!--Must not be linked.-->
| manufacturer2       = [[TOGO]]<br>[[Arrow Dynamics]]<br>[[Bolliger & Mabillard]]<br>[[Intamin]]
| designer            = <!--Should be linked.-->
| height_ft           = <!--Must be expressed in feet and may contain only numeric characters.-->
| height_m            = <!--Must be expressed in metres and may contain only numeric characters.-->
| drop_ft             = <!--Must be expressed in feet and may contain only numeric characters.-->
| drop_m              = <!--Must be expressed in metres and may contain only numeric characters.-->
| length_ft           = <!--Must be expressed in feet and may contain only numeric characters.-->
| length_m            = <!--Must be expressed in metres and may contain only numeric characters.-->
| speed_mph           = <!--Must be expressed in miles per hour and may contain only numeric characters.-->
| speed_km/h          = <!--Must be expressed in kilometres per hour and may contain only numeric characters.-->
| gforce              = 
| capacity            = <!--If number is known, include this parameter.-->
<!--Use only one of vehicles, rows, participants, or audience-->
| vehicle_type        = 
| vehicles            = 
| riders_per_vehicle  = <!--Only use if vehicles has been specified.-->
| rows                = 
| riders_per_row      = <!--Only use if rows has been specified.-->
| participants_per_group= <!--Only use if neither rows or vehicles is applicable.-->
| audience_capacity   = <!--For shows-->
| duration            = 
| restraint           =
| custom_label_1      = First retrofit
| custom_value_1      = 1982
| custom_label_2      = 
| custom_value_2      = 
| rcdb_number          =  <!--The number in the URL of the coaster's RCDB page. This parameter should only be used for roller coaster models.-->
}}
A '''stand-up roller coaster''' is a [[roller coaster]] where passengers aboard a train stand throughout the course of the ride. The first manufacturer to employ the format was [[TOGO]], a Japanese company that converted two traditional roller coasters in 1982 to stand-up configurations. [[Arrow Dynamics]] followed suit in the United States the following year with their own conversion. The first roller coaster designed from the ground up as a stand-up coaster was [[King Cobra (roller coaster)|King Cobra]], built by TOGO, which opened at Kings Island in 1984. [[Intamin]] and [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] (B&M) have also designed stand-up models beginning in the 1990s, with the latest opening in 2023 as [[Pipeline: The Surf Coaster]] in [[SeaWorld Orlando]], which was the first stand up roller coaster built since 1999's [[Georgia Scorcher]] at [[Six Flags Over Georgia]].

Although riders stand, they have access to a height-adjustable [[Bicycle saddle|bicycle seat]] in many configurations. Older designs from the now-defunct TOGO typically used over-the-shoulder or lap-bar restraints to secure riders. B&M models add a seat belt that connects the bicycle seat to the harness for additional security.

==History==
The first stand-up roller coasters in the world were originally built as sit-down roller coasters. Japanese manufacturer [[TOGO]] designed stand-up roller coasters that were first deployed in 1982 on Momonga Standing & Loop Coaster, originally built in 1979 at [[Yomiuriland]] in [[Tokyo, Japan]].<ref>{{cite RCDB |rcdb_number=1219 |coaster_name=Momonga Standing & Loop Coaster |location=Yomiuri land |access date=2009-10-14}}</ref> The same change was also performed on Dangai at the former Thrill Valley amusement park in [[Gotemba, Shizuoka]], Japan.<ref name="RCDB-Dan">{{cite RCDB |rcdb_number=2691 |coaster_name=Dangai |location=Thrill Valley |access date=2009-10-14}}</ref> Both rides added stand-up trains in 1982, with Dangai opening one day before Momonga Standing & Loop Coaster.<ref name="RCDB-Dan"/>

The first stand-up roller coaster in the [[United States]] was also a former sit-down model. Screamroller at [[Worlds of Fun]] was a common corkscrew layout found at multiple parks and was built by [[Arrow Dynamics]] in 1976.<ref name="RCDB-EXT" /> In 1983, Arrow designed its own stand-up train for the attraction, and the ride was subsequently renamed ExtremeRoller after the trains were added.<ref name="RCDB-EXT"/> The original sit-down trains were reinstalled several years later.<ref name="RCDB-EXT"/> Arrow retrofitted another coaster in 1984 called [[River King Mine Train]], which originally debuted at the grand opening of [[Six Flags St. Louis]] in 1971. Arrow added stand-up trains for the 1984 season, and the attraction was renamed Rail Blazer.<ref name="RCDB-RB">{{cite RCDB |rcdb_number=125 |coaster_name=River King Mine Train |location=Six Flags St. Louis |accessdate=October 14, 2009}}</ref> The track wasn't intended for use with stand-up trains, and a fatal accident in 1984 – involving a passenger that was ejected from her seat – prompted a recall of the trains.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/archives/july-7-1984-woman-killed-in-fall-from-six-flags-ride/article_6532df6d-6f71-5443-990a-d06fdc349833.html|title=July 7, 1984: Woman killed in fall from Six Flags ride|date=7 July 2020 }}</ref> The original trains and name of the ride were restored in 1985.<ref name="RCDB-RB"/>

TOGO set out to design the first ever stand-up roller coaster from the ground up and successfully tested a prototype in the parking lot of their Tokyo plant. Named Astro-Comet, the prototype was purchased by [[Kings Island]], an amusement park in the US looking for the proper ride to celebrate the 100th anniversary of America's first roller coaster. It opened at Kings Island in 1984 as ''[[King Cobra (roller coaster)|King Cobra]]'' and operated until 2001.<ref name="KIBlog-Astro-Comet">{{cite web|url=https://www.visitkingsisland.com/blog/2020/august/the-astro-comet-remembering-king-cobra|title=The Astro-Comet: Remembering King Cobra|publisher=Kings Island |last1=Kruthoffer |first1=Kyle |access-date=September 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920043111/https://www.visitkingsisland.com/blog/2020/august/the-astro-comet-remembering-king-cobra |archive-date=September 20, 2022 |date=August 22, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1986, [[Intamin]] built their first stand up coaster, Shockwave at [[Six Flags Magic Mountain]] (later renamed ''[[Batman: The Escape]]'' and relocated to the now-defunct [[Six Flags AstroWorld]]), which used four across seating and their new box spine track, and featured Intamin's first vertical loop. In 2005, it was disassembled and placed in storage at [[Six Flags Darien Lake]], where it sat until its eventual removal in 2017.<ref>{{cite RCDB |rcdb_number=3472 |coaster_name=Unknown |location= Six Flags Darien Lake |accessdate=2009-10-14}}</ref>

The most recent stand-up roller coaster to be manufactured (the first since 1999's ''[[Georgia Scorcher]]'' at [[Six Flags Over Georgia]]) was [[SeaWorld Orlando]]'s surfing-themed ''[[Pipeline: The Surf Coaster]]'', which opened on May 27, 2023. In addition to surfboard-designed cars, Pipeline features modernized and comfortable vest restraints and bicycle-style seats which move several inches up and down, to simulate the feelings of actually surfing. Unlike the older style, it also features two across seating and a launch.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mynews13.com/fl/orlando/attractions/2023/05/11/seaworld-orlando-ready-to-make-waves-with-pipeline-coaster#:~:text=The%20%E2%80%9Cseats%E2%80%9D%20are%20a%20restraint,moment%20of%20surfing%20the%20waves |author=Carter, Ashley |title=SeaWorld Orlando Ready to Make Waves With Pipeline Coaster |date=11 May 2023 |accessdate=12 May 2023 |website=MyNews13.com}}</ref>

==Design==
[[Image:Riddler's Revenge train.JPG|thumb|Trains feature saddle seats that move vertically to accommodate various heights. ([[The Riddler's Revenge]] at [[Six Flags Magic Mountain]])]]
Three manufacturers—[[TOGO]], [[Intamin]] and [[Bolliger & Mabillard]]—have constructed multiple stand-up roller coasters. TOGO's stand-up models feature cars that seat four passengers in two rows of two. Models from Intamin and B&M also seat four riders per car, but in a single four-abreast row.

On a standard roller coaster, the rider is held in their seat by some form of harness, such as a lap bar or an over-the-shoulder restraint. As stand-up roller coasters, by their design, do not have "seats," the harness system must both restrain and support the rider. Typical stand-up roller coaster harnesses are mounted on vertical posts, which allow the harness to adjust to riders of different heights. At the bottom is a seat resembling that on a bicycle, while at the top is an over-the-shoulder harness. TOGO models normally use a lap bar to further secure riders, while B&M models add a seat belt to connect the bicycle seat to the shoulder harness.

With some exceptions, stand-up roller coasters normally feature at least one inversion. These inversions can include [[vertical loop]]s, [[Roller coaster elements#Inclined loop|inclined loop]]s, [[Roller coaster elements#Dive loop|dive loop]]s and [[Roller coaster elements#Corkscrew|corkscrew]]s. Only one stand-up roller coaster, the [[Shockwave (Drayton Manor)|Shockwave]] at [[Drayton Manor Theme Park]] in the [[United Kingdom]], includes a [[Roller coaster elements#Zero-gravity roll|zero-gravity roll]].

==Installations==

[[Image:Georgia Scorcher (Six Flags Over Georgia) 01.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Georgia Scorcher]], a 1999 stand-up coaster.]]
[[File:Iron Wolf (Six Flags Great America) 01.JPG|thumb|200px| The first [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] stand-up coaster as well as the first roller coaster that Bollinger & Mabillard ever built, [[Apocalypse (Six Flags America)|Iron Wolf.]]]]
[[Image:Mantis1 CP.JPG|thumb|200px|[[Mantis (roller coaster)|Mantis]], a former [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] stand-up coaster.]]

===Modified stand-up roller coasters===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name !! Park !! Manufacturer !! Opened !! Closed !! Details
|-
| [[Momonga Standing and Loop Coaster]] || [[Yomiuriland]] || [[TOGO]] || 1979 || 2021 || Stand-up trains added in 1982
|-
| Dangai || Thrill Valley || [[TOGO]] || 1982 || 2002 || Stand-up trains added in 1982
|- 
| [[Extremeroller]] || [[Worlds of Fun]] || [[Arrow Dynamics]] || 1976 || 1988 || Stand-up trains in added 1983, removed several years later<ref name="RCDB-EXT">{{cite RCDB |coaster_name=Extremeroller |location=Worlds of Fun |rcdb_number=496 |accessdate=November 20, 2023}}</ref>
|-
| [[River King Mine Train|Rail Blazer]] || [[Six Flags St. Louis]] || [[Arrow Dynamics]] || 1971 || {{NA}} || Stand-up trains added in 1984, removed in 1985<ref name="RCDB-RB" />
|-
| Pink Typhoon Standing Coaster<br/><small>(formerly Star Jet)</small> || Washuzan Highland || [[TOGO]] || 1986 || {{NA}} || Stand-up train added on or before 1998
|}

===Purpose-built stand-up roller coasters===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name !! Park !! Manufacturer !! Opened !! Closed !! Details
|-
| [[King Cobra (roller coaster)|King Cobra]] || [[Kings Island]] || [[TOGO]] || 1984 || 2001 || 
|-
| Standing Coaster || [[Rusutsu Resort]] || [[TOGO]] || 1985 || {{NA}} || 
|-
| [[Shockwave (Kings Dominion)|Shockwave]] || [[Kings Dominion]] || [[TOGO]] || 1986 || 2015 || 
|-
| Milky Way || Mitsui Greenland || [[TOGO]] || 1991 || {{NA}} ||
|-
| [[Vortex (Great America)|Vortex]] || [[California's Great America]] || [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] || 1991 || 2016 || Converted to a floorless coaster ([[Patriot (California's Great America)|Patriot]]) in 2017
|-
| [[Vortex (Carowinds)|Vortex]] || [[Carowinds]] || [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] || 1992 || {{NA}} || 
|-
| Fujin Raijin II || [[Expoland]] || [[TOGO]] || 1992 || 2007 ||
|-
| [[Batman The Escape]] || [[Six Flags AstroWorld]] || [[Intamin]] || 1993 || 2005 || Formerly called Shockwave at [[Six Flags Great Adventure]] and [[Six Flags Magic Mountain]]
|-
| [[Shockwave (Drayton Manor)|Shockwave]] || [[Drayton Manor Resort]] || [[Intamin]] || 1994 || 2023 || Converted to a sit-down coaster, The Wave in 2024
|-
| [[Cobra (La Ronde)|Cobra]] || [[La Ronde (amusement park)|La Ronde]] || [[Intamin]] || 1995 || 2016 || Formerly Stand Up at [[Skara Sommarland]] (1988–1994)
|-
| [[Mantis (roller coaster)|Mantis]] || [[Cedar Point]] || [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] || 1996 || 2014 || Converted to a floorless coaster, [[Rougarou (roller coaster)|Rougarou]], in 2015
|-
| [[Riddler's Revenge]] || [[Six Flags Magic Mountain]] || [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] || 1998 || {{NA}} ||
|-
| [[Georgia Scorcher]] || [[Six Flags Over Georgia]] || [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] || 1999 || {{NA}} ||
|-
| [[Green Lantern (Six Flags Great Adventure)|Green Lantern]] || [[Six Flags Great Adventure]]|| [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] || 2011 || 2024 || Formerly [[Chang (roller coaster)|Chang]] at [[Kentucky Kingdom]] (1997–2009)
|-
| [[Apocalypse (Six Flags America)|Apocalypse]] || [[Six Flags America]] || [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] || 2012 || 2018 || Formerly Iron Wolf at [[Six Flags Great America]] (1990–2011)<br/>Converted to a floorless coaster, [[Firebird (roller coaster)|Firebird]], in 2019
|-
| [[Freestyle (roller coaster)|Freestyle]] || [[Cavallino Matto]]|| [[TOGO]] || 2015 || {{NA}} || Formerly Skyrider at [[Canada's Wonderland]] (1985–2014)
|-
| [[Pipeline: The Surf Coaster]] || [[SeaWorld Orlando]] || [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] || 2023 || {{NA}} || First launched stand-up coaster
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category|Stand-up roller coasters}}
*[http://www.intaminworldwide.com/  Intamin Official Site] 
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070205002033/http://www.bolliger-mabillard.com/index_en.aspx  Bolliger & Mabillard Official Site]
*[http://www.rcdb.com/r.htm?ot=2&de=7 List of stand-up roller coasters at RCDB]

{{Rollercoaster tracks}}
{{Bolliger & Mabillard}}
{{Intamin}}

[[Category:Stand-up roller coasters| ]]
[[Category:Types of roller coaster]]