View source for Stagger Lee

{{Short description|American folk song}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Infobox song
| name     = Stack O' Lee Blues
| type     = single
| artist   = [[Waring's Pennsylvanians]]
| B-side   = "Stavin' Change"<ref>B-side artist listed as "the Virginians"</ref>
| released = {{Start date|1923}}
| recorded = Camden, New Jersey, April 18, 1923
| length   = {{Duration|m=3|s=21}}
| label    = [[Victor Records|Victor]]
| writer   = Ray Lopez (credited on single)
}}

"'''Stagger Lee'''" ([[Roud Folk Song Index|Roud]] 4183), also known as "'''Stagolee'''" and other variants, is a popular American [[folk song]] about the murder of Billy Lyons by "Stag" [[Lee Shelton]], in [[St. Louis, Missouri]], on Christmas 1895. The song was first published in 1911 and first recorded in 1923, by [[Waring's Pennsylvanians|Fred Waring's Pennsylvanians]], titled "Stack O' Lee Blues". A version by [[Lloyd Price]] reached number one on the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] in 1959.

==Background==
{{main|Lee Shelton}}
The historical Stagger Lee was [[Lee Shelton]], an African-American [[pimp]] living in [[St. Louis, Missouri]], in the late 19th century. He was nicknamed Stag Lee or Stack Lee, with a variety of explanations being given: he was given the nickname because he "went stag" (attended social events unaccompanied by a person of the opposite sex); he took the nickname from a well-known riverboat captain called Stack Lee; or, according to [[John Lomax|John]] and [[Alan Lomax]], he took the name from a riverboat owned by the Lee family of [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]] called the ''Stack Lee'', which was known for its on-board prostitution.<ref>{{cite book |author=Brown, Cecil |title=Stagolee Shot Billy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1aXZ-dvXsJwC&q=christmas |year=2004 |publisher=Boston: Harvard University Press|pages=43–45 |isbn=978-0674028906}}</ref>  Shelton was well known locally as one of the Macks, a group of pimps who attracted attention through their flashy clothing and appearance.<ref>{{cite book |author=Brown, Cecil |title=Stagolee Shot Billy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1aXZ-dvXsJwC&q=christmas |year=2004 |publisher=Boston: Harvard University Press |isbn=0674028902 |pages=23}}</ref> In addition to those activities, he was the captain of a black Four Hundred Club, a [[social club]] with a dubious reputation.<ref>{{cite book |author=Brown, Cecil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1aXZ-dvXsJwC&q=christmas |title=Stagolee Shot Billy |publisher=Boston: Harvard University Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-0674028906 |page=43}} Brown summarizes what little is known about the club as follows: "The Four Hundred Club was a 'social club,' but such clubs always had a moral front. (...) The Four Hundred Club may have been a type of black-and-tan club, catering to an interracial clientele, and as such would have been under pressure from reform policies." Brown cites a contemporary source from the newspaper ''[[St. Louis Star-Times|St. Louis Star-Sayings]]'', in which a member of the club states: "Mr. [Stack] Lee was our captain."</ref>

On Christmas night in 1895, Shelton and his acquaintance William "Billy" Lyons were drinking in the Bill Curtis Saloon. Lyons was also a member of St. Louis' underworld, and may have been a political and business rival to Shelton. Eventually, the two men got into a dispute, during which Lyons took Shelton's [[Stetson]] hat.<ref>{{cite book|author=Brown, Cecil |title=Stagolee Shot Billy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1aXZ-dvXsJwC&q=christmas |year=2004 |publisher=Boston: Harvard University Press |page=23 |isbn=978-0674028906}} Based on the statements of witnesses, Cecil Brown retells the incident as follows: "Then Lyons grabbed Shelton's Stetson. When Shelton demanded it back, Lyons said no."</ref> Subsequently, Shelton shot Lyons, recovered his hat, and left.<ref>{{cite book|author=Brown, Cecil |title=Stagolee Shot Billy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1aXZ-dvXsJwC&q=christmas |year=2004 |publisher=Boston: Harvard University Press |isbn=0674028902 |pages=21–29}}</ref> Lyons died of his injuries, and Shelton was charged, tried, and convicted of the murder in 1897. He was paroled in 1909, but returned to prison in 1911 for assault and robbery. He died incarcerated in 1912.<ref>{{cite book |author=Brown, Cecil |title=Stagolee Shot Billy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1aXZ-dvXsJwC&q=christmas |year=2004 |publisher=Boston: Harvard University Press |isbn=0674028902 |pages=34–36}}</ref>

The crime quickly entered into American folklore and became the subject of song, as well as folktales and toasts. The song's title comes from Shelton's nickname—Stag Lee or Stack Lee.<ref>{{cite book|author=Brown, Cecil|title=Stagolee Shot Billy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1aXZ-dvXsJwC&q=christmas
|year=2004|publisher=Harvard University Press|page=102|isbn=0674028902}}</ref> The name was quickly corrupted in the folk tradition. Early versions were called "Stack-a-Lee" and "Stacker Lee", while "Stagolee" and "Stagger Lee" also became common. Other recorded variants include "Stackerlee", "Stack O'Lee", "Stackolee", "Stackalee", "Stagerlee", and "Stagalee".<ref>{{cite journal |author=Buehler, Richard E. | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=xrLYAAAAMAAJ&q=%22stagger+lee%22+odum&pg=PA191 |title= Stacker Lee: A partial investigation into the historicity of a Negro murder ballad| journal= Keystone Folklore Quarterly |volume=12 |date=1967 |page= 187 and note |access-date= March 20, 2013}}</ref>

==Early versions==
A song called "Stack-a-Lee" was first mentioned in 1897, in the ''Kansas City Leavenworth Herald'', as being performed by "Prof. Charlie Lee, the piano thumper".<ref name=history>{{cite web| url=http://www.staggerlee.com/pgs/history2.php  |title=History |website= StaggerLee.com|access-date= 17 February 2013}}</ref> The earliest versions were likely [[field holler]]s and other work songs performed by African-American laborers, and were well known along the lower [[Mississippi River]] by 1910. That year, musicologist [[John Lomax]] received a partial transcription of the song,<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.americanbluesscene.com/2011/05/a-brief-history-of-stagger-lee-and-billy-lyons/|author= Marshall, Matt|title= A Brief History of Stagger Lee and Billy Lyons|website= American Blues Scene|date= May 9, 2011|access-date= 5 March 2013|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140222152357/http://www.americanbluesscene.com/2011/05/a-brief-history-of-stagger-lee-and-billy-lyons/|archive-date= 22 February 2014|url-status= dead}}</ref> and in 1911, two versions were published in the ''[[Journal of American Folklore]]'' by the sociologist and historian [[Howard W. Odum]].<ref>{{cite journal| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=xrLYAAAAMAAJ&q=%22stagger+lee%22+odum&pg=PA191|author=Buehler, Richard E. |title=Stacker Lee: A partial investigation into the historicity of a Negro murder ballad|journal= Keystone Folklore Quarterly|volume=12|date=1967| pages=187–191| access-date= 5 March 2013}}</ref>

The song was first recorded by [[Waring's Pennsylvanians]] in 1923 and became a hit.  Another version was recorded later that year by [[Frank Westphal]] & His Regal Novelty Orchestra, and [[Herb Wiedoeft]] and his band recorded the song in 1924.<ref name=redhotjazz>{{cite web |url=http://www.redhotjazz.com/cinderella.html |title=Herb Wiedoeft's Cinderella Roof Orchestra |website=Red Hot Jazz |access-date=2010-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110105053435/http://www.redhotjazz.com/cinderella.html |archive-date=2011-01-05 |url-status=dead}}</ref>  Also in 1924, the first version with lyrics was recorded, as "Skeeg-a-Lee Blues", by [[Lovie Austin]]. [[Ma Rainey]] recorded "Stag O'Lee Blues", a different song based on the melody and words of [[Frankie and Johnny (song)|"Frankie and Johnnie"]], the following year, with [[Louis Armstrong]] on [[cornet]], and a version was recorded by [[Frank Hutchison]] on January 28, 1927, in New York, and is included in Harry Smith's famous ''[[Anthology of American Folk Music]]'' (Song 19 of 84).<ref name=history/>

Before [[World War II]], the song was commonly known as "Stack O'Lee". [[W.C. Handy]] wrote that it probably was a nickname for a tall person, comparing him to the tall [[smokestack]] of the famous steamboat ''[[Robert E. Lee (steamboat)|Robert E. Lee]]''.<ref>{{cite book|title=Blues, an Anthology|author=Handy, W.C. Handy|date= 1926}}</ref> By the time W.C. Handy wrote that explanation in 1926, "Stack O' Lee" was already familiar in United States popular culture, with recordings of the song made by pop singers of the day, such as [[Cliff Edwards]].

The version by [[Mississippi John Hurt]], recorded in 1928, is regarded by many as definitive.<ref name=history/>  In his version, as in all such pieces, there are many (sometimes anachronistic) variants on the lyrics. Several older versions give Billy's last name as "De Lyons" or "Delisle".  Other notable pre-war versions were recorded by [[Duke Ellington]] (1927), [[Cab Calloway]] (1931), [[Woody Guthrie]] (1941),<ref name=history/> and [[Sidney Bechet]] (1945).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/1945-1946-mw0000231255|title = 1945–1946 – Sidney Bechet &#124; Songs, Reviews, Credits &#124; AllMusic|website = [[AllMusic]]}}</ref>

==Lloyd Price version==
{{Infobox song
| name       = Stagger Lee
| type       = single
| artist     = [[Lloyd Price]]
| B-side     = You Need Love
| released   = {{Start date|1958|11}}
| recorded   = New York City, September 11, 1958
| genre      = 
* [[New Orleans rhythm and blues|New Orleans R&B]]<ref name= "Breihan 2018">{{cite web|first= Tom |last= Breihan |title= The Number Ones: Lloyd Price's "Stagger Lee"|website= [[Stereogum]] |date= January 29, 2018 |url= https://www.stereogum.com/1980238/the-number-ones-lloyd-prices-stagger-lee/columns/the-number-ones/|quote= And in 1959, the New Orleans R&B singer and former Army serviceman Lloyd Price took one of those versions to #1....Instead, it's a total blast of a song, a spirited New Orleans rumble...|access-date= June 3, 2023}}</ref>
* [[rock and roll]]<ref name= "Marsh 1989">{{cite book|first=Dave|last=Marsh|title=The Heart of Rock & Soul: The 1001 Greatest Singles Ever Made|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5t5DYDniSHEC|date=1989|publisher=[[Plume (publisher)|Plume]]|isbn=0-452-26305-0|page=161}}</ref>
| length     = {{Duration|m=2|s=20}}
| label      = [[ABC-Paramount Records|ABC-Paramount]]
| writer     = [[Lloyd Price]], Harold Logan (credited on single)
| producer   = [[Don Costa]]
| prev_title = No Limit to Love
| prev_year  = 1958
| next_title = Where Were You (On Our Wedding Day)?
| next_year  = 1959
}}
[[Lloyd Price]] recorded an [[R&B]] rendition of the song as "Stagger Lee" in 1958, and it rose to the top of both the R&B and US pop charts in early 1959.<ref name="whitburnr&b"/> Although his version uses similar lyrics to previous versions of the song, his rendition features a different melody and has no lyrical refrain, making it shorter than previous recordings of the song. Price's version of the song was ranked number 456 on ''[[Rolling Stone]]''{{'}}s [[500 Greatest Songs of All Time]] list, and also reached number 7 on the [[UK singles chart]]. Price also recorded a lyrically toned-down version of the song that changed the shooting to an argument between two friends for his appearance on [[Dick Clark]]'s ''[[American Bandstand]]''.<ref name=history/>

==Chart performance==
===Lloyd Price version===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Chart (1959)
!Peak<br>position
|-
|UK Singles ([[The Official Charts Company]])<ref>{{cite web|title=officialcharts.com|website = [[Official Charts Company|Official Charts]]|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/6916/lloyd-price/website=officialcharts.com|access-date=November 9, 2021}}</ref>
|align="center"|7
|-
|US [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]]
|align="center"|1
|-
|US [[Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs|Hot R&B Sides]] (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite book |title= Top R&B/Hip-Hop Singles: 1942–2004|last=Whitburn |first=Joel |author-link=Joel Whitburn |year=2004 |publisher=Record Research |page=470}}</ref>
|align="center"|1
|}

====All-time charts====
{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|-
! Chart (1958-2018)
! Position
|-
|US ''Billboard'' Hot 100<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/hot-100-60th-anniversary|title=Billboard Hot 100 60th Anniversary Interactive Chart|magazine=Billboard|access-date=10 December 2018}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|260
|}

==Other post-war versions==
* In 1950, a version of "Stack-a-Lee" by [[New Orleans]] pianist [[Archibald (musician)|Archibald]] reached number 10 on the ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' [[R&B chart]].<ref name="whitburnr&b">{{cite book |title= Top R&B/Hip-Hop Singles: 1942–1995|last=Whitburn |first=Joel |author-link=Joel Whitburn |year=1996 |publisher=Record Research |page=12}}</ref>
* The song was [[cover version|covered]] by [[Pat Boone]]
* [[Fats Domino]]
* [[Ike and Tina Turner]]
* [[The Righteous Brothers]]
* [[Champion Jack Dupree]] released a version in 1958 named "Stack-O-Lee" on the album titled ''Blues From The Gutter''.
* [[James Brown]]
* [[Wilson Pickett]] (whose version made number 22 on the US pop chart)
* [[Johnny and the Hurricanes]] (whose instrumental is called "High Voltage")
* [[Dave Van Ronk]] on his 1962 album ''[[Dave Van Ronk, Folksinger]]''
* [[Tom Rush]] on his 1963 album, ''Blues, Songs And Ballads''
* [[Doc Watson]] on his 1967 album ''[[Ballads From Deep Gap]]''
* [[Taj Mahal (musician)|Taj Mahal]] on the 1969 album ''[[Giant Step/De Ole Folks at Home]]''.
* [[Tommy Roe]]'s 1971 version of the song went to number 25 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 17 on the [[Canadian Singles Chart]].
* [[Pacific Gas & Electric (band)|Pacific, Gas & Electric]] included the song under the name "Staggolee" on their 1970 album ''Are You Ready?'';<ref>[https://www.discogs.com/Pacific-Gas-And-Electric-Are-You-Ready/master/236054 ''Are You Ready?'' in Discogs] Retrieved 21 Oct 2019</ref>
* [[The Youngbloods]] released a version of the song on their 1971 album, ''Good and Dusty''.<ref>[http://www.discogs.com/Youngbloods-Good-And-Dusty/release/471336 The Youngbloods, ''Good and Dusty''] Retrieved June 12, 2015</ref> 
* In 1972 [[Dr. John]] included a version on his album ''[[Dr. John's Gumbo]]''.
* The [[Grateful Dead]] frequently played and eventually recorded a version of the tale which focuses on the fictionalized hours after the death of "Billy DeLyon", when Billy's wife Delia tracks down Stagger Lee in a local saloon and "she shot him in the balls" in revenge for Billy's death.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://arts.ucsc.edu/gdead/AGDL/stagger.html|title=The Annotated "Stagger Lee"|website=Arts.ucsc.edu|access-date=22 August 2018}}</ref>
* Christian Rock musician [[Larry Norman]] wrote new lyrics using a bluesy version of the tune called Nightmare #97 about a religious experience where the narrator is caught up to heaven.  It was recorded in 1977 but not published until 1981 in the album ''[[Something New Under the Son]]''.
* [[The Clash]] used some lyrics for their intro to their song "Wrong 'em Boyo" from the 1979 album ''[[London Calling]]''.
* A version by [[the Fabulous Thunderbirds]] can be found on the ''[[Porky's Revenge]]'' soundtrack (1985). 
* [[Bob Dylan]] included a version of "Stack A Lee" on his 1993 album ''[[World Gone Wrong]]''.
* An extended version appears on [[Southside Johnny and the Asbury Jukes]] 1981 live album ''[[Reach Up And Touch The Sky]]''. 
* [[Huey Lewis and the News]] recorded "Stagger Lee" on their 1994 album of R&B covers, ''[[Four Chords And Several Years Ago]]''.
* [[Neil Sedaka]] recorded the song in 1983 for his album ''[[Come See About Me (Neil Sedaka album)|Come See About Me]]''.
* In 1996, [[Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds]] included a song called "Stagger Lee" on their album ''[[Murder Ballads]]''. Not a cover version of the classic song, but instead an alternative and darker version of the tale itself, the references are evident: set in 1932, a still alive Stagger Lee now owns a [[Colt Single Action Army|Colt .45]] (instead of the 'original' .44) and carries a deck of cards; he also still has his Stetson hat, which is now, of course, "old". Also Stagger Lee still has problems in bars, and ends up shooting not only a bartender, but also another rival also called Billy. This version retakes a street [[Deejay (Jamaican)|"toast poem"]] on Stagolee.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.largeheartedboy.com/blog/archive/2007/01/book_notes_dere.html|title=Largehearted Boy: Book Notes – Derek McCulloch ("Stagger Lee")|website=Largeheartedboy.com|access-date=22 August 2018}}</ref>
* [[The Black Keys]] recorded a song entitled "Stack Shot Billy" on their 2004 album ''[[Rubber Factory]]''.
* In 2005, [[Chris Whitley]] and [[Jeff Lang]] recorded their own arrangement of the song, called "Stagger Lee", ultimately released on their 2006 CD ''[[Dislocation Blues]]''.
* In the 2007 film ''[[Black Snake Moan (film)|Black Snake Moan]]'', [[Samuel L. Jackson]]'s character sings a boastful version of the song from Stagger Lee's perspective, titled "Stackolee". This version is based on [[R. L. Burnside]]'s rendition which can be heard on the album ''Well, Well, Well''.
* [[Modern Life Is War]] recorded a hardcore punk version for their 2007 album ''[[Midnight in America]]''.
* [[Josh Ritter]] recorded a version of the tale titled "Folk Bloodbath" on the album ''[[So Runs the World Away]]''.  In his version, Stagger Lee killed a man named Louis Collins, and 'Hangin' Billy Lyons was the judge who sentenced Stagger to hang.
* [[Neil Diamond]] released a version in 1979 on the album titled ''September Morn''.
* [[Justin Townes Earle]] released a version titled "Same Old Stagolee" on his 2017 album ''[[Kids In The Street]]''.
* Three For Silver recorded an original titled "The Recurring Stagger Lee Blues, Pt. 1" on their 2019 release, ''Blue Ruin.'' In their version, Stagger Lee and Billy are two self-aware characters forever fated to repeat their murderous relationship as they reappear in song after song.
* In 2011 [[Snakefarm]] included song called "Staggerlee" in their album ''My Halo In Half-light''.

==Popular culture==
* The song is sung by an African-American prisoner in Jack Black's autobiography ''[[You Can't Win (book)|You Can't Win]]''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Black |first=Jack |title=You Can't Win |date=2021 |publisher=Must Have Books |location=Vancouver, BC |isbn=978-1-77323-797-8 |oclc=1301911524}}</ref>
* In [[1949 in radio|1949]] an episode of the radio [[anthology series]] program ''[[Destination Freedom]]'', written by [[Richard Durham]], retold the "Tales of Stackalee".<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=MacDonald |editor1-first=J. Fred |editor-link=J. Fred MacDonald |title=Richard Durham's Destination Freedom |date=1989 |publisher=Praeger |location=New York |isbn=0275931382|page=x}} Also see {{oclc|1323028307|44432637}} for cassette and audio CD availability of the episode</ref>
* The song "Wrong 'Em Boyo" by the Jamaican [[rocksteady]] group the Rulers begins with a quotation from "Stagger Lee": "Stagger Lee met Billy and they got down to gambling / Stagger Lee throwed seven, Billy said that he throwed eight." The song was notably covered by [[the Clash]] on their 1979 album ''[[London Calling]]'' with an additional lyric to finish the verse: "So Billy said, 'Hey Stagger! I'm gonna make my big attack / I'm gonna have to leave my knife in your back.{{'"}}
* Stagger Lee was the masked persona of wrestler [[Junkyard Dog]], who donned the name and mask in 1982 due to an angle where he was forced to leave his wrestling territory for 90 days. 
* Professional wrestling announcer [[Lee Marshall (announcer)|Lee Marshall]] used Stagger Lee as a nickname during his time in [[World Championship Wrestling]]. 
* The version by [[Pacific Gas & Electric (band)|Pacific Gas & Electric]], was included on the soundtrack for [[Quentin Tarantino]]'s film ''[[Death Proof]]'', the second portion of the 2007 double-feature ''[[Grindhouse (film)|Grindhouse]]''. 
* Blues musician [[Keb' Mo']] performs his version in a scene from the 2007 film ''[[Honeydripper (film)|Honeydripper]]''.
* In Percival Everett's 2001 novel ''[[Erasure (novel)|Erasure]]'' and its 2023 film adaptation ''[[American Fiction (film)|American Fiction]]'', black literature professor Thelonious "Monk" Ellison becomes frustrated with the success of books that exploit and sensationalize Black American poverty, violence, and crime, and writes a satire of these books, first titled ''My Pafology'' and then retitled ''Fuck'', under the pseudonym "Stagg R. Leigh", and must then deal with the effects of his book being taken seriously by everyone and becoming wildly successful.
* The [[cosmic horror]] novella ''My Heart Struck Sorrow'' by [[John Hornor Jacobs]] centers on an [[ethnomusicologist]] travelling the [[Southern United States]] in search of various versions of "Stagger Lee" in the belief that there is an [[wikt:ur-|ur-]]version of the song with [[supernatural]] qualities.<ref>{{cite book |last=Jacobs |first=John Hornor |date=2019 |title=A Lush and Seething Hell |url=https://www.harpercollins.com/products/a-lush-and-seething-hell-john-hornor-jacobs?variant=32121907675170 |location=New York |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=9780062880840}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 1959|List of ''Billboard'' Hot 100 number-one singles of 1959]]
* [[List of number-one R&B singles of 1959 (U.S.)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{wikisource-inline|Stagger Lee|five variations of "Stagger Lee"|single=true}}
*[http://www.staggerlee.com The Song and Myth of Stagger Lee]
* [https://theafricanamericanfolklorist.com/articles/a-hrefhttptheafricanamericanfolkloristcom20201129twoblackfreedomsongsstagolee-and-john-henry-two-black-freedom-songsa Stagolee and John Henry: Two Black Freedom Songs?]

{{Lloyd Price}}
{{Wilson Pickett}}
{{Tommy Roe}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Stagger Lee (Song)}}
[[Category:1911 songs]]
[[Category:1923 singles]]
[[Category:1958 singles]]
[[Category:1959 singles]]
[[Category:1971 singles]]
[[Category:Bill Haley songs]]
[[Category:Lloyd Price songs]]
[[Category:Mississippi John Hurt songs]]
[[Category:Bob Dylan songs]]
[[Category:Tommy Roe songs]]
[[Category:The Youngbloods songs]]
[[Category:Wilson Pickett songs]]
[[Category:Pacific Gas & Electric (band) songs]]
[[Category:Grateful Dead songs]]
[[Category:Southside Johnny & The Asbury Jukes songs]]
[[Category:Dr. John songs]]
[[Category:The McCoys songs]]
[[Category:Nick Cave songs]]
[[Category:Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles]]
[[Category:Cashbox number-one singles]]
[[Category:American folk songs]]
[[Category:Murder ballads]]
[[Category:Victor Talking Machine Company singles]]
[[Category:ABC Records singles]]
[[Category:Paramount Records singles]]