View source for Stade Nuclear Power Plant

{{Infobox power station
|name                = Stade Nuclear Power Plant
| name_official      = Kernkraftwerk Stade
|image               = Stade Nuclear Power Plant - Aerial View.jpg
|image_caption       = 
| location_map_size = 
| location_map_caption  = 
| coordinates = {{coord|53|37|12|N|9|31|51|E|source:dewiki_region:DE-NI_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_ref    = 
| country            = Germany
| location             = [[Bassenfleth]]
| status             = Closed, in Destruction
|construction_began  = 1967
|commissioned        = May 19, 1972
|decommissioned      = November 14, 2003
| cost               = 
| owner              = [[PreussenElektra (nuclear energy company)|PreussenElektra]] (66.7%)<br/>[[Vattenfall|Vattenfall Europe]] (33.3%)
| operator           = Kernkraftwerk Stade GmbH ([[PreussenElektra (nuclear energy company)|PreussenElektra]])
| ps_units_uc  = 
| ps_units_planned= 
| ps_units_decommissioned  = 1 × 672 [[Megawatt|MW]]
| np_reactor_type       = PWR
| np_reactor_supplier   = 
| ps_units_manu_model       = [[Siemens]]
| ps_electrical_capacity = 
| ps_annual_generation = 4481
| ps_electrical_cap_fac = 76.1%<!-- 4,481,000 MWh/year / (672 MW * 365 days/year * 24h/day) = 0.761 -->
| website            = [https://www.preussenelektra.de/en/our-powerplants/kraftwerkstade.html Stade NPP]
| extra              = 
}}
'''Stade nuclear power plant''' ({{langx|de|Kernkraftwerk Stade}}, '''KKS''') operated from 1972 to 2003 in Bassenfleth close to the [[Schwinge (Elbe)|Schwinge]] river mouth into the [[Elbe]] river.  It was the first nuclear plant shut down after Germany's [[Nuclear power phase-out|nuclear phase out legislation]] and is currently being decommissioned (Phase 2: Deconstruction of larger modules in the containment building<ref>Niedersächsisches Umweltministerium: http://www.umwelt.niedersachsen.de/master/C739798_N4798384_L20_D0_I598.html</ref>).

The station is on the left bank of the Elbe in Stadersand, a locality of [[Stade]], to the west of [[Hamburg]] in [[Lower Saxony]] beside [[Schilling Power Station]], which has also been shut down. It was a [[light water reactor]].

==History==
The power plant was built by [[Siemens]] and went online on May 19, 1972 shortly after having reached the first [[Critical mass|criticality]] on January 8, 1972.<ref name="IAEA">[http://www.iaea.org/programmes/a2/ Power Reactor Information System] der [[Internationale Atomenergieorganisation|IAEA]]: [http://www.iaea.org/cgi-bin/db.page.pl/pris.powrea.htm?country=DE&sort=&sortlong=Alphabetic „Germany, Federal Republic of: Nuclear Power Reactors“] (englisch)</ref>
Between March, 1972 and November, 2003 the plant supplied electrical power of 662&nbsp;MW (internal) / 630&nbsp;MW (external), as well as 1,892&nbsp;MW [[thermal power]]. Until September 7, 2005, the power plant ran in "post-operational" mode, and has been in "residual" mode since then.

In 31 years of operation, 157 [[fuel elements]] were consumed, including, from December 15, 1988 onwards, fuel elements containing 4% [[uranium]]. Starting in 1984, the nearby [[saltern]] was supplied with [[process steam]]. This was the first time a nuclear power station had supplied thermal energy. On Friday, November 14, 2003, at 8:32&nbsp;a.m. the Stade nuclear power plant was shut down. E.ON, the company operating the plant at the time, cited economic reasons.

==Decommissioning==
The power plant was decommissioned in five phases, which were expected to be completed by 2015.

* Phase 1: Decommissioning of machinery and parts not required for "residual" operation. Preparation of further steps and infrastructure.
* Phase 2: Decommissioning of large components in the containment building
* Phase 3: Decommissioning of the pressure containment building and the biological shield
* Phase 4: Decommissioning of remaining contaminated parts. Verification of absence of contamination. End of government nuclear supervision.
* Phase 5: Demolition of conventional structures.

On April 27, 2005 the last fuel cells were removed from the plant.
The Department of the Environment of Lower Saxony authorized the storage of weak nuclear waste until 2046.<ref>[http://www.umwelt.niedersachsen.de/master/C739798_N4798384_L20_D0_I598.html Sachstandsinformation zum Kernkraftwerk Stade<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

==Consequences==
After shutdown of the Stade nuclear power plant, the operation of the nearby saltern has been shut down also.<ref>Die Welt(German), 25.06.2003: https://www.welt.de/print-welt/article242377/Akzo-Nobel-Konzern_schliesst_Saline_Stade_zum_Monatsende.html</ref>

Meanwhile it is planned to construct a [[coal power plant|black coal power plant]] with almost the same power as the KKS.<ref>Stader Tageblatt (German): 28.09.2007 "BUND: Rückschlag für Klimaschutz" {{cite web |url=http://www.tageblatt.de/main.cfm?DID=1006431 |title=BUND: Rückschlag für Klimaschutz |access-date=2008-01-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416063413/http://www.tageblatt.de/main.cfm?DID=1006431 |archive-date=2009-04-16 }}</ref> This requires extension of the harbour of [[Bützfleth|Stade-Bützfleth]] with a coal terminal for 1.7 million t black coal.<ref>Hamburger Abendblatt (German) 12.12.2005, "Kohlekraftwerk nach Stade?",  http://www.abendblatt.de/daten/2005/12/12/512830.html</ref>

==See also==
{{stack|{{Portal|Germany|Energy|Nuclear technology}}}}
*[[Anti-nuclear movement in Germany]]
*[[Nuclear power phase-out|Germany's nuclear phase out legislation]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.eon-kernkraft.com/Ressources/downloads/Info_Standort_RZS_eng.pdf Information brochure from Operator E.ON]
* [http://www.umwelt.niedersachsen.de/master/C739798_N4798384_L20_D0_I598.html Official state of deconstruction (German)]

<gallery>
Image:Nordwestansicht AKW Stade.jpg|The Stade NPP
Image:Nordwestansicht mit Infrastruktur AKW Stade.jpg|
Image:Einfahrt AKW Stade.jpg|
</gallery>
<gallery>
Image:Betreten Verboten AKW Stade.jpg|
Image:Stacheldraht AKW Stade.jpg|
Image:Aerial_photograph_8407_DxO.jpg
Image:AKW Stade.jpg|NPP Stade, view from river Elbe, 2020
</gallery>

{{Vattenfall}}
{{DENPPlants}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Stade|NuclearPowerPlant]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Stade (district)|Stade NuclearPowerPlant]]
[[Category:Former nuclear power stations in Germany]]
[[Category:Vattenfall nuclear power stations]]
[[Category:Economy of Lower Saxony]]