View source for St Patrick's Purgatory

{{short description|Ancient pilgrimage site in Lough Derg, Ireland}}
{{redirect|Station Island|the island in California|Drawbridge, California|the Seamus Heaney collection|Station Island (poetry)}}
{{distinguish|Staten Island}}
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{{Infobox church
| name                   = Saint Patrick's Basilica
| fullname               = 
| other name             = St Patrick's Purgatory
| native_name            = Baisleac Naomh Pádraig
| native_name_lang       = ga
| image                  = Lough Derg Station Island Basilica SE 2009 09 17.jpg
| image_size             = 
| alt                    = 
| caption                =

| pushpin map            = Ireland
| pushpin label position = 
| pushpin map alt        = 
| pushpin mapsize        = 
| relief                 = 1
| map caption            = 
| coordinates            = {{coord|54|36|32.30|N|7|52|16.51|W|display=ti|region:IR}}
| osgridref              = <!-- {{gbmappingsmall| TEXT}} -->
| osgraw                 = <!--  TEXT -->
| location               = [[Lough Derg, County Donegal|Lough Derg]], [[County Donegal]]
| country                = Ireland

| language(s)            =English, Irish, [[Latin]]
| denomination           = Catholic
| previous denomination  = 
| tradition              =[[Roman Rite]]
| religious institute    = <!-- or | religious order = -->
| churchmanship          = 
| membership             = 
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| website                =   {{URL| loughderg.org }}

| former name            = <!-- or | former names = -->
| bull date              = 
| status                 = [[minor basilica]]
| founded date           = <!-- {{start date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}} - but see note below -->
| founder                =  
| dedication             = [[Saint Patrick]]
| dedicated date         = 12 May 1931
| earlydedication        =
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| functional status      = 
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| architect              = [[William Alphonsus Scott]]<br>Thomas Joseph Cullen<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.buildingsofireland.ie/buildings-search/building/40910101/st-paricks-catholic-basilica-station-island-lough-derg-donegal|title=St. Parick's Catholic Basilica, STATION ISLAND, Lough Derg, DONEGAL|website=Buildings of Ireland}}</ref>
| architectural type     = 
| style                  = [[Romanesque Revival]], [[Neo-Byzantine]]
| years built            = 
| groundbreaking         = 1924
| completed date         = 1931
| construction cost      = [[IR£]]80,000
| closed date            = 
| demolished date        =

| capacity               = 
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| materials              = [[ashlar]], stone, [[marble]], [[lead]], [[stained glass]], [[copper]], [[concrete]]
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| parish                 = 
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| diocese                = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Clogher|Clogher]]
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[[Image:Thomas Carve Lyra sive Anacephalaeosis Hibernica 1666 Insulae Purgatory.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Map of Station Island and its penitential stations by Thomas Carve in 1666. "Caverna Purgatory" on the map is the site of the actual cave.]]
'''St Patrick's Purgatory''' is an ancient [[pilgrimage]] site on '''Station Island''' in [[Lough Derg (Donegal)|Lough Derg]], [[County Donegal]], Ireland. According to legend, the site dates from the fifth century, when Christ showed [[Saint Patrick]] a cave, sometimes referred to as a [[pit cave|pit]] or a [[water well|well]], on [[Station Island]] that was an entrance to [[Purgatory]].<ref>Bieler, Ludwig. "St. Patrick's Purgatory: Contributions towards an Historical Topography". [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1605447 ''The Irish Ecclesiastical Record''] 93 (1960): 137–44.</ref>
Its importance in medieval times is clear from the fact that it is mentioned in texts from as early as 1185 and shown on maps from all over Europe as early as the fifteenth century. It is the only Irish site designated on [[Martin Behaim]]'s world map of 1492.<ref>Leslie, Shane, ed.  [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/668003 ''Saint Patrick’s Purgatory: A Record from History and Literature.''] London: Burns, Oates & Washbourne, 1932</ref>

==Location==
[[Image:LoughDerg.jpg|thumb|View of Station Island from the shore of Lough Derg, County Donegal, Ireland]]
In the nineteenth century there was some confusion about the actual site of St Patrick's Purgatory—whether it was on Station Island or Saints Island on Lough Derg, County Donegal. For instance the early nineteenth-century Ordnance Survey maps of Ireland (1837–42) locate the Purgatory on Saints Island.<ref>[http://maps.osi.ie/publicviewer/#V1,607406,874173,7 View the historic 6" color map.]</ref> However, its location on Station Island is a tradition that continues unbroken from the Middle Ages. It is clearly indicated on documents dating from that time, and it appears as "Caverna Purgatory" on the detailed [[:File:Thomas Carve Lyra sive Anacephalaeosis Hibernica 1666 Insulae Purgatory.jpg|map]] of Station Island in [[Sir James Ware]]'s ''De Hibernia'' (1654) and Fr. [[Thomas Carve]]'s book, ''Lyra Hibernica'' (1666).<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.italicapress.com/index411.html#BuildingsPast|title=Pilgrims Way to St. Patrick's Purgatory &#124; Eileen Gardiner &#124; Lough Derg &#124; Italica Press &#124; Chapter 9 Lough Derg|website=italicapress.com}}</ref>

==Foundation==
Legend maintains that St. Patrick had grown discouraged by the doubts of his potential converts, who told him they would not believe his teachings until they had substantial proof.  St. Patrick prayed that God would help him relate the Word of God and convert the Irish people, and in return, God revealed to him a pit in the ground, which he called Purgatory; by showing this place to the people, they would believe all that he said.  By witnessing Purgatory, the people would finally know the reality of the joys of heaven and the torments of hell.<ref>Gardiner, Eileen. ''Visions of Heaven and Hell before Dante.'' New York: Italica Press, 1989, 135–36. (http://www.worldcat.org/title/visions-of-heaven-and-hell-before-dante/oclc/18741120)</ref>

Given the sparsity of any documentation for fifth-century Ireland, it is not surprising that there is no proof that St. Patrick ever visited Lough Derg. And while this is the legend, it is a rather late legend dating probably from the twelfth century.<ref>Haren, Michael, and Yolande de Pontfarcy, eds. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19558915 ''The Medieval Pilgrimage to St Patrick’s Purgatory, Lough Derg and the European Tradition.''] (Enniskillen: Clogher Historical Society, 1988), pp. 8–9.</ref> There is however a much more firmly established tradition regarding [[St. Dabheog]] or Dabheoc, a local abbot who presided over, and possibly established, the monastery on the site during the lifetime of Patrick.<ref>Harbison, Peter.[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/231896209 '' Pilgrimage in Ireland: The Monuments and the People.''] Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1995.</ref> His name has been associated from these early centuries with several places in the area, for instance: St. Dabheoc's Chair on the south bank of Lough Derg, the townland of Seedavoc (St. Dabheoc's Seat), and a mountain in that townland, Seadavog Mountain. One of the islands in Lough Derg was also named after him: St. Dabheoc's Island, which may have been Saints Island or another island entirely.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.italicapress.com/index407.html#Dabheoc|title=Pilgrims Way to St. Patrick's Purgatory &#124; Eileen Gardiner &#124; Lough Derg &#124; Italica Press &#124; Chapter 6 Saints|website=italicapress.com}}</ref>

==Cave==
[[Image:Station Island.jpg|thumb|Chapel, bell tower and penitential beds on Station Island. The bell tower stands on a mound that is the site of the original cave.]]
Although the cave has been closed since 25 October 1632, several descriptions by early pilgrims survive. They referred to it as a cave or cellar or as an enclosed pit. The entrance, which was kept closed and locked, was quite narrow: about 0.6&nbsp;m (2&nbsp;ft) wide and 0.9&nbsp;m (3&nbsp;ft) high. Once inside there was a short descent of about six steps. The cave was divided into two parts: the first was about 3&nbsp;m (9&nbsp;ft) long, probably with banked sides and only high enough to kneel in; after a turn there was another niche about 1.5&nbsp;m (5&nbsp;ft) long.<ref name="auto"/>

Since the site has never been excavated, we can only rely at this point on these descriptions of the cave. However based on other archaeological excavations it seems clear that this was probably an ancient structure. Some have suggested a [[souterrain]], a place for storing crops and animals. However, the size of the cave would make this seem very unlikely. A much more plausible suggestion is that it was one of the ancient sweat houses,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.irishmegaliths.org.uk/sweathouses.htm|title=SWEATHOUSES – some fragile stones of Ireland|website=irishmegaliths.org.uk}}</ref> which were actually still in use in Ireland into the twentieth century. From modern practice we know that people would enter these small enclosed places to inhale medicinal smoke produced by burning various plants. The name "purgatorium" could possibly have been used here originally with its Latin meaning as a place for cleansing and purging—much like a modern sauna; especially since the modern notion of "purgatory" as a place for punishment in the afterlife did not come into common use until the thirteenth century.<ref>Le Goff, Jacques. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/9196464 ''The Birth of Purgatory.''] (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984).</ref> The cave would then have been a place that people went to for physical or spiritual healing, even before it became associated with St. Patrick in the twelfth century as a place for strictly spiritual healing.

==Monastery and its functions==
[[File:Lough Derg St. Patrick The Pilgrim 2009 09 23.jpg|thumb|'Patrick the Pilgrim' statue near the dock for the ferry to Station Island]]
A [[monastery]] probably existed on the islands in Lough Derg from the fifth century and it probably included [[anchorite]]s who lived in beehive cells—which may be preserved in some form in the penitential beds that can still be seen on Station Island.

Around 1130 the monastery was given to Augustinian [[Canons Regular]] by the authority of the cathedral in [[Armagh]], under [[Saint Malachy]].<ref>Gardiner, Eileen. ''[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/503595917 The Pilgrim's Way to St. Patrick's Purgatory]''. (New York: Italica Press, 2010), p. 139.</ref> The monastery on Saints Island offered hospitality to pilgrims, who would visit in a spirit of penance and prayer. It also served as a place where pilgrims could prepare themselves for visiting the Purgatory. Documents report that pilgrims who did want to visit the Purgatory would arrive with letters of permission from a bishop, either from their own region or from Armagh.<ref>[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/503595917 Gardiner], pp. 24, 35.</ref> They would then spend fifteen days fasting and praying to prepare themselves for the visit to Station Island, a short boat ride away. At the end of the fifteen days, pilgrims would confess their sins, receive communion and undergo a few final rituals before being locked in the cave for twenty-four hours. The next morning the prior would open the door, and if the pilgrim were found alive, he would be brought back to Saints Island for another fifteen days of prayer and fasting.<ref>[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/503595917 Gardiner], p. 39.</ref>

From the time of St. Dabheoc, it appears that this region attracted pilgrims from far and wide. By the twelfth century they came from all over continental Europe, most likely sailing from England and landing at Dublin or Drogheda. From those ports they would make their way by foot, stopping at monasteries along the way on what would probably be a two-week journey across the Irish countryside to their destination.<ref>[http://www.worldcat.org/title/pilgrims-way-to-st-patricks-purgatory/oclc/503595917%20The%20Pilgrim's%20Way%20to%20St.%20Patrick's%20Purgatory Gardiner], pp. 39–40.</ref> In this period many sinners and criminals were sent on pilgrimage to atone for their deeds and seek forgiveness. St. Patrick's Purgatory would be a likely destination for these penitential pilgrims, or exiles, since communities of anchorites were often considered to have special power to absolve them.<ref>[http://www.worldcat.org/title/pilgrims-way-to-st-patricks-purgatory/oclc/503595917%20The%20Pilgrim's%20Way%20to%20St.%20Patrick's%20Purgatory Gardiner], pp. 21–23.</ref>

==Route to Lough Derg==
Based on the description left by the fifteenth-century pilgrim, [[Guillebert of Lannoy]], it is possible to trace [https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?mid=1ezyOaGHO7DounkrYU2acrBNCw1E&msa=0 the medieval pilgrimage route], reported in 1430, from [[Drogheda]] to [[Kells, County Meath|Kells]] along the [[River Boyne|Boyne River]], most likely stopping at [[Mellifont]], [[Slane]] and Donaghmore, staying at monasteries, as was the usual custom for medieval travelers of any type. From there he headed northwest toward [[Enniskillen]], which he calls Rousseaumoustier. Here a duke lends him a boat so that he and his companions could travel up [[Lough Erne]], most likely stopping at [[Devenish Island|Devenish]], [[Inishmacsaint]] and [[White Island, County Fermanagh|White Island]]. Along this route he would have also passed by the important monastery of [[Drumlane]].<ref>Gardiner, ''Pilgrim's Way,'' pp. 34-37.</ref>

==1497==
At the 31st Irish Conference of Medievalists (2017)<ref>{{cite tweet|user=IrConfMed|author=Irish Medievalists|number=881078772585443328|title=Paolo Taviani (L'Aquila) leads us down into the depths of "St Patrick's Purgatory, 1497" #ICM2017 pic.twitter.com/4du94nzjth|date=1 July 2017|access-date=12 March 2019}}</ref> has been presented a new hypothesis for the historical reconstruction of the so-called first "closure" of the pilgrimage which is thought to have occurred in the late 15th century. The ''[[Acta Sanctorum]]'' contains a document in which the closure is attributed to the denunciation of a Dutch monk, who had been to Lough Derg and subsequently traveled to the [[Holy See|Vatican]], where he accused the pilgrimage's organizers (including the bishop and the prior) of [[simony]]. According to P. Taviani that document is a fake, forged by someone who never had been to Lough Derg and who imagined St. Patrick Purgatory to be akin to St Patrick's Well in Orvieto (Italy). The Pope would never have ordered the closure of the pilgrimage, and in fact this never happened.  In fact, the documents do not claim that the pilgrimage nor the Purgatory were closed down, but simply that "the cave…was broken" and "that site of fallacy" was destroyed, indicating that the false cave that the canon visited was destroyed and closed.<ref>Leslie, p. 63.</ref> According to Taviani, the true story is that in 1497 it was [[Cathal Óg Mac Maghnusa]] (at the time active as a bishop of the [[Bishop of Clogher|Diocese of Clogher]]), encouraged by the Guardian of the Franciscan Observant [[Donegal Abbey]], who wanted to radically change the course of the pilgrimage. The promise of a journey to the underworld could no longer be sustained. To ensure the survival of the pilgrimage, it was necessary to turn it into an event purely concerned with penitence. In order to overcome any potential opposition to this radical change, a fictitious Papal order was conceived.<ref>Paolo Taviani, "La distruzione", in ''Il Purgatorio di San Patrizio. Documenti letterari e testimonianze di pellegrinaggio (secc. XII-XVI)'', Firenze: SISMEL – Le Edizioni del Galluzzo (Quaderni di Hagiographica, 13), 2018, pp. 497-521; {{ISBN|978-88-8450-739-6}} (http://www.sismel.it/tidetails.asp?hdntiid=1605)</ref>
The monastery was then dissolved in 1632, although the local lord apparently allowed the monks to remain. By 1710 the Franciscans were present on the island in the summer to administer to the needs of the pilgrims. They built a church, St. Mary of the Angels, on Station Island in 1763.<ref>[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/503595917 Gardiner], p. 150.</ref> In 1785, administration of Station Island came into the hands of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Clogher]].<ref>[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/503595917 Gardiner], p. 139.</ref> [[Shane Leslie]] gave [[Freehold (law)|freehold]] of the island to the diocese in 1960, and was made a [[Knight Commander of St Gregory]] by [[Pope John XXIII]] in recognition.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dib.cambridge.org/viewReadPage.do?articleId=a4805|title=Leslie, John Randolph ('Shane')|last=Lysaght|first=Charles|work=[[Dictionary of Irish Biography]]|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|access-date=24 September 2015|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==Modern pilgrimage==
There is no evidence that the pilgrimage to St. Patrick's Purgatory was ever interrupted for any period of time and, more than fifteen hundred years on, it continues in the present times.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-53109414|title=Coronavirus: Pilgrims urged to 'do Lough Derg from wherever'|publisher=BBC News |date=23 June 2020}}</ref> Every year the main pilgrimage season begins in late May/early June and ends mid-August, on the 15th, the feast of the [[Assumption of Mary]]. It is a three-day pilgrimage open to pilgrims of all religions, or none, who must be at least fifteen years of age, in good health and able to walk and kneel unaided. Pilgrims, who should begin fasting at the previous midnight, assemble at the Visitor Centre on the shore of Lough Derg early in the day (between about 10 am and 1 pm). From there a boat ferries them on the brief trip out to Station Island.  Once on the island they are assigned a dormitory room, and barefoot they begin a specified and almost continuous cycle of prayer and liturgies.<ref>[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/503595917 Gardiner], pp. 153–54.</ref>

These prayers – the Our Father (or [[Lord's Prayer]]), the [[Hail Mary]] and the [[Apostles' Creed]] (all included in a booklet they receive)— are carried out at designated 'stations' on the island, including six 'beds' that are the remains of ancient cells or [[clochán|beehive huts]], named for famous – principally Irish – saints. These are thought to be the remains of early [[monasticism|monastic cells]].

Pilgrims spend the first night in the island's basilica in prayer, and only on the second night can they finally sleep in the dormitory. Each day on the island the pilgrims have one simple meal of dry toast, oatcakes and black tea or coffee. On the third morning they are ferried back to the mainland, where they will continue their fast until midnight.

There are also other programs throughout the year, including Quiet Days, Family Days, and One-Day Retreats.

The site is under the stewardship of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Clogher]]. The staff includes people who can help with both spiritual and practical concerns. Facilities include a kitchen, laundry, first-aid station and book/gift shop.

The pilgrimage did not place in 2020 or 2021 because of the [[social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland|social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland]]. It reopened in 2022 with a "Pilgrim Shelter Museum" as a new addition.<ref>{{cite news|title=New museum as Lough Derg reopens to pilgrims|work=[[Donegal News]]|date=10 March 2022|page=11|quote=Lough Derg has unveiled a new on-site museum as it prepares to re-open its full Pilgrimage programme this summer for the first time in two years. St Patrick's Sanctuary, Lough Derg, is preparing to re-open Station Island in Donegal to pilgrims from 1 May for its full Pilgrimage summer programme after having been forced to close for the last two years due to COVID-19 restrictions… Remarkably, before the pandemic, the last time the renowned Lough Derg Pilgrimage season was suspended was back in 1828.}}</ref>

==Literature==
''[[Tractatus de Purgatorio Sancti Patricii]]'' is a twelfth-century account in Latin of a pilgrimage to St Patrick's Purgatory.<ref>Picard, Jean-Michel and Yolande de Pontfarcy [http://www.worldcat.org/title/saint-patricks-purgatory-a-twelfth-century-tale-of-a-journey-to-the-other-world/oclc/13702469, ''Saint Patrick's Purgatory: A Twelfth Century Tale of a Journey to the Other World,''] (Dublin : Four Courts Press, 1985).</ref> [[Marie de France]] translated it into French and expanded it into the ''[[Legend of the Purgatory of St. Patrick]]''. A [[verse drama]] about the shrine was composed by Spanish [[national poet]] [[Pedro Calderon de la Barca]]. A [[Victorian era]] English translation survives by Irish poet [[Denis Florence MacCarthy]].

Other medieval works include The Knight of Hungary,<ref>Hammerich, L.L., ed. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/559989008 ''Visiones Georgii: Visiones quas in Purgatorio Sancti Patricii vidit Georgius Miles deUngaria, A.D. MCCCLIII.''] Copenhagen: Høst & Søn, 1931.</ref> or George Grissophan, Provençal, mid-fourteenth century; the Vision of Louis of France<ref>Hammerich, L.L., ed. "Le pelerinage de Louis d’Auxerre au Purgatoire de S. Patrice". ''Romania'' 5:118ff.</ref>  ''(Visio Ludovici de Francia),'' French, 1358; the Vision of Ramón de Perellós,<ref>Jeanroy, A., and A. Vignaux. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/320358116 ''Voyage au Purgatoire de St. Patrice: Visions de Tindal et de St. Paul: texts languedociens du quinzième siècle.''] Bibliothèque méridonale, ser. 1, vol. 8. Toulouse: E. Privat, 1903; rpt. New York: Johnson Reprint, 1971.</ref> Catalan, 1397; The Vision of William Staunton,<ref>Easting, R. B., ed.[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/27147507 '' St. Patrick’s Purgatory.''] Early English Text Society 298. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991.</ref> English, after 1409; and the Vision of Laurent Rathold de Pasztho,<ref>Delehaye, Hippolytus, ed. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/20839333 “Le Pèlerinage de Laurent de Paszthou au Purgatoire de S. Patrice.”] ''Analecta Bollandiana'' 27 (1908): 35–60; and Yonge, Jacobus. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/504117483 ''Le Pèlerinage de Laurent de Pászthó au Purgatorie de S. Patriec.''] Brussels: Société des Bollandists,1908. .</ref> 1411. A fascinating account of a visit to Lough Derg by Catalan pilgrim Ramón de Perellós in 1397 is given in Haren and de Pontfarcy's book.,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19558915|title=The Medieval pilgrimage to St Patrick's Purgatory: Lough Derg and the European tradition|first1=Michael|last1=Haren|first2=Yolande de|last2=Pontfarcy|date=15 May 1988|publisher=Clogher Historical Society|oclc=19558915 |via=Open WorldCat}}</ref> along with several other pilgrims' accounts. A more detailed description of 'the cave' of St Patrick's Purgatory was provided by the accomplished seventeenth-century Irish historian, [[Sir James Ware]], in his work ''De Hibernia'' (1654, 2nd ed. 1658) where the map originates.

''[[Station Island (poetry)|Station Island]]'' is a long poem written by [[Séamus Heaney]] about his experience of the pilgrimage: it is part of a collection of the same name (published 1984).  Other well-known poets, such as [[Denis Devlin]] and [[Patrick Kavanagh]] wrote works on St. Patrick's Purgatory as well. "The Lough Derg Pilgrim"<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/65662793|title=Father Butler, the Lough Dearg pilgrim.|first=William|last=Carleton|date=15 May 1839|publisher=W. Curry|oclc=65662793 |via=Open WorldCat}}</ref> by the Irish writer [[William Carleton]] recounts his experience there, which led him to abandon thoughts of becoming a Roman Catholic priest; he converted to the [[Church of Ireland]]. [[Pete McCarthy]]'s visit in 1998 is described in ''McCarthy's Bar''.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/45893432|title=McCarthy's Bar: a journey of discovery in the west of Ireland|first=Pete|last=McCarthy|date=15 May 2001|publisher=Thomas Dunne Books|oclc=45893432 |via=Open WorldCat}}</ref>

''[[Froissart's Chronicles]]'' mentions it in Book Four, Froissart Revisits England.

Rabelais's [[Gargantua]] bawdily refers to it as "Saint Patrick's hole".

'The Pilgrim', by [[W. B. Yeats]] is centred on the pilgrimage to Station Island.

==Pilgrims==
Since the records were destroyed in 1632, we have no way of knowing exactly how many people made the pilgrimage each year in those days. However, since that time, records are available; and we know, for example, that in 1700, 5,000 pilgrims were recorded for the season; by 1826 the number of pilgrims grew to 15,000, and to 30,000 by 1846, just before the onset of the [[Great Famine (Ireland)|Great Famine]]. From 1871 to 1903 approximately 3,000 pilgrims visited annually; and from 1908 to 1921, the number averaged over 8,000. From 1929 to the end of the century the number never fell below 10,000 pilgrims, and in many years was twice, and sometimes thrice, that number. In 2011, 8,000 people completed the pilgrimage.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://clericalwhispers.blogspot.com/2009/08/bishop-duffy-welcomes-increase-in.html|title=Clerical Whispers: Bishop Duffy welcomes increase in number of pilgrims to Lough Derg|first=Cw|last=Team|date=13 August 2009}}</ref>

Notable pilgrims include:
* Georgius Ungarus, also George Crissaphan or George Grissaphan (Krizsafán fia György, in [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]), knight in the army of [[Louis I of Hungary]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.italicapress.com/index410.html#IndividualAccounts|title=Pilgrims Way to St. Patrick's Purgatory &#124; Eileen Gardiner &#124; Lough Derg &#124; Italica Press &#124; Chapter 8 Pilgrims Stories|website=italicapress.com}}</ref>
* [[Malatesta Ungaro]], Italian [[condottiero]]
* [[Lawrence Tari|Laurence Rathold]] of Pászthó or Laurentius Tar (Tar Lőrinc, in Hungarian), a courtier in the court of [[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor|Sigismund]] of Luxembourg, king of Hungary – the report of his pilgrimage: "memoriale super visitatione Domini Laurencii Ratholdi militis et baronis Ungariae factum de purgatorio sancti Patricii in insula Hiberniae" (in Hungarian [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927064845/http://lazadas.ho8.com/www.tar.hu/lazadas/tar.htm])
* [[Jan I van Brederode]], a vazal of count [[William VI of Holland]] visit the island site in 1399
* [[Guillebert de Lannoy]], a chamberlain to the duke of Burgundy and knight of the [[Order of the Golden Fleece|Golden Fleece]], made the pilgrimage in 1430.
* Francesco Chiericati, [[papal nuncio]], visited the site in 1522
* [[Mary McAleese]] – [[President of Ireland]]<ref>https://www.loughderg.org/heritage/historical-chronology/ 1998 – Pilgrimage of Irish president, Mary McAleese</ref>{{Better source needed|reason=Citation is the company's website, which may not be entirely objective.|date=June 2022}}
* [[Frank Duff]] – Founder of the [[Legion of Mary]]
* [[Seamus Heaney]] – Poet

There are thirty-three pilgrims to St. Patrick's Purgatory between c. 1146 and 1517 who can be identified by name. Thirty-two are listed in Haren and de Pontfarcy;<ref>[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19558915 Haren & De Pontfarcy], pp. 5–6.</ref> Francesco Chiericati saw the name of the 33rd, Guarino da Durazzo, in a book on Station Island during his visit, before all of the records on St. Patrick's Purgatory were presumably destroyed on 25 October 1632.

==Further reading==
* Cunningham, John B. ''[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/13452634 Lough Derg, Legendary Pilgrimage.]'' Monaghan, Ireland: R. & S. Printers, 1984. A history of Lough Derg and its institutions.
* Di Fonzo, Claudia, The Legend of the Purgatory of Saint Patrick: From Ireland to Dante and Beyond, ALLEGORICA: TRADITIONS AND INFLUENCES IN MEDIEVAL AND EARLY MODERN LITERATURE (Saint Louis University), vol. 26 (2009–2010), pp.&nbsp;44–81.
* Flynn, Laurence J. ''[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/65480651 Lough Derg, County Donegal: St. Patrick's Purgatory.]'' [Dublin]: [Eason], 1987. A brief, illustrated history.
* Harbison, Peter, and Joss Lynam. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/264728066 ''Lough Derg: The Shore by Saints Island, Co. Donegal.''] The Heritage Council of Ireland. Kilkenny: Heritage Council, 2004. A walking guide along the old pilgrim's path around the southern shore of Lough Derg.
* Haren, Michael, and Yolande de Pontfarcy, eds. [http://www.worldcat.org/title/medieval-pilgrimage-to-st-patricks-purgatory-lough-derg-and-the-european-tradition/oclc/19558915%20 ''The Medieval Pilgrimage to St Patrick’s Purgatory, Lough Derg and the European Tradition.''] Enniskillen: Clogher Historical Society, 1988. A collection of important essays.
* Gardiner, Eileen. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/18741120 ''Visions of Heaven and Hell before Dante.''] New York: Italica Press, 1989. Includes text of the ”Vision of Owein,“ based on the version in Roger of Wendover's ''Chronicle,'' plus other related visions.
* Gardiner, Eileen. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/503595917 ''The Pilgrim's Way to St. Patrick's Purgatory.''] New York: Italica Press, 2010. Lays out a route for the modern pilgrim from Dublin to Lough Derg, visiting the important medieval monuments along the route, with full descriptions of Station and Saints Islands.
* Leslie, Shane, ed.  ''[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/668003 Saint Patrick’s Purgatory: A Record from History and Literature].'' London: Burns, Oates & Washbourne, 1932; rpt. Dublin: Colm Ó Lochlainn, at the Sign of the Three Candles, 1961. An early and thorough study by the man who owned the lake and surrounding property.
* McGuinness, Joseph. ''[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/56593652 Saint Patrick's Purgatory, Lough Derg.]'' Dublin: Columba Press, 2000. A history of the site.

==References==
*{{cite Catholic Encyclopedia|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12580a.htm|wstitle=St. Patrick's Purgatory|author=William Henry Grattan Flood}}

{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|St Patrick's Purgatory}}
* [http://www.loughderg.org/ Official Web Site]
* [https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?mid=1ezyOaGHO7DounkrYU2acrBNCw1E&msa=0 The Pilgrim's Way to St. Patrick's Purgatory]
* [http://www.hell-on-line.org/BibPatrick.html Complete Bibliography on St. Patrick's Purgatory]

{{Catholic Church in Ireland}}
{{Irish long-distance trails}}
{{County Donegal}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Patrick's Purgatory, Saint}}
[[Category:Saint Patrick|Purgatory]]
[[Category:Basilica churches in the Republic of Ireland]]
[[Category:Caves of the Republic of Ireland]]
[[Category:Religion in County Donegal]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic pilgrimage sites in Ireland]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in County Donegal]]